(精讲册)专题八 句子的种类和简单句（课件PPT）-【练客中考】2025年甘肃中考英语提优方案（人教版）

英语 人教版 2025甘肃 精讲册 1 专题八 句子的种类和简单句 （兰州：6年5考；省卷：6年21考） 2 1 思维导图串考点 2 核心考点精讲练 3 01 思维导图串考点 4 返回目录 5 返回目录 6 02 核心考点精讲练 7 【知识必备】 句型一：主语+谓语（不及物动词） <m></m> <m></m>. 句型二：主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语 <m></m> <m></m> <m></m>. 句型三：主语+系动词+表语 <m></m> <m></m> <m></m>. 返回目录 8 句型四：主语+谓语（及物动词）+间接宾语+直接宾语 <m></m> <m></m> <m></m> <m></m>. 句型五：主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+宾语补足语 <m></m> <m></m> <m></m> <m></m>. 句型六：There be+主语（+地点/时间状语） <m></m><m></m><m></m>. 返回目录 9 命题点 1 陈述句 1.陈述句的肯定形式（详见专题导图中“简单句的基本句型”） 2.陈述句的否定形式 （1）主语+be动词+not+其他. 如： Ada isn't the tallest child in her class. （2）①主语+情态动词+not+动词原形+其他. 如： I can not get there on time. ②主语+助动词+not+动词原形+其他. 如： She didn't go to the cinema as planned yesterday. 返回目录 10 （3）可以用no, never, hardly, seldom, few, little, nobody, neither…nor…, none, nothing等词构成否定句。如： I hardly believe his story. （4）“too…to…”本身具有否定的含义。如： He is too young to go to school. 返回目录 11 语法与情景对话 1.（2021省卷Ⅱ.20）Which part is the VERB of the following sentence “Susan walks to school every day.”？___ A.“Susan” B.“walks to” C.“school” D.“every day” 2.（2020省卷Ⅱ.20）The sentence pattern of “I enjoy living in Gansu.” is ___. A.S+V+O B.S+V+P C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+O+OC √ √ 返回目录 12 3.（2019省卷Ⅱ.20）What is the sentence pattern of “I love English.”？ ___ A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+P D.S+V+O+OC 4.Which part is the VERB of the following sentence “I often borrow some books from the library.”? ___ A.often B.borrow C.from D.library √ √ 返回目录 13 5.What is the sentence pattern of the sentence “I usually go to school by bus.”？ ___ A.S+V+O B.S+V+IO+DO C.S+V+P D.S+V+O+OC 6.Which part is the VERB of the following sentence “David bought a toy car yesterday.”？ ___ A.“David” B.“bought” C.“a toy car” D.“yesterday” √ √ 返回目录 14 命题点 2 疑问句（兰州：2019.33；省卷：6年6考） 1.一般疑问句 概念：用yes或no回答的疑问句 句式结构 例句 Be+主语+其他？ —Are these your books? —No, they aren't. 情态动词+主语+动词 原形+其他？ —Must we keep quiet? —Yes, you must. 助动词+主语+动词原 形+其他？ —Do you like doing sports in your free time? —Yes, I do. 返回目录 15 2.特殊疑问句 （1）结构：特殊疑问词（组）+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语+其他？ 疑问词 含义及用法 答语 what “什么”，询问身份、职业、观 点、看法等 具体内容、职业等 when “什么时候”，询问时间 表示时间的名词或介词短语 who/wh om “谁”，询问人物 人物姓名或身份 where “哪里”，询问地点、位置 表示地点的名词、介词短语 返回目录 16 疑问词 含义及用法 答语 why “为什么”，询问原因 多用Because…回答 how “如何，怎样”，询问方式或感受 表示方式的短语或表示感受的 形容词 which “哪一个”，询问特定的人或物 具体内容或在已给出的选项中 进行选择 whose “谁的”，询问物品所属 名词所有格或名词性物主代词 返回目录 17 （2）how词组 疑问词组 含义及用法 常用答语 how long “多长”，询问物体的长度 基数词+单位名词+long “多久”，询问时间的长短 for+时间段/since+过去时间或从句 how soon “多久以后”，询问某个动 作要多长时间发生或结束 in+一段时间 how many “多少”，询问可数名词的 数量 基数词（+单位名词+of+可数名词 复数） 返回目录 18 疑问词组 含义及用法 常用答语 how much “多少”，询问不可数名词 的量 基数词+单位名词+of+不可数名词 “多少钱”，询问价格 基数词+货币单位名词 how far “多远”，询问距离 基数词（+长度单位名词）/It's+单/ 复数名词所有格（名词表示时间） +… how often “多久一次”，询问频率 once a week等表示频度的短语或 every day等时间状语 返回目录 19 【拓展】 ①特殊疑问句既可以使用完整答语，其中名词常用代词代替，也可以只回 答提问部分。如：问句：Where is my schoolbag? 回答：It's under the chair.或Under the chair.。 ②疑问词作主语时，一般来说，不知道主语是单数还是复数时，可将主语 看作单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数，整句用陈述语序。如： Who helps you solve the problems when you are in trouble? 返回目录 20 3.选择疑问句 对问题给出两个或两个以上选项，供对方选择其一的疑问句称为选择 疑问句。 句式结构 例句 一般疑问句+or+另一选 项？ —Are you a nurse or a doctor？ —A doctor. 特殊疑问句，A or B？ —Which season do you like better， summer or winter？ —I prefer summer. 【注意】选择疑问句不用yes或no回答，只要根据实际情况回答即可。 返回目录 21 Ⅰ.语法与情景对话 7.（2024省卷Ⅱ.7）—___ have you been learning English? —For 7 years. A.How old B.How long C.How often D.How big 8.（2024省卷Ⅱ.14）—___ was the zipper invented? —In 1893. A.When B.How C.Why D.Where √ √ 返回目录 22 9.（2023省卷Ⅱ. 8）—___ do you exercise？ —Every day. A.How many B.How old C.How much D.How often 10.（2023省卷Ⅱ. 14）—___ do you learn these words by heart？ —By using them in different ways. A.When B.How C.Why D.Where 11.（2019兰州33）—___ is it from Lanzhou to Lhasa？ —It's about 2,160 kilometers. A.How often B.How far C.How long D.How many √ √ √ 返回目录 23 12.—Excuse me. ___ is the nearest supermarket? —Go straight along this road and then you will find it on your left. A.What B.Which C.When D.Where 13.—Shirley, you play badminton so well. ___ do you play it? —Every Tuesday and Sunday. A.How long B.How far C.How many D.How often 14.—___ did the government set up the National Park? —To protect the wild animals and plants. A.When B.Why C.Where D.What √ √ √ 返回目录 24 15.—I love your painting. ___ did it take you to finish it? —For about two weeks. I could only do it after school. A.How long B.How often C.How much D.How many 16.—___ time do you spend on your hobbies every week? —About two hours. A.How many B.How long C.How often D.How much 17.—___ does Jack ask you about? —He asks me how long the film has been on when I reached the cinema. A.What B.How C.Where D.Who √ √ √ 返回目录 25 18.—Henry, ___ students are there in your class? —Fifteen. We are a big family. A.how many B.how much C.how old D.how long 19.—___ volleyball is this? —Let me have a look. Jane's name is on it. It must be hers. A.Who B.Where C.Why D.Whose √ √ 返回目录 26 20.—Kitty, ___ will you have the P. E. exam? —In about one month. A.how long B.how far C.how often D.how soon 21.—I can't find my dictionary, Dad. ___ is it? —I think it's on the sofa. A.What B.Where C.When D.How √ √ 返回目录 27 Ⅱ.句型转换 22.My grandfather takes a walk every day.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ does your grandfather take a walk? How often 23.Many people like drinking tea because it can make them relaxed. （对划线部分提问） ______ ____ many people like drinking tea? Why do 24.We will get there by plane.（对划线部分提问） ______ _____ you get there? How will 返回目录 28 25.We will finish the work. .in half an hour.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ will you finish the work? How soon 26.That is David's wallet.（对划线部分提问） ________ _______ is that? Whose wallet 27.It's 20 minutes' car ride from my house to school.（对划线部分提 问） ______ ____ is it from your house to school? How far 28.Harry has been interested in space since he was 9.（对划线部分提 问） ______ _____ has Harry been interested in space? How long 返回目录 29 29.Lisa was talking with a friend at this time yesterday.（对划线部分 提问） _______ was Lisa _______ at this time yesterday? What doing 30.Mrs. White has been to China three times.（对划线部分提问） ______ _______ times has Mrs. White been to China? How many 31.Judy bought this schoolbag in the shop near her home.（对划线部 分提问） _______ _____ Judy buy this schoolbag? Where did 返回目录 30 命题点 3 祈使句（兰州：2021.43；省卷：6年5考） 1.祈使句的基本句型 形式 结构 示例 肯定形式 （Please+）动词原形（+其他）. Turn left. Be+表语（+其他）. Be careful. Let+宾语+动词原形（+其他）. Let's make a toy plane. 返回目录 31 形式 结构 示例 否定形式 Don't+动词原形（+其他）. Don't read in the sun. Don't be+表语（+其他）. Don't be late. Let+宾语+not+动词原形（+其他）. Let John not go out alone. No+名词/动名词. No photos! No smoking! Never+动词原形+其他. Never forget your dreams. 返回目录 2.祈使句的用法 （1）祈使句的应答语 回答祈使句时要用一般将来时。如： —Please remember to take the dog out for a walk every day. —Yes, I will. （2）“祈使句+and/or+表示结果的分句”结构，如： Study hard, and you'll succeed sooner or later. 返回目录 33 Ⅰ.语法与情景对话 32.（2021省卷Ⅱ.11）___ trying and do your best. A.Keep B.Keeping C.To keep D.Kept 33.___ too much time on the phone games, or you will fall behind others. A.Spend B.Spending C.Don't spend D.Let's spend 34.___ a lifelong learner, and you'll enjoy a great treasure of knowledge and keep your mind active and young. A.To be B.Be C.Being D.To being √ √ √ 返回目录 34 35.Please ___ make any noise in the library. It will disturb others. A.don't B.not to C.not D.won't 36.—___ swimming in this river. It's quite deep. —Thanks for telling me. A.Don't B.Not C.No D.Doesn't √ √ 返回目录 35 Ⅱ.完成句子 37.（2021省卷Ⅷ.3）别忘了在完成作业后仔细检查。 _______ _______ to check carefully after writing the composition. Don't forget 38.（2020省卷Ⅷ.5）公共场合禁止吸烟。 ____ _________ in public areas. No smoking 39.不要给你的朋友起外号，因为你不知道对此他可能会怎么想。 _______ _____ your friend a nickname because you don't know how he may feel about it. Don't give 返回目录 36 40.今日事今日毕，勿将今事待明日。 Never _____ ____ what can be done till tomorrow. put off 41.快点，否则我们将错过电影的开场。 Hurry up, or we _____ ______ the beginning of the movie. will miss 42.让我们积极参加家务劳动吧！ ______ _____ an active part in doing housework! Let's take 43.无论多么艰难，永远都不要放弃追寻你们的梦想。 _______ _____ up chasing your dreams no matter how difficult it is. Never give 返回目录 37 命题点 4 感叹句（省卷：6年3考） 引导词 结构 示例 What What+a/an+形容词+可数名词 单数（+主语+谓语+其他）! What a good time we had at the party last night! What+形容词+可数名词复数/不 可数名词（+主语+谓语）! —Listen! Someone is playing the piano. —Wow! What beautiful music! 返回目录 38 引导词 结构 示例 How How+形容词/副词（+主语+谓 语）! How exciting the news is! How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单 数（+其他）! How beautiful a dress! How+主语+谓语! How time flies! 如何判定引导词： ◆当感叹句的中心词为名词时，多用What/What a（an）引导 ◆当中心词为形容词或副词时，多用How来引导 返回目录 39 Ⅰ.语法与情景对话 44.（2021省卷Ⅱ.6）—They've bought the sick children some toys and flowers. —So they have.___ nice of them! A.How B.What C.How a D.What a 45.（2019省卷Ⅱ.18）___ useful the information you've provided is! A.What a B.What C.What an D.How √ √ 返回目录 40 46.—Do you know who wrote the novel My Altay? —It's Li Juan from Xinjiang. ___ real gift she has for writing! A.What B.What a C.How D.How a 47.—___ wonderful music! —Exactly! It makes me feel relaxed after a busy day. A.What B.What a C.How D.How a √ √ 返回目录 41 48.—___ I wish that we would meet again soon! —We certainly will! A.How a B.What a C.How D.What 49.Look! ___ happily the kids are playing on the beach! A.How a B.What a C.What D.How √ √ 返回目录 42 Ⅱ.完成句子 50.（2024省卷Ⅷ.1）那几艘龙舟好美呀！ ______ ___________________ the dragon boats are! How beautiful/pretty/nice 51.校园是个多么美好的地方啊！ _______ a ___________ place the school is! What wonderful 52.兰州的小吃真美味呀! ______ _________ the snacks in Lanzhou are! How delicious 返回目录 43 53.学生们在英语课堂上做笔记多么认真啊！ ______ _________ the students are taking notes in English class! How carefully 54.多么令人惊讶的消息啊! _______ ___________ news! What surprising 55.它们是多么漂亮的花啊！ _______ _________ flowers they are! What beautiful 返回目录 44 命题点 5 There be句型（存现句）与主谓一致（兰州：6年3考；省卷： 6年7考） 考向 1 There be句型（存现句）（兰州：6年3考；省卷：6年6考） 1.结构：There be（is, are, was, were）+主语+地点/时间状语。表示“某 处/某时有（存在）……”。其中be动词的形式要和其后的主语在人称和数 上保持一致，具体情况如下： 返回目录 45 情况 示例 主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词， be动词用is或was There is a basketball in the box. There is a little milk in the glass. 主语是可数名词复数， be动词用are 或were There are many birds in the tree. There were many people in the street yesterday. 返回目录 2.否定和疑问句式 （1）否定句：在be动词后加not或用no表示。如： There isn't an orange in her bag. = There is no orange in her bag. （2）疑问句：将be动词提至there前，句号变问号。如： There is an apple on the tree. → Is there an apple on the tree？ 返回目录 47 3.There be句型的时态 时态 句式 示例 一般现 在时 There is/are… There is a cat on the chair. 一般将 来时 There will be…或There is/are going to be… There will/is going to be a meeting tomorrow. 一般过 去时 There was/were/used to be… There were many flowers in my garden last year. 返回目录 48 时态 句式 示例 现在完 成时 There have/has been… There have been great changes in my hometown. 含情态 动词 There+情态动词+be… There may be a rainstorm tomorrow. 返回目录 49 考向 2 主谓一致（省卷：2020Ⅴ.5） 主谓一致，即谓语动词必须和主语在“人称”和“数”上保持一致，这种 一致常由三种不同的原则所支配，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近 一致原则。 1.语法一致：即谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。 返回目录 50 主语 谓语 例句 单数名词、不可数名词或单数代词 单数 Water is important to everyone. 动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从 句 What he said is very meaningful. something, someone, everything, anybody, nothing, each, no one, either, neither等不定代词 Each student has an English dictionary in our class. one of+复数名词 One of the books is boring. 返回目录 51 主语 谓语 例句 the number of+复数名词 单数 The number of students in this school is about 2,000. a number of+复数名词 复数 A number of books are given to the poor students. and和both…and…连接并列主语 Both Peter and his sister are from Canada. 返回目录 52 主语 谓语 例句 由cup, bottle, pair等计量名词修 饰的名词 由计量单位 名词的单复 数形式决定 Three pairs of shoes are made by my grandmother every day. none/neither of后面跟可数名词的 复数形式或复数代词 单数、复数 都可以 None of those magazines sell/sells well. 返回目录 53 主语 谓语 例句 主语后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, including等 取决于主语 的数 The mother together with her three sons was very happy. 分数/百分数+of+名词 取决于名词 的数 60% of the students in our class are girls. a lot of/lots of/plenty of/the rest of +名词 取决于名词 的数 A lot of people are in the classroom. 返回目录 54 2.意义一致：即谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（有时主语形式为单 数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）。 主语 谓语 例句 集体名词 （如：family/class/team/group/ public等） 取决于 主语的 意义 My family is a small one. （表示整体） My family all like classical music. （表示家庭成员） 集合名词 （如：people/police/cattle 等） 复数 The police are busy dealing with the traffic accident on the main street. 返回目录 55 主语 谓语 例句 the+姓氏名词复数，表示 “……一家人”或“……夫妇” 复数 The Greens are going to have a party. the+形容词表示一类人 The rich are not always happy. 表示重量、度量、时间、长 度、价格、数学运算等的词 或短语 单数 Two hours is enough for you to finish your homework. 返回目录 56 主语 谓语 例句 and连接并列主语，表示同一 个人或物时（即and后面无冠 词） 单数 The famous writer and teacher is going to have a speech in our school. many a/an+名词单数或 more than one+名词单数 More than one student has read the novel in my class. 返回目录 57 3.就近一致：指谓语动词的人称和数与距其最近的主语保持一致。 用法 例句 either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…, not…but…等连接并列主语时，谓语动词的形式要由离谓语动词最近的主语来确定 Not only I but also Tom and Mary are fond of watching television. Either I or he is right. 在There be句型（存现句）中， 谓语动词与离其最近的主语在数上保持一致 There are two trees and a horse behind the house. 返回目录 58 Ⅰ.语法与情景对话 56.（2024省卷Ⅱ.15）—Oh， no! Your brother left his umbrella at home. There ___ heavy rain this afternoon. —Don't worry, Mom. I'll bring it to him. A.was B.has been C.are D.will be 57.（2023省卷Ⅱ. 7）There ___ a big tree behind the shop. You can see many birds in it. A.is B.are C.was D.were √ √ 返回目录 59 58.（2019兰州34）Peter with his classmates ___ for the bus when the earthquake happened. A.is waiting B.was waiting C.are waiting D.were waiting 59.There ___ a modern high-speed railway station in my hometown next year. A.be B.have C.will be D.will have 60.There ___ a foreign teacher and some students talking about Chinese tea. A.has B.have C.are D.is √ √ √ 返回目录 60 61.The Greens ___ lunch when I arrived at their house yesterday. A.was having B.were having C.are having D.is having 62.There ___ a post office and two restaurants across from the street. A.is B.are C.was D.were 63.—Does Jim enjoy his stay in China? —Yes. Not only Jim but also his parents ___ quite a few wonderful cities since they came to China. A.would visit B.visited C.has visited D.have visited √ √ √ 返回目录 61 64.Either you or your sister ___ to the park with your grandmother. A.are going B.go C.goes D.to go 65.I plan to travel to Shanghai next month, and I think 3,000 yuan ___ enough. A.was B.are C.is D.were √ √ 返回目录 62 Ⅱ.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 66.Neither she nor I ____（be） from Canada. We are from the USA. 67.Three years ___________（pass） and we've made so many friends during our junior school. 68.There ___（be） some important information on the notice board. 69.Half of the students ____（be） doing their homework in the classroom. 70.There ___（be） a bank and some shops on Main Street. am has passed is are is 返回目录 63 71.Lucy with her classmates ____________（wait） for the school bus when it rained heavily. 72.The new pair of glasses _______（make） me see the words on the blackboard clearly. 73.I together with my friend, Jack ____（be） going to the science museum next Sunday. 74.My family often ____（go） somewhere interesting during weekends. 75.Lily as well as her family _______（climb） the green mountain nearby at this time of year. was waiting makes am go climbs 返回目录 64 76.Information ______（play） an important role in modern society. 77.A number of tourists _____（visit） this famous place every year. 78.One of the shirts in this store ___（be） very fashionable and I want to buy it. 79.Both my grandfather and grandmother _____（like） taking walks in the park. plays visit is like 返回目录 65 80.Watching TV too much ___（be） bad for your eyes. Remember to get plenty of rest! 81.Three bottles of juice ______（be） prepared by my mother for our picnic and we enjoyed drinking them in the park. is were 返回目录 66 Ⅲ.任务型完形填空 never, protect, come, rule, like, care, how much, be, take, how Taking care of our school and protecting our school environment are each student's duty. Most of the students 82._____ about our school environment, so they set up some environment clubs to help our school have a clean and pleasant environment. Let's 83.________ our school environment from now on, shall we? Here are some 84.______ to help with the environment. care protect rules 返回目录 67 No-waste lunches: 85.____________ food do you throw away after lunch? Environment clubs ask students not to bring too much food to school. Besides, one of the best ways to reduce waste is to bring our lunches in bags that can be used again. No-car day: On the no-car day, nobody 86._______ to school by car! Cars cause pollution to our air, so remember: walk, ride a bike or run. Use our legs! It's fun. How much comes never, protect, come, rule, like, care, how much, be, take, how 返回目录 68 87._______ waste water! Many students think there 88.___ enough water to drink, so they often waste it. But actually there is only a little water for us to drink and use. 89.______ important water is in our daily lives! So we have to do our best to save water. If each of us 90.______ our school the same as we like our homes, our school will be more beautiful. So everyone together with classmates 91.______ part in protecting our school environment. Never is How likes takes 温馨提示 请完成《课后提升练》P58习题 never, protect, come, rule, like, care, how much, be, take, how 返回目录 69 70 $$