内容正文:
第十七课时:词汇和语法
基础模块1 Unit9
对口升学英语一轮复习
复习目标
认读重点词汇
01
02
掌握一般过去时的基本用法
认读重点词汇和短语
01
一、单词(汉译英)
有趣的,使人快乐的;快乐,乐趣________________
运动;移动________________
认识,辨别出________________
欣赏,感谢________________
传统的________________
态度,心态________________
受益于,得益于;好处________________
羽毛球运动________________
比赛;相配的人或物;火柴________________
团队合作________________
领导能力,领导素质________________
例外________________
认真地,严肃地,严重地________________
影响,对……起作用;影响,作用________________
毕业________________
成就,成绩________________
滑雪________________
重点词汇
精彩的,绝妙的,极好的________________
令人惊奇的,惊人的________________
样品,例子________________
流行的,受欢迎的________________
艺术的,精美的________________
装饰________________
Reading
申请成为________________
学校篮球队________________
既……又……________________
在将来________________
认真对待运动________________
在早年________________
继续……________________
从……毕业________________
想要做________________
加入团队________________
Speaking
谈论________________
做运动________________
去滑雪________________
考虑________________
向……学习________________
重点短语
掌握一般过去时的基本用法
02
学习目标
1.掌握一般过去时的含义和常用的时间状语。
2.掌握动词变过去式的变化规则
3.掌握一般过去时的基本用法
一、定义
一般过去时表示过去某个特定时间或阶段发生的动作或存在的状态,谓语动词要用动词的 过去式。常和表示过去的时间状语 yesterday 、last week/month/year 、an hour/a moment ago、 just now 、at that time,the other day 、in 2021 、once 、in the old days 、in the past 、in those days,at that time,once upon a time 等连用。如:
I came home just now. 我刚回到家。
I saw her one afternoon last week.我在上周的一个下午见到了她。
I made a model ship yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午我做了一个轮船模型。
动词过去式的构成 变化规则 例词
一般情况 加-ed look—looked play—playedwork-worked
以字母e结尾 加-d like—liked live—livedhope—hoped
以“辅音字母+y”结尾 变y为i再加-ed study-studiedcry—cried
以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母 双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed plan—plannedstop—stopped
二、动词的过去式的变化规则
动词过去式的构成包括规则变化和不规则变化两种形式,规则动词的过去式是在动词原形后加-ed, 不规则动词的过去式要逐个记。规则动词加-ed 的变化情况如下:
三、用法
1. 表示过去发生到现在已经结束的事件、动作或情况,它们可能是最近发生的,也可能是许久以前发生的。通常指动作何时发生,而不强调动作持续多久。
We moved to Shanghai last year. 去年我们搬去了上海。
I was in the post office a moment ago. 刚才我在邮局。
After a few years,she started to play the piano. 几年后,她开始弹钢琴。
2. 表示在过去经常或反复发生的动作。常与 often 、always 、usually 等表示频率的副词连用。
We usually played together when we were young.我们小的时候通常一起玩。
We often went out for a walk after supper.过去我们常在晚饭后散步。
3. 在时间、条件、让步状语从句中,表示过去的将来动作。
She told me that she would not leave until I came back.
她告诉我,直到我回来她才会离开。
He said what he would do if he caught me.
他说,如果他抓住我,他会怎样做。
4.如果主句的谓语动词是现在完成时或一般现在时,since 引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时。
It is nearly two years since I came here. 我来这里快两年了。
We have made a lot of friends since we came here.
自从我们到这里以来已经交了很多的朋友。
四 、句式结构
1. 肯定句:主语+was/were+ 表语 。
主语十动词过去式十其他.
Lily was a vocational middle school student. 莉莉原来是一名职业中学的学生。
She went to school by bike yesterday. 昨天她骑自行车上学。
2. 否定句:主语+wasn't/weren't+表语。
主语+didn't+动词原形+其他.
Lily wasn't a vocational middle school student.莉莉原来不是一名职业中学的学生。
She didn't go to school by bike yesterday. 昨天她没有骑自行车上学。
3. 一般疑问句:Was/Were+ 主语+表语?
Did+主语+动词原形+其他?
—Was Lily a vocational middle school student? 原来莉莉是一名职业中学的学生吗?
—Yes,she was./No,she wasn't.是的,她是。/不,不是。
—Did she go to school by bike yesterday? 昨天她骑自行车上学了吗?
—Yes,she did./No,she didn't. 是的,她骑了。/不,她没骑。
4. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句?
—Who was a vocational middle school student? 谁原来是一名职业中学的学生?
—Lily was. 莉莉。
—How did she go to school yesterday? 昨天她怎么去上学的?
—By bike.骑自行车去的。
课堂练习
(一)单项填空
( )1. My father _____ ill yesterday.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
( )2. ______ your mother at home last year?
A. Is B. Was C. Are D. Were
( )3. He _____ me his phone number but I can’t remember it now.
A. tells B. will tell C. told D. is telling
( )4. Mike ____ his homework last night.
A. doesn’t do B. does C. didn’t do D. didn’t
( )5.They______ talking when the ring rang.
A. stop B. will stop C.stopped D. is stopping
( )6. The worker ______ the washing machine. It can work now.
A. was repairing B. repairs
C. is repairing D. repaired
( )7.I did the dishes_________.
A. with ten minutes B. ten minutes ago
C. in ten minutes D. ten minutes before
( )8. Where _____ he go last night?
A. did B. do C. does D. doing
( )9. Our teacher told us that light________ faster than sound.
A. traveled B. traveling C. travels D. travel
( )10. Last summer I ______ how to swim and now I can _____ well.
A. learn; swim B. learned; swam
C. learn; swam D. learned; swim
1. C。yesterday 表明是过去的时间,father 是第三人称单数,be 动词用 was。
2. B。last year 表明是过去的时间,mother 是第三人称单数,be 动词用 was。
3. C。but 连接的后句表明现在的情况,前句给电话号码是过去的动作,用 told。
4. C。last night 表明是过去的时间,否定句借助 didn’t,后面动词用原形 do。
5. C。when the ring rang 表明是过去的时间,stop 要用过去式 stopped。
6. D。后句说洗衣机现在能工作了,说明工人修理是过去的动作,用 repaired。
7. B。A 选项表达错误;C 选项表示在十分钟后,与 did 不搭配;D 选项表达错误;ten minutes ago 是过去的时间点,符合 did 的时态。
8. A。last night 表明是过去的时间,借助 did 提问。
9. C。“光比声音传播得快”是客观真理,用一般现在时,light 是第三人称单数,动词用 travels。
10. D。last summer 表明是过去的时间,第一个空用 learned;can 是情态动词,后面动词用原形 swim。
(二)汉译英
1. 我昨天上了一节英语课。
2. 他的爸爸在他六岁的时候教他打乒乓球。
3. Mary想到了一个好主意。
4. 车祸发生在上一周。
5. 北京在2022年举行了冬奥会。
(二)汉译英
1. I attended an English class yesterday.
2. His father taught him to play table tennis when he was six years old.
3. Mary came up with a good idea.
4. The car accident happened last week.
5. Beijing hosted the Winter Olympics in 2022.
课后检测:词汇判断
( )1. 态度,心态
A. appreciate B. attract C. attend D. attitude
( )2. 运动;移动
A. modesty B. movement C. model D. must
( )3. 艺术的,精美的
A. arrange B. arrival C. artistic D. audio
( )4. 滑雪
A. swim B. skate C. spirit D. ski
( )5. 认识,辨别出
A. recognise B. recording C. response D. regular
( )6. 团队合作
A. term B. terrible C. teamwork D. team
( )7. 认真地,严肃地;严重地
A. seriously B. scenery C. specialty D. suitable
( )8. 精彩的,绝妙的,极好的
A. winner B. wonderful C. worry D. wetland
( )9. 流行的,受欢迎的
A. pleasure B. perfect C. popular D. patiently
( )10.装饰
A. decorate B. designer C. desire D. describe
词汇判断答案与解析
1. D. attitude(“attitude”有“态度,心态”的意思;A. appreciate 表示“欣赏,感激”;B. attract 意为“吸引”;C. attend 是“参加,出席”的意思)
2. B. movement(“movement”指“运动;移动”;A. modesty 是“谦虚”;C. model 意为“模型,模范”;D. must 表示“必须,一定”)
3. C. artistic(“artistic”的含义是“艺术的,精美的”;A. arrange 是“安排,整理”;B. arrival 意为“到达”;D. audio 是“音频的”)
4. D. ski(“ski”表示“滑雪”;A. swim 是“游泳”;B. skate 意为“滑冰”;C. spirit 是“精神”)
5. A. recognise(“recognise”有“认识,辨别出”的意思;B. recording 是“记录”;C. response 意为“回应”;D. regular 是“有规律的”)
6. C. teamwork(“teamwork”指“团队合作”;A. term 意为“学期,术语”;B. terrible 是“可怕的,糟糕的”;D. team 是“团队”)
7. A. seriously(“seriously”表示“认真地,严肃地;严重地”;B. scenery 是“风景”;C. specialty 意为“专业,特长”;D. suitable 是“合适的”)
8. B. wonderful(“wonderful”的意思是“精彩的,绝妙的,极好的”;A. winner 是“获胜者”;C. worry 意为“担心”;D. wetland 是“湿地”)
9. C. popular(“popular”有“流行的,受欢迎的”的含义;A. pleasure 是“快乐,乐趣”;B. perfect 意为“完美的”;D. patiently 是“耐心地”)
10. A. decorate(“decorate”表示“装饰”;B. designer 是“设计师”;C. desire 意为“渴望,欲望”;D. describe 是“描述”)
选择填空
( )1. Chinese traditional culture has a great ___on the younger generation.
A. experience B. influence C. affect D. effect
( )2. Though we hadn't met for more than 10 years, I___him at the first sight.
A. knew B. understood C. recognised D. realised
( )3.—How often do you play sports?
—____________.
A. Three days B. Twice C. Next week D. Twice a week
( )4.I like playing tennis very much. I ______ join the school team.
A. eager B. am eager C. eager to D. am eager to
( )5.______ he does, his mother will forgive him.
A. No matter why B. No matter when
C. No matter which D. No matter what
( )6.He ______ to his family.
A. knows; writes B. knowed; written C. knew; write D. knows; written
( )7.When ______ Li Ming ______ school yesterday morning?
A. did; got to B. did; reach C. does; arrive D. does; arrived at
( )8.Mary told me that her brother ______ in Shanghai.He ______ to Beijing last week.
A. wasn't ; went B. didn't ; went C. wasn't ; go D. isn't ; went
( )9.—Did the thieves ______ into the house?
—No, they ______ .
A. break; didn’t B. go; did
C. went; didn’t D. break; did
( )10.He ______ at home when I called him yesterday.He ______ football.
A. isn’t; is playing B.don’t; was playing
C.wasn’t; was playing D. was; played
选择填空答案与解析
1. B. influence(have a great influence on 是固定短语,意为“对……有很大影响”;A. experience 是“经历,经验”;C. affect 是动词,“影响”,此处需要名词;D. effect 常和 on 搭配,但前面一般是 have an effect on)
2. C. recognised(recognise 意为“认出”,根据语境,多年未见但一眼认出;A. knew 强调知道;B. understood 理解;D. realised 意识到)
3. D. Twice a week(提问频率,应该用表示频率的短语回答,A. Three days 是时间段;B. Twice 不完整;C. Next week 是时间点)
4. D. am eager to(be eager to do sth. 是固定用法,表示“渴望做某事”,A 和 C 缺少 be 动词;B 缺少 to)
5. D. No matter what(no matter what 引导让步状语从句,意为“无论什么”;A. No matter why 无论为什么;B. No matter when 无论何时;C. No matter which 无论哪个,根据句意应是无论他做什么)
6. A. knows; writes(主语 he 是第三人称单数,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,know 的第三人称单数是 knows,write 的第三人称单数是 writes)
7. B. did; reach(yesterday morning 是过去的时间,要用一般过去时,疑问句借助助动词 did,后面动词用原形,reach 是及物动词,可直接接地点;get to 和 arrive at 后面接地点,但是 A 和 D 中动词形式错误;C 时态错误)
8. A. wasn't ; went(第一空表示“在上海”的状态,用 be 动词,根据 told 可知是过去时,所以用 wasn't;第二空 last week 是过去的时间,动词用过去式 went)
9. A. break; didn’t(助动词 did 后面接动词原形,排除 C;根据 No 可知是否定回答,用 didn't)
10. C. wasn't; was playing(yesterday 是过去的时间,第一空表示过去的状态,用 wasn't;第二空表示过去正在进行的动作,用 was playing)
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