UNIT 5 Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking（Word教参）-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册（人教版2024）

Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking 教材助读9 A FEW SIMPLE FORMS OF ENGLISH POEMS There are various reasons why people compose① poetry.【1】 Some poems tell a story or describe a certain image② in the reader's mind.Others try to convey③ certain feelings such as joy and sorrow④.The distinctive⑤ characteristics of poetry often include economical⑥ use of words, descriptive and vivid language, integrated imagery⑦，literary⑧ devices⑨ such as similes and metaphors, and arrangement of words, lines, rhymes⑩，and rhythm.Poets use many different forms of poetry to express themselves.Now we will look at a few of the simpler forms. 【1】句中why 引导定语从句。 Some of the first poems a young child learns in English are nursery⑪ rhymes.【2】 They are usually the traditional poems or folk⑫ songs.The language of these rhymes, like Poem A, is to the point⑬ but has a storyline.Many children enjoy nursery rhymes because they rhyme, have a strong rhythm, and often repeat the same words.The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory⑭，but they are easy to learn and recite⑮.By playing with the words in nursery rhymes, children learn about language. 【2】句中a young child learns in English为定语从句，前面省略关系代词that。 One of the simplest kinds of poem is the “list poem”，which contains a list of things, people, ideas, or descriptions that develop a particular theme.【3】 List poems have a flexible⑯ line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem.Some rhyme [like B and C], while others do not. 【3】句中which和that 都引导定语从句。 Another simple form of poem that amateurs⑰ can easily write is the cinquain, which is made up of⑱ five lines.【4】 With these, you can convey a strong picture or a certain mood⑲ in just a few words.Look at the example [D]． 【4】句中which 引导非限制性定语从句。 Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that consists of⑳17 syllables.【5】 It has a format㉑ of three lines, containing 5, 7, and 5 syllables respectively㉒.It is not a traditional form of English poetry, but is very popular with English writers.It is easy to write and, like the cinquain, can give a clear picture and create a special feeling using very few words. The haiku poem[E] on the right is a translation from Japanese, which shows a moment in the life of a delicate㉓ butterfly. 【5】句中that 引导定语从句。 English speakers also enjoy poems from China, those from the Tang Dynasty in particular.A lot of Tang poetry has been translated into English, such as this one [F]． With so many different forms of poetry to choose from, you may eventually㉔ want to write poems of your own.Give it a try！ A Hush, little baby, don't say a word, Papa's gonna buy you a mockingbird. If that mockingbird won't sing, Papa's gonna buy you a diamond㉕ ring. If that diamond ring turns to brass, Papa's gonna buy you a looking glass. If that looking-glass gets broke, Papa's gonna buy you a billy goat㉖. If that billy goat won't pull, Papa's gonna buy you a cart and bull㉗. B Mother Hundreds of stars in the deep blue sky, Hundreds of shells on the shore together, Hundreds of birds that go singing by, Hundreds of bees in the sunny weather, Hundreds of dewdrops㉘ to greet the dawn㉙， Hundreds of bees in the purple clover㉚， Hundreds of butterflies㉛ on the lawn㉜， But only one mother the world over. George Cooper C LIFE Life can be good, Life can be bad, Life is mostly cheerful, but sometimes sad Life can be dreams, Life can be great thoughts Life can mean a person, Sitting in court. D Brother Beautiful, athletic Teasing, shouting, laughing Friend and enemy too Mine E A fallen blossom㉝ Is coming back to the branch. Look, a butterfly! F Where she awaits㉞ her husband On and on the river flows. Never looking back, Transformed into stone. Day by day upon the mountain top, wind and rain revolve㉟. Should the traveller return, this stone would utter㊱ speech. Wang Jian ①compose/kəmˈpəʊz/ vt.写作；构成 ②image/ˈImIdʒ/n.影像；想象；肖像 ③convey/kənˈveI/vt.传达；表达 ④sorrow/ˈsɒrəʊ/n.悲伤；悲痛；伤心事vi.感到悲伤 ⑤distinctive/dIˈstIktIv/adj.独特的；有特色的；与众不同的 ⑥economical/ˌiːkəˈnɒmIkl；ˌekəˈnɒmIkl/ adj.经济的；节约的 ⑦imagery/ˈImIdʒəri/n．形象的描述；像；意象 ⑧literary/ˈlItərəri/adj.文学的；爱好文学的；有文学作品特征的 ⑨device/dIˈvaIs/n.手段；策略；方法；技巧 ⑩rhyme/raIm/ n．押韵词；押韵的短诗vi.&vt.(使)押韵 rhythm/ˈrIðəm/ n．节奏；韵律 ⑪nursery/ˈnɜːsəri/adj.幼儿教育的 n．托儿所；保育室 nursery rhyme 童谣；儿歌 ⑫folk/fəʊk/adj.民间的；民俗的；普通百姓的 ⑬to the point 中肯；扼要；切题 ⑭contradictory /ˌkɒntrəˈdIktəri/adj.矛盾的；反对的；反驳的 ⑮recite/rIˈsaIt/vt.背诵；吟诵；列举 ⑯flexible/ˈfleksəbl/ adj.灵活的；柔韧的；易弯曲的 ⑰amateur/ˈæmətə(r)；ˈæmətʃə(r)/n.业余爱好者adj.业余的；业余爱好的 ⑱be made up of 由……组成 ⑲mood/muːd/n.情绪；心情；语气 ⑳consist of 由……组成；由……构成；包括 ㉑format/ˈfɔːmæt/ n．格式；总体安排；(出版物的)版式；格式化 ㉒respectively /rIˈspektIvli/adv.分别；各自；依次为 respective/rIˈspektIv/ adj.分别的；各自的 ㉓delicate/ˈdelIkət/adj.精美的；精致的；脆弱的 ㉔eventually/Iˈventʃuəli/adv.最后；终于 ㉕diamond/ˈdaIəmənd/ n．钻石；金刚石；菱形 ㉖billy/ˈbIli/n.雄山羊 ㉗bull/bʊl/ n．公牛 ㉘dewdrop/ˈdjuːdrɒp/n．露珠；露滴 ㉙dawn/dɔːn/ n．黎明 ㉚clover/ˈkləʊvə(r)/n．三叶草 ㉛butterfly/ˈbʌtəflaI/n．蝴蝶 ㉜lawn/lɔːn/n.草地；草坪 ㉝blossom/ˈblɒsəm/ n．花朵；花簇 ㉞await/əˈweIt/vt.等候；等待；期待 ㉟revolve/rIˈvɒlv/vi.旋转；环绕；转动 ㊱utter/ˈʌtə(r)/vt.说出；发出；表达 英语诗歌的几种简单形式 人们写诗有各种各样的原因。有些诗歌讲述一个故事或描述读者心中的某个形象。其他的诗歌试图传达某些情感，如喜悦和悲伤。诗歌的显著特征通常包括用词节俭、语言生动形象、意象融汇、明喻、暗喻等文学手段以及词、行、押韵、韵律的安排。诗人用许多不同的诗歌形式来表达自己。现在我们来看一些简单的形式。 孩子最早学习的英文诗歌中有一些是童谣。它们通常是传统的诗歌或民歌。这些押韵的语言，就像诗A，很中肯，但有故事情节。许多孩子喜欢童谣，因为它们押韵，有很强的节奏，而且经常重复相同的单词。这些诗可能没有意义，甚至看起来自相矛盾，但它们很容易学习和背诵。通过玩儿歌里的单词，孩子们学习语言。 其中最简单的一种就是“列表诗”，它包含了一系列事物、人物、思想或描述，这些都形成了一个特定的主题。列表诗有一个灵活的行长度和重复的短语，它们给诗一个模式和节奏。有些押韵[如B和C]，有些则不押韵。 另一种业余爱好者很容易写的简体诗是由五行组成的，叫做五行诗。有了这些，你可以用几句话来表达一幅强烈的画面或一种特定的情绪。看看例子(D)。 俳句是日本的一种诗歌形式，由17个音节组成。它的格式是三行，分别包含5、7和5个音节。它不是传统的英国诗歌形式，但在英国作家中很受欢迎。像五行诗一样，它很容易写，可以用很少的文字给出一个清晰的画面，创造一种特殊的感觉。右边的俳句诗[E]是从日语翻译过来的，它展示了一只精致的蝴蝶生命中的一个瞬间。 说英语的人也喜欢中国的诗歌，尤其是唐代的诗歌。许多唐诗被译成了英语，如这首[F]。 有这么多不同形式的诗歌可供选择，你可能最终想写自己的诗。试一试吧！ A 安静，小宝贝，不要说话， 爸爸会给你买一只知更鸟。 如果那只知更鸟不唱歌， 爸爸会给你买一枚钻石戒指。 如果那枚钻石戒指变成黄铜， 爸爸会给你买一面镜子。 如果镜子打碎了， 爸爸会给你买一只雄山羊。 如果公山羊不拉， 爸爸会给你买一辆牛车。 B 母亲 千百颗星星挂在深蓝色的天空， 千百颗贝壳遍布悠长的海岸， 千百只鸟儿鸣唱飞过， 千百只蜜蜂在阳光下往返， 千百滴露珠迎接黎明， 千百只蜜蜂落在紫色三叶草中， 千百只蝴蝶在原野飞舞， 可只有一个母亲，在这茫茫的世间。 乔治·库珀 C 生活 生活可能美满， 生活可能悲伤， 生活常常充满欢乐， 但有时令人沮丧 生活可能是梦幻一场， 生活可能是智慧结晶 生活也可能是一个人 坐在法庭之上。 D 兄弟 爱美，又爱运动， 爱闹，爱叫，又爱笑， 是我的朋友， 也是我的敌人。 E 落下的花朵 回到了树枝上。 瞧，是只蝴蝶！ F 望夫处，江悠悠。 化为石，不回头。 山头日日风复雨， 行人归来石应语。 王建 Ⅰ.明主旨大意 What is the text mainly about? A．How to learn a poem. B．Various reasons for writing poems. C．How to recite a poem. D．Some simple forms of English poems. 答案　D Ⅱ.绘层次结构 Match the main idea with each paragraph. Para.1　　A．Nursery rhymes. Para.2　　B．The distinctive features of poetry. Para.3　　C．The cinquain. Para.4　　D．List poems. Para.5　　E．Give it a try. Para.6　　F．Tang poems. Para.7　　G．The haiku. 答案　Paras.1～7　BADCGFE Read the text (P50～51), then choose the best answer. 1．What kind of feeling is conveyed in Poem F? A．Sorrow.　　　　　 B．Love. C．Happiness. D．Loneliness. 答案　B 2．Which poems often repeat the same words? A．The list poems. B．The cinquain. C．The nursery rhymes. D．The poems from the Tang Dynasty. 答案　C 3．What do we know about haiku? A．It is a traditional form of English poetry. B．It is made up of five lines. C．It gives a vague picture of things. D．It is not hard to write. 答案　D Ⅰ.解决长难句 1. 主句 ↑ One of the simplest kinds of poem is the “list poem”, which contains a list of things, people, ideas, or descriptions that develop a particular theme. 　　　　　↓　　　　 　　　　　　　↓ which引导　非限制性定语　从句　　that引导　定语　从句 [尝试翻译]　 其中最简单的一种就是“列表诗”，它包含了一系列事物、人物、思想或描述，这些都形成了一个特定的主题。 2. that引导　定语　从句 ↑ Another simple form of poem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain, which is made up of five lines. 　　↓ which引导　非限制性定语　从句 [尝试翻译]　 另一种业余爱好者很容易写的简体诗是由五行组成的，叫做五行诗。 3. 主句 ↑ The haiku poem [E] on the right is a translation from Japanese, which shows a moment in the life of a delicate butterfly. 　　　　　　　↓ which引导　非限制性定语　从句 [尝试翻译]　 右边的俳句诗[E]是从日语翻译过来的，它展示了一只精致的蝴蝶生命中的一个瞬间。 Ⅱ.课文语法填空 People write poetry for various reasons.Some poems tell a story 1. or describe something in a way 2. that will give the reader a strong impression.3. Others (other) try to convey certain emotion.Poets try to express 4. themselves (them) in many different forms of poetry.Nursery rhymes, which 5. have (have) strong rhythm and much repetition, are a type of children's poetry.List poems repeat phrases and some rhyme and some students can 6. easily (easy) write themselves.The cinquain, another simple form of poem, 7. is made (make) up of five lines.Haiku, 8. a Japanese form of poetry, is not a 9. traditional (tradition) form of English poetry, but it is very popular with English writers.English speakers have also shown their great 10. interest (interesting) in Chinese, like Tang poems, many of which have been translated into English. 1 (教材P50)There are various reasons why people compose poetry. 人们创作诗歌有各种各样的原因。 句型：why引导定语从句 先行词是the reason时，定语从句的引导词需根据定语从句缺少的成分而定： ①如果缺少状语，则用why或for which； ②如果缺少主语，则用that或which； ③如果缺少宾语，则用that或which或不填。 With our eyes contacting together, I figured out the reason why he didn't appear at the scene. 我们的目光交汇在一起，我明白了他没有出现在现场的原因。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)The reason that/which he offered us is that his car broke down on the way home. (2)The reason why I'm determined to do well in my lessons is that I don't want to let my parents down. [习作练笔]——补全句子 (3)我渴望这个职位的原因是我能够帮助外国人更好地理解中国文化。 The reason why/for which I am starving for the position is that I can help foreigners have a better understanding of Chinese culture. 2 (教材P50)Others try to convey certain feelings such as joy and sorrow. 其他诗歌试图传达某些情感，如快乐和悲伤。 sorrow　n．悲伤；悲痛；伤心事　vi.感到悲伤 ①to one's sorrow让某人悲伤的是 share happiness and sorrow同甘共苦 drown one's sorrows借酒浇愁 ②sorrow at/for/over sth对某事感到悲伤 ③sorrowfuladj.悲伤的 The people present at the meeting sorrowed at/for/over the folk musician's death. 出席会议的人都对这位民间音乐家的离世感到悲伤。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)As a matter of fact, he daren't look up to see the steward's sorrowful (sorrow) eyes. (2) To our great sorrow, he passed away after several days of working day and night on the front line. [习作练笔]——补全句子 (3)悲伤的泪水顺着脸颊往下流，我紧紧地拥抱着父亲，说道：“我又失败了。”(读后续写之悲伤心理描写) With tears of sorrow rolling down my cheeks , I hugged my father tightly, saying, “I failed again.” 3 (教材P50)The language of these rhymes, like Poem A, is to the point but has a storyline. 这些诗歌的语言，如诗歌A，简单明了，但带有故事情节。 to the point　简明恰当；简洁中肯；切题的 come to the point　说正题 off the point 跑题 be on the point of doing sth 正要做某事的时候 There is no point (in) doing… 做……是没意义的。 His comments are brief and to the point.他的评论简明扼要。 [习作练笔]——补全句子 (1)There's little time left, so let's come to the point (说正题)． (2)I'm afraid what you are saying now is off the point (跑题了)． (3)He was on the point of opening the door (刚要打开门) when it began to rain. (4) There is no point in arguing with him (和他争论是没有意义的)．He is always stubborn. 4 (教材P50)The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite. 这些诗歌的内容可能讲不通，甚至看起来自相矛盾，但是它们易于学习和背诵。 make sense　有意义；有道理；讲得通；是明智的 make no sense讲不通；没意义 make sense of了解……的意义；懂得…… common sense常识 in a sense在某一方面；就某种意义来说 There is no sense in doing sth.做某事没道理/意义。 (2024·全国甲)Of course, I would have preferred a different ending for Tom and Maggie Tulliver, but the ending they got did make the most sense for them.当然，我更希望汤姆和玛吉·图利弗有一个不同的结局，但他们得到的结局对他们来说确实最有意义。 [习作练笔]——补全句子 (1)This sentence just doesn't make sense/makes no sense (讲不通), no matter how you read it. (2)I can't make sense of (理解) what my physics teacher says in class, so would you please offer me some guidance? (3) In a sense (从某种意义来说), it is your endurance and perseverance rather than your intelligence that determine whether you can succeed or not. (4) There is no sense in asking questions (提问毫无意义) if you don't listen to the answer. 5 (教材P51)Another simple form of poem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain, which is made up of five lines. 另一种业余爱好者很容易就能写出来的形式简单的诗是五行诗，这类诗由5行组成。 be made up of　由……组成(构成) ①make up构成；组成；占；和解；编造 make up for弥补 ②consist of由……组成 ③be composed of 由……组成 (以文助写)China is a multi-ethnic country and it is made up of 56 ethnic groups.中国是一个多民族国家，它是由56个民族组成的。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)I don't have a talent for music, but I make up for it with hard work and perseverance. (2)I think it's very unkind of you to make up stories about him. [习作练笔]——一句多译 (3)我们班由50名活泼的男孩和女孩组成，李老师对我们每个人都很严格。 ①Our class is made up of 50 lively boys and girls, and Mr Li is strict with each of us. ②Our class consists of 50 lively boys and girls, and Mr Li is strict with each of us. ③Our class is composed of 50 lively boys and girls, and Mr Li is strict with each of us. 6 (教材P51)With these, you can convey a strong picture or a certain mood in just a few words. 用这短短的几句话，你便可描绘深刻的画面或传达某种情绪。 mood　n．情绪；心情；语气 in a good/bad mood　心情好/不好 be in the/no mood for sth/to do sth 有/没有做某事的心情 I am in a good mood today and the smile on my face shines like a diamond. 我今天心情好，脸上的笑容像钻石一样闪闪发光。 [习作练笔]——补全句子/一句多译 (1)简心情如此好，以至于她几乎要跳起来，眼里噙满了喜悦的泪水。(读后续写之喜乐心理描写) Jane was in such a good mood that she almost jumped up, tears of happiness filling her eyes. (2)因为我英语没考及格，这个周末我没有心情去野餐。 ①Because I have failed in English exam, I am in no mood to go on a picnic this weekend. ②Because I have failed in English exam, I am in no mood for a picnic this weekend. 7 (教材P51)Teasing, shouting, laughing 爱闹，爱叫，又爱笑 tease　vi.& vt.取笑(某人)；揶揄；逗弄 ①tease sb about　拿……开某人的玩笑 ②laugh at sb 嘲笑某人 make fun of sb 愚弄某人 play jokes on sb 开某人的玩笑 play tricks on sb 捉弄某人 Much to my sorrow, my classmates often tease me because of my appearance. 令我非常悲伤的是，我同学经常嘲笑我的外表。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)John is always teasing me about my accent, which makes me very angry. (2)At Halloween, people like to play jokes on each other but no one gets angry. 8 (教材P51)Never looking back, Transformed into stone.化为石，不回头。 transform　vt.使改变外观(或性质)，使改观；使改变形态 ①transform…(from…) into…把……(从……)变成…… ②transformation n．[C，U](彻底的)变化，改观，转变，改革 transformation from…into… 从……到……的变化 The event that happened when I was in university would transform my life. 大学时代发生的那件事将彻底改变我的一生。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)(2023·全国乙改编)The Chinese coach transformed Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the world. (2)The way in which we work has undergone a complete transformation (transform) in the past decade. [习作练笔]——补全句子 (3)这家公司已经从一个家庭小作坊转变成了一个拥有5 000 名员工的公司。 The company has been transformed from a small family business into a company with 5,000 employees . 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$