UNIT 3 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language（Word教参）-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册（人教版2024）

Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language 直接引语和间接引语 Ⅰ.阅读下列句子，认真感悟加黑部分并体会其语法特征。 1．The expert said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died. 2．Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before… 3．The reporter asked, “How can we save polar bears from extinction？” 4．Climate scientists have warned that if we do not take appropriate actions, this warming trend will probably continue and there will be a higher price to pay. 5．“Let's work together to stop climate change，” the expert said. Ⅱ.根据以上例句填空。 英语中常用两种方式引用别人说的话。一种是直接引语，如句 3 和 5 ；另一种是间接引语，如句 1 、 2 和 4 。 直接引语是直接引述别人的原话，直接引语一般前后要加引号。间接引语是用自己的话对别人的话进行转述，不用引号。 一、直接引语变间接引语时的变化 (一)人称变化的三原则 1．“第一人称随主”原则 如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。 ►Mary said, “I want to have a computer of my own.”玛丽说：“我想有一台我自己的电脑。”(直接引语内为第一人称) →Mary said that she wanted to have a computer of her own.玛丽说，她想拥有一台她自己的电脑。(间接引语中随主语改为第三人称) 2．“第二人称随宾”原则 如果从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。 ►Her colleague said to her, “Who did you ask for a leave？”她的同事对她说：“你向谁请了假？”(直接引语中为第二人称) →Her colleague asked her who she had asked for a leave.她的同事问她向谁请了假。(间接引语中随宾语改为第三人称) 3．“第三人称不更新”原则 直接引语变间接引语时，直接引语中出现的第三人称的代词一般不需要变化。 ►Mr Li said, “Jack is a good worker.” 李先生说：“杰克是一位好工人。”(直接引语为第三人称) →Mr Li said Jack was a good worker. 李先生说杰克是一位好工人。(改为间接引语后人称不变) [即时训练1]——将下列句子改为间接引语 (1)He said, “I am proud of my motherland.” → He said that he was proud of his motherland. (2)“You are wasting your time day-dreaming！” he said to Mary. → He told Mary that she was wasting her time day-dreaming. (3)Mr Smith said, “Mary's voice is wonderful.” → Mr Smith said Mary's voice was wonderful. (二)时态的变化 直接引语变间接引语时动词时态的变化如下表： 直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 一般过去时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时 一般将来时 过去将来时 ►His friend said to him, “We are planning to have a picnic.”他的朋友对他说：“我们正计划去野餐。”(直接引语为现在进行时) →His friend told him that they were planning to have a picnic.他的朋友告诉他说，他们正计划去野餐。(间接引语为过去进行时) ►The organizer said, “We have begun our plan.” 组织者说：“我们已经开始了我们的计划。”(直接引语为现在完成时) →The organizer said that they had begun their plan.组织者说，他们已经开始了他们的计划。(间接引语为过去完成时) [提示] 直接引语变间接引语，时态无变化的情况： (1)直接引语是客观真理、谚语和格言； (2)直接引语中有具体的过去的某年、某月、某日作状语。 ►My teacher said to us yesterday, “Early birds catch worms.”昨天老师对我们说：“早起的鸟儿有虫吃。”(直接引语是谚语) →My teacher told us yesterday that early birds catch worms.昨天老师告诉我们早起的鸟儿有虫吃。(变成间接引语时态不变) [即时训练2]——将下列句子改为间接引语 (1)I said, “I will give her some advice tomorrow.” →I said that I would give her some advice the next day. (2)“You have already done your duty，” he said to her. →He told her that she had already done her duty. (3)He said, “I am living with my elder brother.” →He said that he was living with his elder brother. (4)“Light travels much faster than sound，” he said. →He said that light travels much faster than sound. (5)My friend Linda said to me, “I saw the film three days ago.” →My friend Linda told me that she had seen the film three days before. (三)指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化 引语 用词 直接引语 间接引语 指示代词 this这个 that那个 these这些 those那些 时间状语 now现在 then那时 today今天 that day那天 this morning 今天上午 that morning那天上午 tonight今天晚上 that night那天晚上 tomorrow明天 the next/following day 第二天 yesterday昨天 the day before前一天 last night 昨天晚上 the night before 前一天晚上 时间状语 the day before yesterday前天 two days before两天前 three days ago 三天前 three days before三天前 next week下周 the next/following week 第二周 ago(至今)以前 before(那时)以前 地点状语 here这里 there那里 方向性动词 bring带来 take带走 come来 go去 ►She asked, “Is this book his？” 她问：“这本书是他的吗？”(直接引语中用this) →She asked whether that book was his. 她问那本书是不是他的。(间接引语中改为that) ►“I'll be very busy today，” said the man. 那个人说：“我今天会很忙。”(直接引语中用today) →The man said he would be very busy that day.那个人说，那天他会很忙。(间接引语中改为that day) [即时训练3]——将下列句子改为间接引语 (1)They said, “We arrived this morning.” →They said that they had arrived that morning . (2)John said, “I wrote back telling him about it yesterday.” →John said that he had written back telling him about it the day before . (3)He said, “It's ten o'clock now.” →He said that it was ten o'clock then . (4)She said, “I'll do it tonight.” →She said that she would do it that night . (5)He said, “I brought it home with me.” →He said that he had taken it home with him. (四)连接词的选择 1．直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，常变成由that引导的宾语从句。在口语中，that可以省略。 ►He said, “I was cooking when the earthquake happened.”他说：“当地震发生时，我正在烹饪。” →He said (that) he was cooking when the earthquake happened. 他说当地震发生时，他正在烹饪。 [提示] 直接引语是陈述句时，若变为间接引语，主句谓语动词“said to sb”常改为“told sb”。 ►She said to me, “I came back an hour ago.”她对我说：“我一小时前回来的。” →She told me (that) she had come back an hour before.她告诉我她一小时前回来的。 2．直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句时，间接引语中用whether (…or…或…or not)或if引导。 ►He said, “Are you interested in English？” 他说：“你对英语感兴趣吗？” →He asked (me) if/whether I was interested in English.他问(我)是否对英语感兴趣。 [提示] 如果主句中谓语动词是said，则将其改为asked。 3．直接引语是特殊疑问句时，间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导，其余的变化遵照直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则来进行。 ►“What's your name？” he asked me. 他问我：“你叫什么名字？” →He asked me what my name was. 他问我我的名字是什么。 [提示] 疑问句的直接引语变间接引语时，要把疑问语序变成陈述句语序。 [即时训练4]——将下列句子改为间接引语 (1)“Where are you going？” the father asked his son. →The father asked his son where he was going . (2)Mother said to her daughter, “Are you satisfied with your new room？” →Mother asked her daughter whether/if she was satisfied with her new room. 二、祈使句变间接引语 如果直接引语是表示命令、建议或提议、请求、警告或提醒的祈使句，变为间接引语时通常要将祈使句的动词原形变成带to的不定式，并在不定式前根据句意以及说话者当时的语气或态度加上ask, tell, order, suggest, advise, beg, warn, remind, invite, request, command, encourage等动词。 1．表示命令的祈使句 引述表示命令的祈使句，变间接引语时常采用“ask/tell/order sb to do sth”的形式。 ►“Finish the task in ten minutes，” the manager said to the clerk. 经理对店员说：“十分钟内完成这项任务。” →The manager told the clerk to finish the task in ten minutes. 经理告诉店员十分钟内完成这项任务。 ►“Keep silent！” said the chairman. 主席说：“保持安静！” →The chairman ordered to keep silent. 主席命令保持安静。 [即时训练5]——将下列句子改为间接引语 (1)“Follow his instructions，” she said to me. →She asked me to follow his instructions. (2)The officer said, “Go away.” →The officer ordered us to go away. 2．表示建议等的祈使句 当直接引语为表示建议、提议、请求、劝告的祈使句时，多用“suggest＋doing/that从句”(suggest后接that从句时，从句使用虚拟语气“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略)，及“ask/advise/want/beg＋sb＋to do”等结构。 ►Mary said, “Let's go to the art exhibition this afternoon.” 玛丽说：“我们今天下午去看艺术展吧。” →Mary suggested our going to the art exhibition that afternoon. →Mary suggested that we (should) go to the art exhibition that afternoon. 玛丽建议我们那天下午去看艺术展。 ►“Please have a rest，” she said to us. 她对我们说：“请休息一下。” →She asked us to have a rest. 她让我们休息一下。 [即时训练6]——将下列句子改为间接引语 (1)“Do some shopping for me, please，” he said to her. →He asked her to do some shopping for him. (2)Jack said, “Let's go to the cinema tonight.” →Jack suggested that we (should) go to the cinema that night. →Jack suggested our going to the cinema that night. 3．表示警告或提醒的祈使句 引述表示警告或提醒的祈使句用remind, warn等词转述。 ►“Take an umbrella in case of rain，” his mother said to him. 他妈妈对他说：“带一把伞以防下雨。” →His mother reminded him to take an umbrella in case of rain. 他妈妈提醒他带一把伞以防下雨。 ►The leader said to the workers, “Don't speak while working.” 领导对工人们说：“工作时不要说话。” →The leader warned the workers not to speak while working. 领导警告工人们工作时不要说话。 [提示] (1)无论是否定祈使句，还是表示委婉语气的否定疑问句，在变为间接引语时，要用不定式的否定形式：not/never to do sth。 (2)直接引语中的称呼语变为间接引语时，一般把它当作主句谓语动词的宾语用。 ►She said, “Don't make so much noise, children！” 她说：“孩子们，不要制造那么多噪音！” →She told the children not to make so much noise.她告诉孩子们不要制造那么多噪音。 [即时训练7]——将下列句子改为间接引语 (1)“Don't forget to take your book with you，” said she. →She reminded me not to forget to take my book with me. (2)“Don't break the rules, children，” said the headmaster. →The headmaster warned the children not to break the rules . 三、表示请求的一般疑问句变间接引语 若直接引语是“Could/Can/Will/Would…please？”型一般疑问句，变间接引语时常用“ask sb to do sth”结构，且please要去掉。 ►“Would you buy some bread for me？” he said to her.他对她说：“你能给我买些面包吗？” →He asked her to buy some bread for him. 他让她给他买些面包。 ►“Would you sleep and get up early, children？” Father said. 父亲说：“孩子们，你们能早睡早起吗？” →Father asked the children to sleep and get up early.父亲让孩子们早睡早起。 [即时训练8]——将下列句子改为间接引语 (1)“Can you lend me two yuan？” he asked me. →He asked me to lend him two yuan. (2)Mike asked, “Can you tell me the way to the post office, Bob？” →Mike asked Bob to tell him the way to the post office. (3)Jack said to me, “Will you please do it for me？” →Jack asked me to do it for him. 四、感叹句变间接引语 直接引语为感叹句时，间接引语可用what或how引导，也可以用that引导。 ►“What a beautiful dress it is！” the girl said to her friend. 女孩对她朋友说：“多么漂亮的裙子啊！” →The girl told her friend what a beautiful dress it was. 女孩告诉她的朋友那是一件多么漂亮的裙子。 →The girl told her friend that it was a very beautiful dress. 女孩告诉她的朋友那是一件非常漂亮的裙子。 [即时训练9]——将下列句子改为间接引语 (1)He said, “What beautiful view it is！” →He said what beautiful view it was . →He said that it was beautiful view . (2)“How interesting a story it is！” she said. →She said how interesting a story it was . →She said that it was an interesting story . Ⅰ.将下列直接引语变为间接引语 1．The man said, “My children over there are playing football.” → The man said that his children over there were playing football . 2．The monitor said to us, “We will have an English test next Saturday.” → The monitor told us that we would have an English test the next Saturday . 3．He asked me, “Would you like to join the team？” → He asked me whether/if I would like to join the team . 4．The man asked his son, “Why haven't you finished the work yet？” → The man asked his son why he hadn't finished the work yet . 5．The doctor said to the old man, “Don't drink too much.” → The doctor told the old man not to drink too much . Ⅱ.语法与写作 1．母亲问她女儿明年是否去海南度假。 Mom asked her daughter if/whether she was going to Hainan on vacation the next year. 2．这些举措旨在恢复公众对经济的信心。 The measures are intended to restore public confidence in the economy. 3．父亲让我在空闲时间研究生态学。 My father asked me to study ecology in my spare time. 4．地理老师告诉我们：太阳从东方升起，从西方落下。 The geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 5．他告诉我自从他来这里就一直教英语。 He told me that he had taught English since he came here. (教材P28)In response to this environmental issue, China is implementing significant policies and measures to address climate change, aiming to restrict coal consumption, promote a harmonious relationship between man and nature, build a sustainable energy system, and advocate a moderate, green, and low-carbon lifestyle. 针对这一环境问题，中国正在实施应对气候变化的重大政策和措施，旨在限制煤炭消费，促进人与自然的和谐关系，建立可持续的能源体系，倡导适度、绿色、低碳的生活方式。 harmonious　adj.和谐的 ①harmonyn.和谐；融洽 in harmony with与……协调 out of harmony with与……不协调 ②harmoniouslyadv.和谐地；协调地 Their harmonious relationship resulted in part from their shared goals. 他们融洽的关系部分来自于他们共同的目标。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)As is known to all, a harmonious (harmony) dormitory life is important to students and benefits all the members. (2)In order to live harmoniously (harmony), sometimes you need to make compromises. [习作练笔]——补全句子 (3)人类生活被认为是自然的一部分，我们存活下去的唯一方法是和自然和谐相处。 Human life is regarded as part of nature and, the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature . (教材P28)According to the report submitted by researchers, between 20 and 25 percent of all annual carbon dioxide emissions are caused by the destruction of tropical forests. 根据研究人员提交的报告，每年20%至25%的二氧化碳排放量是由热带森林的破坏造成的。 submit　vt.& vi.提交；呈递；屈服 ①submit to服从于；屈服于 submit oneself to甘受……；服从…… submit…to…向……提交…… ②submissionn.提交的文件；屈服；服从 It's high time that you submitted your application, otherwise you will be banned from participating in the activity.该是你提交申请的时候了，否则你将被禁止参加活动。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)No matter what challenge he was faced with, he would never submit himself to it. (2)The report is ready for submission (submit) to the board of directors. (教材P29)I'm doing a project on behalf of my school about global warming.我代表我的学校，正在做一个关于全球变暖的项目。 on behalf of　代表(代替)某人 ①on behalf of sb＝on sb's behalf　代表某人 ②represent v．代表；象征；表示 ③stand for 代表；象征；支持 On behalf of our school, I welcome you to China warmly and sincerely.我代表我们学校热情、真诚地欢迎你们来到中国。 [习作练笔]——一句多译/补全句子 (1)我代表学生会写信邀请您给我们做一场关于中国历史的演讲。 ① On behalf of the Students' Union, I'm writing to invite you to give us a speech on Chinese history. ② Representing the Students' Union, I'm writing to invite you to give us a speech on Chinese history. (2)众所周知，红色在中国传统文化中象征幸福。 As is known to us all, red stands for/represents happiness in traditional Chinese culture. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$