Unit 8 Period Five Part Ⅰ Language Points（Word教参）-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册（北师大版2024）

Period Five　Writing Workshop & Other Parts of the Unit Part Ⅰ　Language Points Ⅰ.重点单词 1． resident n．居民 2． attitude n．看法；态度 3． plastic adj.塑料制的 4． honey n．蜂蜜 5． butter n．黄油，牛油 6． air conditioning n．空调系统 7． sum vt.概括，总结 8． footwear n．鞋类 9． build-up n．增长；加强 10． overflow vi.& vt.满是，有许多；泛滥 11． official n．官员，高级职员 adj.公务的；官方的→ officially adv.官方地 12． percentage n．百分比，百分率→ percent n．百分数 13． disposable adj.一次性的，用完即丢弃的→ dispose v．安排，布置 14． container n．容器→ contain v．容纳 15． majority n．大多数→ minority n．少数 16． indicate vt.表明；显示→ indication n．表明；显示 17． annually adv.每年；一年一度地→ annual adj.每年的；一年一度的 18． pollutant n．污染物→ pollute v．污染→ pollution n．污染 19． flooding n．水灾，洪水泛滥→ flood n．洪水 掌握规律　巧记单词 词缀助记派生词 1．名词后缀：-age，-er，-ity percent(adj.)→percentage(n.) contain(v.)→container(n.) major(adj.)→majority(n.) secure(adj.)→security(n.) 2．形容词后缀：-ial，-able office(n.)→official(adj.) benefit(n.)→beneficial(adj.) dispose(v.)→disposable(adj.) suit(v.)→suitable(adj.) value(v.)→valuable(adj.) 3．副词后缀：-ly annual(adj.)→annually(adv.) 合成词一族 foot＋wear→footwear over＋flow→overflow Ⅱ.核心短语 1． as high as 高达…… 2． take part (in) 参加 3． to sum up 总之 4． cut back on 削减，缩减 5． pay attention to 注意 6． as a result 结果 7． make the best of 充分利用 8． contribute to 有助于；导致 Ⅲ.经典句式 1．it seems/seemed that…“好像是……” To sum up, it seems that almost all who took part understood the need to help take care of the environment.总而言之，似乎几乎所有参与的人都明白帮助保护环境的必要性。 2．even though/if引导让步状语从句 Even though the nation produces around four and a half million tonnes of household waste each year, less than 1% of that waste ends up in landfills. 尽管瑞典每年产生约450万吨家庭垃圾，但只有不到1%的垃圾最终进入了垃圾填埋场。 READING CLUB 1 RECYCLING [教材原文] An Effective Solution Waste management is a major global issue. In Europe, Sweden is setting a great example<1> when it comes to recycling. Even though the nation produces around four and a half million tonnes of household waste<2> each year, less than 1% of that waste ends up in landfills<3>． So where does it go? Well, a lot of waste is burnt—around half of the country's household and industrial waste is turned into energy. Sweden has 32 clean-burning<4> waste-to-energy<5> plants, which burn waste to produce electricity. According to the Swedish government, three tonnes of waste contains as much energy as one tonne of fuel oil. Waste that can't be burnt—scrap metal<6>， plastic, glass and food scraps<7>—is reused or recycled. Sweden's waste-to-energy plants are able to burn more waste than the country produces. As a result, the Swedish government now imports waste from other European counties, like the UK, Norway, Italy and Ireland. A huge amount of<8> waste—800,000 tonnes—is imported each year to produce Sweden's electricity. Everybody wins in this situation—it is good business for Sweden and less waste for landfills in the rest of Europe. Power to the People According to the World Bank, around 70 million tonnes of waste is produced in Africa each year. If the waste is not disposed of<9> properly, it can lead to<10> disease, pollution and other environmental issues. Although this is a big problem, many local communities are coming up with solutions to deal with their own waste.Where most people see a problem, a few clever individuals have seen opportunities. All across the African continent, there are businesses tackling<11> the problem. For example, a South African company makes schoolbags from recycled plastic, and in Ethiopia, old car tyres<12> and clothing are turned into footwear<13> that's sold around the world. These businesses aren't just reducing the waste. They're producing useful products, creating jobs and making money. They're also setting a great example for others about how to make the best of<14> a bad situation. [词汇注解] <1>set an example(to/for sb)(为某人)树立榜样 follow sb's example 效仿某人 <2>household waste 生活垃圾 household/ˈhaʊshəʊld/adj.(只用于名词前)家庭的，家用的 household expenses/products家庭开支/家用产品 <3>end up in landfills 最终在废物填埋场填埋 end up 最终成为，最后处于 landfill/ˈlændfIl/n.[C，U]废物填埋地(或场) <4>clean-burning adj.清洁焚烧的 <5>waste-to-energy adj.以垃圾作为能源的 <6>scrap metal 废金属 <7>food scraps 残羹剩饭 <8>a huge amount of 大量的。修饰不可数名词。 ►I experienced a huge amount of pressure while working in that company.在那家公司工作让我感到压力很大。 <9>dispose of 去掉，清除，销毁 dispose of waste 处理废料 dispose/dIˈspəʊz/vt.处理，安排 <10>lead to 导致，造成 Good habits always lead to high efficiency, while bad ones bring the opposite.好习惯总是会带来高效率，而坏习惯则相反。 <11>tackle/ˈtækl/vt.应付，处理，解决 <12>tyre/ˈtaIə(r)/n.[C]轮胎 <13>footwear /ˈfʊtweə(r)/ n．[U]鞋类 <14>make the best of 充分利用 一个有效的解决方案 垃圾管理是一个重大的全球问题。在欧洲，瑞典在回收再利用方面树立了一个很好的榜样。尽管这个国家每年产生大约450万吨的生活垃圾，但只有不到1%的垃圾最终被填埋在废物填埋场里。 那么垃圾去了哪里呢？嗯，很多垃圾被烧掉了——这个国家大约一半的生活和工业垃圾被转化为能源。瑞典有32座将垃圾进行清洁焚烧并转化为能源的发电厂，它们通过燃烧垃圾来发电。根据瑞典政府的说法，三吨垃圾中所含的能量相当于一吨燃油所含的能量。不能燃烧的垃圾——废金属、塑料、玻璃和食物残渣——被重新利用或回收。 瑞典的垃圾转化能源发电厂可燃烧的垃圾比该国产生的垃圾还要多。因此，瑞典政府现在从英国、挪威、意大利和爱尔兰等其他欧洲国家进口垃圾。瑞典每年要进口80万吨的垃圾来发电。这种情况皆大欢喜——对瑞典来说是件好事，而对欧洲其他国家来说也减少了要填埋的垃圾。 大众的力量 根据世界银行的数据，非洲每年产生约7 000万吨垃圾。如果垃圾处理不当，就会导致疾病、污染和其他环境问题。 虽然这是一个大问题，但许多当地社区都在想办法处理自己产生的垃圾。在大多数人看来是问题的地方，一些聪明的人看到了机会。在整个非洲大陆，都有企业在解决这个问题。例如，一家南非公司利用回收的塑料制造书包；在埃塞俄比亚，旧汽车轮胎和衣服被制成鞋子，销往世界各地。 这些企业不仅仅是在减少垃圾。他们正在生产有用的产品，创造就业机会和赚钱。他们也为其他人树立了一个很好的榜样，告诉他们如何充分利用糟糕的情况。 READING CLUB 2 THE ENVIRONMENT：A LOCAL AND GLOBAL ISSUE [教材原文] In many ways, life has become far more comfortable and convenient in the past few decades<1>. However, this has come at a huge cost<2> to the environment. Here, we look at three of the most serious environmental problems we are currently facing. Air Pollution The main cause of air pollution is the burning of fossil fuels by vehicles<3> and power plants. Other human activities, such as construction and the burning of waste, also contribute to air pollution. The effects on our health can be very serious. According to the World Health Organisation, 2.4 million people die annually<4> from causes directly related to<5> air pollution.Young children, the elderly and people with heart and lung problems suffer the most as a result of this environmental problem. You can easily contribute to reducing air pollution by only using a car to make journeys when it's absolutely necessary. If it isn't, try using public transport instead. Global Warming Global warming is the increase in the temperature of the Earth's near-surface air and oceans. It's caused by the build-up<6> of carbon dioxide and other pollutants<7> in the atmosphere. These trap the Sun's heat and warm up the planet. Over the past 100 years, average temperatures around the world have risen by between 0.5℃ and 1℃. Scientists predict that temperatures will rise by a further 1℃ to 3.5℃ during the 21st century. Global warming has already caused a wide range of<8> problems. Sea levels are rising due to the melting of polar ice sheets. Countries around the world have faced extreme weather conditions, such as hurricanes, floods and heat waves. For example, the south of France and northern Italy experienced extremely heavy rain and 1,000km/h winds in November 2016. Over 200mm of rain fell in just one night. This resulted in the flooding<9> of the River Po near Turin in Italy. Overflowing<10> Landfills Landfills are used for waste disposal in many countries around the world. However, due to the amount of waste our lifestyles produce, these landfills are now reaching full capacity<11>. When this happens, the chances of dangerous chemicals in the waste entering our water supply increase. The amount of waste in landfills in China has risen exponentially over the last decade. In 2005, for instance, landfills in Shanghai contained a little over 6.2 million tonnes of waste, but they now contain 7.9 million tonnes—an increase of nearly 30%. In Hong Kong, it is predicted that the three existing landfills will be full within the next decade. The government is now trying to find alternative<12> waste disposal methods. Some cities, such as Beijing, Shenzhen and Shanghai, among others, are leading the way<13> and have promised to send “zero waste to landfill” by 2020. Apart from<14> the three Rs (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle), some experts have begun advocating<15> the fourth R—Responsibility. They believe that, although recycling waste is effective, the most effective way of solving the problem of overflowing landfills is to encourage people to take responsibility for<16> reducing the waste they produce themselves. [词汇注解] <1>decade/ˈdekeId/n.[C]十年，十年期 <2>at a huge cost 以高昂的代价 at the cost of…以……为代价 <3>vehicle/ˈviːəkl/n.[C]车辆，交通工具 <4>annually/ˈænjʊəlI/adv.一年一次地 annual/ˈænjʊəl/adj.每年的，一年一次的，年度的 <5>(be) related to 与……相关 <6>build-up n．[sing.，U]逐步的增长 <7>pollutant/pəˈluːtənt/n．[C]污染物，污染物质 <8>a wide range of…各种各样的…… ►College students come from a wide range of social, cultural and economic backgrounds.大学生们有着各种各样的社会、文化和经济背景。 <9>flooding/ˈflʌdIŋ/n.[U]洪水泛滥 <10>overflow/ˌəʊvəˈfləʊ/vi.& vt. 漫出，溢出 <11>capacity/kəˈpæsəti/ n. [U][C，usually sing.]容量，容积，容纳能力 <12>alternative/ɔːlˈtɜːnətIv/adj.可供替代的；另类的 n．[C]可供选择的事物 alternative energy 替代能源 <13>lead the way 处于领先地位 <14>apart from 除了……外(还)，此外 ►Apart from their house in London, they also have a villa in Spain. 他们在伦敦有一座房子，此外在西班牙还有一座别墅。 <15>advocate/ˈædvəkeIt/vt. 拥护，支持，提倡 <16>take responsibility for…对……负责 ►We need to take responsibility for our own health. 我们需要对自己的健康负责。 在过去的几十年里，生活在许多方面变得更加舒适和便利。然而，这是以环境为巨大代价得来的。在此，我们来看看我们当前面临的三个最严重的环境问题。 空气污染 空气污染的主要原因是交通工具和发电厂燃烧化石燃料。其他的人类活动，如施工和垃圾焚烧，也造成了空气污染。 空气污染对我们的健康会产生非常严重的影响。根据世界卫生组织的数据，每年有240万人的死亡原因与空气污染直接相关。由于这个环境问题，幼童、老人和有心肺问题的人受害最大。 只在绝对必要时才开车出行，你就可以很容易地为减少空气污染作出贡献。如果不是必要情况，尝试使用公共交通工具代替。 全球变暖 全球变暖是指地球近地表空气和海洋温度的上升。它是由大气中二氧化碳和其他污染物含量的逐步增长造成的。它们吸收了太阳的热量，使地球变暖。 在过去的100年里，全球平均气温上升了0.5摄氏度到1摄氏度。科学家预测，在21世纪，气温将再上升1摄氏度至3.5摄氏度。 全球变暖已经造成了各种各样的问题。由于极地冰盖的融化，海平面正在上升。世界各国都面临着极端气象情况，如飓风、洪水和热浪。例如，2016年11月，法国南部和意大利北部经历了特大暴雨和速度达1 000千米每小时的大风。仅仅一个晚上降雨量就超过了200毫米。这导致了意大利都灵市附近的波河洪水泛滥。 堆满的废物填埋场 世界上许多国家都用废物填埋场来处理垃圾。然而，由于我们的生活方式产生了大量垃圾，这些废物填埋场现在都接近满负荷。当这种情况发生时，垃圾中危险的化学物质进入我们的供水系统的几率就会增加。 在过去的十年里，中国废物填埋场里的垃圾数量呈指数级增长。例如，2005年，上海的废物填埋场内有620多万吨垃圾，但现在有790万吨——增长了近30%。在香港，现有的三个堆填区预计会在未来十年内填满。政府目前正在设法寻找替代的废物处理方法。一些城市，如北京、深圳和上海等，正领先带头，并承诺到2020年实现“零垃圾填埋”。 除了3R(减少、再利用和回收)，一些专家已经开始倡导第四个R——责任。他们认为，虽然回收利用垃圾很有效，但解决堆满的废物填埋场问题最有效的方法是鼓励人们承担起减少自身产生的垃圾的责任。 (教材P40)Last August, city officials interviewed about 500 residents to find out people's attitudes to protecting the environment and what actions they had taken.去年8月，市政府官员采访了大约500位居民来了解人们对保护环境的态度以及他们采取的行动。 attitude n．看法；态度 attitude to/towards对……的态度/看法 have/take a positive attitude to/towards对……持肯定态度 (1)Just as a saying goes, attitude is everything. 正如一句谚语所说，态度决定一切。 (2)We should develop a good attitude to/towards life and lay a firm foundation for our happiness. 我们应该树立良好的生活态度，为我们的幸福奠定坚实的基础。 (3)As a founder of the company, she 　has/takes a very positive attitude to/towards　 her work. 作为公司的创始人，她工作态度非常积极。 (教材P40)Also, the majority of residents had cycled or walked. 另外，大多数居民骑车或步行。 majority n．大多数；多数；多数党；多数派 ①the/a majority of大多数…… in the/a majority占大多数 ②majorn.& v．主修；专业 major in主修……；以……为专业 [提示] the majority作主语时，谓语动词用单复数形式均可；“the/a majority of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数与名词的数一致。 (1)However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be. 然而，大多数人能成为有影响力的演说家，是因为他们受过训练。 (2)In current times, the majority of Chinese people have (have) smart phones. 在当代，大多数中国人都有智能手机。 (3)Just as you can see, boys are in the majority in their class. 正如你所看到的，在他们班上，男孩占了大多数。 (4)Though she liked performance, she majored in maths and physics at university. 尽管她喜欢表演，但是她在大学期间主修数学和物理。 (教材P40)More than half of those who took part in the survey had done four of the five activities in the past month.有超过一半参与调查的人完成了上个月80%的活动。 take part (in) 参加 take an active part in积极参加 play an important part (in)扮演重要角色；起重要作用 (1)An exhibition was held the other day, but few people took part.几天前举行了一次展览会，但是参加的人不多。 (2)He takes an active part in the social non-profit activities. 他积极参加社会非营利活动。 (3)As we all know, friends play an important part in our lives.众所周知，朋友在我们的生活中起着重要的作用。 (教材P40)…and more than two thirds(70%) had tried to cut back on the use of disposable packaging………并且超过三分之二(70%)的调查者已经尝试缩减使用一次性包装…… cut back on 削减，缩减 cut down 砍倒；减少；压缩 cut in 插嘴 cut up 切碎；使痛心 cut off 切断；中断(通话，联系)；停止(水、电、气)供应 cut out 切掉；删掉 (1)Thanks for noticing.I cut back on desserts and lost ten pounds.谢谢你能注意到。我少吃一些点心，就减了十磅。 (2)He tried to cut down on smoking but without firm determination he failed. 他试图少抽烟，但没有坚定的决心，他失败了。 (3)It is impolite for children to cut in when their seniors are talking. 孩子们在他们的长辈谈话时插嘴是不礼貌的。 (4)Cut up the carrots before you put them into the container. 把胡萝卜切碎后再放进容器里面。 (5)With the main highway cut off , the residents there couldn't connect to the rest of the country. 随着主要公路被切断，那里的居民跟这个国家的其他地方没有任何的联系。 (6)My proposal is that you cut out the unimportant details. 我的建议是你删除这些不重要的细节。 (教材P43)Even though the nation produces around four and a half million tonnes of household waste each year, less than 1% of that waste ends up in landfills.尽管瑞典每年产生约450万吨家庭垃圾，但只有不到1%的垃圾最终进入了垃圾填埋场。 句型：even though引导的让步状语从句 ①even though意为“即使；尽管；虽然”，引导让步状语从句，相当于even if，如果主句使用一般将来时，从句常用一般现在时来代替将来时，并且可用省略形式。 ②as if/though用于引导方式状语从句或表语从句，意为“仿佛；好像”。当从句表达的意义与客观事实相符时，从句使用陈述语气；当从句表达的意义与客观事实不符时，从句使用虚拟语气。 (1)(2023·全国乙写作)Even though I will not pursue (it) as my life career, I will still continue learning and playing the piano as my hobby.尽管我不会将(弹钢琴)作为终身事业去追求，但我依然会继续学习，继续将弹钢琴当作我的爱好。 (2)Even if/though he knows the striking secret, he'll not let it out. 即使他知道这个惊人的秘密，他也不会泄露的。 (3)There are more and more black clouds in the sky.It looks as if it is going to rain .天空中有越来越多的乌云。看起来好像要下雨了。 (4)He acts as if/as though he were an expert.他表现得就像一个专家。 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．She shows a very positive attitude to her work and keeps a balance between her work and family. 2．Mandarin is the official language of our country and many foreigners are learning it. 3．My proposal is that you keep what's left in a covered container (容器) in the fridge. 4．When burnt, plastic (塑料的) containers produce dangerous by-products. 5．What percentage (百分比) of the earth is covered by oceans? 6．The majority (大多数) of people seem to prefer comedy to opera. 7．The meeting which was held monthly will be held annually (每年)． 8．The rivers overflowed (溢出) their banks and it seems that a flooding will happen. 9．As an ordinary woman with two children, I work in a company which sells footwear (鞋类) to support my family. 10．The flooding (水灾), caused by three days of heavy rain, is the worst in sixty-five years. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．But now it seems that I have become a member of the band. 2．Even if/though we all tried our best, we lost the game and our emotion was down. 3．Our country is a traditional agricultural society, with a majority of farming population. 4．People now take a more positive attitude 　to/towards　 tourism, and regard it as a lifestyle. 5．The food prices are going up, so we will cut back on the use of some expensive vegetables. 6．He raised his glass and indicated that I should do the same. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$