UNIT 4 Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures（Word教参）-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册（人教版2024）

Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures 动词不定式作定语和状语 1．(教材P40)Today, scientists design vehicles to carry (carry) astronauts into space to make (make) important discoveries. 2．(教材P40)Space exploration has come a long way, and we now hope to discover other planets that are suitable enough to support (support) life. 3．(教材P41)On 23 July 2020, China sent Tianwen 1 to explore (explore) the surface of Mars. 4．Thanks to your encouragement, I finally got the chance to face (face) the challenge. 5．My ambition is to work (work) for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up. [自我感知] 1．句1、2、3为动词不定式作 状语 。 2．句4为动词不定式作 定语 。 3．句5为动词不定式作 表语 。 一、动词不定式的特征与构成 动词不定式由“to＋动词原形”构成。这里的to是不定式标志，无意义，有时可省略。其否定形式为“not＋动词不定式”。不定式既有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能，又有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用。动词不定式在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。 以do为例，动词不定式的时态和语态构成如下： 主动语态 被动语态 意义 一般时 to do to be done 表示动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后 完成时 to have done to have been done 表示动作发生在谓语动作之前 进行时 to be doing 表示谓语动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行 完成 进行时 to have been doing 表示动作发生在谓语动作之前且一直持续到谓语动作发生时仍在进行 ►My father has decided to cut out smoking. 我父亲已经决定戒烟了。 ►The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance. 明天要举行的会议很重要。 ►I'm very sorry to have kept you sitting around doing nothing. 让你一直无所事事闲坐着，我感到很抱歉。 ►The little boy pretended to be reading the book when his teacher entered the classroom. 当他的老师走进教室时小男孩假装正在读书。 [即时训练1]——单句语法填空 (1)I am really honoured to be invited (invite) to attend this global meeting. (2) To finish (finish) the task on time, we worked day and night. (3)I want to have a separate room to live (live) in. (4)Do you have the ability to read (read) and write English? 二、动词不定式作定语 1．动词不定式常常放在抽象名词attempt, ability, courage, chance, desire, determination, decision, effort, plan, way或不定代词something, nothing等后面作后置定语。 ►We must have the courage to face the challenge. 我们必须有面对挑战的勇气。 ►Do you have anything to say? 你有什么要说的吗？ 2．动词不定式常用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定的中心词。 ►They are always the first to bear hardships, the last to enjoy comforts. 他们总是吃苦在前，享乐在后。 ►It is recognized that he is the best man to do the job.人们公认他是做这项工作的最佳人选。 3．构成动词不定式的动词与被修饰词之间的关系 (1)主谓关系：被修饰词是动词不定式动作的发出者。此时的动词不定式在意义上相当于一个定语从句。 ►We need someone to help with the work. ＝We need someone that can help with the work. 我们需要有人来帮忙做这项工作。 (2)动宾关系：被修饰词是动词不定式动作的承受者。 ►There are many interesting things to see there.那里有许多有趣的东西可以看。 【特别注意】 ①不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词。如果不定式修饰time/place/way可以省略介词。 ►He found a good house to live in. 他找到了一个适宜居住的好房子。 ►The child has nothing to worry about. 这个孩子无忧无虑。 ►He has no place to live.他无处安身。 ②如果不定式所修饰的名词是不定式动作的承受者，不定式可用主动式也可用被动式，但含义有所不同。 ►Have you got anything to send? 你要送什么东西吗？ (send的发出者是you) ►Have you got anything to be sent? 你有什么东西需要送吗？ (send的发出者是其他人) ③动词不定式和所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，并且句子中有名词或代词可以充当该动词不定式的逻辑主语时，要用动词不定式的主动形式表达被动含义；若句子中没有名词或代词可以充当该动词不定式的逻辑主语时，则用动词不定式的被动形式。 ►There are five pairs to choose from, but I'm at a loss which to buy.有五双可以选择，但是我不知道该买哪一个。(choose from 与pairs之间有逻辑上的动宾关系， to choose from的逻辑主语是I) ►His first book to be published next month is based on a true story.他下个月将要出版的第一本书是根据真实故事改编的。(publish与book之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，且句子中无动词不定式的逻辑主语) (3)修饰关系：动词不定式对所修饰的词起到补充、说明的作用。这些被修饰词一般为wish, way, chance, ability, decision, attempt, reason等。 ►You should grasp the ability to solve the complex problems. 你应该掌握解决复杂问题的能力。 ►There are varieties of ways to make others laugh.有很多方法逗人们笑。 [提示] 动词不定式作定语有时也表示一种将来的动作。 ►We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday.我们受邀参加下周五在我们俱乐部举办的派对。 [即时训练2]——单句语法填空 (1)(2024·新课标Ⅰ)In the race to document (document) the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. (2)He is so a boy that he must have enough courage to overcome (overcome) the difficulty. (3)The airport to be completed (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. (4)The ability to express (express) an idea is as important as the idea itself. 三、动词不定式作状语 (1)不定式作原因状语，多用在某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”等的形容词后。 ►I'm very glad to be invited to attend the meeting.我很高兴被邀请参加这个会议。 (2)不定式作目的状语，可与so as to/in order to替换，但so as to一般不可置于句首。 ►To/In order to catch the early bus, I got up early this morning. →I got up early this morning to/in order to/so as to catch the early bus. 为了赶早班车，我今天早上起得很早。 (3)动词不定式作结果状语，常表示“令人意想不到”的结果。动词不定式前有时可以加上only或but only，以加强语气。 ►I went to see him, only to learn that he had left the city the night before. 我去看他，却得知他已经在前夜离开了这个城市。 [提示] 动词不定式作结果状语，常用于一些特定的结构中： ►She is so proud as to look down upon others. 她如此骄傲以至于看不起别人。 ►We are not old enough to vote and to be voted. 我们太小还不能选举和被选举。 [即时训练3]——单句语法填空 (1)(2024·新课标Ⅰ)These sepals(萼片) open on warm days to give (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. (2)(2024·新课标Ⅱ)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed to find (find) the connection between the two great writers. (3)The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy to watch (watch) anything that happened to be on. (4)George returned after the war, only to be told (tell) that his wife had left him. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．It is important to know (know) the body language of the country you will visit to avoid misunderstanding. 2．It's no use complaining (complain), and you should take action to avoid greater loss. 3．One of his ambitions when he was young was to become (become) a famous lawyer. 4．I was surprised to see (see) that a three-year-old child could write so well. 5．The building to be built (build) next month will be our teaching building. 6．The manager asked Robert to take (take) charge of the big project though he was not experienced. 7．When you go to a foreign country, you will spend some time recovering (recover) from culture shock. 8．The great inventor made it possible for everyone to use (use) the new technology, not just universities and the army. 9． To see (see) is to believe.I won't believe it until I see it with my own eyes. 10．My decision is to set (set) up my own website after graduation from university. 11．The people came to the restaurant after work, only to find (find) that it was being . 12．It is difficult for us to imagine (imagine) his accepting the decision without any consideration. 13．Once his message was delivered, he allowed me to stay (stay) and watch. 14．A lack of concentration seriously affects their ability to study (study) and thus their test results. 15．Do you know who is the first person to climb (climb) the tallest mountain in the world? Ⅱ.句型转换 1．It is time that we took measures to improve air quality. →It is time for us to take measures to improve air quality. 2．It is said that Mrs Yang has finished her third book about teenagers. →Mrs Yang is said to have finished her third book about teenagers. 3．Bob was so frightened that he didn't say a word before so many people. →Bob was too frightened to say a word before so many people. 4．It seems that the guide is talking with some guests from the United States. →The guide seems to be talking with some guests from the United States. 5．The workers spent more than three years completing the high-speed railway. →It took the workers more than three years to complete the high-speed railway. (教材P42)In space, astronauts collect all dirty water so as to recycle it for later use.在太空中，宇航员收集所有的脏水，以便将来回收利用。 so as to　为了……；以便…… ①in order to “为了……”，既可以置于句首，又可置于句中； ②so as to “为了……”，只可置于句中，不可置于句首； ③in order that “为了……”，引导目的状语从句，从句中的谓语动词前常带may, might, can, could等情态动词。 We rushed through the last few design drawings so as to go home early. 我们赶紧把最后几份设计图纸完成以便早点回家。 [习作练笔]——一句多译 为了丰富我们的校园生活，我们学校于上周日组织了一次5千米的越野跑比赛。 ① In order to enrich our campus life , our school organized a 5km cross-country running race last Sunday. ②Our school organized a 5km cross-country running race last Sunday in order to/so as to enrich our campus life . ③Our school organized a 5km cross-country running race last Sunday so that/in order that we could enrich our campus life . (教材P42)Astronauts' bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise every day, which will help them stay healthy. 由于缺乏重力，宇航员的骨骼和肌肉在太空中会变得非常脆弱，所以他们需要每天锻炼，这将有助于他们保持健康。 lack　n．缺乏；短缺　vt.没有；缺乏 ①for lack of　由于缺乏…… (a) lack of 缺少…… ②lacking adj.短缺的；缺乏的 be lacking in sth 缺少某物 They lack physical exercise and the skill to communicate with their friends face to face. 他们缺乏体能锻炼和面对面与朋友交际的能力。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities for lack of space. (2)Though lacking (lack) money, his parents managed to send him to a university. (3)Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached. [习作练笔]——补全句子 (4)由于缺乏烹饪经验，这对双胞胎把厨房弄得乱七八糟。 ① For lack of cooking experience , the twins made the kitchen in a mess.(lack n．) ②Because they lacked cooking experience , the twins made the kitchen in a mess.(lack v．) ③Because they were lacking in cooking experience , the twins made the kitchen in a mess.(lacking) (教材P42)Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise. 宇航员在太空工作时必须用胶带把所有东西粘在一起，否则所有东西都会飘走。 otherwise　adv.否则；要不然 otherwise/or有时表示一种含蓄的虚拟条件，此时其后的句子要用虚拟语气。 We didn't know you were in trouble at that time, otherwise we would have given you a hand. 我们当时不知道你遇到了困难，要不然我们会帮助你的。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)The workers were not better organized，otherwise they would have finished (finish) the task in half the time. (2)Work hard, otherwise/or you will find it hard to adapt to life in the future. (3)这个孩子身无分文又饥肠辘辘地站在路边要饭，否则他就会饿死。 Penniless and starving , the child stood near the road and begged for a meal, otherwise he would starve to death . (教材P42)For example, using current technology, it would take over two years to get to the closest planet, Mars, and back. 例如，使用当前的技术，到达最近的行星——火星后再返回将需要花费两年多的时间。 句型：It takes/took sb some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间。 ①It takes/took sb some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间。 ②sb spends…on sth/in doing sth ＝sth costs sb… ＝sb pays…for sth某人为某物花费…… It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a dusty track covered in weeds. 沿着布满杂草的尘土飞扬的小路，我只花了几分钟就走到了学校。 [习作练笔]——补全句子/句型转换 (1)就我而言，任何人要熟悉一个新地方都需要时间。 As far as I'm concerned, it takes time for anyone to get familiar with a new place. (2)To understand the meaning of the painting by Picasso takes me quite a long time. → It takes me quite a long time to understand the meaning of the painting by Picasso. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$