UNIT 4 Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking（Word教参）-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册（人教版2024）

Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking 教材助读7 SPACE: THE FINAL FRONTIER1 “Are we alone? What's out there？” People have always looked up at2 the stars and wondered about space.Today, scientists design vehicles3 to carry astronauts into space to make important discoveries.Space exploration has come a long way4， and we now hope to discover other planets that are suitable5 enough to support life. Before the mid-20th century, most people felt ①travelling into space was only a dream that could never come true.However, scientists were determined6 to realise that dream.After many experiments, they succeeded in7 making rockets that could escape Earth's gravity.On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite8 was launched9 by the USSR and successfully orbited10 around Earth.Afterwards, the USSR focused on sending people into space, and ②on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space.Over eight years later, on 20 July 1969, American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon, famously saying, “That's one small step for [a] man, one giant11 leap12 for mankind13．” ③Following this, there were many more important space achievements.For example, on 5September 1977, America's NASA space agency14 launched Voyager 1 to study deep space, and it still transmits15 data16 to this day.And the International Space Station (1998) has provided a continuous human presence in space, with astronauts from many different countries on board. ①句中travelling into space为v.-ing短语作主语。 ②句中to enter space为动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰the first person。当名词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时，常用动词不定式作后置定语。 ③句中Following this为v.-ing短语作伴随状语，follow和句中主语在逻辑上是主谓关系。 Although scientists try to make sure17 nothing goes wrong18， accidents can still happen.For example, all the astronauts on the Soyuz 11, Challenger, and Columbia spacecrafts died during their missions19．However, while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment20， the desire21 to explore the universe did not die.④This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on22 space exploration despite23 the huge risks. ④句中because引导表语从句，位于系动词之后，用于强调原因。 China's space programme started later than those of Russia and the US, but it has made great progress24 in a short time.⑤China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003, when Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft25．Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk26， followed by the vehicle Jade27 Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface.On 23 July 2020，China sent Tianwen 1 to explore the surface of Mars.It arrived in February 2021 and then sent back28 lots of valuable information.And from 2021 to 2022, China completed a number of rocket missions to establish29 its own space station.In 2022, the launch of the Mengtian module30 signaled31 the basic completion of the Tiangong Space Station.This modern space station will allow astronauts to conduct32 many important experiments, greatly furthering our understanding of the universe. ⑤句中when引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词2003。 The future of space exploration remains bright.Many countries have plans to further33 study planets like Mars and Jupiter.Despite the difficulties, scientists hope to make more valuable discoveries that will enable the human race to survive well into the future. 1frontier n．边境；国界；边远地区 2look up at抬头看 3vehicle n．交通工具；车辆 4come a long way 有长足进步，有极大发展 5be suitable to do sth适合做某事 6determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的 determine vt.查明；确定；决定 7succeed in doing sth成功地做某事 8satellite n．人造卫星；卫星 9launch vt.& n．发射；发起；上市 10orbit n．(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围 vt.& vi.沿轨道运行；环绕……运行 11giant adj.巨大的；伟大的 n．巨人；巨兽；伟人 12leap n．跳跃；剧增；剧变 vi.& vt.跳过；跃过 13mankind n．人类 14agency n. (政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处 ※agent n．代理人；代理商 15transmit vt.& vi.传输；发送 ※transmission n．输送；传送 16data n. [pl.]资料；数据 17make sure确保；保证 18go wrong出错；出故障 19mission n．任务 20disappointment n．失望；沮丧 21desire n．渴望；欲望 vt.渴望；期望 22carry on继续做，坚持干 23despite prep.尽管；虽然 24make great progress 取得巨大进步 25spacecraft n．航天器；宇宙飞船 26spacewalk n．太空行走 27jade n．玉；翡翠；玉器 28send back 发回；传回 29establish v．建立 30module n．舱；组件；模块 31signal vt.&vi.标志着；标明；发信号 n．信号；标志 32conduct v．实施；进行 33further v．促进；推动；增进 太空：最后的边境 “我们是孤家寡人吗？外面还有什么呢？人们一直仰望星空，对太空充满好奇。今天，科学家设计出飞行器，将宇航员送往太空，去做重大的发现。今天，人类太空探索已经获得极大的发展，我们现在希望发现能够维持生命存在的其他行星。 二十世纪中叶之前，大部分人认为在太空旅行是一个永远无法实现的梦。然而，有些科学家下定决心要实现这一梦想。无数次实验之后，他们终于成功研制出能够摆脱地心引力的火箭。1957年10月4日，“旅伴一号”人造卫星在苏联发射升空，并成功环绕地球运行。之后，苏联专注于载人太空飞行。1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上进入太空的第一人。八年后，美国宇航员尼尔·阿姆斯特朗于1969年7月20日踏上月球，说出了那句名言：“对一个人来说，这是一小步；对人类来说，这是一大步。”此后，人类取得了更多的重大太空探索成就。例如，为了研究外太空，美国国家航空航天局于1977年9月5日发射“旅行者一号”，该探测器至今仍在传回数据。1998年建成的国际空间站使得人类可以持续在太空中开展工作，来自不同国家的宇航员已经在它上面了。 虽然科学家们极力确保万无一失，但事故仍时有发生。例如，“联盟11号”“挑战者号”以及“哥伦比亚号”的宇航员们在执行任务时全部遇难。然而，虽然这些悲剧使人倍感伤心与失望，但是，(人类)探索宇宙的愿望未曾磨灭。这是因为尽管风险巨大，人类还是坚信太空探索极为重要。 中国的太空项目起步晚于俄罗斯和美国，但在短时间内发展迅速。2003年，杨利伟乘坐“神舟五号”宇宙飞船成功环绕地球飞行，中国成为世界上第三个能够独立将人类送入太空的国家。之后，“神舟六号”和“神舟七号”分别完成了第二次载人环绕地球飞行和中国人的第一次太空漫步。紧接着，“玉兔号”月球车飞抵月球，开展月球表面研究。2020年7月23日，中国发射“天问一号”探索火星的表面。它于2021年2月到达火星并传回大量有价值的信息。从2021到2022年，中国完成了许多火箭发射项目，来建立自己的太空空间站。2022年，梦天实验舱的成功发射标志着天宫空间站的基本建成。这一现代化的空间站将允许宇航员进行很多重要的实验，极大地促进我们对宇宙的了解。 太空探索的未来仍然是光明的。许多国家都已制订计划，将进一步研究和探索火星、木星等行星。尽管困难重重，科学家们希望能做出更多有价值的发现让我们延续生存，直到未来。 Ⅰ.明主旨大意 What's the main idea of the text? A．To introduce the development of human's space exploration. B．To describe how difficult and dangerous space exploration is. C．To encourage people to respect scientists. D．To compare the space programmes between the US and China. 答案　A Ⅱ.绘层次结构 Read the text (P40～41), then choose the best answer. 1．Which satellite was launched by the USSR in 1957? A．Shenzhou 5.　 B．The Sputnik 1. C．Voyager 1. D．The USSR's Soyuz 11. 答案　B 2．Who was the first person in the world to go into space? A．Yang Liwei. B．Neil Armstrong. C．Yuri Gagarin. D．Liu Yang. 答案　C 3．What does the author want to tell us in the fourth paragraph? A．China has invested too much in space exploration. B．The Shenzhou 5 spacecraft is the first to take man into space. C．Chang'e 4 and spacemen have landed on the moon. D．China has made rapid progress in exploring space. 答案　D 4．What's the attitude to the space exploration according to the author? A．Supportive.　　　　 B．Neutral. C．Objective. D．Negative. 答案　A Ⅰ.解决长难句 1．China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003, when Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft. 此句为主从复合句。句中“when Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft”为 定语 从句，修饰先行词2003；“to independently send humans into space in 2003”为动词不定式短语作 定语 。 [翻译]　 2003年，杨利伟搭乘“神舟五号”飞船成功环绕地球轨道飞行，中国成为世界上第三个独立将人类送入太空的国家。 2．Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk, followed by the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface. 本句为主从复合句。句中“followed by the vehicle Jade Rabbit”为过去分词短语作 状语 ；“being sent to the moon”为v.-ing短语作 后置定语 ；“to study its surface”为动词不定式短语作目的状语。 [翻译]　 之后，“神舟六号”和“神舟七号”分别完成了第二次载人环绕地球飞行和中国人的第一次太空漫步。紧接着，“玉兔号”月球车飞抵月球，开展月球表面研究。 3．Despite the difficulties, scientists hope to make more valuable discoveries that will enable the human race to survive well into the future. 此句为主从复合句。句中“Despite the difficulties”为介词短语作 状语 ；“that will enable the human race to…”为that引导的 定语 从句，修饰discoveries。 [翻译]　　尽管困难重重，科学家们希望能做出更多有价值的发现让我们延续生存，直到未来。　 Ⅱ.课文语法填空 People have always wanted to learn more about space. Before the mid-20th century, most people felt 1. travelling (travel) into space was an impossible dream. However, 2. with the help of scientists, people succeeded in realizing their dream 3. to explore (explore) space. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite 4. was launched (launch) by the USSR. 5. Although/Though scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen. These disasters made everyone 6. disappointed (disappoint), but people still believe in the importance of 7. carrying (carry) on space exploration. In 2003, China became the third country to 8. independently (independent) send humans into space. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed 9. a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk. In spite of the difficulties, scientists hope future 10. discoveries (discovery) will enable the human race to survive well into the future. (教材P40)However, scientists were determined to realise that dream. 然而，一些科学家下定决心要实现这一梦想。 determined　adj.有决心的；意志坚定的；坚决的 ①be determined to do sth 决心做某事(表示状态) ②determine vt.决定；确定；查明 determine to do sth决定做某事 determine on/upon (doing)…决定(做)…… determine that…决定…… ③determination n.决心，决定 I'm determined to move to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than that in the city.我决心搬到农村，因为那里的空气比城市的清新得多。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)Sandra was determined to become (become) a doctor and her persistence paid off. (2)It is his determination (determine) and patience that have enabled him to achieve his goal. [习作练笔]——一句多译 (3)随着母亲节的临近，双胞胎决定为他们深爱的母亲准备一顿美味的早餐。 ①With Mother's Day drawing near, the twins were determined to prepare a delicious breakfast for their beloved mother. ②With Mother's Day approaching, the twins determined to prepare a delicious breakfast for their beloved mother. ③With Mother's Day around the corner, the twins determined on/upon preparing a delicious breakfast for their beloved mother. (教材P40)On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite was launched by the USSR and successfully orbited around Earth. 1957年10月4日，“旅伴一号”人造卫星在苏联发射升空，并成功环绕地球运行。 launch　vt.& n．发射；发起；上市 launch a campaign　发起一项运动 launch a satellite 发射一颗卫星 A national public campaign should be launched to give animals a good living environment. 应该发起一场全国性的公众运动，给动物一个良好的生活环境。 [习作练笔]——补全句子 政府发起了一场运动来提高人们关注我们传统文化的意识。 The government launched a campaign to raise people's awareness of paying attention to our traditional cultures. (教材P40)And the International Space Station (1998) has provided a continuous human presence in space, with astronauts form many different countries on board.1998年建成的国际空间站使得人类可以持续在太空中开展工作，来自不同国家的宇航员已经在它上面了。 on board　在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上 aboardprep.& adv.在(船、飞机、火车或公共汽车)上；上(船、飞机、火车等) on board＝aboard在船上；在飞机上 go/get aboard (the ship/plane/train)上(船/飞机/火车) As soon as I was on board the ship, I killed time by reading newspapers. 我一上船就看报纸来消磨时间。 [习作练笔]——一句多译 六个月前，她告别了她在中国的家人和朋友，登上了飞往伦敦的飞机。 ①Six months ago she said goodbye to her family and friends in China and went on board a plane for London. ②Six months ago she said goodbye to her family and friends in China and went aboard a plane for London. (教材P41)Mankind is exploring space in the hope of finding out more about the universe. 人类正在探索太空，希望能更多地了解宇宙。 in the hope of doing sth　抱着……的希望 ①beyond hope　毫无希望 in the hope that… 希望…… ②hope to do sth 希望做某事 hope that… 希望…… She went to the interview in the hope of getting a job.她去参加面试，希望能找到一份工作。 [习作练笔]——一句多译 我写这封信，希望说服你不要再沉迷于线上游戏。 ①I am writing the letter in the hope of arguing you out of being addicted to online games. ②I am writing the letter 　in the hope that I can argue you　 out of being addicted to online games. (教材P41)However, while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment, the desire to explore the universe did not die. 然而，虽然这些悲剧使人倍感伤心与失望，但是，(人类)探索宇宙的愿望未曾磨灭。 句型：while引导让步状语从句 ①while意为“虽然、尽管”，引导让步状语从句(从句常置于句首)； ②while意为“然而、而”，作并列连词用，表示对比或转折； ③while意为“当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句。 [语义感知]——写出下列句中while的含义 (1)He was fishing while his kids were having a swim. 而 (2)It's our duty to protect the environment while we aim for economic development. 当……时 (3)While the Internet is of great help to us, I don't think it is a good habit to be addicted to it. 尽管 [习作练笔]——补全句子 (4)尽管旅游能够增长见识，但是我认为你不应该在这方面花费太多的时间和金钱。 While travelling can broaden your mind , I don't think it's a good idea to spend too much time and money on it. disappointment　n．失望；沮丧 ①to one's disappointment使某人感到失望的是 in disappointment＝disappointedly失望地 ②disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的 be disappointed at/by sth因某事感到失望 be disappointed with sb对某人感到失望 be disappointed to do sth做某事感到失望 ③disappoint vt.使失望 disappointing adj.令人失望的 He was disappointed to find his suggestion turned down.他失望地发现他的建议被拒绝了。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (5) Disappointed (disappoint) at failing in the math exam, John wouldn't like to talk about it to his parents. (6)When hearing the disappointing news that he was banned from driving, the old man was very disappointed .(disappoint) [习作练笔]——一句多译 (7)令我非常失望的是，我父亲总是让我上交我所挣的所有的钱。 ① To my great disappointment , my father would always make me hand in all the money I earned. ②I was very disappointed that my father would always make me hand in all the money I earned. ③ What disappointed me most/What made me most disappointed was that my father would always make me hand in all the money I earned.(what引导的主语从句) desire　n．渴望；欲望　vt.渴望；期望 ①have a desire for sth想得到某物 have a desire to do sth想要做某事 have a desire that…(should) do想要……做某事 ②desire (sb) to do sth想要(某人)做某事 desire that…(should) do…渴望……(应该)做…… Learning that you desire to learn tai chi, I am delighted to invite you to join in our online tai chi course.得知你想学习太极，我很高兴邀请你参加我们的网络太极课程。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (8)She has no desire for the life in the city because she can't adapt to the fast pace of the life there. (9)We desire that immediate help (should) be given (give) to the local villagers who have been trapped by the flood. [习作练笔]——一句多译 (10)每个人都渴望成功，而成功只属于努力的人。 ①Everyone has a desire for success while success only belongs to the hard-working people.(desire n．) ②Everyone desires to succeed while success only belongs to the hard-working people.(desire v．) (教材P41)This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.这是因为尽管存在巨大的风险，人们依旧相信进行太空探索的重要性。 carry on　继续做，坚持干 carry on with (doing) sth　继续(做)某事(相当于go on) carry out 执行；实施 We carry on doing a lot of exercises after finishing the homework. 完成家庭作业后我们继续做大量的练习。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)Having read stories of Lin Qiaozhi, the girl was to carry on with her good work. (2)First of all, the most important thing is to set a goal, work out a plan and carry out your plan step by step. [习作练笔]——词汇升级 (3)If you continue working like that, you will break down sooner or later.(升级加黑词汇) carry on (教材P41)In 2022, the launch of the Mengtian module signaled the basic completion of the Tiangong Space Station.2022年，梦天实验舱的成功发射标志着天宫空间站的基本建成。 signal　vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号 n．信号；标志 ①signal (to) sb to do sth示意某人做某事 signal (sb) that… 示意(某人)…… ②traffic signals 交通信号灯 send out a signal 发出信号 The bird's singing served as a signal of the arrival of spring.鸟儿的歌声是春天到来的信号。 [融会练通]——单句语法填空 (1)She signalled (signal) that she was about to turn left. (2)The policeman signalled the driver to stop (stop) his car by raising his hand. [习作练笔]——补全句子 (3)正月十五是元宵节，标志着春节庆祝活动的结束。 The Lantern Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, signaling the end of the Spring Festival celebrations . 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$