内容正文:
课时作业(八) 语言运用专项
(建议用时:20分钟)
Ⅰ.完形填空
It took humans thousands of years to understand our own planet, and centuries to 1 our neighboring planets.Nowadays, new worlds are being 2 every week.
Up to the present time, astronomers have 3 more than 370 “exoplanets”—planets outer space stars(恒星) other than our sun.There is a “hot Saturn(土星)” 260 light years from Earth that orbits its parent star so 4 that a year there lasts less than three days. 5 another star 150 light years out is a burning “hot Jupiter(木星)”, where upper is being burning to form a huge comet-like tail.Astronomers have found another three 6 orbiting a pulsar(脉冲星)—the remains of a once huge star shrinking(收缩) into a small atomic nucleus—the 7 of a city.Some planets have obviously fallen into their suns.Others have been thrown out of their 8 to become “floaters” that float in the darkness of the universe.
Among all these, scientists are eager to find a clue of the 9 : planets like the Earth.That is, planets orbiting their stars at just the right distance—neither too hot nor too cold—to 10 life as we know it.We have not yet found planets that are quite like our own, 11 because they're inconspicuous(不起眼的).To see a planet as 12 and slim as ours among the brightness of its star is like trying to see a firefly in a fireworks display. 13 by pushing technology to the 14 , astronomers are rapidly approaching the day when they can find another Earth.And when they do, they can examine it for 15 of life.
1.A.r explore B.separate
C.forget D.
2.A.r revised B.discovered
C.saved D.created
3.A.travelled B.damaged
C.recognized D.ignored
4.A.slowly B.
C.wrongly D.rapidly
5.A.Removing B.Circling
C.Lighting D.Showing
6.A.stars B.moons
C.planets D.
7.A.type B.distance
C.power D.size
8.A.authorities B.species
C.systems D.facilities
9.A.familiar B.previous
C.unknown D.
10.A. B.discover
C.injure D.support
11.A.luckily B.instantly
C.probably D.
12.A.small B.bright
C.blue D.clear
13.A.And B.Yet
C.So D.Thus
14.A.limits B.ends
C.opposites D.beginnings
15.A.examples B.
C. D.signs
语篇导读 主题语境:人与自然/地球与宇宙奥秘探索。本文为说明文,介绍了除地球外的其他“系外行星”并介绍了人类为了寻找与地球相似的行星所做出的努力。
1.答案 A
解析 根据下文介绍了我们邻近的星球可知,此处指花了数百年的时间探索(explore)我们邻近的星球,有探索才有发现。separate分离;forget忘记;launch发射。
2.答案 B
解析 根据new worlds可知,随着人类的不断探索,应该是有新的世界被发现(discover)。revise修改,复习;save拯救;create创造。
3.答案 C
解析 根据下文列举介绍的其他系外行星及结合选项可知,此处应指识别(recognize)行星。travel旅行;damage损坏;ignore忽视。
4.答案 D
解析 根据下文提到在那里一年的持续时间不到三天可知,速度应是很快的(rapidly)。slowly慢速地;independently独立地;wrongly错误地。
5.答案 B
解析 根据上文的orbiting可知,此处指环绕(circle)150光年外的另一颗恒星移动的是一颗燃烧的“热木星”。remove移动;light点燃;show展示。
6.答案 C
解析 根据上文exoplanets可知,本段介绍的是“系外行星”,因此句中指另外三颗围绕脉冲星运行的行星(planet)。star恒星;moon月亮;satellite人造卫星。
7.答案 D
解析 根据上文的huge可知,此处介绍的是恒星的大小(size)。type类型;distance距离;power权力,能力。
8.答案 C
解析 根据下文成为“漂浮者”可知,它们应是被赶出了所在的系统(system)。authority权力,权威;species物种;facility设施。
9.答案 A
解析 根据句中planets like the Earth可知,找到“像地球这样的行星”对我们来说应该是一条熟悉的(familiar)线索。previous以前的;unknown未知的;shallow肤浅的。
10.答案 D
解析 根据上文可知,既不太热也不太冷的条件应该是能支持(support)人类生存的。determine查明,确定;discover发现;injure伤害。
11.答案 C
解析 空处是推测的原因,故应用probably。luckily幸运地;instantly立即;regularly定期地,经常。
12.答案 A
解析 句意:在明亮的星光中看到一颗像我们这样又小(small)又细的行星,就像试图在烟花表演中看到一只萤火虫。根据空后说像烟花表演中的萤火虫似的不易看到可知,此处指又小又细的行星在明亮星光中不起眼。bright明亮的;blue蓝色的;clear清楚的。
13.答案 B
解析 上下文为转折关系,上文说我们还没有发现与我们自己的行星非常相似的行星,下文说天文学家正在迅速接近找到另一个地球的那一天,由此可知,应用连词yet,表转折。
14.答案 A
解析 根据句意和生活常识可知,应该是随着技术的发展,天文学家有可能找到另一个地球,由此可知,句中指将技术推向极限(limit)。end结尾; opposite对立面;beginning开端。
15.答案 D
解析 根据上文说科学家们在找与地球类似的星球可知,此处指他们要检查那些星球是否有生命迹象(sign)。example例子;data数据;pattern模式。
Ⅱ.语法填空
The Voyager Program was conceived as a grand tour of the .It was actually 1. engineer in the Jet Propulsion Laboratory that realized in the late 1970s there was going to be a 2. (gold) opportunity.And that was 3. the planets were all going to more or less line up on one side of the sun.And that's really important when you're trying to explore one planet after another, because of course all the planets in the solar system are 4. ().Sometimes we're on, say, the same side of the sun as Jupiter is 5. sometimes Jupiter is away on the other side of the sun from us, you know, many, many, many billions of miles away.So, there was this time coming in the late 1970s 6. you could a and it could actually go to Jupiter, but then onto Saturn, because they were both on the same side of the sun, and you could even possibly get to Uranus and Neptune and maybe even Pluto.
The fly-by trips 7. (involve) the four planets became known as the Voyager “Grand Tour.” And this was the Voyager program: Voyager Ⅰ and Voyager Ⅱ.NASA officials have said that when first 8. (launch), the Voyager mission was expected to last five years.Both Voyagers are the only spacecraft so far 9. (explore) interstellar(星际的) space.And over the last couple of years, we 10. (follow) them through this transition truly out of the range of our solar system.
语篇导读 主题语境:人与自然/宇宙探索。本文为说明文。旅行者计划利用罕见的行星排列,实施了一次太阳系内多行星接力探索,旅行者一号和二号相继造访木星甚至冥王星,并成为首例进入星际空间的探测器。
1.答案 an
解析 考查冠词。句意:事实上,是喷气推进实验室的一位工程师在70年代末意识到将会有一个绝佳机会。此处泛指一位工程师,空处应用不定冠词;engineer的发音以元音音素开头,故用不定冠词an。
2.答案 golden
解析 考查词性转换。句意参见上题解析。空处作定语修饰名词opportunity,应用形容词形式golden。
3.答案 because/when
解析 考查引导词。句意:这是因为所有的行星或多或少都会在太阳的一侧排列。/这是所有的行星都或多或少地排列在太阳的一侧的时候。空处引导表语从句,结合语意,此处可表示“这是因为所有的行星或多或少都会在太阳的一侧排列”,空处用because表示“因为”,或者表示“所有的行星都或多或少地排列在太阳的一侧的时刻”,空处用when表示“在……时”。
4.答案 independently
解析 考查词性转换。句意:当你试图探索一颗又一颗行星时,这一点非常重要,因为太阳系中的所有行星都是独立运行的。空处作状语修饰动词orbiting,应用副词形式independently。
5.答案 and
解析 考查并列连词。句意:有时,比如说,我们和木星在太阳的同一侧,有时木星在太阳的另一边,离我们很远,你知道,几十亿英里远。句中两个sometimes后描述的情况为并列关系,应用并列连词and连接。
6.答案 when
解析 考查引导词。句意:所以,在70年代末,你可以发射一艘航天器,它实际上可以到达木星,但也可以到达土星,因为它们都在太阳的同一侧,你甚至可能到天王星和海王星,甚至可能是冥王星。分析句子结构可知,空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the late 1970s,先行词指时间,关系词在从句中作时间状语,应用关系副词when引导从句。
7.答案 involving
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:涉及四颗行星的飞行旅行被称为旅行者号的“大旅行”。分析句子结构可知,空处作非谓语动词,involve与逻辑主语The fly-by trips之间是主谓关系,应用现在分词形式involving作后置定语。
8.答案 launched
解析 考查状语从句的省略和非谓语动词。句意:美国国家航空航天局官员表示,旅行者号首次发射时,预计将持续五年。结合语意,when引导的时间状语从句中,从句主语应为the Voyager,launch与the Voyager之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用被动语态be launched,状语从句中,从句主语与主句主语一致,且从句中含有be动词形式,则从句中可省略“主语+be动词”,所以空处应用动词的过去分词形式。
9.答案 to explore
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:两个旅行者号都是迄今为止唯一一个探索星际空间的航天器。空处作非谓语动词,被修饰词spacecraft前由the only修饰,所以空处使用动词不定形式,作后置定语。
10.答案 have been following/have followed
解析 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:在过去的几年里,我们跟随他们经历了真正超出太阳系范围的转变。根据时间状语over the last couple of years可知,句子应用现在完成时,或强调follow这一动作在这个阶段一直正在进行,使用现在完成进行时;主语是we,谓语动词用have been following/have followed。
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