2024-2025学年下学期高一英语期中模拟卷01（不含听力）-2024-2025学年高一下学期期中考点大串讲（上海通用）

2024-2025学年高一英语下学期期中模拟卷（上海） （考试时间100分钟；满分115分） II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20分) Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Loss of Biodiversity Affects Human Society If a species of bee disappears forever or a particular plant is extinct, what does it have to do with us humans? Well, according to a team of international scientists, biodiversity is dropping below levels 1 (consider) safe for the health and happiness of human societies. The issue is that everything is inter-connected and ecosystems support our societies 2 they provide us with, for example, food, fibres and fuels. If species go on 3 (disappear), this can disturb many vital processes like crop pollination (授粉) and the decomposition (分解) of waste. A study published in the magazine Science suggests that 58% of the world’s land surface 4 (reduce) below this level already. These areas house 71% of the global population. Professor Andy Purvis, from Imperial College London and the Natural History Museum, 5 (be) one of the authors of the study. He says, “Once we’re the wrong side of the boundary, it doesn’t mean everything goes wrong immediately, 6 there is a significantly higher risk that things will go badly wrong.” The researchers found that grasslands, savannas and shrub lands were most affected by biodiversity loss on average. Purvis hopes this report 7 (become) a wake-up call to those 8 design policies. Here’s his warning: “Decision-makers worry a lot about economic recessions (衰退), but an ecological recession could have even 9 (bad) consequences — and the biodiversity damage we’ve had means we’re at risk of that happening. Until and 10 we can bring biodiversity back up, we’re playing ecological roulette (轮盘赌).” Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．translate   B．soil   C． confused   D．directly    E. customs   F. experiences G. immediately    H. packet    I. rooted   J. fascinating    K. rushed Half a life half way around the world I lived the first two decades of my life in America and the next two in China. It is a strange feeling to know your own country only as a child and to become an adult on foreign 11 I experienced very little culture shock upon arriving in 1998 because I knew very little about China. I had no 12 . Just live and learn. I arrived in China as a college student at Nanjing University. On my first day living at the student dormitory, I went downstairs to the convenience store to buy a(n) 13 of chips. I came back five minutes later to buy a Coke. As a joke I said to the cashier, “Long time no see!” She 14 corrected me and said,“ No,you were here five minutes ago.”That was lesson number one in China: Irony does not 15 . Soon after, a local friend invited me to his house for my first ever lunch in a Chinese home. His father finished eating first, put down his bowl and chopsticks and said to me manman chi(“Eat slowly”). I was 16 . I didn’t realize this was part of Chinese etiquette. He wanted to express that just because he was done eating, I should not feel 17 to finish. I thought, “Am I eating too fast? Why does he care about the speed at which I eat?” After they explained it to me, I learned my second important lesson: To learn the language, one has to learn the culture. I had already studied the language for three years before I came to China, but there was so much I didn’t understand. Why were people putting food into my rice bowl? Why were people at the table telling me when I could and couldn’t drink my cup of beer? Why was it okay for everyone to spit things out 18 onto the table, but they covered up their mouths with their free hand when using a toothpick to be polite? Living my adult life in a foreign country has become a life-long learning process.Chinese   19 have now become my own. They are so deeply 20 in my daily routine that I do not think about them. And it’s not just the little things.The way I see society, government,and personal relationships has all changed. The culture shock happens when I go back to America. III. Reading Comprehension (45分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context The term culture now is used to describe everything from the fine arts to the outlook of a business group or a sports team. In its original sense, however, culture 21 all identifying aspects of an ethnic (民族的) group, nation, or empire: its physical environment, history, and traditions; its social rules and economic structure; its religious beliefs and arts. The central beliefs and customs of a group are handed down from one generation to another. It is for this reason that most people regarded culture as 22 rather than inborn. People acquire a culture; they are not 23 with one. The process by which a person develops a 24 for regional foods, or an outlook on the world over time, 25 , is known as enculturation (文化适应). Cultures are often identified by their 26 — images that are familiar and have meanings. Totem (图腾) poles carved with animal and creative figures suggests aspects of the Native American peoples of the Pacific Northwest but more accurately 27 specific families. In Asia and India, the color of yellow is identified with Buddhist and Hindu priests; in ancient China it was a color only for the family of the 28 Thus, different cultures may respond to a symbol quite 29 . For example, to some a flag may represent pride, historical accomplishments, or ideals; to others, 30 , it can me an danger or oppression. To individuals unfamiliar with cultures outside their own, the beliefs, behaviors, and artistic expression of other groups can seem 31 and even threatening. A society that 32 all other cultures with its own standards is said to be ethnocentric (民族优越感的). A strongly ethnocentric society assumes also that what is different from its own culture is likely to be 33 and, possibly, wrong or evil. All people are ethnocentric to some degree, and aspects of ethnocentrism, such as national pride, 34 a well-functioning society. An appreciation for one’s own culture, however, does not preclude (排除) acceptance and respect for another culture. History documents the long-term vigor and success of multicultural groups in which people from numerous and diverse cultural backgrounds live and work together. Ethnocentrism, 35 , can lead to racism — the belief that it is race and ethnic origin that account for variations in human character or ability and that one’s own race is superior to all others. 21．A．benefits B．involves C．attracts D．neglects 22．A．learned B．created C．developed D．inherited 23．A．supplied B．exchanged C．carried D．born 24．A．style B．taste C．method D．culture 25．A．therefore B．besides C．otherwise D．nevertheless 26．A．religions B．symbols C．arts D．traditions 27．A．make up B．take over C．stand for D．bring up 28．A．minister B．maid C．prisoner D．emperor 29．A．appropriately B．positively C．differently D．similarly 30．A．furthermore B．however C．thus D．also 31．A．national B．normal C．pleasant D．strange 32．A．removes B．ranks C．controls D．abandons 33．A．inferior B．productive C．traditional D．industrial 34．A．belong to B．refer to C．turn to D．contribute to 35．A．in contrast B．in particular C．as a result D．on the whole Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A Recently I attended several meetings where we talked about ways to retain students and keep younger staff members from going elsewhere. It seems that higher education has become an industry of meeting-holders whose task is to “solve” problems - real or imagined. And in my position as a professor at three different colleges, the actual problems in educating our young and older students have deepened, while the number of people hired - not to teach but to hold meetings - has increased significantly. Every new problem creates a new job for an administrative fixer. Take our Center for Teaching Excellence. Contrary to its title, the center is an information exchange center for using technology in classrooms and in online courses. It’s an administrative cheat of the kind that has multiplied over the last 30 years. I offer a simple proposal in response: Many of our problems - class attendance, educational success, student happiness and well-being - might be improved by cutting down the bureauratic (官僚的) mechanism and meetings and instead hiring an army of good teachers. If we replaced half of our administrative staff with classroom teachers, we might actually get a majority of our classes back to 20 or fewer students per teacher. This would be an environment in which teachers and students actually knew each other. The teachers should be free to teach in their own way - the curriculum should be flexible enough so that they can use their individual talents to achieve the goals of the course. Additionally, they should be allowed to teach, and be rewarded for doing it well. Teachers are not people who are great at and consumed by research and happen to appear in a classroom. Good teaching and research are not exclusive, but they are also not automatic companions. Teaching is an art and a craft, talent and practice; it is not something that just anyone can be good at. It is confusing to me that people do not recognize this, despite the fact that anyone who has been a student can tell the difference between their best and worst teachers. 36．What does the author think of some universities? A．They are effectively handling real or imagined problems. B．They sometimes fail to combine teaching with research. C．They have too many administrative staff members. D．They lack talent to fix ever-deepening problems. 37．From the perspective of the author, what kind of people do universities lack most? A．Good classroom teachers. B．Talented researchers. C．Efficient administrators. D．Motivated students. 38．What does the author imply about the classes at present? A．They improve students’ independent learning. B．They help students form closer relationships. C．They have more older students than before. D．They are much bigger than is desirable. 39．What is the author’s suggestion to improve university teaching? A．Creating an environment for teachers to share their teaching experience. B．Hiring more classroom teachers and allowing them to teach in their own way. C．Using high technology in classrooms and promoting exchange of information. D．Cutting down meetings and encouraging administrative staff to go to classrooms. B Article Contest — Teens Making a Difference No matter your age or what your life is, you can always make a difference. Teen Ink knows this, and so does Natalie Silverstein — author of Simple Acts: The Busy Teen’s Guide to Making Difference. For this contest, we want to know what simple acts you’ve done to make a difference. Please click here for online registration. Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification. Rules You must be a teen (aged 13-19) with a Teen Ink account to enter. Submissions must relate to the topic — Teens Making a Difference. Articles must be between 250-350 words. Deadline: December 31. Guidelines and Details It doesn’t matter how big or small your act of kindness is, we want to hear about it! There is no limit to the number of pieces you can submit. How to Submit (递交) Submit entries through our website. Other forms of submission will not be accepted. All entries submitted to Teen Ink are automatically considered for the contest. Must include the words “Article Contest” in your submission’s tags (标签) and title. Prizes Winners and honorable mentions will have their articles published in Teen Ink magazine. The overall winner will receive a copy of Natalie Silverstein’s book. Simple Acts: The Busy Teen’s Guide to Making a Difference and a $25 gift card. 40．Which of the following will result in disqualification? A．Handing in a 320-word article. B．Submitting 2 entries. C．Delivering your entry. D．Uploading your entry on November 28. 41．What is the prize for honorable mentions? A．They’ll get a gift card. B．They’ll be presented with the book. C．Their articles will appear in the magazine. D．Their works will be recommended by Natalie Silverstein. 42．What’s the main purpose of the contest? A．To make teens fond of reading. B．To encourage teens to do good deeds. C．To advertise Natalie Silverstein’s book. D．To get teens to subscribe (订阅) to Teen Ink magazine. C If English means endless new words, difficult grammar and sometimes strange pronunciation, you are wrong. Haven't you noticed that you have become smarter since you started to learn a language? According to a new study by a British university, learning another language can lead to an increase in your brain power. Researchers found that learning other languages changes grey matter (大脑灰质), which is the area of the brain which deals with information. It is similar to the way that exercise builds muscles. The study also found the effects are greater, the younger people learn another language. A team led by Dr. Andrea Mechelli, took a group of Britons who only spoke English. They were compared with a group of “early bilinguals” who had learnt a second language before the age of five, as well as a number of later learners. Scans showed that grey matter density (密度) in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language. But the longer a person waited before mastering a new language, the smaller the difference. “Our findings suggest that the structure of the brain is changed by the experience of learning a second language.” said the scientists. It means that the change itself increases the ability to learn. Professor Dylan Vaughan Jones of the University of Wales has researched the link between bilingualism and math skills. “Having two languages gives you two windows on the world and makes the brain more flexible” he said, “You are actually going beyond language and have a better understanding of different ideas.” The findings were matched in a study of native Italian speakers who had learned English as a second language between the ages of 2 and 34. Reading, writing and comprehension were all tested. The results showed that the younger they started to learn, the better. “Studying a language means you get an entrance to another world.” explained the scientists. 43．Why does the writer mention “exercise” and “muscles” in paragraph 2? A．To prove that learning a language is beneficial to your brain. B．To suggest that language learning involves physical exercise. C．To explain that language learning is similar to muscle building. D．To show that language learning is a process of building grey matter. 44．What can be learnt from the scientific findings? A．The ability to learn a second language is changing all the time. B．The earlier you start to learn a second language, the higher the grey matter density is. C．The experience of learning a second language has an unknown effect on people’s brain. D．A later second language learner and one knowing no second language have no difference. 45．What does the author try to tell us in the last two paragraphs? A．Italian is the best choice for you as a second language. B．Learning a second language is the same as studying maths. C．It’s better to learn a second language between the ages of 2 and 34. D．Early learning of a second language helps in studying other subjects. 46．What is the passage mainly about? A．How to learn a second language. B．How language learning helps brainpower. C．People’s ability to learn a second language. D．The relationship between language learning and math study. Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. An opinion poll was conducted in the early 1990s to find out the cultural attitudes of residents of five countries in Western Europe (Britain, France, Italy, Spain and Germany). One thousand people, forming a representative sample of the adult population, from each of the five participating countries were interviewed. The poll assumed that literature, history, science, arts, law, economics and so on would be regarded as significant elements of culture by all participants, but it set out to examine the areas which they considered the most important forms of cultural expression. In addition, the poll required interviewees to indicate in a questionnaire the type of education they considered most appropriate for the modern world, the best channels of knowledge and arts they most valued. 47 The results of the poll show interesting differences between the participating nations in terms of which components of culture they regard as most important forms of cultural expression. For the French and Italians, literature comes well at the top of the list. 48 History occupies second place for the French, the Italians and Germans but is given very low priority by the British. For the Spanish these four areas are more or less equal, with mathematics having a slight edge. It seems that members of each country in the survey have a common definition of culture but that definition varies from country to country. 49 The French and Italians are literary peoples, the British scientific and the Germans practical and hard-working. France has the distinction, according to the results of the poll, of being the country which provokes most interest from its British. Italian and German neighbors. 50 The French also placed Italy first. Italy occupies second place for both the British and the Germans. It would seem, then, that the “literary” nations of France and Italy are more culturally exciting than the scientific British or the practical Germans! A．In contrast, mathematics is given priority by the British and economics,/politics by the  Germans. B．There are clear differences in the views of various European nations. C．The interviewees were also asked which European country they found most attractive from a cultural point of view. D．Spanish interviewees indicated more interest in Italy than in France. E．The residents of the five countries of the survey share the view that books are the best way of broadening knowledge. F．The variations tend to support the national stereotypes we have of one another. IV. Summary Writing （10分） 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in NO MORE THAN 60 WORDS. Use your own words as far as possible. Tired of walling in end loss lines to pay for what you have bought? Angry at wasting time in traffic jams only to find no parking spaces when you eventually arrive at the store? If this is you, then online shopping is the answer to your dreams of trouble-free shopping. However, online shopping brings its own challenges. Here are a few things to remember when browsing various websites. The claim made by online sites is that shopping online is a safe way to make purchases. The evidence challenges this. In any case, you only have to be the victim of fraud (诈骗) once to experience all the problems that come with this form of stealing. Another problem is the appearance of Items in reality is often quite different from what you see on your computer screen. This might not be a problem if you are buying washing up powder but could be a major disappointment when that beautiful blue dress you ordered turns up in green. Some even argue that online shopping indirectly causes global warning. Yes, your car can stay parked but how are online goods delivered? Often by some large vans pouring out carbon monoxide and adding to our already desperate traffic problems. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation （15分） Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52．我们相约周末去看花展。（appointment） 53．虽然他们是双胞胎，他们却性格迥异。(vary) 54．这个家庭主妇选了一些冷冻食品， 其中三分之一贴着可回收包装的标签。(a third of which) 55．生活不是马拉松，而是一段旅程。在旅途中，我们欣赏美景，结交朋友。(where) VI. Guided Writing （25分） 56．Directions: Write an English composition in about 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是明启中学高一学生李华，你校正在进行“行走中国”主题的英语征文大赛，现请你给学生会投稿，参加征文比赛，结合你的旅游经历谈谈你如何理解旅行的意义。 你的作文需包括： 1.你的一段“行走中国”旅行经历： 2.你对旅行意义的理解。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024-2025学年高一英语下学期期中模拟卷（上海） （考试时间100分钟；满分115分） II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20分) Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Loss of Biodiversity Affects Human Society If a species of bee disappears forever or a particular plant is extinct, what does it have to do with us humans? Well, according to a team of international scientists, biodiversity is dropping below levels 1 (consider) safe for the health and happiness of human societies. The issue is that everything is inter-connected and ecosystems support our societies 2 they provide us with, for example, food, fibres and fuels. If species go on 3 (disappear), this can disturb many vital processes like crop pollination (授粉) and the decomposition (分解) of waste. A study published in the magazine Science suggests that 58% of the world’s land surface 4 (reduce) below this level already. These areas house 71% of the global population. Professor Andy Purvis, from Imperial College London and the Natural History Museum, 5 (be) one of the authors of the study. He says, “Once we’re the wrong side of the boundary, it doesn’t mean everything goes wrong immediately, 6 there is a significantly higher risk that things will go badly wrong.” The researchers found that grasslands, savannas and shrub lands were most affected by biodiversity loss on average. Purvis hopes this report 7 (become) a wake-up call to those 8 design policies. Here’s his warning: “Decision-makers worry a lot about economic recessions (衰退), but an ecological recession could have even 9 (bad) consequences — and the biodiversity damage we’ve had means we’re at risk of that happening. Until and 10 we can bring biodiversity back up, we’re playing ecological roulette (轮盘赌).” 【答案】 1．considered 2．because 3．disappearing 4．has been reduced 5．is 6．but 7．will become 8．who 9．worse 10．unless 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍生物多样性的丧失影响人类社会。 1．考查过去分词。句意：根据一组国际科学家的研究，生物多样性正在下降到人类社会健康和幸福的安全水平以下。设空处为非谓语动词，“levels”与“consider”是被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语，故填considered。 2．考查原因状语从句。句意：问题是，一切都是相互联系的，生态系统支持我们的社会，因为它们为我们提供了食物、纤维和燃料等。“ecosystems support our societies”和“they provide us with…”是因果关系，故填because。 3．考查固定搭配。句意：如果物种继续消失，这可能会干扰许多重要的过程，如作物授粉和废物的分解。“go on doing sth.”表示“继续做某事”，符合句意，故填disappearing。 4．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究表明，世界上58%的陆地表面已经下降到这一水平以下。设空处为谓语，主语“58% of the world’s land surface”和“reduce”是被动关系，且强调对现在的影响，用现在完成时的被动语态，谓语和land surface保持一致，助动词用has，故填has been reduced。 5．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：来自伦敦帝国理工学院和自然历史博物馆的安迪·珀维斯教授是这项研究的作者之一。设空处为谓语，主语“Professor Andy Purvis”是第三人称单数，描述现在的情况，用一般现在时，be动词用is，故填is。 6．考查连词。句意：他说：“一旦我们走到了错误的一边，并不意味着一切都会立刻出错，但事情严重出错的风险要高得多”“Once we’re the wrong side of the boundary”和“there is a significantly higher risk…”是转折关系，故填but。 7．考查时态。句意：珀维斯希望这份报告能给那些制定政策的人敲响警钟。设空处为谓语，“this report”和“become”是主动关系，且表示将来的动作，用一般将来时，故will become。 8．考查定语从句。句意：同上。设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词“those”指人，关系词在从句中作主语，用“who”引导定语从句，故填who。 9．考查形容词比较级。句意：他的警告是：“决策者非常担心经济衰退，但生态衰退可能会产生更糟糕的后果——我们已经遭受的生物多样性破坏意味着我们正面临这种情况发生的风险。除非我们能够恢复生物多样性，否则我们就是在玩生态轮盘赌。” 根据even可知，此处应用比较级，bad 的比较级是worse，表示“更糟糕的”，故填worse。 10．考查条件状语从句。句意：同上。设空处引导条件状语从句，表示“除非”，故填unless。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．translate   B．soil   C． confused   D．directly    E. customs   F. experiences G. immediately    H. packet    I. rooted   J. fascinating    K. rushed Half a life half way around the world I lived the first two decades of my life in America and the next two in China. It is a strange feeling to know your own country only as a child and to become an adult on foreign 11 I experienced very little culture shock upon arriving in 1998 because I knew very little about China. I had no 12 . Just live and learn. I arrived in China as a college student at Nanjing University. On my first day living at the student dormitory, I went downstairs to the convenience store to buy a(n) 13 of chips. I came back five minutes later to buy a Coke. As a joke I said to the cashier, “Long time no see!” She 14 corrected me and said,“ No,you were here five minutes ago.”That was lesson number one in China: Irony does not 15 . Soon after, a local friend invited me to his house for my first ever lunch in a Chinese home. His father finished eating first, put down his bowl and chopsticks and said to me manman chi(“Eat slowly”). I was 16 . I didn’t realize this was part of Chinese etiquette. He wanted to express that just because he was done eating, I should not feel 17 to finish. I thought, “Am I eating too fast? Why does he care about the speed at which I eat?” After they explained it to me, I learned my second important lesson: To learn the language, one has to learn the culture. I had already studied the language for three years before I came to China, but there was so much I didn’t understand. Why were people putting food into my rice bowl? Why were people at the table telling me when I could and couldn’t drink my cup of beer? Why was it okay for everyone to spit things out 18 onto the table, but they covered up their mouths with their free hand when using a toothpick to be polite? Living my adult life in a foreign country has become a life-long learning process.Chinese   19 have now become my own. They are so deeply 20 in my daily routine that I do not think about them. And it’s not just the little things.The way I see society, government,and personal relationships has all changed. The culture shock happens when I go back to America. 【答案】 11．B 12．F 13．H 14．G 15．A 16．C 17．K 18．D 19．E 20．I 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过作者在中国和美国生活的对比，讲述了作者在中国生活时的文化适应过程和个人成长经历。 11．考查名词。句意：只在孩童时期了解自己的祖国，而在异国他乡成长为成年人，这是一种很奇妙的感觉。分析句子成分可知，空处考查名词形式担当宾语；根据上文“I lived the first two decades of my life in America and the next two in China.”可知，作者在美国出生，生活了20年后来到了中国。由此可知，作者是在异国他乡成长为成年人。选项B“soil”，名词，意为“土壤”，符合句意。故选B。 12．考查名词。句意：我毫无经验，只能边生活边学习。分析句子成分可知，空处考查名词形式担当宾语；根据下文“Just live and learn.”可知，作者对于在中国生活毫无经历。选项F“experiences”，意为“经历”，符合句意。故选F。 13．考查名词。句意：在学生宿舍居住的第一天，我下楼去便利店买了一包薯片。分析句子成分可知，空处考查名词形式担当宾语；根据空后的“of chips”可知，空处指的是“一包”；选项H“packet”，名词，意为“一包”，符合句意。故选H。 14．考查副词。句意：她立刻纠正我说：“不，你五分钟前才来过这儿。” 分析句子成分可知，空处考查修饰动词用副词形式；根据句意可知，空处指的是“立即、马上”；选项G“immediately”，副词，意为“立即”，符合句意。故选G。 15．考查动词。句意：这是我在中国学到的第一课：反讽的表达方式在不同文化中无法直接转换。分析句子成分可知，空处考查动词形式担当谓语；根据上文可知，作者明白了反讽的表达形式无法翻译出来。选项A“translate”，动词，意为“翻译”，符合句意。故选A。 16．考查形容词。句意：我很困惑，当时我并不知道这是中国礼仪的一部分。分析句子成分可知，空处考查形容词形式担当表语；根据下文“I didn’t realize this was part of Chinese etiquette.”可知，空处指的是“困惑的”。选项C“confused”，形容词，意为“困惑的”，符合句意。故选C。 17．考查动词。句意：他的意思是，即使他已经吃完了，我也不用着急吃完。分析句子成分可知，空处考查动词形式；根据上文“He wanted to express that just because he was done eating”可知，空处指的是“匆忙、着急”；选项K“rushed”，意为“着急”，符合句意。故选K。 18．考查副词。句意：为什么大家可以直接把东西吐在桌子上，但用牙签时却要用另一只手捂住嘴以显示礼貌呢？分析句子成分可知，空处考查副词形式修饰动词，根据句意可知，空处指的是“直接地”；选项D“directly”，副词，意为“直接地”，符合句意。故选D。 19．考查名词。句意：中国的习俗如今已成为我生活的一部分。分析句子成分可知，空处考查名词形式担当主语；根据句意可知，空处指的是“风俗”；选项E“customs”，名词复数形式，意为“风俗”，符合句意。故选E。 20．考查动词。句意：它们深深扎根于我的日常生活中，以至于我都不会刻意去想它们。根据下文“that I do not think about them”可知，这些风俗已经扎根于作者的日常生活中。选项I“rooted”可构成短语：be rooted in，意为“扎根于……”，符合句意。故选I。 III. Reading Comprehension (45分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context The term culture now is used to describe everything from the fine arts to the outlook of a business group or a sports team. In its original sense, however, culture 21 all identifying aspects of an ethnic (民族的) group, nation, or empire: its physical environment, history, and traditions; its social rules and economic structure; its religious beliefs and arts. The central beliefs and customs of a group are handed down from one generation to another. It is for this reason that most people regarded culture as 22 rather than inborn. People acquire a culture; they are not 23 with one. The process by which a person develops a 24 for regional foods, or an outlook on the world over time, 25 , is known as enculturation (文化适应). Cultures are often identified by their 26 — images that are familiar and have meanings. Totem (图腾) poles carved with animal and creative figures suggests aspects of the Native American peoples of the Pacific Northwest but more accurately 27 specific families. In Asia and India, the color of yellow is identified with Buddhist and Hindu priests; in ancient China it was a color only for the family of the 28 Thus, different cultures may respond to a symbol quite 29 . For example, to some a flag may represent pride, historical accomplishments, or ideals; to others, 30 , it can me an danger or oppression. To individuals unfamiliar with cultures outside their own, the beliefs, behaviors, and artistic expression of other groups can seem 31 and even threatening. A society that 32 all other cultures with its own standards is said to be ethnocentric (民族优越感的). A strongly ethnocentric society assumes also that what is different from its own culture is likely to be 33 and, possibly, wrong or evil. All people are ethnocentric to some degree, and aspects of ethnocentrism, such as national pride, 34 a well-functioning society. An appreciation for one’s own culture, however, does not preclude (排除) acceptance and respect for another culture. History documents the long-term vigor and success of multicultural groups in which people from numerous and diverse cultural backgrounds live and work together. Ethnocentrism, 35 , can lead to racism — the belief that it is race and ethnic origin that account for variations in human character or ability and that one’s own race is superior to all others. 21．A．benefits B．involves C．attracts D．neglects 22．A．learned B．created C．developed D．inherited 23．A．supplied B．exchanged C．carried D．born 24．A．style B．taste C．method D．culture 25．A．therefore B．besides C．otherwise D．nevertheless 26．A．religions B．symbols C．arts D．traditions 27．A．make up B．take over C．stand for D．bring up 28．A．minister B．maid C．prisoner D．emperor 29．A．appropriately B．positively C．differently D．similarly 30．A．furthermore B．however C．thus D．also 31．A．national B．normal C．pleasant D．strange 32．A．removes B．ranks C．controls D．abandons 33．A．inferior B．productive C．traditional D．industrial 34．A．belong to B．refer to C．turn to D．contribute to 35．A．in contrast B．in particular C．as a result D．on the whole 【答案】 21．B 22．A 23．D 24．B 25．A 26．B 27．C 28．D 29．C 30．B 31．D 32．B 33．A 34．D 35．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了文化的含义、特点以及文化适应、文化多元性和民族优越感等相关内容。 21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，从其原始意义上来说，文化包含一个民族、国家或帝国的所有可识别的方面：其自然环境、历史和传统；其社会规则和经济结构；其宗教信仰和艺术。A. benefits有益于；B. involves包含；C. attracts吸引；D. neglects忽视。根据后文“all identifying aspects of an ethnic (民族的) group, nation, or empire: its physical environment, history, and traditions; its social rules and economic structure; its religious beliefs and arts”可知，这些是文化这一概念所包含的内容。故选B项。 22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：正因为如此，大多数人认为文化是后天学习的，而不是天生的。A. learned学习；B. created创造；C. developed发展；D. inherited继承。根据前文“handed down from one generation to another”和后文“People acquire a culture”可知，文化是从一代传到另一代的，即文化是后天学习到的。故选A项。 23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们获得文化；他们不是天生就有的。A. supplied供应；B. exchanged交换；C. carried携带；D. born出生。根据前文“rather than inborn”和“People acquire a culture”可知，人们不是天生就带有文化。故选D项。 24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个人随着时间的推移对地区性食物的品味或对世界的看法的发展过程，被称为文化适应。A. style风格；B. taste品味；C. method方法；D. culture文化。根据前文“The process by which a person develops”和后文“for regional foods”可知，指对食物品味的形成过程。故选B项。 25．考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，一个人随着时间的推移对地区性食物的品味或对世界的看法的发展过程，被称为文化适应。A. therefore因此；B. besides此外；C. otherwise否则；D. nevertheless然而。根据前文“People acquire a culture”和后文“known as enculturation”可知，文化是通过学习获得的，所以人们获得文化的过程就是适应的过程，被称为文化适应，前后文之间是因果关系。故选A项。 26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：文化通常通过其符号来识别——这些符号是熟悉的，并且有意义。A. religions宗教；B. symbols符号；C. arts艺术；D. traditions传统。根据后文“images that are familiar and have meanings”和“Totem (图腾) poles carved with animal and creative figures suggests aspects of the Native American peoples of the Pacific Northwest”可知，通过符号来识别文化。故选B项。 27．考查动词短语辨析。句意：刻有动物和创意人物的图腾柱表明了太平洋西北地区美洲原住民的一些方面，但更准确地代表了特定的家族。A. make up组成；B. take over接管；C. stand for代表；D. bring up抚养。根据前文“Totem (图腾) poles carved with animal and creative figures suggests aspects of the Native American peoples of the Pacific Northwest”可知，图腾柱能表明太平洋西北地区美洲原住民的一些方面，所以此处指图腾柱更准确地代表了特定的家族。故选C项。 28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在亚洲和印度，黄色与佛教和印度教祭司有关；在中国古代，它是皇帝家族专用的颜色。A. minister部长；B. maid女仆；C. prisoner囚犯；D. emperor皇帝。根据后文“Thus, different cultures may respond to a symbol quite 9 .”可知，不同文化对同一符号的反应可能不同，结合常识可知，此处举例说明，在中国古代黄色是皇帝家族专用的颜色。故选D项。 29．考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，不同文化对同一符号的反应可能截然不同。A. appropriately适当地；B. positively积极地；C. differently不同地；D. similarly相似地。根据前文举例可知在亚洲和印度，黄色与佛教和印度教祭司有关，而在中国古代，黄色是皇帝家族专用的颜色，说明不同文化对同一符号的反应可能不同。故选C项。 30．考查副词词义辨析。句意：例如，对一些人来说，旗帜可能代表骄傲、历史成就或理想；然而，对其他人来说，它可能意味着危险或压迫。A. furthermore而且；B. however然而；C. thus因此；D. also也。根据前文“to some a flag may represent pride, historical accomplishments, or ideals”和后文“it can mean danger or oppression”可知，前后文之间为转折关系，所以应用however连接。故选B项。 31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于不熟悉自身以外文化的人来说，其他群体的信仰、行为和艺术表达可能看起来很奇怪，甚至具有威胁性。A. national国家的；B. normal正常的；C. pleasant愉快的；D. strange奇怪的。根据前文“unfamiliar with cultures outside their own”可知，对其他群体的文化不熟悉，所以它们会看起来很奇怪。故选D项。 32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个用自己的标准来给所有其他文化分等级的社会被认为具有民族优越感。A. removes移除；B. ranks把……分等级；C. controls控制；D. abandons抛弃。根据后文“with its own standards”可知，用自己的标准来衡量所有其他文化；rank...with...为固定短语，意为“用……给……分等级”。故选B项。 33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个强烈民族优越感的社会也假设，与其自身文化不同的东西很可能是低劣的，而且可能是错误的或邪恶的。A. inferior低劣的；B. productive多产的；C. traditional传统的；D. industrial工业的。根据后文“and, possibly, wrong or evil”可知，有强烈民族优越感的社会会认为与其自身文化不同的东西是低劣的。故选A项。 34．考查动词短语辨析。句意：所有人在一定程度上都是民族优越的，民族优越感的某些方面，如民族自豪感，对社会的良好运转做出了贡献。A. belong to属于；B. refer to参考；C. turn to转向；D. contribute to有助于。根据前文“All people are ethnocentric”和后文“a well-functioning society”可推知，民族优越感对社会的良好运转做出了贡献。故选D项。 35．考查介词短语辨析。句意：相反，民族优越感可能导致种族主义——认为种族和民族起源是人类性格或能力差异的原因，并且认为自己的种族优于其他所有种族。A. in contrast相比之下；B. in particular特别；C. as a result结果；D. on the whole总的来说。前文“All people are ethnocentric to some degree, and aspects of ethnocentrism, such as national pride, 14 a well-functioning society.”说明民族优越感对社会的良好运转做出了贡献，后文“can lead to racism — the belief that it is race and ethnic origin that account for variations in human character or ability and that one’s own race is superior to all others.”讲民族主义会导致种族主义，前后文之间形成对比关系，所以应用in contrast连接。故选A项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A Recently I attended several meetings where we talked about ways to retain students and keep younger staff members from going elsewhere. It seems that higher education has become an industry of meeting-holders whose task is to “solve” problems - real or imagined. And in my position as a professor at three different colleges, the actual problems in educating our young and older students have deepened, while the number of people hired - not to teach but to hold meetings - has increased significantly. Every new problem creates a new job for an administrative fixer. Take our Center for Teaching Excellence. Contrary to its title, the center is an information exchange center for using technology in classrooms and in online courses. It’s an administrative cheat of the kind that has multiplied over the last 30 years. I offer a simple proposal in response: Many of our problems - class attendance, educational success, student happiness and well-being - might be improved by cutting down the bureauratic (官僚的) mechanism and meetings and instead hiring an army of good teachers. If we replaced half of our administrative staff with classroom teachers, we might actually get a majority of our classes back to 20 or fewer students per teacher. This would be an environment in which teachers and students actually knew each other. The teachers should be free to teach in their own way - the curriculum should be flexible enough so that they can use their individual talents to achieve the goals of the course. Additionally, they should be allowed to teach, and be rewarded for doing it well. Teachers are not people who are great at and consumed by research and happen to appear in a classroom. Good teaching and research are not exclusive, but they are also not automatic companions. Teaching is an art and a craft, talent and practice; it is not something that just anyone can be good at. It is confusing to me that people do not recognize this, despite the fact that anyone who has been a student can tell the difference between their best and worst teachers. 36．What does the author think of some universities? A．They are effectively handling real or imagined problems. B．They sometimes fail to combine teaching with research. C．They have too many administrative staff members. D．They lack talent to fix ever-deepening problems. 37．From the perspective of the author, what kind of people do universities lack most? A．Good classroom teachers. B．Talented researchers. C．Efficient administrators. D．Motivated students. 38．What does the author imply about the classes at present? A．They improve students’ independent learning. B．They help students form closer relationships. C．They have more older students than before. D．They are much bigger than is desirable. 39．What is the author’s suggestion to improve university teaching? A．Creating an environment for teachers to share their teaching experience. B．Hiring more classroom teachers and allowing them to teach in their own way. C．Using high technology in classrooms and promoting exchange of information. D．Cutting down meetings and encouraging administrative staff to go to classrooms. 【答案】36．C 37．A 38．D 39．B 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。主要讲述了作者结合自己参加的教学会议以及在三所不同学院担任教授的经历指出了如今大学教育存在的问题。 36．细节理解题。根据第二段中“And in my position as a professor at three different colleges, the actual problems in educating our young people and older students have deepened, while the number of people hired - not to teach but to hold meetings - has increased significantly. Every new problem creates a new job for an administrative fixer. (我在三所不同的学院担任教授，在教育我们的年轻人和高年级学生方面的实际问题已经加深，而雇用的人——不是教书，而是开会——的数量却显著增加。每个新问题都会给行政解决人员带来新的工作。)”可知，关于当今的大学，作者认为他们的行政人员数量过多，负担过重。故选C。 37．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Many of our problems - class attendance, educational success, student happiness and well-being - might be improved by cutting down the bureauratic (官僚的) mechanism and meetings and instead hiring an army of good teachers. If we replaced half of our administrative staff with classroom teachers, we might actually get a majority of our classes back to 20 or fewer students per teacher. (作为回应，我提出了一个简单的建议：我们的许多问题——上课出勤率、教育成绩、学生的快乐和幸福——可能会通过减少官僚机制和会议而得到改善，而要雇佣一批好老师。如果我们用任课教师取代一半的行政人员，我们可能会让大多数班级的学生人数回到20人或更少。)”可知，根据作者的观点，大学最缺乏优秀的课堂老师。故选A。 38．推理判断题。根据第三段中“If we replaced half of our administrative staff with classroom teachers, we might actually get a majority of our classes back to 20 or fewer students per teacher. This would be an environment in which teachers and students actually knew each other. (如果我们用任课教师取代一半的行政人员，我们可能会让大多数班级的学生人数回到20人或更少。这将是一个教师和学生真正相互了解的环境。)”可知，作者认为，现在的课堂规模比理想的要大得多。故选D。 39．细节理解题。文章第三段中“Many of our problems - class attendance, educational success, student happiness and well-being - might be improved by cutting down the bureauratic (官僚的) mechanism and meetings and instead hiring an army of good teachers. If we replaced half of our administrative staff with classroom teachers, we might actually get a majority of our classes back to 20 or fewer students per teacher. (我们的许多问题——上课出勤率、教育成绩、学生的快乐和幸福——可能会通过减少官僚机制和会议而得到改善，而要雇佣一批好老师。如果我们用任课教师取代一半的行政人员，我们可能会让大多数班级的学生人数回到20人或更少。)”及第四段又指出“The teachers should be free to teach in their own way—the curriculum should be flexible enough so that they can use their individual talents to achieve the goals of the course. (教师应该能够自由地以自己的方式授课——课程设置应当足够灵活，这样他们就能运用自身的才能来实现课程目标。)”可知，削减官僚机制和会议，聘用大量优秀教师并且让教师以自己的方式教学，课程设置应足够灵活以便教师发挥个人才能实现课程目标。所以作者对改善大学教学的建议是聘用更多课堂教师并允许他们以自己的方式教学。故选B。 B Article Contest — Teens Making a Difference No matter your age or what your life is, you can always make a difference. Teen Ink knows this, and so does Natalie Silverstein — author of Simple Acts: The Busy Teen’s Guide to Making Difference. For this contest, we want to know what simple acts you’ve done to make a difference. Please click here for online registration. Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification. Rules You must be a teen (aged 13-19) with a Teen Ink account to enter. Submissions must relate to the topic — Teens Making a Difference. Articles must be between 250-350 words. Deadline: December 31. Guidelines and Details It doesn’t matter how big or small your act of kindness is, we want to hear about it! There is no limit to the number of pieces you can submit. How to Submit (递交) Submit entries through our website. Other forms of submission will not be accepted. All entries submitted to Teen Ink are automatically considered for the contest. Must include the words “Article Contest” in your submission’s tags (标签) and title. Prizes Winners and honorable mentions will have their articles published in Teen Ink magazine. The overall winner will receive a copy of Natalie Silverstein’s book. Simple Acts: The Busy Teen’s Guide to Making a Difference and a $25 gift card. 40．Which of the following will result in disqualification? A．Handing in a 320-word article. B．Submitting 2 entries. C．Delivering your entry. D．Uploading your entry on November 28. 41．What is the prize for honorable mentions? A．They’ll get a gift card. B．They’ll be presented with the book. C．Their articles will appear in the magazine. D．Their works will be recommended by Natalie Silverstein. 42．What’s the main purpose of the contest? A．To make teens fond of reading. B．To encourage teens to do good deeds. C．To advertise Natalie Silverstein’s book. D．To get teens to subscribe (订阅) to Teen Ink magazine. 【答案】40．C 41．C 42．B 【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了文章比赛——“青少年有所作为”的相关信息，包括比赛规则、指南、提交方式和奖品等。 40．细节理解题。根据Rules部分下第三条规则“Articles must be between 250-350 words.(文章必须在250-350字之间)”、第四条规则“Deadline: December 31.(截止日期：12月31日)”、Guidelines and Details部分的“It doesn’t matter how big or small your act of kindness is, we want to hear about it! There is no limit to the number of pieces you can submit.(无论你的善举是大是小，我们都想听听！你可以提交的作品数量没有限制)”、根据How to Submit (递交)部分中的“Submit entries through our website. Other forms of submission will not be accepted.(参赛作品应通过网站提交。其他形式的提交将不被接受)”可知，提交一篇320字的文章、提交2篇参赛作品和在11月28日上传参赛作品均符合比赛规则，不会导致取消资格，递送参赛作品不符合比赛规则，会导致取消资格。故选C。 41．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Winners and honorable mentions will have their articles published in Teen Ink magazine. The overall winner will receive a copy of Natalie Silverstein’s book. Simple Acts: The Busy Teen’s Guide to Making a Difference and a $25 gift card.(获奖者和优秀提名者的文章将在《青少年墨水》杂志上发表。总冠军将获得Natalie Silverstein的书《简单行为：忙碌青少年改变世界的指南》和一张25美元的礼品卡)”可知，优秀提名者的奖品是他们的文章将出现在《青少年墨水》杂志上，总冠军才会获得书和礼品卡。故选C。 42．推理判断题。根据第一段“No matter your age or what your life is, you can always make a difference. Teen Ink knows this, and so does Natalie Silverstein — author of Simple Acts: The Busy Teen’s Guide to Making Difference. For this contest, we want to know what simple acts you’ve done to make a difference.(无论你的年龄或生活如何，你总能有所作为。《青少年墨水》知道这一点，Natalie Silverstein也知道——《简单行为：忙碌青少年改变世界的指南》一书的作者。对于这个比赛，我们想知道你做了哪些简单的行为来有所作为)”可知，这个比赛的主要目的是鼓励青少年做好事。故选B。 C If English means endless new words, difficult grammar and sometimes strange pronunciation, you are wrong. Haven't you noticed that you have become smarter since you started to learn a language? According to a new study by a British university, learning another language can lead to an increase in your brain power. Researchers found that learning other languages changes grey matter (大脑灰质), which is the area of the brain which deals with information. It is similar to the way that exercise builds muscles. The study also found the effects are greater, the younger people learn another language. A team led by Dr. Andrea Mechelli, took a group of Britons who only spoke English. They were compared with a group of “early bilinguals” who had learnt a second language before the age of five, as well as a number of later learners. Scans showed that grey matter density (密度) in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language. But the longer a person waited before mastering a new language, the smaller the difference. “Our findings suggest that the structure of the brain is changed by the experience of learning a second language.” said the scientists. It means that the change itself increases the ability to learn. Professor Dylan Vaughan Jones of the University of Wales has researched the link between bilingualism and math skills. “Having two languages gives you two windows on the world and makes the brain more flexible” he said, “You are actually going beyond language and have a better understanding of different ideas.” The findings were matched in a study of native Italian speakers who had learned English as a second language between the ages of 2 and 34. Reading, writing and comprehension were all tested. The results showed that the younger they started to learn, the better. “Studying a language means you get an entrance to another world.” explained the scientists. 43．Why does the writer mention “exercise” and “muscles” in paragraph 2? A．To prove that learning a language is beneficial to your brain. B．To suggest that language learning involves physical exercise. C．To explain that language learning is similar to muscle building. D．To show that language learning is a process of building grey matter. 44．What can be learnt from the scientific findings? A．The ability to learn a second language is changing all the time. B．The earlier you start to learn a second language, the higher the grey matter density is. C．The experience of learning a second language has an unknown effect on people’s brain. D．A later second language learner and one knowing no second language have no difference. 45．What does the author try to tell us in the last two paragraphs? A．Italian is the best choice for you as a second language. B．Learning a second language is the same as studying maths. C．It’s better to learn a second language between the ages of 2 and 34. D．Early learning of a second language helps in studying other subjects. 46．What is the passage mainly about? A．How to learn a second language. B．How language learning helps brainpower. C．People’s ability to learn a second language. D．The relationship between language learning and math study. 【答案】43．D 44．B 45．D 46．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了语言学习是如何帮助提高智力的。 43．推理判断题。根据第二段的句子“Researchers found that learning other languages changes grey matter (大脑灰质), which is the area of the brain which deals with information. It is similar to the way that exercise builds muscles. (研究人员发现，学习其他语言会改变大脑中处理信息的灰质。这与锻炼肌肉的方式类似。)”可知，学习其他语言会改变大脑中处理信息的灰质。作者把这种影响比作锻炼与肌肉的关系，是因为锻炼会增加肌肉，是肌肉增加的过程，也说明学习其他语言是大脑灰质增加的过程。故选D项。 44．细节理解题。根据第四段的句子“Scans showed that grey matter density (密度) in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language. But the longer a person waited before mastering a new language, the smaller the difference.(扫描显示，双语者大脑中的灰质密度比不懂第二语言的人要高。但是，一个人在掌握一门新语言之前等待的时间越长，差异就越小。)”可知，一个人越早开始学习第二语言，他的大脑灰质密度就越高。故选B项。 45．推理判断题。根据第六段的句子“Professor Dylan Vaughan Jones of the University of Wales has researched the link between bilingualism and math skills. “Having two languages gives you two windows on the world and makes the brain more flexible” he said, “You are actually going beyond language and have a better understanding of different ideas.”(威尔士大学的迪伦·沃恩·琼斯教授研究了双语能力和数学技能之间的联系。他说：“掌握两种语言给了你观察世界的两扇窗户，让你的大脑更加灵活。你实际上超越了语言，对不同的想法有了更好的理解。”)”可知，双语能力和数学技能之间有联系。根据第七段的句子“The findings were matched in a study of native Italian speakers who had learned English as a second language between the ages of 2 and 34. Reading, writing and comprehension were all tested. The results showed that the younger they started to learn, the better.(这一发现与一项针对以意大利语为母语、在2岁至34岁之间将英语作为第二语言学习的人的研究相吻合。阅读、写作和理解都接受了测试。结果显示，越早开始学习，效果越好。)”可知，第二语言的学习对阅读、写作和理解力都有影响。所以作者在最后两段想告诉我们早期学习第二语言有助于学习其他科目。故选D项。 46．主旨大意题。根据第二段的句子“According to a new study by a British university, learning another language can lead to an increase in your brain power.(根据英国一所大学的一项新研究，学习另一门语言可以提高你的智力。)”可知，作者提出了学习第二语言可以提高智力的观点，然后，下文详细介绍了语言学习是如何帮助提高脑力的。故选B项。 Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. An opinion poll was conducted in the early 1990s to find out the cultural attitudes of residents of five countries in Western Europe (Britain, France, Italy, Spain and Germany). One thousand people, forming a representative sample of the adult population, from each of the five participating countries were interviewed. The poll assumed that literature, history, science, arts, law, economics and so on would be regarded as significant elements of culture by all participants, but it set out to examine the areas which they considered the most important forms of cultural expression. In addition, the poll required interviewees to indicate in a questionnaire the type of education they considered most appropriate for the modern world, the best channels of knowledge and arts they most valued. 47 The results of the poll show interesting differences between the participating nations in terms of which components of culture they regard as most important forms of cultural expression. For the French and Italians, literature comes well at the top of the list. 48 History occupies second place for the French, the Italians and Germans but is given very low priority by the British. For the Spanish these four areas are more or less equal, with mathematics having a slight edge. It seems that members of each country in the survey have a common definition of culture but that definition varies from country to country. 49 The French and Italians are literary peoples, the British scientific and the Germans practical and hard-working. France has the distinction, according to the results of the poll, of being the country which provokes most interest from its British. Italian and German neighbors. 50 The French also placed Italy first. Italy occupies second place for both the British and the Germans. It would seem, then, that the “literary” nations of France and Italy are more culturally exciting than the scientific British or the practical Germans! A．In contrast, mathematics is given priority by the British and economics,/politics by the  Germans. B．There are clear differences in the views of various European nations. C．The interviewees were also asked which European country they found most attractive from a cultural point of view. D．Spanish interviewees indicated more interest in Italy than in France. E．The residents of the five countries of the survey share the view that books are the best way of broadening knowledge. F．The variations tend to support the national stereotypes we have of one another. 【答案】47．C 48．A 49．F 50．D 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一个关于西欧五个国家(英国、法国、意大利、西班牙和德国)居民的文化态度的民意调查。 47．根据空前的“In addition, the poll required interviewees to indicate in a questionnaire the type of education they considered most appropriate for the modern world, the best channels of knowledge and arts they most valued.”可知，此外，调查要求受访者在问卷中指出他们认为最适合现代世界的教育类型、他们最重视的知识和艺术的最佳渠道，此处承接上文，讲的还是受访者被要求回答的问题，故C项（受访者还被问及，从文化角度看，他们认为哪个欧洲国家最具吸引力）符合语境。 48．本空前说对于法国人和意大利人来说，文学是最好的选择，空后又说法国人、意大利人和德国人把历史排在第二位，但英国人对历史的重视程度很低，此处应该介绍其他学科的情况，故A项（相比之下，数学被英国人优先考虑，经济学/政治学被德国人优先考虑）符合语境。 49．根据本空前的“It seems that members of each country in the survey have a common definition of culture but that definition varies from country to country.”可知，调查中每个国家的人似乎对文化都有一个共同的定义，但这个定义因国家而异，此处承接上文，讲的是这种文化差异带来的影响，故F项（这些差异往往支持我们对彼此的国家刻板印象）符合语境。 50．根据空后的“The French also placed Italy first.”可知，法国也把意大利排在第一位，此处应该提到一种对意大利更感兴趣的情况，故D项（西班牙受访者对意大利的兴趣高于法国）符合语境。 【点睛】在六选四的解题过程中，一定要注意选项和上下文中出现的表示转折、并列或递进关系的词语，这些关联词往往是重要线索，例如本篇第4题，根据空后的“The French also placed Italy first.”可知，法国也把意大利排在第一位，“also”一词表明此处应该提到一种与后面并列的情况，即：对意大利更感兴趣，故D项（西班牙受访者对意大利的兴趣高于法国）符合语境。 IV. Summary Writing （10分） 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in NO MORE THAN 60 WORDS. Use your own words as far as possible. Tired of walling in end loss lines to pay for what you have bought? Angry at wasting time in traffic jams only to find no parking spaces when you eventually arrive at the store? If this is you, then online shopping is the answer to your dreams of trouble-free shopping. However, online shopping brings its own challenges. Here are a few things to remember when browsing various websites. The claim made by online sites is that shopping online is a safe way to make purchases. The evidence challenges this. In any case, you only have to be the victim of fraud (诈骗) once to experience all the problems that come with this form of stealing. Another problem is the appearance of Items in reality is often quite different from what you see on your computer screen. This might not be a problem if you are buying washing up powder but could be a major disappointment when that beautiful blue dress you ordered turns up in green. Some even argue that online shopping indirectly causes global warning. Yes, your car can stay parked but how are online goods delivered? Often by some large vans pouring out carbon monoxide and adding to our already desperate traffic problems. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Online shopping can free you of the trouble you meet when buying things in store. However, it has challenges. Firstly, you should bear in mind that you must use sites which deserve trusting. Secondly, you shouldn’t believe all the descriptions because they may be untrue. Lastly, you should know although the delivery may be late, it may cause global warming. 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了网购的优势及需要注意的几个问题。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①However, online shopping brings its own challenges. ②The claim made by online sites is that shopping online is a safe way to make purchases. The evidence challenges this. ③Another problem is the appearance of Items in reality is often quite different from what you see on your computer screen.   ④Some even argue that online shopping indirectly causes global warning.   2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 First of all, you should remember that you must use trustworthy websites. Secondly, you should not believe all the descriptions, because they may not be true. Finally, you should know that while delivery may be late, this could contribute to global warming. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Online shopping can free you of the trouble you meet when buying things in store.（运用了when引导的时间状语从句以及从句的省略用法） [高分句型2] Firstly, you should bear in mind that you must use sites which deserve trusting.（运用了that引导的宾语从句以及which引导的定语从句） V. Translation （15分） Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52．我们相约周末去看花展。（appointment） 【答案】We made an appointment to go to see flower show at weekends. 【详解】考查名词、固定搭配和时态。“我们”翻译为we；“相约去做某事”翻译为make an appointment to do；“去看花展”翻译为go to see flower show；“在周末”翻译为 at weekends；句子描述过去发生的事应该用一般过去时。故翻译为We made an appointment to go to see flower show at weekends. 53．虽然他们是双胞胎，他们却性格迥异。(vary) 【答案】Although they are twins, they vary in character. 【详解】考查让步状语从句，动词和时态。描述客观事实，用一般现在时，双胞胎译为“twins”，在某方面有差异，用固定短语vary in，性格译为“character”，根据句意用although引导的让步状语从句，结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为Although they are twins, they vary in character. 54．这个家庭主妇选了一些冷冻食品， 其中三分之一贴着可回收包装的标签。(a third of which) 【答案】The housewife chose some refrigerated food, a third of which was labelled as “recyclable packaging.” 【详解】考查固定短语和定语从句。句子陈述过去发生的事实，时态为一般过去时。主语为the housewife；表示“选择”应用动词choose，过去式为chose；表示“一些冷冻食品”为some refrigerated food；后跟“介词+关系代词which”结构引导非限制性定语从句修饰some refrigerated food，表示“其中三分之一”应用a third of which；表示“贴着标签”与先行词food之间为被动关系，应用be labelled as，be动词使用was；表示“可回收包装”为recyclable packaging。故翻译为The housewife chose some refrigerated food, a third of which was labelled as “recyclable packaging.” 55．生活不是马拉松，而是一段旅程。在旅途中，我们欣赏美景，结交朋友。(where) 【答案】Life is not a marathon but a journey, where we enjoy beautiful scenery and make friends. 【详解】考查固定结构、定语从句、动词（短语）和名词。句子在介绍通常的情况，时态宜用一般现在时，整个句子可处理为主从复合句，将“在旅途中，我们欣赏美景，结交朋友”处理为用关系副词where引导的非限制性定语从句，对先行词“旅程”作补充说明；主句的主语“生活”用名词life，系动词用is，“不是……而是……”可用not A but B的结构，“马拉松”应用名词a marathon，“一段旅程”可用名词a journey；从句中主语“我们”用代词we，“欣赏美景”可用动词短语enjoy beautiful scenery，“结交朋友”可用动词短语make friends，两个动词短语之间用并列连词and连接。故可译为：Life is not a marathon but a journey, where we enjoy beautiful scenery and make friends. VI. Guided Writing （25分） 56．Directions: Write an English composition in about 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是明启中学高一学生李华，你校正在进行“行走中国”主题的英语征文大赛，现请你给学生会投稿，参加征文比赛，结合你的旅游经历谈谈你如何理解旅行的意义。 你的作文需包括： 1.你的一段“行走中国”旅行经历： 2.你对旅行意义的理解。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 A Personal Journey Through China As a freshman of Mingqi High School, I am very excited to take part in the English essay contest with the theme of “Traveling Around China”.      Last summer, I embarked on a journey to the ancient city of Xi’an, which is a place rich in history and culture. Walking past the Terracotta Warriors, I was struck by their intricate details and the sheer size of the statues, each of which stood guard over the tomb of China’s first emperor for more than two millennia.      For me, the meaning of travel is not just about the scenery you see or the places you visit. Rather, it is a journey of self-discovery and personal growth. Travel allows us to step out of our comfort zones, embrace new experiences, and learn about different cultures and traditions. It fosters empathy and understanding and helps us appreciate human interconnection. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生以“行走中国”为主题，写一篇文章，给校学生会投稿，结合自己的旅游经历谈谈如何理解旅行的意义。 【详解】1.词汇积累 兴奋的：excited →thrilled 意义：meaning→significance 培养：foster→cultivate 参加：take part in→participate in 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：As a freshman of Mingqi High School, I am very excited to take part in the English essay contest with the theme of “Traveling Around China”. 拓展句：As a freshman of Mingqi High School, I am very excited to take part in the English essay contest, the theme of which is “Traveling Around China”. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Last summer, I embarked on a journey to the ancient city of Xi’an, which is a place rich in history and culture. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] Walking past the Terracotta Warriors, I was struck by their intricate details and the sheer size of the statues, each of which stood guard over the tomb of China’s first emperor for more than two millennia. (运用了“介词+which”引导的非限制性定语从句) 2 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$