Unit 8 Green Living 拓展提升 -2024-2025学年高中英语阅读必修第三册（北师大版）

Unit 8 Green Living )4.What does Rex want to tell us in the last paragraph? A.The Arctic is on the way to dying. B.The beautiful Arctic is well worth visiting. C.We should take action to protect the Arctic. D.We should try our best to seize small chances. 拓展提升 A 【2021年重庆市清华中学校高一月考】 When we buy something new,we get rid of what's old.That cycle of consumption has made electronics waste the world's fastest-growing solid-waste stream,which is expected to grow as the world upgrades to 5G.However,less than a quarter of U.S.electronic waste is recycled,the rest ending up as rubbish,posing environmental risks. Part of the problem concerns rule.In states without laws banning electronics from the regular trash,electronics often end up in garbage.Even when e-waste rules exist,it's left to consumers to handle their old devices properly.But recycling them can be a pain.People have to take their electronics to a store,which may pay them for it or charge them to get rid of it.Many consumers simply throw their devices into the trash or throw them in a drawer. One solution is to make electronics last as long as they once did.Yet, technology companies are speeding the pace of being deserted."It's a strategy by producers to force us into shorter upgrade cycles,"said Kyle Wiens,the founder of iFixit,which publishes do-it-yourself repair guides. Some environmental groups say big companies like Apple and Samsung should pick up the cost of recycling the devices they sell.Lawmakers have passed Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)laws,which require producers to establish and fund -49— 高中英语阅读（北师大版必修第三册） systems to recycle or collect deserted products. Some companies are increasing their recycling efforts on their own.For example, Apple in 2018 introduced Daisy,a smartphone-recycling robot that can take apart 200 iPhones every hour.But that's a drop in the bucket compared with the 50 million tons of e-waste produced globally last year. 根据短文内容，选出最佳选项。 ( )1.What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A.A large number of electronics end up as waste. B.E-waste problems will be solved if laws are made. C.Most people prefer to sell their old electronics to stores. D.E-waste is the biggest threat to environment. ()2.According to Kyle Wiens,technology companies A.are trying to collect their deserted products B.have a short life cycle because of the market C.intend to shorten the life cycle of products D.struggle to provide goods with good quality ( )3.What might be the writer's attitude towards the future of the e-waste recycling? A.Positive. B.Unconcerned. C.Confident. D.Doubtful. )4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A.Choice for Recycled Electronics B.Solutions to the Mountain of E-waste C.Bad Effects of E-waste on the Environment D.Companies on Duty for Nature Protection B 【2021年石家庄高二月考】 A University College London study looked at car use to conclude that cities have to become car-free to survive.Simply put,if we don't reduce the number of cars in —50— Unit 8 Green Living our cities then they will just completely clog up and stop moving. The study notes the number of cars is actually increasing faster than that of people.In 2019,80 million cars were built while the population increased by 78 million.And the mass production of those cars was responsible for 4%of global carbon dioxide(CO2)emissions（排放)，which is bigger than aviation(航空)and that's before you even fuel them up. The study authors construct a mathematical model,and residents choose driving their car or taking public transport on the basis of the time it takes to do the trip. "All individuals decide their commuting (mode trying to reduce their costs, but the result is the overall worst-case situation,where the average commuting time is longer and all people decide to use their car.write the authors of the study. Besides,policymakers tend to construct even more car infrastructure（基a础设 )and invest even more in private cars,which then encourages more private vehicle use and results in even more traffic jams. Possible solutions have to be actively encouraged,with more travel options,plus local shops and services. Also,increasing the costs could be achieved by reducing the space devoted to cars,with more public transport lanes,wider sidewalks,and pedestrian roads,for example. Dr.Humberto,one author of the study said,"If our goal is to have more liveable and developed cities,then we must take part of this land and give it to other modes of transportation:walking,cycling and public transport." 根据短文内容，选出最佳选项。 ( )1.Which of the following can replace the underlined words "clog up"? A.Turn down. B.Break down. C.Make troubles. D.Get stuck. ( )2.What can we infer from the numbers in Paragraph 2? A.The number of cars is larger than population. B.Car production creates more CO,than aviation. 51 高中英语阅读（北师大版必修第三册） C.CO2 emission is largely affected by car production. D.Global CO,emission is more serious than expected. )3.What result do study authors get from their model? A.It is hard for people to keep a balance. B.It takes more time to drive cars to work. C.More cars can be used to save time. D.Driving cars can keep the cost down. )4.What can be a possible way to reduce car use? A.Building parking lots. B.Saving land for cars. C.Producing less cars. D.Riding a bike to work. C 【2021年河南省许昌高中高二月考】 Masks that helped save lives are proving a deadly danger for wildlife,with birds and sea creatures trapped in the shocking number of thrown-away facial coverings. Single-use masks have been found around pavements,waterways and beaches worldwide.Worn once,the thin protective materials can take hundreds of years to decompose(分解).“Face masks aren't going away any time soon一but when we throw them away,these items can harm the environment and the animals."Ashley Fruno of animal rights group PETA said. In Britain,a gull was rescued by the RSPCA after its legs became tangled in the straps (of a mask for up to a week.The animal welfare charity took it to a wildlife hospital for treatment before its release. The biggest impact may be in the water.More than 1.5 billion masks made their way into the world's oceans last year,accounting for around 6,200 extra tons of ocean plastic pollution,according to environmental group Oceans Asia. Conservationists in Brazil found one mask inside the stomach of a penguin after its body was washed up on a beach,while a dead puffer fish was discovered caught inside another off the coast of Miami.French campaigners found a dead crab trapped in a mask near the Mediterranean.Masks and gloves are "particularly problematic" 52- Unit8 Green Living for sea creatures,says George Leonard,chief scientist from NGO Ocean Conservancy. "When those plastics break down in the environment,they then enter the food chain and impact entire ecosystems."he added. There has been a shift towards greater use of reusable cloth masks as the pandemic()has worn on,but many are still using the lighter single-use varieties.Campaigners have urged people to bin them properly and cut the straps to reduce the risk of animals becoming trapped.Oceans Asia has also called on governments to increase fines for littering and encourage the use of washable masks. 根据短文内容，选出最佳选项。 )1.What's Paragraph I mainly about? A.The problem of littering masks. B.The threat of masks to wildlife. C.The long time to break down masks. D.The protective use of masks to people. ()2.What did the animal welfare charity do to the gull? A.They gave first aid to the bird. B.They released the bird at once. C.They kept the bird for about a week. D.They sent the bird to hospital. ( )3.How is Paragraph 4 developed? A.By making comparisons. B.By giving explanations. C.By providing examples. D.By analyzing causes. )4.Which measure has been taken to help solve the problem? A.Wearing reusable cloth masks. B.Forbidding the use of single-use masks. C.Cutting the masks up before throwing. D.Increasing fines for binning masks. —53- 高中英语阅读（北师大版必修第三册）】 D 【2019全国卷I卷】 Is Fresh Air Really Good for You? We all grew up hearing people tell us to "go out and get some fresh air.I According to recent studies,the answer is a big YES,if the air quality in your camping area is good. 2 If the air you're breathing is clean-which it would be if you're away from the smog of cities-then the air is filled with life-giving,energizing oxygen.If you exercise out of doors,your body will learn to breathe more deeply,allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles (and your brain. Recently,people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing ()3 In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery.It turns out that just looking at green,growing things can reduce stress,lower blood pressure,and put people into a better mood ()Greenery is good for us.Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead.4 It gives us a great feeling of peace. 5 While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin,they also give us beneficial vitamin D.To make sure you get enough vitamin D-but still protect your skin -put on sunscreen right as you head outside.It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working,and that's plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day's worth of vitamin D. 根据短文内容，从下面选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项。选项中 有两项为多余选项。 A.Fresh air cleans our lungs. B.So what are you waiting for? C.Being in nature refreshes us. D.Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight. E.But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said? -54— Unit 8 Green Living F.Just as importantly,we tend to associate fresh air with health care. G.All across the country,recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens. 2. 3」 4 5. E 【2021深圳市第七高级中学高三月考】 A Plastic Ocean is a film to make you think.Think,and then act.We need to take action on our dependence on plastic.We've been producing plastic in huge quantities.Drinking bottles,shopping bags and even clothes are made with plastic. 1 What happens to all the rest?This is the question the film A Plastic Ocean answers The film begins as a journey to film the largest animal on the planet,the blue whale.But during the journey,the filmmakers make the shocking discovery of a huge,thick layer of plastic floating in the Indian Ocean.2 In total,they visited 20 locations around the world during the four years to make the film. In the film there are beautiful shots of the seas and marine life.3 We see how marine species(海洋物种)are being killed by all the plastic we are dumping (in the ocean.The message about our use of plastic is painfully obvious. 4 In the second half,the filmmakers look at what we can do to deal with the problem. They present short-term and long-term solutions.These include avoiding plastic containers and recycle as much as you can.The filmmakers also stress the need for governments to work more on recycling programmes. We make a shocking amount of plastic.Over 300 million tons of plastic are produced every year,and at least 8 million of those are dumped into the oceans.The results are disastrous,but it isn't too late to change.5 根据短文内容，从下面选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项。选项中 有两项为多余选项。 A.In conclusion,we only have one earth to live on. B.But the film doesn't only present the negative side. —55 高中英语阅读（北师大版必修第三册） C.It has raised public concern all over the world. D.These are contrasted with dumps of plastic rubbish E.Once you've seen the film,you'll realize it is time to do our part. F.We live in a world full of plastic,and only a small amount is recycled. G.This causes them to travel around the world to look at other affected areas. 3 4 5 高考链接 A 【2019年浙江卷】 California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s,according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor () The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46,000 square miles of California forests,the new study finds.No area was spared or unaffected,from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles.In the Sierra high country,the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent;in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent. Many factors contributed to the decline,said Patrick McIntyre,an ecologist who was the lead author of the study.Woodcutters targeted big trees.Housing development pushed into the woods.Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources () But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010,McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development. The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest —56—高中英语阅读(北师大版 必修第三册) 此次科考中遇到的困难。故选A。 4.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Andwe shoulddo everything we canto preserve this region and use the small chance we still have to preserve it."(我们应 该尽我们所能来保护这一地区,利用我们仍然拥有的微小机会来保护它。)可知 Rex呼吁人们采取行动来保护北极。故选C。 拓展提升 4 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了电子垃圾的处理问题。 1.A 细节理解题。D项文中未提及,排除;根据第二段“Evenwhene-waste rules exist, it's left to consumers to handle their old devices properly.”(即使存在电 子垃圾规定,消费者也需要妥善处理他们的旧设备。)可知,B项“如果制定了法 律,电子垃圾问题将得到解决。”错误,排除;根据第二段“Manyconsumerssimply throw their devices into the trash or throw them in a drawer.”(许多消费者只是把 他们的设备扔进垃圾桶或扔进抽屉里。)可知,C项“大多数人喜欢把他们的旧申 器卖给商店。”错误,排除;根据第一段“However,less thanaquarter of U.S. electronic waste is recycled, the rest ending up as rubbish, posing environmental risks.”(然而,美国只有不到四分之一的电子垃圾被回收,剩下的都变成了垃 圾,造成了环境风险。)可知,A项正确。故选A。 2. C 推理判断题。根据第三段"'It's a strategyby producers to force us into shorter upgrade cvcles,'said Kyle Wiens, the founder of iFixit, which publishes do it-yourself repairguides.”(“这是生产商的一种策略,迫使我们缩短升级周期,” KyleWiens说。他是iFixit公司的创始人,该公司出版了自已动手修理指南。)可 知,KyleWiens认为科技公司缩短产品生命周期的设计。故选C 3. D 推理判断题。根据最后一段“For example,Apple in2018 introduced Daisy, a smartphone-recycling robot that can take apart 2OO iPhones every hour. But that's a drop in the bucket compared with the 5O million tons of e-waste produced globally lastyear.”(例如,苹果在2018年推出了智能手机回收机器人Daisy,每小 时可以拆卸200部iPhone。但与去年全球产生的5000万吨电子垃圾相比,这只是 沧海一粟。)可知,作者对电子垃圾回收未来的发展持怀疑态度。故选D -106- 参考答案 4.B 标题归纳题。通读全文,文章第一段提出电子垃圾的问题,第二段讲 述了电子垃圾处理的现状,第三段往后则重点讲述处理电子垃圾的一些措施,故 B项“解决堆积如山的电子垃圾”作为标题最佳。故选B B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述人们为了方便更倾向于选择开 车出行,这样反而导致城市交通堵塞,出行成本增加。如果一个城市要长期可持 续地发展就要改变目前的交通方式,更多地乘坐公共交通工具或步行、骑自行车 出行。 1.D 词义猜测题。根据第一段"if wedon't reduce the number of cars in our cities then they will just completely clog up and stop moving.”(如果不减少城市里 汽车的数量的话,它们会导致交通完全clogup,以致无法行进。)可知,clogup和 车数量多会造成交通拥堵相关。A.Turndown拒绝:B.Breakdown打破:C.Make troubles制造麻烦;D. Get stuck堵塞。Get stuck与clogup“堵塞”同义,故选D。 2. B 推理判断题。根据第二段"And the mass production of those cars was responsible for 4% of global carbon dioxide(CO,) emissions(排放),which is bigger than aviation(航空) and that's before you even fuel them up.”(那些汽车的 大量生产所带来的C0。排放就占了全球总排放的4%,这比航空业带来的排放 量还多。那甚至还是在你给它们加油前。)可知,汽车制造产生的C0。排放量比 航空业带来的排放量还要多。故选B。 3.B 细节理解题。根据第三段“All individuals decide their commuting(通 勤) mode trying to reduce their costs, but the result is the overall worst-case situation, where the average commuting time is longer and all people decide to use theircar.”(所有人选择他们的通勤方式,试图减少他们的出行成本,但是结果是 总体上最坏的情况,所有人都决定使用他们的汽车,平均通勤时间更长。)可知 作者从他们的模型中得出:所有人都开车上班,通勤时间会更长,故选B 4. D 细节理解题。根据最后一段“If ourgoal isto have more livable and developed cities, then we must take part of this land and give it to other modes of transportation:walking,cyclingandpublictransport.”可知,步行、骑自行车或选择 公共交通方式会使城市发展得更好。故选D 高中英语阅读(北师大版 必修第三册) C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了曾经帮助拯救生命的口罩,现 在被证明对野生动物有致命的危险,鸟类和海洋生物被困在数量惊人的丢弃的 覆盖物中。文章列举了一些口罩对野生动物造成威胁的例子和对此问题的解决 措施。 1.B 段落大意题。根据第一段"Face masks aren't going away any time soon- but when we throw them away, these items can harm the environment and the animals.'AshleyFruno of animal rightsgroupPETAsaid.”可知,口罩不会很快消 失,但是当我们扔掉它们的时候,这些物品会危害环境和动物。因此第一段主要 讲述了口罩对野生动物的威胁。故选B 2.D 细节理解题。根据第二段“InBritain,agullwas rescuedby the RSPCA after its legs became tangled in the straps(带子) of a mask for up to a week. The animal welfare charity took it to a wildlife hospital for treatment before its release.”可 知他们把鸟送到医院。故选D 3.C 推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知,巴西的自然资源保护者在一只企 鹅的户体被冲上海滩后,在它的肚子里发现了一个口罩,而在迈阿密海岸边的另 一只企鹅肚子里发现了一只死河豚。法国环保人士在地中海附近发现一只死 被困在口罩里。因此可以看出,第四段是通过举例子来展开的。故选C。 4.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Therehasbeenashifttowards greater use of reusable cloth masks as the pandemic(疫情)has worn on”可知,随着 疫情的蔓延,人们开始更多地使用可重复使用的布制口罩。故选A D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主题语境为人与自然。文章围绕新鲜空气是 否对我们有好处这一话题进行阐述 1.E 设空处前句提到“go out andget somefreshair”,设空处马上针对呼吸 新鲜空气这件事情进行提问,然后设空处后一句就是针对提问的回答“th answer isabigYES”,所以选择E项。 2.A 设空处后面一整段都是在阐述呼吸新鲜空气的好处,尤其两次提到 oxygen(氧气),且设空处位于段首,所以设空处是整段的主题句,而且话题需要 -108- 参考答案 一致,oxygen与A项中的lungs有联系,所以选择A项。 3.G 设空处前一句中的关键词healing与G项中的HealingGardens对应, G项中的recovery与设空处后一句中的recovery对应。此外,G项中出现Healing Gardens,后一句出现In these places来指代HealingGardens,因此答案是G项。 4.C 根据本段的第三句“In these places patients can go to be near nature duringtheirrecovery.”可知,此段讲了接近大自然有助于病人的康复,而下文对 有哪些帮助进行了进一步说明,所以在本段的最后再次进行总结,话题依然是与 大自然有关,所以选择C项。C项中nature与话题一致,与设空处后一句均是对 本段话题的收尾。 5.D 根据设空处位置可以推测此处为主题句,是对本段话题的开启。设 空处后一句中的the sun's rays与D项中的sunlight对应。而D项中Another side benefitofgettingfreshair又是对前面段落中阐述呼吸新鲜空气有好处的延伸,因 此D项是最佳选项。 E 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了电影《塑料海洋》的制作和其 反映的塑料污染问题,告诉我们应该提高环保意识,改变现状。 1. F 上文"We've been producing plastic in huge quantities. Drinking bottles, shopping bags and even clothesare madewithplastic.”(我们一直在大量生产塑 料。饮料瓶、购物袋甚至衣服都是用塑料做的。)说明我们在制造大量的塑料,生 活在一个充满塑料的世界,再结合下文“What happenstoalltherest?This is the questionthefilmAPlasticOceananswers.”(剩下的怎么办?这就是电影《塑料海 洋》回答的问题。)可知,设空处承上启下,讲我们生活在充满塑料的世界,以及 塑料的去处。F项“我们生活在一个充满塑料的世界,只有一部分被回收”,符合 题意。故选F。 2. G 上文"But during the journey,the filmmakers make the shocking discovery of a huge,thick layer of plastic floating in the Indian Ocean.”(但在旅途 中,电影制作人震惊地发现印度洋上漂浮着一层巨大而厚的塑料。)说明在印度 洋上发现了大量的塑料垃圾,下文“Intotal,theyvisited20 locationsaroundthe worldduringthe four years tomake the film.”(在拍摄这部电影的四年时间里,他 -109- 高中英语阅读(北师大版 必修第三册) 们一共访问了世界上20个地方。)说明他们访问了很多地方的受污染地区,设空 处承上启下,说明在印度洋上发现的大量塑料垃圾促使他们到世界各地去观察 其他受影响地区。故选G。 3. D 上文"In the film there are beautiful shots of the seas and marine life."(影 片中有海洋和海洋生物的美丽镜头。),下文“We see howmarine species arebeing killed by all the plastic we are dumping in the ocean.”(我们看到海洋生物是如何被 倾倒在海洋中的塑料所杀死的。),可知,前后内容“美好的景色与倒进海里的垃圾' 形成鲜明对比,符合语境,D项中的These指代上文提到的美丽镜头。故选D。 4. B 上文"We see how marine species are being killed by all the plastic we are dumping in the ocean. The message about our use of plastic is painfully obvious." (我们看到海洋生物是如何被倾倒在海洋中的塑料所杀死的。关于我们使用塑 料的信息显而易见。)说明这部电影展现出了大量的垃圾倒进海里的消极的一 面,下文"In the second half, the filmmakers look at what we can do to deal with the problem.”(在第二部分,电影制作人着眼于我们能做些什么来处理这个问题。) 说明这部电影不仅展示了消极的方面,还展示了如何解决问题。B项“但这部申 影不只是呈现了消极的一面”符合语境。故选B 5. E 上 文"We make a shocking amount of plastic. Over 3O0 million tons of plastic are produced every year, and at least 8 million of those are dumped into the oceans. The results are disastrous, but it isn't too late to change.”(我们生产的塑料 数量惊人。每年生产的塑料超过3亿吨,其中至少有800万吨被倾倒进海洋。 结果是灾难性的,但现在改变还为时不晚。)说明我们制造了太多的塑料垃圾,结 果将是灾难性的,但改变为时未晚。由此可推知,在看过这部电影后,我们会意 识到是时候发挥自已的作用了。E项“一旦你看过这部电影,你就会意识到是时 候做我们的工作了”符合语境。故选E 高考链接 A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了加利福尼亚州树木大面积损 失的严重性,并分析了树木损失的原因 1.A 段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知,新的研究发现,加利福尼亚州超 -110-