Unit 8 Comic strip&Welcome to the unit～Reading 学案 2024-2025学年牛津译林版英语八年级下册

知识梳理： 1. Are you serious? serious形容词，意为“认真的，严肃的”。在句中作定语或表语。 【例句】我想认真地跟你谈一谈。I want to have a serious talk with you. 那个老人看起来很严肃。 【答案】The old man looks very serious. 【拓展】①be serious about sb. / sth. 对某人/某事是认真的 【例句】你应该认真工作。 【答案】You should be serious about your work. ②be serious about doing sth.对做某事当真 【例句】他真的想当医生吗？ 【答案】Is he serious about wanting to be a doctor? ③seriously副词，意为“认真地，严肃地，严重地”。 【例句】那个女孩病情严重。我们必须马上送她去医院。 The girl is seriously ill. We must send her to hospital at once. 2. We can save energy by turning off the lights when we leave a room. （1）句中的save用作及物动词，意为“节约”。 【例句】请每天节约用水。Please save water every day. 【拓展】save其他含义： ①save用作及物动词，还可意为“储蓄，储存”。 【例句】杰克为了买电脑存了很多钱。Jack saves a lot of money to buy a computer. ②save用作及物动词，还可意为“救，救助”，save one’s life意为“挽救某人的生命”。 【例句】那位著名的医生救了那个男孩的命。 【答案】The famous doctor saved the boy’s life. （2）turn off意为“关上（电器等）”。反义短语为turn on“打开（电器等）”。 【例句】请把收音机关上/打开。Please turn off/on the radio. 【拓展】①turn off与turn on都是“动词 + 副词”结构的短语，当此类短语动词接名词作宾语时，名词置于短语动词后面或动词与副词之间都可以；若接代词作宾语时，代词必须置于动词与副词之间且要用宾格形式。 如：Turn on the computer. = Turn the computer on. Turn them off, please. ② turn up（把音量）调大，调高 turn down （把音量）调小，调低 take turns 轮流 turn into 变成；使变成 turn around 转过身 3. What should we do to live a green life, class? 短语：live a …life意为 “过着……（样）的生活”。 【例句】我祖父母过去过着贫穷的生活。My grandparents lived a poor life in the past. 4. …this causes serious air pollution. 句子中的cause用作及物动词，意为“导致；造成”，其后可直接用造成的结果或发生的事情作宾语，也可接双宾语。 【例句】吸烟导致癌症吗？ Does smoking cause cancer? 他给父母惹了很多麻烦。He caused his parents a lot of trouble. = He caused a lot of trouble for his parents. 【拓展】cause用作可数名词，意为“原因；起因”。 【例句】酒后驾车是交通事故最常见的起因之一。 Driving after drinking is one of the most common causes of traffic accidents. 5. In Switzerland, things like glass, plastic and paper are separated into different groups and then recycled. （1）句中的separate用作及物动词，意为“分开，隔开”；separate…into意为“把……分成”，其被动形式为be separated into，意为“被分成”。 【例句】咱们把他们分成六个组吧。 【答案】Let’s separate them into six groups. 【拓展】separate…from…意为“把……和……分开；把……与……分离”。 【例句】请把白衬衫与黑衬衫分开。Please separate the white shirts from the black ones. （2）recycle及物动词，意为“回收利用，循环利用”。 【例句】我们应该尽力把所有废纸回收再利用。We should try to recycle all our waste paper. 【注意】recycle的名词形式是recycling，意为“回收利用，循环利用”。 【例句】我们将所有的塑料回收利用。We take all our plastic for recycling. 6. Some of the clothes are sold in charity shops, some are given to the poor, and others are sent to factories for recycling. some…, some…, and others…意为“一些……，一些……，还有一些……”。 【例句】公园里有很多人，一些人在散步，一些人在谈话，还有一些人在阅读。 【答案】There are many people in the park. Some are walking, some are talking, and others are reading. 7. For example, we are not allowed to cut down trees. Otherwise, we will be punished. （1）allow及物动词，意为“允许，准许”，常用于下列结构中： ①allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事；allow sb. not to do sth. 允许某人不做某事 【例句】老师允许他进教室。The teacher allowed him to go into the classroom. ②allow doing sth. 允许做某事 【例句】我们不允许在公共场合吸烟。We don’t allow smoking in public. ③be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事 【例句】在图书馆你不准吃东西。 【答案】You’re not allowed to eat anything in the library. （2）cut down意为“砍倒（树木）”。 【例句】去年路边的许多大树被砍倒了。 【答案】Many big trees along the road were cut down last year. 【拓展】cut down还可意为“缩减，减少”。 【例句】你必须把文章缩减到200词左右。You have to cut down your article to about 200 words. （3）otherwise副词，意为“否则；不然”，相当于or（否则）或if not. 【例句】我们得早点儿去，要不然就可能赶不上早班车。 We’ll go earlier. Otherwise, we may not catch the early bus. 8. We depend on its rich resources to live, so it is important for us to protect it wisely. （1）depend on意为“依靠；取决于；视……而定”，其后跟名词、代词或从句。 【例句】万物生长靠太阳。All living things depend on the sun for their growth. 【例句】你的将来取决于你现在的行动。Your future will depend on your current action. （2）wisely副词，意为“明智地，充满智慧地”。其形容词形式为wise，意为“明智的，充满智慧的”。 【例句】你应当明智地利用你的业余时间。 【答案】You should spend your free time wisely. 她最后做了个明智的决定。 【答案】She made a wise decision at last. 9. These new types of energy cost very little and will never run out. 短语：run out意为“用完；耗尽”。 【例句】我们的食物不久就吃光了。Our food ran out soon. 【辨析】run out与run out of 这两个短语都有“用完”的意思，但用法不同。 run out 其主语通常是时间、金钱、食物等无生命的名词，后面不能跟宾语 Water will run out some day if we don’t save it. run out of 表示主动含义，主语一般为人，后面必须跟宾语，意为“把……用完” Peter ran out of his money yesterday. 10. Remember that everyone can do something to make a difference! （1）difference可数名词，意为“差别，差异”，其形容词形式为different，意为“不同的；有差异的”。短语：be different from意为“与……不同”，其副词形式为differently. 【例句】这本书和那本书之间的区别是什么？ 【答案】What is the difference between this book and that one? （2）make a difference (to sb. / sth.) 意为“（对某人/某事）有影响，起作用”。 【例句】这个坏消息对你的工作有影响吗？Does the bad news make a difference to your work? 11. treat something used so that it can be used again （1）used此处为形容词，意为“用过的；二手的”。 【例句】我想低价买一辆二手车。I want to buy a used car at a cheap price. （2）so that意为“以便，为了”，常引导目的状语从句，该从句的谓语动词常和can, may, should等情态动词连用。 【例句】我父亲想给我买一辆自行车以便我能够很快到达学校。 My father wants to buy me a bicycle so that I can get to school quickly. 【拓展】so…that…意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。 【例句】我太累了，不能再走了。 【答案】I am so tired that I can’t walk any further. 12. What do they do to keep their country clean? “keep + sth. / sb. + 形容词”意为“使某物/某人处于某种状态”，形容词作宾语补足语。 【例句】外套能使你暖和。Coats can keep you warm. 【拓展】①keep用作连系动词，意为“保持”，后接形容词作表语。 【例句】我们必须保持健康。 【答案】We must keep healthy. ②keep作实意动词时，意为“保持，继续”。 【例句】她一直说了两个小时。 【答案】She kept talking for two hours. 我很抱歉让你等了这么长时间。 【答案】I’m sorry to keep you waiting for so long. 13. That sounds like a good idea. sound like意为“听起来像”，后可接名词、代词或从句作宾语。 【例句】阳光公园听起来像个不错的地方。 【答案】Sunshine Park sounds like a great place. 【拓展】在英语中，类似sound这样的感官动词，如look, feel, smell, taste等词后均可接介词like，然后再接宾语。 【例句】那个男孩看起来像个学生。 【答案】The boy looks like a student. 典例讲解 1. ---Look, my father bought me a new iPad. ---I don’t think we need too many expensive things even though our parents can them. A. allow B. expect C. afford D. pay 2. ---Why don’t you watch TV at home? ---I’d love to, but my mother doesn’t allow me that. A. do B. did C. to do D. doing 3. Some hobbies reading and painting are very relaxing. A. as well as B. such as C. as a result D. as good as 4. ---Is there a school in this village? ---I’m not sure. There one but now it’s closed. A. used to be B. was used to C. is used for D. was used as 5. Clean water is one of valuable natural . A. our most; resources B. our the most; resources C. the; resources D. our; resource 6. Nowadays the old should in our society. A. be taken good care B. be taken good care of C. be taken well care D. take good care of 7. I hope more libraries like this next year in Donghai. A. built B. was built C. will build D. will be built 8. The naughty boy can always say something to make his father . A. happily B. to laugh C. surprised D. smiling 9. The teacher, as well as the students, happily at the party now. A. danced B. are dancing C. is dancing D. are going to dance 10. We can save water by the tap when brushing our teeth. A. turn off B. turn on C. turning off D. turning on 11. We are sure that oil some day in the future. A. will run out B. will be run out C. will use up D. B and C 【答案】CCBAABDCCCA 14. As well as people, animals are harmed by pollution. 短语：as well as意为“也，还有，而且”。 【例句】他不但有一辆摩托车，还有一辆小汽车。He has got a car as well as a motorbike. 【拓展】as well as用来表示同级比较，意为“和……一样好”。 【例句】汤姆弹钢琴弹得和你一样好。 【答案】Tom plays the piano as well as you. 【注意】as well as连接两个名词或代词做主语时，谓语动词采用就远原则。 【例句】The teacher, as well as the students, has a good time at the party. 15. All of us will have a chance to think about the world around us. （1）have a chance to do sth. = have a chance of doing sth.意为“有机会做某事”。 【例句】去年我有一个去北京的机会。 【答案】I had a chance to Beijing last year. （2）think about意为“考虑；思考”，其后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。 【例句】他那时正在考虑别的事情。 【答案】He was thinking about something else at that time. 16. Use both sides of the paper 句中的both用作形容词，意为“两个都”，后可直接跟复数名词。 【例句】两个女孩都来自英格兰。Both girls are from England. 17. Recycle empty bottles 句中的empty用作形容词，意为“空的”，其反义词为full，用作及物动词时意为“把……倒空”。 【例句】公共汽车几乎是空的。The buses are almost empty. 18. …but few students take their own bags to the supermarket. few在此为形容词，意为“很少的；几乎没有的”，常修饰可数名词复数。 【例句】我刚到这座城市，因此在这里几乎没有朋友。 【答案】I’m new in the city, so I have few friends here. 【辨析】few, a few, little与a little 意义/功能 修饰可数名词复数 修饰不可数名词 表示否定（几乎没有） few little 表示肯定（有些，有几个） a few a little 【例句】There are few eggs in the fridge, so I must buy some. There are a few eggs in the fridge, so I needn’t buy any. There’s little rice in the bowl. I can only speak a little French. 19. Air pollution is harmful to our health. （1）harmful形容词，意为“有害的”，它的反义词是harmless，意为“无害的”。 【例句】我认为这种塑料有害。I think this kind of plastic is harmful. （2）be harmful to意为“对……有害”，相当于do harm to. 【例句】吸烟有害健康。 【答案】Smoking is harmful to your health. = Smoking does harm to your health. 20. Trees also help keep soil in place during storms. 短语：in place此处意为“在正确位置”。 【例句】她习惯放好一切东西。She is used to putting everything in place. 21. Coal, oil and natural gas are not only useful for families, but have a wider use for factories. not only…but (also)…意为“不但……而且……”，其中also可省略，可连接句子的主语、谓语、宾语、表语等成分，它连接主语时，谓语动词的数要与邻近的主语保持一致。 【例句】他不仅会弹钢琴，还会拉小提琴。 【答案】He can play not only the piano but also the violin. 不仅我，而且汤姆也喜欢看电视。 【答案】Not only I but also Tom enjoys watching TV. 她不仅是一名作家，而且还是一名演员。 【答案】She was not only a writer but also an actress. 22. In order to save power, we should turn off the lights when we leave a room. 短语：in order to意为“为了；以便”，引导目的状语，可以置于句首或句末，后面接动词原形。 【例句】他早起是为了赶上第一班公交车。 【答案】He got up early in order to catch the first bus. 【拓展】in order not to do sth.意为“为了不做某事”，这里的not to do sth.是动词不定式的否定形式。 【例句】为了上学不迟到，他起得很早。 【答案】In order not to be late for school, he gets up very early. 23.living things生物 (1) living意为“活着的、有生命的”，主要用于作前置定语及冠词the之后，表示一类人，也可用作表语，可修饰人或物。     a living plant——活的植物     The living will go on with the work of the dead. 活着的人将继续死者的工作。     all living things——所有生物     the living——在世者，活着的人们    Latin is not a living language. 拉丁语不是现代使用的语言。     He is still living at the age of 95. 95岁了他还活着。 2) lovely意为“可爱的”“美好的”。如： a lovely day, a lovely girl 3) alive意为“活着的、有活力的”，是表语形容词，可修饰人或物；在句中做表语宾补或后置定语，不能用作前置定语。     He was alive when he was taken to the hospital. 他被送往医院时还活着。     Although he is old, he is still very much alive. 虽然年老了，但他仍十分活跃。     The fish is still alive/living. 那条鱼还活着。     Keep him alive, please. 请让他活下去吧。     He is the only man alive in the accident. 他是事故中唯一活着的人。     Those alive will gather here. 活着的人将在此相聚。 4) live [laiv]     (1) (动、植物)“活的”“有生命的”“活生生的”，主要用来说鸟或其他动物，作前置定语；如：a live fish——一条活鱼 a live tiger——一只活老虎 (2) 实况的、现场直播的。如：a live report——现场报道；a live show/broadcast/TV program——现场转播的表演/实况广播/现场直播的电视节目 5) lively意为活泼的、有生气的、生动的。 “生动的”可用作表语、定语，指人或物。如：     a lively child——活泼的孩子 a lively description——生动的描述 a lively mind——活跃的头脑； a lively discussion——热烈的讨论； a way of making one's classes lively——使课堂生动的方法     He told a lively story about his life in Africa.他讲述了一个有关他的非洲生活的生动故事。     Young children are usually lively. 年轻人通常很活泼。  随堂练习： Comic strip and Welcome to the unit 一、根据句意及所给的汉语提示写出单词 1. You have caught a cold，but it’s nothing （严重的）. 2. My Taiwan friends plant some （面包树果实）trees in their gardens. 3. ---What is he doing？---He is （挖）a hole in the garden. 4. You are （明智的）to answer this question in such a way. 5. The teacher says we can （回收利用）waste to protect our environment. 6. We must try our best to reduce the air （污染）. 7. Do you know how we can （节约）energy？ 8. Every one of us should know how to protect the （环境）. 9. The costs were （减少）by 20%last year and it was a great success. 10. The heavy rain will （引起）many problems. 二、将下列短语译成英语 1. 对我们有好处 2. 喜欢挖洞 3. 通过骑自行车减少空气污染 4. 通过缩短淋浴时间来节约用水 5. 通过关灯来节省能源 6. 通过垃圾回收来保护环境 7. 过去常常开车送我上学 8. 乘地铁 9. 导致严重的空气污染 三、用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. Which team （support）in the match tonight？ 2. Planting trees （be）good for the environment. 3. The girl found an excuse to avoid （go）out with the man. 4. the school sports meeting （hold）next Friday？ 5. Luсy （hear） (sing) in the park every morning. 6. The school hall is so clean. Who (clean) it just now？ 7. ---How can we reduce air pollution? ---By (ride) bicycles. 8. As soon as the work (finish) tomorrow, they’ll go for a holiday. 9. I (phone) you if I get the news first. 10. Nothing (offer) to them at first, so they didn’t know how to start. 四、单项选择 1. The driver wanted ________ his car near the roadside but was by the police not to. A. park B. parked C. to park D. parking 2. ---How do you learn English words? ---________ watching English movies. A. To B. By C. For D. With 3. They used to ______ to work but now they are used to _______ bikes. A. drive; ride B. driving; ride C. driving; riding D. drive; riding 4. ---Peter, can you come downstairs and do me a favor? ---Yes, mum. I _______. A. came B. come C. am coming 5. English is my favourite subject, and I am good ______ it. A. for B. to C. at D. of 6. Practising in groups is good ____ us to learn English. A. at B. in C. for Reading 一、根据句意及所给的汉语提示写出单词. 1. The teacher （分开）us into four，groups and then we began to work. 2. China is a great country with （丰富的）resources. 3. These machines were （生产）in our factory. 4. My parents don’t w a （允许）me to watch TV unless I finish my homework. 5. We should protect the environment （明智地）. 6. He was late for the class again，so the teacher （惩罚）him. 7. They are twins，but there is too many (区别）between them. 8. To reduce pollution，many supermarkets have stopped providing （塑料）bags. 二、将下列短语译成英语 1. 一个有高山的国家 2. 努力保持那样 3. 被分成不同的组 4. 把...送给... 5.（对某人/物）有影响，起作用 6. 砍倒 三、用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. ---You look unhappy. What’s the matter？ ---I （not hear）from Rose for months. I’m worried about her. 2. Sorry，you aren’t allowed （talk）aloud here. 3. Yesterday Lucy （fine）by the police for parking her car in a wrong place. 4. All the teachers （invite）to take part in the party next week. 5. Tom was seen （jump）into the river and help the child out. 6. Your time ( limit），so don’t waste it living someone else’s life. 7. We haven’t decided how （go）to Shanghai next week. 8. I learnt something about （recycle）clothes. 四.单项选择 1. I _______ little time to get ready for the test, so I wasn’t confident at that time. A. gave B. didn’t give C. was given D. wasn’t given 2. ---Whose notebook is this? ---It _______ Jim’s. It has his name on it. A. can’t be B. must be C. can be 3. Lady Gaga is very popular, and she _______ by many boys and girls at school. A. loves B. is loving C. is loved 4. Keep quiet, please! Talking ______ during the meeting. A. is not allowed B. deal with C. keep up with D. point out with 5. ---We’ve been trying hard, but can’t solve the problem. ---I think you can _______ it in another way. A. share with B. deal with C. keep up with D. point out with 6.---I usually go there by train. ---Why not _______ by boat for a change? A. to trying going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going 7. Trees used to be _____ for cooking by the village in the 1970s. A. cut up B. cut down C. cut off Comic strip and Welcome to the unit答案 一、1. serious 2. breadfruit 3. digging 4. wise 5. recycle 6. pollution 7. save 8. environment 9. reduced 10. cause 二、1. be good for us 2. like digging 3. reduce air pollution by riding bicycle 4. save water by taking shorter showers 5. save energy by turning off the lights 6. protect the environment by recycling waste 7. used to drive me to school 8. take the underground 9. cause serious air pollution 三、1. will be supported 2. is 3. going 4. Will；be held 5. is heard；to sing 6. cleaned 7. riding 8. is finished 9. will phone 10. was offered 四、CBDCCC Reading答案 一、1. separated 2. rich 3. produced 4. allow 5. wisely 6. punished 7. differences 8. plastic 二、1. a country with high mountains 2. try to keep it that way 3. be separated into different groups 4. send...to.... 5. make a difference（to sb./sth.） 6.cut down 三、1. haven’t heard 2. to talk 3. was fined 4. will be invited 5. to jump 6. is limited 7. to go 8. recycling 四、CBCABDB 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$