Unit 5 Into the Unknown单元检测卷(5)-【步步高】2023-2024学年高二英语选择性必修第四册（外研版2019）

单元检测卷(五) 第一部分　听力(共两节，满分30分) 第一节　(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1．Why will the woman set up a drama club? A．To improve students’ spoken English. B．To make new friends with the same interest. C．To create more opportunities for drama lovers. 2．What does the girl mean? A．She wants to pursue her own career. B．Her father should enjoy his retirement. C．She is willing to take over the business. 3．What are the speakers mainly talking about? A．A painter. B．Some pictures. C．A museum. 4．Why did the man make the phone call? A．To get his TV exchanged. B．To get his address checked. C．To get his cable TV box repaired. 5．What time is it actually? A．5：00 p．m. B．5：15 p．m. C．6：50 p．m. 第二节　(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6．What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A．Manager and worker. B．Fellow workers. C．Husband and wife. 7．What does the man think of Diana? A．She is a difficult person. B．She seems bad-tempered. C．She is easy to get along with. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8．Why does the man buy the flowers? A．For his wife’s birthday. B．For the wedding anniversary. C．For his daughter’s graduation. 9．How much does the man save on the roses? A．$5. B．$20. C．$25. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10．When can the woman sign up for the contest? A．On March 14th. B．On March 17th. C．On March 18th. 11．Where will the contest be held? A．In the school hall. B．In the meeting room. C．In the Student Union office. 12．What will the man do first? A．Enter the contest. B．Return to his dormitory. C．Go to the Student Union office. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13．What happened to the woman two years ago? A．She left school. B．She went to college. C．She became a pilot. 14．What is the man doing? A．Applying for a job. B．Introducing himself. C．Conducting an interview. 15．What language is the woman learning at evening classes? A．Spanish. B．French. C．Italian. 16．What is the woman’s shortcoming in her own opinion? A．Shyness. B．Inexperience. C．Overconfidence. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17．What will the weather be like this afternoon? A．Cloudy. B．Rainy. C．Sunny. 18．Which day is the warmest? A．Friday. B．Saturday. C．Sunday. 19．What season is it? A．Autumn. B．Winter. C．Spring. 20．How does the speaker sound in the end? A．Serious. B．Worried. C．Humorous. 答案　1.A　2.A　3.B　4.C　5.A　6.B　7.C 8．A　9.A　10.A　11.A　12.B　13.A　14.C　15.C　16.A　17.B　18.C　19.B　20.C 听力材料 Text 1 W：Today，I’d like to talk to you about an idea that I’ll give you students more opportunities to practice your spoken English.I’m going to found a drama club. M：Great.We can also make new friends there. Text 2 M：Your great-grandfather started this business more than 100 years ago.I really hope that you will take over from me when I retire. W：I’m sorry，Dad.But I really want to be a fashion designer when I grow up. Text 3 M：I know these works！They are by Turner，who is one of the most important painters in British history.But they should be in a museum or a gallery，not here. W：Are you sure that these paintings are original? M：Yes.I studied them at university. Text 4 W：Hello，Valley TV Service.Kylie speaking.What can I do for you? M：Oh，I’m just switching my TV on.But I find my cable TV box isn’t working properly. W：Don’t worry.I’ll send a person to check it.What’s your address，sir? Text 5 W：What time is it？Our train leaves at 6：50 p．m. M：Oh，my watch says a quarter past five.But you know it’s 15 minutes fast.So time is quite enough for us to get to the train station. Text 6 W：Hey，how do you feel about Diana? M：The new manager? W：Yeah.I have a close friend at her former company and he said Diana was always a difficult person. M：Hmm...I don’t think so.I once talked with her.She seemed pretty nice. W：Really？Anyway，I was really tired of our old manager who was so mean.I’m so glad he’s gone. M：I see.I heard him yelling at Bob last month. W：Yes.Well，would you like to try the Italian food with me after work? M：I’d like to，but my wife will cook dinner at home. Text 7 M：Hello.I’d like to buy some flowers for my wife’s birthday. W：Perhaps you’d be interested in red roses. M：How much do the roses cost? W：They’re only $20 a dozen. M：That sounds good.Last month I paid $30 per dozen in another shop for our wedding anniversary. W：Yes，you’re saving money because they’re on sale today.Their regular price is $25 per dozen. M：Good.I’ll take a dozen of your most beautiful roses. W：Okay.I’ll pack them for you.Do you need anything else? M：No，thanks.I’ve prepared a cake and a bottle of perfume. W：Wow，you are such a good husband.Your wife must be very pleased with your arrangements. M：I hope so.My daughter will graduate from university next month.I think I’ll need some lilies by then. Text 8 W：Do you hear the English-speaking competition? M：Yes，but just a little.I heard it would be held in the school meeting room at 6：30 p．m.on March 18th. W：But the Student Union made some changes.It’ll be held in the school hall.And those who want to take part in the competition should sign up for in the Student Union office before March 16th. M：Really？Do you want to enter the competition? W：Yes.Everyone is welcome to participate in it.Five English teachers will be invited to work as judges.And the first 6 winners will be given prizes.The person who wins first prize will be awarded a laptop. M：Sounds great.The prize looks really inviting.I also want to have a try.What do I need to sign up for it? W：Just your student ID. M：Thanks.I left it on the desk in my dormitory.I’ll fetch it right now. Text 9 M：Hello，Bertha，take a seat，please.Could you tell me about yourself? W：Yes.I left school two years ago and worked in a factory for four months.I was out of work for six months.Then I decided to go to college to study Tourism.And my father was a pilot，so I travelled a lot and I thought this might be useful. M：I’m sure it was.Do you speak any other languages except English? W：Yes.I’m fluent in German and Spanish.I’ve learned French at school.And I’m learning Italian at evening classes. M：Excellent.Why did you apply for this job? W：Well，it’s interesting and I want a job with career prospects. M：I see.Well，what’s your weakness? W：Hmm...I’m a bit on the shy side in front of people.But I think I can overcome that by more training. M：OK.Our training will cover that.People usually become more confident with practice.Do you have any experience of working in a travel agency? W：Yes.I did some admin，answered the phones and helped with bookings at Holidays You Go. M：Great.Then we’ll inform you of the result within three days. Text 10 M：Welcome back，listeners.I’m Henry James with the weather.I guess I’d better repeat today’s weather first.We could expect high clouds in the morning and heavy showers for the rest of the day.But the temperature today in England could reach a high of 8 degrees，not too bad.Well，it seems that the rain we have today will stop timely for the weekend.On Saturday，the highest temperature will be the same with today.But the temperature will drop sharply at night，reaching 1 degree.The day after tomorrow，Sunday，it’ll be sunny without winds and warm up a little to 10 degrees.However，we will expect more rainy weather next week.Until next Thursday，you can’t put away your umbrellas.Anyway，fall is over，and the early winter is coming.It’s time to put on heavy coats，folks. But don’t worry too much.Ha-ha，as the saying goes，“If winter comes，can spring be far behind？” 第二部分　阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节　(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A (2023·浙江温州高二统考期末) Many popular modern board games were invented in the United States.But some of our favorite games came from other countries and have deep historic roots. Parcheesi Parcheesi came from India，where it is known as pachisi.The Mogul King Akbar，who ruled India in the 1500s，actually had a life-sized version of pachisi in his garden.Parcheesi came to America around 1870，and now has many variations of it—where each player has four pawns(兵) and races to be the first one to get them all safely to a home base. Checkers Though simpler than Chess，Checkers offers plenty of strategic considerations for its players.Developing from a Middle Eastern game called alquerque，Checkers was introduced to America in the 1930s and has a number of variations that have been played since at least 3000 B．C. Backgammon Backgammon originated in Mesopotamia around 3000 B．C.In the game，two players took turns rolling dice in a race to be the first one to get their 15 pieces off the board.Introduced to America in 1920，Backgammon became wildly popular then and remains so today，especially in its electronic version. Mancala Mancala means “to move” in Arabic.Players take turns to move pieces on its special board until all the pieces have been captured.Ancient game boards dating from the 6th and 7th centuries have been found carved in stone in Ethiopia.Mancala was brought into America in 1940 by immigrants from Cape Verde in Africa.And yes—it is played online! 21．Which of the following was first introduced to America? A．Parcheesi. B．Checkers. C．Backgammon. D．Mancala. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段的“Parcheesi came to America around 1870...”；第三段的“Checkers was introduced to America in the 1930s...”；第四段的“Introduced to America in 1920，Backgammon became wildly popular then and remains so today...”以及最后一段的“Mancala was brought into America in 1940 by immigrants from Cape Verde in Africa.”可知，Parcheesi最先被引入美国。故选A。 22．What do Backgammon and Mancala have in common? A．Each game has four players. B．They have digital versions. C．Their boards were carved in stone. D．They date back to 3,000 years ago. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段的“Introduced to America in 1920，Backgammon became wildly popular then and remains so today，especially in its electronic version.”以及最后一段的“And yes—it is played online！”可知，Backgammon和Mancala的共同之处是都有电子版。故选B。 23．In which column of a magazine can this text be found? A．Health. B．Economy. C．Entertainment. D．Science. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段“Many popular modern board games were invented in the United States.But some of our favorite games came from other countries and have deep historic roots.”可知，文章主要介绍了四种游戏的历史以及传播。由此可推知，文章选自杂志的“娱乐”版面。故选C。 B As a young girl growing up in France，Sarah Toumi dreamed of becoming a leader who could make the world a better place.Her passion to help others was awakened when，from the age of nine，she accompanied her Tunisian father to his birthplace in the east of the country during holidays.There she organized homework clubs and activities for children. Toumi witnessed first-hand the destructive effect of desertification(沙漠化)．“Within 10 years rich farmers became worse off，and in 10 years from now they will be poor.I wanted to stop the Sahara Desert in its tracks.” A decrease in average rainfall and an increase in the severity of droughts have led to an estimated 75 percent of Tunisia’s agricultural lands being threatened by desertification. Toumi recognized that farming practices needed to change.She is confident that small land areas can bring large returns if farmers are able to adapt by planting sustainable crops，using new technologies for water treatment and focusing on natural products and fertilizers(肥料) rather than chemicals. In 2012，Toumi consolidated her dream to fight the desert.She moved to Tunisia，and set up a programme named Acacias for All to put her sustainable farming philosophy into action，“I want to show young people in rural areas that they can create opportunities where they are.Nobody is better able to understand the impact of desertification and climate change than somebody who is living with no access to water.” By September 2016，more than 130,000 acacia trees had been planted on 20 pilot farms，with farmers recording a 60 percent survival rate.Toumi estimates that some 3 million acacia trees are needed to protect Tunisia’s farmland.She had expected to plant 1 million trees by 2018.In the next couple of years，Toumi hopes to extend the programme to Algeria and Morocco. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是一个在法国长大的小女孩创办了名为Acacias for All的项目，通过种植金合欢树来阻止土地沙漠化。 24．How did Toumi’s holiday trips to Tunisia influence her? A．They made her decide to leave the country. B．They helped her better understand her father. C．They fired her enthusiasm for helping others. D．They destroyed her dream of being a teacher. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句“Her passion to help others was awakened when，from the age of nine，she accompanied her Tunisian father to his birthplace in the east of the country during holidays.”可知，她陪着父亲返乡之旅唤醒了她帮助别人的热情。故选C。 25．What is the main cause of the desertification of Tunisia’s farmland? A．Less rainfall. B．Soil pollution. C．Cold weather. D．Forest damage. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第二段末句“A decrease in average rainfall and an increase in the severity of droughts have led to an estimated 75 percent of Tunisia’s agricultural lands being threatened by desertification.”可知，突尼斯的农业土地受到沙漠化的威胁主要是因为降水量少。故选A。 26．Why did Toumi set up Acacias for All in Tunisia? A．To create job opportunities for young people. B．To help the children obtain a basic education. C．To persuade the farmers not to use fertilizers. D．To strengthen the protection of local farmland. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段的“In 2012，Toumi consolidated her dream to fight the desert.She moved to Tunisia，and set up a programme named Acacias for All to put her sustainable farming philosophy into action...”以及最后一段的“Toumi estimates that some 3 million acacia trees are needed to protect Tunisia’s farmland.”可知，Toumi设立这个项目是为了更好地加强对当地农田的保护。故选D。 27．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Saving Water in Tunisia B．Planting Trees for Money C．Fighting Poverty in North Africa D．Sustainable Farming Against Deserts 答案　D 解析　标题归纳题。根据文章第二段的“Toumi witnessed first-hand the destructive effect of desertification(沙漠化)．”可知，Toumi目睹了沙漠化的破坏性；根据第三段的“Toumi recognized that farming practices needed to change.”可知，Toumi认为耕作方式需要改变；结合第四段的“In 2012，Toumi consolidated her dream to fight the desert...set up a programme named Acacias for All...”可以推断，本文主要讲述的是一个小女孩通过可持续农耕来对抗沙漠化，所以“Sustainable Farming Against Deserts”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。 C There is proof that，in the past，large comets(彗星) or asteroids(小行星) have struck the Earth.Thirty-five million years ago，a three-kilometer-wide rock hit the ocean floor,160 kilometers from what is now Washington，D.C.，leaving an 85-kilometer-wide crater(坑) buried beneath Chesapeake Bay.Another giant rock，called Titan，ten kilometers in diameter smashed into the Gulf of Mexico around 65 million years ago，giving off thousands of times more energy than all the nuclear weapons on the planet combined.“The whole Earth burned that day，” says Ed Lu，a physicist and former astronaut.“The chaos and destruction were unimaginable.Three-quarters of all life forms，including the dinosaurs，died out.” Astronomers have found numerous asteroids big enough to cause a disaster for the whole planet.None is on course to do so in our lifetimes，but there are many smaller asteroids that could strike in the near-future，with destructive effects.On June 30,1908，an object as big as a 15-story building fell in Tunguska，a remote part of Siberia.The object，an asteroid or a small comet，exploded several kilometers before impact，burning and blowing down trees across 2,000 square kilometers.Clouds of dust and ice filled the sky.The particles reflected the surfs light onto the Earth，and for days people in Europe could read newspapers outdoors at night.More recently，in 2013，a 20-meter meteor(流星) exploded over Chelyabinsk Oblast，Russia，injuring dozens of people on the ground.It was the largest object to enter the Earth’s atmosphere since Tunguska. The next time a large object falls out of the sky，we may be taken by surprise.Currently，there is no early-warning system for near-Earth objects.However，over the next decade，sky surveys，like the one being done by Tholen，should begin filling that gap.Astronomers are making a list of thousands of asteroids to help us predict the next strike.“Every couple of weeks，” says Lu，“we’re going to be finding another asteroid with，like，a one-in-a-thousand chance of hitting the Earth.” 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了地球曾经被哪些外来星体撞击，以及未来我们有可能怎样预测一些星体撞击事件。 28．When did the largest object mentioned in the text enter the Earth’s atmosphere? A．65 million years ago. B．35 million years ago. C．In 1908. D．In 2013. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。文章第一段讲到两个大的星体撞击了地球，第一个是3 500万年前，一个宽约3千米的岩石，第二个是6 500万年前，一个直径10千米的岩石。第二段讲到了两个较小的星体，所以文中提到的最大的进入地球大气层的物体就是6 500万年前的那个岩石。故选A项。 29．What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 2? A．The recent findings of rare stars. B．The significance of disaster prevention. C．The new knowledge of space travel. D．The threat of comets and asteroids. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。由文章第二段前两句可知，近期不会有足以摧毁整个地球的星体撞击地球，但稍小的星体也可能造成灾难性的后果，结合接下来举的近期两个例子可推知，作者想说明彗星和小行星对地球和人类的威胁。故选D项。 30．What can we infer from Ed Lu’s words? A．The chance of the Earth being hit is decreasing. B．Titan destroyed most life forms on Earth. C．The dinosaurs died out due to a nuclear explosion. D．We have already had mature warning systems. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中Ed Lu说的话“The whole Earth burned that day...Three-quarters of all life forms，including the dinosaurs，died out.”可知Titan 毁灭了地球上大部分的生命形式。故选B项。 31．What is the author’s attitude towards future predictions? A．Pessimistic. B．Indifferent. C．Optimistic. D．Neutral. 答案　C 解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“However，over the next decade...to help us predict the next strike.”可知，作者提到未来会有新方法来更好地预测，以及Ed Lu提到他们正在扩充那些有可能会撞击地球的小行星的清单，可以推断作者是看好未来预测的。故选C项。 D Those who don’t live in cities often complain about or feel surprised at the fact that strangers don’t talk to each other in urban public places.They feel sorry about the way we seem to increasingly get lost in mobile devices，seemingly oblivious to what’s going on around us.But sociologists recognize that the space we give each other in the urban places serves an important social function. Well known sociologist Erving Goffman developed the concept of “civil inattention” in his book Behavior in Public Places.Far from ignoring those around us，Goffman proved that what we’re actually doing is pretending to be unaware of what others are doing around us，therefore providing them a sense of privacy，as they do the same for us.Goffman proved in his research that civil inattention typically involves at first a mirror form of social interaction，like very brief eye contact，the exchange of head nods，or weak smiles.Following that，both parties then typically move their eyes from the other party. Goffman theorized that what we achieve，socially speaking，with this kind of interaction，is mutual(相互的) recognition that the other present causes no threat to our security，and we both agree，tacitly(默契地)，to let the other alone to do as they please.When we provide civil inattention to others，we effectively approve their behavior.Sometimes，we use civil inattention to save face when we’ve done something we feel embarrassed by，or to help manage the embarrassment that another might feel if we witness them trip，or drop something. Civil inattention is thus not a problem，but an important part of maintaining social order in public.We expect it from others and see it as normal behavior.We may feel threatened by someone who doesn’t give it to us.This is why women feel threatened by those who catcall(发嘘声) to them，and why for some men，simply being stared at by another is enough to cause a physical fight. 语篇解读　本文为一篇说明文。城市中陌生人不愿意在公众场合进行过多交谈，社会学家Goffman提出了“礼貌性疏忽”这一概念，认为这在社交互动生活中有着积极的影响。 32．How does the author begin this text? A．By giving people a warning. B．By describing a way of socializing. C．By comparing some people’s feelings. D．By giving a problem with technology. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。文章第一段前两句描述了一种社交方式：陌生人在城市公共场所不说话。“我们”貌似越来越沉迷于移动设备。然后末句阐述了社会学家对此的看法。由此推断，文章第一段通过描述一种社交方式来开始叙述。故选B。 33．What does the underlined phrase “oblivious to” in paragraph 1 most probably mean? A．Tired of. B．Unsure about. C．Unaware of. D．Curious about. 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“They feel sorry about the way we seem to increasingly get lost in mobile devices...”可知，“我们”貌似越来越沉迷于移动设备，对于身边发生的事情是不关注的，oblivious to与unaware of为近义词，表示“对……是无意识的”。故选C。 34．What do we actually mean when we look away from a stranger，according to Goffman? A．We are ignoring him on a rude basis. B．We are showing our respect for others’ privacy. C．We are worrying that we could lose belongings. D．We are protecting ourselves from physical attacks. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句可知，当我们把目光从陌生人身上移开时，我们是在表达对他人隐私的尊重。故选B。 35．What can be learned from the text about civil inattention? A．Civil inattention has positive effects on social interaction. B．Civil inattention helps save face when we’ve done wrong to others. C．Civil inattention isn’t linked to social interaction according to Goffman. D．Civil inattention is a type of normal behavior which we may feel threatened. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段的“what we achieve...with this kind of interaction，is mutual(相互的) recognition that the other present causes no threat to our security，and we both agree，tacitly(默契地)，to let the other alone to do as they please.”及最后一段第一句可知，礼貌性疏忽的结果是我们都心照不宣地同意让对方去做他们喜欢做的事，它是维护公共社会秩序的重要组成部分。故礼貌性疏忽对社会互动有积极影响。故选A。 第二节　(共5小题；每小题 2.5分，满分 12.5 分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Like all mammals，whales need to sleep in order to survive.But they are also air-breathers，meaning that they cannot sleep in the water all the time.There are around 90 different types of whale，which can hold their breath for about an hour，depending on the species.However，they usually travel up to the surface to breathe every 15 minutes. 36 Some scientists have found that whales cannot become fully unconscious or they would drown.To deal with living in the water full-time while having to breathe air，these air-breathers have evolved into voluntary ones，as a way to prevent accidentally breathing in water at inappropriate moments. 37 Therefore，they have to be awake and alert at all times to prevent themselves from drowning. Whales have some of the largest brains on the planet. 38 They can actively decide which part of their brains to use at a given time.This particular way of sleeping can be seen most clearly in captive(圈养的) whales.When whales are sleeping，they can be seen keeping one eye closed while the other remains open. 39 Some species，like sperm whales，enter a deeper sleep where they hang in groups，vertically，not too far below the surface for just over an hour.Other species，such as the humpback whales，have been observed resting motionless at the surface of the water for only 30 minutes. 40 And，killer whales，which are very socially complex，never swim too far from the other members of their pod(一小群)，sleeping in close groups. A．So how exactly do they get any sleep? B．They continue to swim slowly and regularly. C．They won’t lose their body temperature by staying still. D．It’s an interesting dilemma for wholly ocean air-breathers. E．This sleeping technique varies slightly among species，however. F．Whales consciously control their blowholes(气孔) with powerful muscles. G．Sperm whales in particular have the biggest brain of any living mammal. 36．答案　A 解析　根据上文“Like all mammals，whales need to sleep in order to survive.”及“However，they usually travel up to the surface to breathe every 15 minutes.”可知，鲸鱼像其他哺乳动物一样，它们也得睡觉，但通常每隔15分钟要浮出水面呼吸。推测空格处的内容与“鲸鱼如何在这过程中睡觉”有关。故选A。 37．答案　F 解析　根据下文“Therefore，they have to be awake and alert at all times to prevent themselves from drowning.”可知，空格处的内容应该与鲸鱼如何避免吸入海水有关， F项“鲸鱼有意识地用强有力的肌肉控制它们的气孔。”是后文鲸鱼避免吸入海水的原因。故选F。 38．答案　G 解析　根据上文的“Whales have some of the largest brains on the planet.”和下文的“They can actively decide which part of their brains to use at a given time.”可知，鲸鱼有着地球上最大的大脑，可以主动决定在给定的时间使用大脑的哪一部分。所以，空格处的内容应该与鲸鱼的大脑有关，G项“抹香鲸的大脑是现存哺乳动物中最大的。”符合此处语境。故选G。 39．答案　E 解析　根据后文“Some species，like sperm whales...”及“Other species，such as the humpback whales...”可知，本段用举例的方式说明不同的鲸鱼睡眠方式不同。因此，E项“然而，这种睡眠技巧在不同鲸鱼种类间略有不同。”总起全段，是全段的总结。故选E。 40．答案　C 解析　根据上文的“Other species，such as the humpback whales，have been observed resting motionless at the surface of the water for only 30 minutes.”可知，其他物种，例如座头鲸，已经被观察到在水面上静止不动地休息仅仅30分钟。由此推测，C项“它们不会因为静止不动而失去体温。”承接上文，符合此处语境，表示座头鲸通过保持静止不动，可以尽量保持体温不变。故选C。 第三部分　语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节　(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 (2023·江苏镇江高二统考期中) Justin Mutawassim was 5 years old the first time he took a flight.The Delta pilots on board invited him to 41 the cockpit(驾驶舱)．“I remember sitting there and being 42 by all the buttons，” he said.By age 6，he had decided：“I wanted to be a pilot.” His road to becoming a pilot was harder than he had 43 as a child.His middle school teacher wrongly informed him that perfect vision was a requirement to become a pilot.“When I heard that I was really 44 ，” said Mutawassim，who wears glasses. In December 2014，about a year into his studies at a community college，Mutawassim decided to 45 .He got a job as a ramp agent(机坪操作员) carrying bags for Delta Air Lines.During this time，his 46 to pursue a career in aviation became stronger，but he didn’t have the 47 to make it happen. That 48 when he met his mentor，Martin.Martin helped him 49 for written tests and eventually apply for ATP Flight School，where he was able to 50 the necessary licenses in 11 months. In spring 2022，after he learned Delta dropped the college degree 51 for pilots，he 52 applied for a position.To his delight he was offered the job.“It was a fantastic 53 ，” Mutawassim said.He reflected on how far he had come in only six years，from carrying luggage to 54 a Boeing 767.Now，he is working toward his next goal of 55 a captain. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Justin Mutawassim从小立志成为一名飞行员，经过六年的努力，他终于实现了自己的目标。 41．A.explore B．examine C．operate D．detect 答案　A 解析　根据前文“Justin Mutawassim was 5 years old the first time he took a flight.”可知，Justin只有5岁，应该是探索驾驶舱。故选A。 42．A.trapped B．comforted C．fascinated D．disturbed 答案　C 解析　根据后文“By age 6，he had decided：‘I wanted to be a pilot.’”可知，6岁时，Justin决定成为一名飞行员，由此可推知，此处是被所有的按钮迷住了。故选C。 43．A.continued B．expected C．commented D．remembered 答案　B 解析　根据前文“His road to becoming a pilot was harder...”可知，此处应是表达“比他小时候想象的要艰难”之意。故选B。 44．A.relaxed B．convinced C．annoyed D．defeated 答案　D 解析　根据前文“His middle school teacher wrongly informed him that perfect vision was a requirement to become a pilot.”以及后文“who wears glasses”可知，Justin的老师错误地告诉他，完美的视力是成为飞行员的必要条件，而他戴着眼镜，所以他听到这话之后是被挫败的。故选D。 45．A.calm down B．drop out C．break down D．pass out 答案　B 解析　calm down冷静下来；drop out退学；break down发生故障；pass out昏倒。根据后文“He got a job as a ramp agent(机坪操作员) carrying bags for Delta Air Lines.”可知，他在航空公司找到了工作，所以此处是退学。故选B。 46．A.response B．power C．desire D．memory 答案　C 解析　根据前文“I wanted to be a pilot.”以及后文“became stronger”可知，应该是追求航空事业的愿望变得更加强烈。故选C。 47．A.burden B．duty C．pride D．confidence 答案　D 解析　根据前文“During this time，his to pursue a career in aviation became stronger”以及but可知，他追求航空事业的愿望变得更加强烈，但是没有信心去实现它。故选D。 48．A.changed B．happened C．repeated D．existed 答案　A 解析　根据后文“Martin helped him for written tests and eventually apply for ATP Flight School”可知，马丁帮助他实现了驾驶员之梦，而之前Justin是没有信心去实现的，所以是改变了。故选A。 49．A.call B．prepare C．search D．wait 答案　B 解析　根据后文“eventually apply for ATP Flight School”可知，申请学校，需先考试，所以此处是帮助他准备笔试。故选B。 50．A.purchase B．complete C．suspend D．arrange 答案　B 解析　根据后文“the necessary licenses in 11 months”可知，应该是能够在11个月内完成必要的执照的取得工作。故选B。 51．A.requirement B．application C．description D．assumption 答案　A 解析　根据前文“after he learned Delta dropped the college degree”可知，此处应是取消了对飞行员的大学学历要求。故选A。 52．A.doubtfully B．casually C．secretly D．eagerly 答案　D 解析　根据上文“after he learned Delta dropped the college degree for pilots”可知，当他知道达美航空取消了对飞行员的大学学历要求后，应该是急切地申请了一个职位。故选D。 53．A.balance B．platform C．moment D．angle 答案　C 解析　根据前文“To his delight he was offered the job.”可知，Justin成了一名飞行员，所以是美妙的时刻。故选C。 54．A.checking B．catching C．repairing D．flying 答案　D 解析　根据前文“To his delight he was offered the job.”可知，Justin成了飞行员，所以此处是驾驶波音767飞机。故选D。 55．A.respecting B．imitating C．becoming D．assigning 答案　C 解析　根据前文“he is working toward his next goal”可知，Justin想要成为一名飞行员的目标已经实现了，所以下一个目标应该是成为一名机长。故选C。 第二节　(共10 小题；每小题1.5 分，满分 15 分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (2023·江西抚州高二校联考期中) Chinese idiom is one of the priceless legacies(遗产) deeply rooted in traditional culture，making Chinese language more 56. (power)，more functional and thus，more fascinating. Pooling collective wisdom or “Ji Si Guang Yi”，one of Chinese 57. (idiom)，can better ensure success，reminding people to listen to others’ advice before they make major decisions.The idea was first proposed by Zhuge Liang,58. well-known military strategist during the Three Kingdoms Period (220－280)．“A person 59. holds office should pool the ideas and wisdom of the people and widely draw on all well-intended and useful views，” wrote Zhuge Liang in his article，“Instructions to Subjects and Officials”． So far，the expression 60. (develop) into an effective way to improve working efficiency and show respect for the opinions of the masses.All the opinions and ideas 61.______________(collect) from others can give the decision-maker a more comprehensive picture of the current situation and help him or her make a correct decision. Listening 62. (humble) to others’ opinions，especially those that differ 63._______________ one’s own，can help one improve the initiative，wisdom and power of the masses.Now the method 64. (adopt) by the Chinese people in their decision-making in daily life 65. (secure) success. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了成语“集思广益”的起源、含义和对人们的影响和作用。 56．答案　powerful 解析　考查形容词。根据并列成分“more functional”和“more fascinating”及空处前的“more”可知，此处应为形容词原级，作宾补。故填powerful。 57．答案　idioms 解析　考查名词的复数。由“one of”可知，应用名词idiom的复数。故填idioms。 58．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。此处作定语修饰名词短语“military strategist”；应用不定冠词a，泛指一位著名的军师。故填a。 59．答案　who/that 解析　考查定语从句。分析句子可知，“ holds office”为定语从句，修饰先行词“A person”，在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词 who/that。故填who/that。 60．答案　has developed 解析　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，此处应为谓语动词；根据句中时间状语“So far”，应用现在完成时，表示从过去到现在已经完成的动作；主语为“the expression”，谓语动词应为第三人称单数。故填has developed。 61．答案　collected 解析　考查非谓语动词。由句中谓语“can give”可知，此处应为非谓语动词，作定语修饰“opinions and ideas”，并与其形成被动关系，故应用过去分词形式。故填collected。 62．答案　humbly 解析　考查副词。分析句子可知，此处应为副词，作状语修饰动词短语“Listening to”。故填humbly。 63．答案　from 解析　考查介词。differ from意为“不同于”。故填from。 64．答案　is adopted 解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，此处应为谓语动词；根据Now以及by the Chinese people，此处用一般现在时的被动语态；根据主语the method是单数，谓语动词用第三称单数形式。故填is adopted。 65．答案　to secure 解析　考查非谓语动词。由句中谓语“is adopted”可知，此处应为非谓语动词，作状语；表示“方法被采用的目的”，应为目的状语，故用动词不定式。故填to secure。 第四部分　写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节　(满分15分) 公元四世纪之后，举世闻名的楼兰古城突然销声匿迹，一直引发人们的猜测。请根据提示写一篇英语短文： 1．曾经是绿洲，众多商队在此暂时休憩；在古代丝绸之路上占有极为重要的地位； 2．有人认为楼兰人乱砍滥伐导致了地理和气候变化，最终王国覆灭； 3．科学家认为给楼兰人最后一击的是瘟疫，人们逃离了家乡。 参考词汇：oasis 绿洲；caravan商队；plague瘟疫 参考范文 After the 4th century，the world-famous ancient city of Loulan suddenly disappeared.It was once an oasis where many caravans would rest for relaxation and energy supplies.It played a vital role on the ancient silk road. Some people think that Loulan locals themselves blindly cut down trees，leading to sandstorm，river diversion and abnormal weather.As a result，the kingdom was eventually destroyed. However，scientists hold the view that the Loulan people were finally struck by the plague，which is a terrible disease.In the face of a disturbing epidemic，Loulan people chose to flee from their hometown. 第二节　(满分25分) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Two years ago，homeless Minnie was adopted by a single rich woman.Life did get a bit easier ever since she was taken in by her foster mom，but the little girl was still not happy.How she wished she could have a father! One morning in class，Minnie’s teacher，Mr Thompson，made a surprising announcement，making Minnie frown(皱眉) again. “Kids，tomorrow is Father’s Day! And at school，we’re all celebrating it by having breakfast with Dads! All of you get to bring your dads or anyone you look up to as your dad to school tomorrow.We’ll all sit in one circle，share funny stories，and have breakfast together.” “What a terrible idea！” Minnie muttered(嘀咕) under her breath. For the rest of the day，most kids were talking up their fathers：businessmen，policemen，engineers，and even an actor.Everybody had somebody who was a father figure，except for Minnie. After school，Mr Thompson spotted the sad little girl sitting alone by the school gate. “Are you all right，Minnie？” Mr Thompson asked.Suddenly，the child hugged his legs and cried.Minnie told her trouble to her teacher and Mr Thompson comforted her. After getting home that evening，Mr Thompson couldn’t shake off the sadness he had seen on Minnie’s face.Suddenly，he had an idea.He opened his laptop，and as the keys on the keyboard clattered，Mr Thompson began to smile. He was putting out a post on social media，sharing Minnie’s story and asking for a dad to volunteer for Minnie and show up to school the next day as her father figure.Thirty minutes later，his phone buzzed. And it buzzed again and again.By the time the teacher checked his phone，he was shocked to see the number flashing across the screen. “50 volunteers? Am I reading this right？” Mr Thompson gasped.He put on his glasses and read through all the responses on his post.He was so surprised.These 50 volunteers all wanted to come and help Minnie. 注意：续写词数应为150左右。 The next day，Minnie went to school sadly，not knowing the surprise was waiting for her. Minnie was confused at first，but when she saw those “dads”，she was obviously happy. 参考范文 The next day，Minnie went to school sadly，not knowing the surprise was waiting for her.She walked along the hallways with her eyes glued to the floor，failing to notice the line of adult men outside her class door.Mr Thompson said her name last after the other kids had introduced their dads to the class.Just as Minnie was about to say that she had no one，Mr Thompson held her shoulders and said，“Minnie，I know you wanted to bring a father figure，and you thought there wasn’t one.You are right about that，my dear.There isn’t one father figure who has shown up for you；there are 50！” Minnie was confused at first，but when she saw those “dads”，she was obviously happy.“You’ve really come for me？” she clapped in excitement.“Certainly，Minnie! Mr Thompson told us all about you，and we wouldn’t miss it for the world！” one of the men said gently.The volunteers joined the other dads and kids for the day，taking part in every game.They had a happy and memorable day.After a thoroughly entertaining day，Minnie was thankful to those kind “dads” and they all promised that they would come to meet Minnie whenever she needed them. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$单元检测卷。五第一节。听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的ABC3个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话仅读一遍。Text warm today, i'd like to talk to you about an idea that i'll give you students more opportunities to practice your spoken english. I'm going to found a drama club. great. We can also make new friends there. Text two, your great grandfather started this business more than one hundred years ago. I really hope that you will take over from me when I retire. I'm sorry, dad, but I really want to be a fashion designer when I grow up. Text three, I know these works. They are by Turner, who is one of the most important painters in british history. But they should be in a museum or a gallery, not here. Are you sure that these paintings are original? Yes, I study them at university. Text for hello value TV service kyle speaking, what can I do for you? Oh, i'm just switching my T, V on, but I find my cable T, V box isn't working properly. Don't worry, i'll send a person to check IT. What's your address? ser. Text five, what time is IT? Our train leaves at six fifty P. M. Oh, my watch says a quarter past five, but you know, it's fifteen minutes fast. So time is quite enough for us to get to the train station. 第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的ABC3个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟。听完后各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。听第六段材料，回答第六、七题。Text six, hey, how do you feel about Diana. the new manager? Yeah, I have a close friend at her former company, and he said Diana was always a difficult person. Um, I don't think so. I once talked with her. SHE seemed pretty . nice really. Anyway, I was really tired of our old manager, who was so mean. I'm so glad he's gone. I see, I heard him yelling at bob last month. yes. Well, would you like to try the italian food with me after work? I'd like to, but my wife will cook dinner at home. Hey, how do you feel about Diana. the new manager? Yeah, I have a close friend at her former company, and he said Diana was always a difficult person. Um I don't think so. I once talked with her and SHE seemed pretty . nice really. Anyway, I was really tired of our old manager, who was so mean. I'm so glad he's gone. I see I heard him yelling at bob last month. Yes, well, would you like to try the italian food with me after work? I'd like to, but my wife will cook dinner at home. 听第七段材料，回答第八、九题。Text seven hello, i'd like to buy some flowers for my wife's birthday. Perhaps you'd be interested in red roses. How much do the roses cost? They're only twenty dollars a dozen. That sounds good. Last month, I paid thirty dollars per dozen in another shop for our wedding anniversary. Yes. you're saving money because they're on sale today. Their regular Prices, twenty five dollars per a dozen. good. I'll take a dozen of your most beautiful roses. Okay, i'll pack them for you. Do you need anything else? No, thanks. I've prepared a cake and a bottle of perfume. Wow, you are such a good husband. Your wife must be very pleased with your arrangements. I hope so. My daughter will graduate from university next month. I think i'll need some lilies by then. Hello, i'd like to buy some flowers for my wife's birthday. Perhaps you'd be interested in . red roses. How much do . the roses cost? Twenty dollars a dozen. That sounds good. Last month, I paid thirty dollars per dozen in another shop for our wedding anniversary. You're saving money because they're on sale today. Their regular Prices, twenty five dollars per dozen. good. I'll take a dozen of your most beautiful roses. Okay, i'll pack them for you. Do you need anything else? No, thanks. I've prepared a cake and a bottle of perfume. Wow, you are such a good husband. Your wife must be very pleased with your arrangements. I hope so. My daughter will graduate from university next month. I think i'll need some lilies by then. 听第八段材料，回答第10至12题。Text eight, do you hear the english speaking competition? Yes, but just a little. I heard IT would be held in the school meeting room at six thirty pm on . march eighteen th. But the student union made some changes. It'll be held in the school hall, and those who want to take part in the competition should sign up for in the student union office before march sixteen. S really? Do you want to enter the competition? Yes, everyone is welcome to participate in IT. Five english teachers will be invited to work as judges, and the first six winners will be given prizes. The person who wins first prize will be awarded a laptop . sounds great. The prize looks really inviting. I also want to have a try. What do I need to sign up for? IT, just your student. ID, thanks. I left IT on the desk in my dorm. Ory i'll fetched right now. Do you hear the english speaking competition? Yes, but just a little I heard that would be held in the school meeting room at six thirty pm on march eighteen th. But the student union made some changes. It'll be held in the school hall. And those who want to take part in the competition should sign up for in the student union office before march sixteen. S really, do you want to enter the competition? Yes, everyone is welcome to participate in IT. Five english teachers will be invited to work as judges, and the first six winners will be given prizes. The person who wins first prize will be awarded. A laptop sounds great. The prize looks really inviting. I also want to have a try. What do I need to sign up for? IT. just your student. ID, thanks. I left IT on the desk in my dorm. Ory i'll fetched right now. 听第九段材料，回答第13至16题。Text nine hello, bertha, take a seat, please. Could you tell me about yourself? Yes, I left school two years ago and worked in a factory for four months. I was out of work for six months. Then I decided to go to college to study tourism, and my father was a pilot. So I traveled a lot and I thought this might be useful. I'm sure IT was, do you speak any other languages except english? Yes, i'm fluent in german and spanish. I've learned french at school, and i'm learning italian at evening classes. excEllent. Why did you apply for this job? Well, it's interesting. And I want a job with career prospects. I see. Well, what's your weakness? Hm, i'm a bit on the shy side in front of people, but I think I can overcome that by more training OK. Our training will cover that people usually become more confident with practice. Do you have any experience of working in a travel agency? Yes, I did. Some admin, answered the phones and helped with bookings at holidays. You go great. That will inform you of the result within three days. Hello, bertha, take a seat please. Could you tell me about yourself? Yes, I left school two years ago and worked in a factory for four months. I was out of work for six months. Then I decided to go to college to study tourism. And my father was a pilot, so I traveled a lot and I thought this might be useful. I'm sure IT was, do you speak any other languages except english? Yes, i'm fluently in german and spanish. I've learned french at school and i'm learning italian at evening classes. excEllent. Why did you apply for this job? Well, it's interesting. And I want a job with career prospects. I see. Well, what's your weakness? I'm a bit on the shy side in front of people, but I think I can overcome that by more training. okay? Our training will cover that people usually become more confident with practice. Do you have any experience of working in . a travel agency? Yes, I did. Some admin, answered the phones and helped with bookings that holidays . you go great. That will inform you of the result within three days. 听第十段材料，回答第17至20题。Text ten welcome back listeners. I'm Henry James. With the weather, I guess i'd Better repeat today's weather first. We could expect high clouds in the morning and heavy showers for the rest of the day, but the temperature today in england could reach a high of eight degrees. Not too bad. Well, IT seems that the rain we have today will stop timely for the weekend. On saturday, the highest temperature will be the same with today, but the temperature will drop sharply at night, reaching one degree the day after. Tomorrow, sunday, it'll be Sunny without winds and warm up a little to ten degrees. However, we will expect more rainy weather next week until next thursday. You can't put away your umbrellas anyway. Fall is over and the early winter is coming. It's time to put on heavy coats, folks, but don't worry too much. A as the same goes, if winter comes, can spring before behind. Welcome back, listeners. I'm henery James. With the weather, I guess i'd Better repeat today's weather first. We could expect high clouds in the morning and heavy showers for the rest of the day, but the temperature today in england could reach a high of eight degrees. Not too bad. Well, IT seems that the rain we have today will stop timely for the weekend. On saturday, the highest temperature will be the same with today, but the temperature will drop sharply at night, reaching one degree the day after. Tomorrow, sunday, it'll be Sunny without winds and warm up a little to ten degrees. However, we will expect more rainy weather next week until next thursday. You can't put away your umbrellas anyway. Fall is over and the early winter is coming. It's time to put on heavy coat, folks, but don't worry too much. A as the same goes, if winter comes, can spring be far behind? 第二节到此结束。