Unit 3 Period 4 Using language (1)：Grammar-【步步高】2023-2024学年高二英语选择性必修第四册（外研版2019）

Period 4　Using language (1)：Grammar—Review：adverbial clauses 阅读以下短文，感知黑体部分，并完成后面的小题。 He is a French-born Chinese American cellist(大提琴手) known for his music talent.In 1998，he founded Silkroad，an organization that explores musical traditions in countries ①so that people can learn different cultures，with the purpose of bringing people from across the globe together to enjoy music.Instruments and styles are blended together to create music that is surprising，rich and original，②no matter what culture it comes from.What’s more，③as the traditional is mixed with the modern，people can learn about the development of culture as a whole.Silkroad organizes various events which are ④so successful that over 1,5000 people each year attend.People meet as strangers，but leave ⑤as if they were neighbors，learning that different cultures have more in common than they imagined. 自主发现 以上黑体句子均为状语从句。状语从句可根据其作用分为时间、地点、原因、方式、让步、比较等状语从句；其中句①是so that引导的目的状语从句；句②是让步状语从句；句③是原因状语从句；句④是结果状语从句；句⑤是方式状语从句。 状语从句(Adverbial Clauses)是指在句子中作状语，起副词作用的从句。状语从句可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。放在句首时，一般在从句后加逗号；放在句尾时，一般不在从句前加逗号。 状语从句根据其作用一般分为：时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、方式状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句等。 一、时间状语从句 before 常用于如下句型： It will be long before...(得过好久才……) It will not be long before...(过不了多久就……) It was long before...(过了好久才……) It was not long before...(过了不久就……) since 意为“自……以来”，从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词，主句的谓语动词一般是延续性动词。since从句的时态若是一般过去时，主句常用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。此外，since常用于以下句型： It is/has been＋时间段＋since从句(常用一般过去时) as 意为“一边……一边……；随着”，常与延续性动词连用，从句动作与主句动作同时或几乎同时发生。 when 意为“当……时候”，可与延续性动词或非延续性动词连用，从句动作可以发生在主句动作之前、之后或与主句动作同时发生。 while 意为“当……的时候”或“在某一段时间里”，只可与延续性动词连用，侧重于主句动作与从句动作相对比。 其他连词 引导时间状语从句的连接词除上述外还有： 1.till，not...until...，until 2.hardly/scarcely...when...，no sooner...than...表示“一……就……” 3.directly，immediately，instantly，the moment，the minute，the second，the instant，as soon as意为“一……就……” 4.each time，every time，the first time等 Air pollution is getting more and more serious，so we must take action before it is too late. 空气污染变得越来越严重，因此我们必须趁早采取行动。 I have fallen in love with journalism since I was a child. 从孩提时代起我就爱上了新闻工作。 As he grew older，he became less active. 随着他慢慢长大，他变得不那么活跃了。 Shaking hands is the most popular way to greet each other when people meet. 人们见面时，握手是最普遍的打招呼的方式。 While watching TV，children do not merely absorb words and images. 看电视的时候，孩子们接收到的不仅仅是文字和图像。 Not until we succeed in letting wildlife live in peace can we smile in relief. 直到我们成功地让野生动物平静地生活，我们才能如释重负地微笑。 He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering. 他刚完成演讲学生们就开始欢呼起来。 I was so tired that I fell asleep the moment/as soon as/the instant my head touched the pillow. 我太累了，头一碰到枕头我就睡着了。 二、地点状语从句和条件状语从句 地点状语从句 where，wherever可引导地点状语从句。 条件状语从句 1.引导条件状语从句的常见从属连词(短语)有if，unless，as/so long as，in case(万一)，on condition that，provided/providing (that)，supposing/suppose (that)，assuming that(假设)等。 2.在条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 Wherever she goes，there are crowds of people waiting to see her. 不管她去哪里，总是有成群的人等着要见她。 Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their children. 一些家长认为，如果高科技玩具对他们的孩子有帮助，他们都会购买。 He will never make progress in math unless he really wants to learn it. 除非他真的想学数学，否则他永远不会在数学上取得进步。 My parents don’t mind what job I do as/so long as I am happy. 只要我高兴，我的父母并不介意我做什么工作。 They agree to lend us the car on condition that we return it before the weekend. 他们同意把车借给我们，条件是我们在周末前归还。 Supposing/Suppose that they refuse us，who else can we turn to for help? 如果他们拒绝了我们，我们还能向谁求助呢？ 三、原因状语从句 because 用来回答why的提问，语气最强，一般放在主句之后。 since/now that 表示已知的理由、稍加分析即可表明的原因，多放在句首。 as 引导的从句常放在句首，说明次要的原因，主句说明结果，常用于口语中。 其他连词 引导原因状语从句的其他从属连词还有： seeing that(鉴于，由于)，in that(因为)，considering (that)(考虑到)，when(既然)，given that(鉴于，考虑到)等。(注意：for连接的是并列句) Since/Now that you’ve listed your strengths，list your imperfections. 既然你已经列出了你的优点，那再说说你的缺点吧。 As he is a tailor，he knows what to do with this material. 由于他是个裁缝，他知道怎样利用这块布料。 The engine stopped running in that the fuel was used up. 因为燃料用尽，发动机停止了运转。 Why do you take a taxi when you could go there on foot in five minutes? 既然步行五分钟就能到那里，你为什么要乘坐出租车？ Given that they’re inexperienced，they’ve done a good job. 考虑到他们缺乏经验，他们的工作已经做得相当不错了。 四、让步状语从句 though，although，as，even if/though，whether...or...，while等引导的让步状语从句 1.although与though可以引导让步状语从句，不能与but连用，但可以与yet连用。 2.even if或even though引导让步状语从句，表示“即使，纵然”，用来使人注意下文所强调的内容。 3.as也可以引导让步状语从句，需将从句中的表语、状语以及谓语中的实义动词提前至从句句首，引起倒装；作表语的单数可数名词前如有冠词，冠词需省去。though引导的让步状语从句也可以倒装，但although引导的不可以。 4.while也可以引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”，比though/although语气弱。while引导的让步状语从句一般要位于句首。 “no matter＋疑问词”或“疑问词＋-ever”引导的让步状语从句 no matter后接who，what，where，how等疑问词引导让步状语从句，也可以在这类疑问词后面加上-ever构成whoever，whatever，wherever，however等。但在引导名词性从句时，只能用“疑问词＋-ever”。 While/Although/Though Tom is very good at science，his brother is absolutely hopeless. 虽然汤姆理科很好，但他的兄弟却极差。 I’ll do it，even if/though it takes me all the afternoon. 即使这会花费我一下午的时间，我也要做。 He was unable to make much progress，hard as/though he tried. 尽管他努力了，但仍不能取得多大的进步。 We’ll go on with the work whether we can find the necessary tools or not. 无论我们能否找到需要的工具，我们都要继续工作。 Don’t trust him，no matter what he says. 无论他说什么，都不要相信他。 The athletes，especially the winners，should remain modest however rapid progress they have made. 运动员，尤其是得奖的运动员，不管进步多快，都应该保持谦虚。 五、其他状语从句 目的状语从句 in order that与so that引导的目的状语从句： 两个连词都意为“以便……；为了……”，其引导的状语从句中谓语常用“can/could/may/might/will/would＋动词原形”。in order that比so that正式，引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后；而so that引导的从句只能置于主句之后。 for fear that与in case引导的目的状语从句： for fear that表示“唯恐；生怕”；in case表示“以免，以防”。 结果状语从句 引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so that，so...that...，such...that... 除结果状语从句外，too...to...，...enough to...，so...as to...，such...as to...等不定式结构同样可以表示结果。 方式状语从句 引导方式状语从句的从属连词有：as，as if/as though。as if或as though引导的从句与事实相反时，通常用虚拟语气：与现在事实相反，从句谓语用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，从句谓语用“had＋过去分词”；与将来事实相反，从句谓语用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。从句内容与事实相符或可能成为事实时，则用陈述语气。 比较状语从句 比较状语从句一般位于句尾，常用as...as，not as/so...as，比较级＋than引导。 It’s better to send the heavy cases in advance so that they’ll be there when we arrive. 最好事先把这些沉重的箱子送到，这样我们到达时，它们就已经在那儿了。 He speaks so slowly and strangely that it takes patience to understand what he is saying. 他说得如此缓慢而又奇怪，以至于需要耐心才能理解他在说什么。 They treat her as though/if she were their daughter. 他们对待她就像对待自己的女儿一样。 It is wise to have as many good friends as we can. 有尽可能多的好朋友是明智的。 六、状语从句的省略 1．时间、让步、方式、地点状语从句的省略 如果状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it，而且状语从句的谓语中含有be动词的某种形式时，可以将从句中的主语连同be动词一起省略。 While (I was) in Beijing，I paid a visit to the Summer Palace. 在北京时，我参观了颐和园。 He often makes mistakes when (he is) speaking English. 说英语时他经常出错。 The woman teacher left the classroom silently as though (she was) angry. 这位女老师默默地离开了教室，好像生气了。 Though (it was) cold，he still wore a shirt. 虽然天气冷，但他仍然穿了一件衬衫。 2．条件状语从句的省略 (1)在if it is possible，if it is necessary，when it is necessary等类似结构中，常省略it is。 Come tomorrow if (it is) possible. 如果可能的话就明天来吧。 Unless (it is) necessary，you’d better not refer to the dictionary. 除非有必要，否则你最好不要查词典。 (2)在虚拟条件句中连词if的省略。在虚拟条件句中，如果从句谓语中含有had/were/should，if可省略，把had/were/should提至句首引起倒装。 Were I(＝If I were) twenty now，I would join the army. 如果我现在二十岁，我就参军。 Had you come(＝If you had come) yesterday，you would have met her. 如果你昨天来，你就见到她了。 Should there be(＝If there should be) a flood，what should we do? 万一发生洪水，我们该怎么办？ 语法填空 1．When I put forward the suggestion that he go to work in the countryside，Li Ming promised to take it into account，just 2.before he graduated from an agricultural university.Of course，it means living in the countryside for at least three years or more 3.before he returns to the city.Li Ming studied hard at university.4.Whenever he had time，he would go to the library to search for more information.I want him to work in the countryside 5.because he can help rid people there of hunger by expanding the output of crop.6.Since there may be little entertainment in the faraway area，I advise him to take his guitar with him 7.so that he can entertain himself sometimes.I also advise him to be modest 8.when/while he is working with the farmers 9.even if/though he knows more scientific knowledge than they do.10.Though/Although/While he hasn’t made any answer so far，I think he will follow my advice. Ⅰ.选择方框内的连词填空 1．She stood at the door as if she was waiting for someone. 2．American English has so many dialects because people have come from all over the world. 3．We have been to the factory twice since it was set up in 1992. 4．We will have a picnic tomorrow unless it rains or it’s very cold. 5．Even though I have many delicate feelings to share，who can I speak to? 6．The teacher underlined the words in order that the students might pay special attention to them. Ⅱ.用状语从句完成句子 1．If he doesn’t come before 12 o’clock，we won’t wait for him. 如果他12点前来不了，我们就不等他了。 2．Hardly had he gone to bed when the door bell rang. 他刚刚睡下，门铃就响了。 3．Hard as/though she tried，she failed to pass the exam. 尽管她非常努力，但还是没有通过那次考试。(倒装) 4．You’d better leave your key with your neighbour in case you lock yourself out one day. 你最好把钥匙留给你的邻居，以防有一天你把自己锁在外面。 5．The fans cheered loudly the moment/as soon as/ instantly their favorite singer stepped on the stage. 他们最喜欢的歌手一上台，歌迷们就大声欢呼起来。 Ⅲ.阅读理解 To really know a country，you need to understand its culture and history. That was why journalist and media expert Zhang Ciyun began his work on a six-volume(册) exploration of ancient Chinese wisdom as reflected in myths，classics works，idioms，paintings，historical figures and architecture. The English-language edition of the book series was unveiled at last week’s Shanghai Book Fair.The series caters for an increasing number of foreign readers who are deeply interested in traditional Chinese culture. “The idea of the book series came to me nearly three decades ago，when I discovered how little foreigners knew about Chinese culture，” Zhang said.“Oh，they knew about kung fu movies，the Great Wall and the terracotta warriors，and had vague impressions of Chinese emperors.But they wanted to know more about Chinese culture.” Zhang，a founder and former editor-in-chief of the English-language Shanghai Daily，is fluent in English.He draws on that skill to tell the stories of ancient China in the everyday language and experiences of native English speakers. Zhang said ancient culture has had a far-reaching impact on the behavior and thinking of contemporary Chinese，and gives foreign readers insight into modern-day China. He recalled a Shanghai Daily survey of readers that showed foreigners had great curiosity about Chinese culture.But at that time，books that might help them explore deeper into that culture were pieces scattered(散布) over different publications.There were no books in English providing easy access to Chinese history and culture. “As a journalist working for an English-language newspaper，I really wanted to do something to meet that need，” he said.“I decided to use my writing skills to tell ancient stories about Chinese culture，especially its traditional aspects.” He began his project in about 1993，beginning with a series of articles explaining the stories behind Chinese idioms.His first works were compiled into one book，which received positive feedback and was later translated into German and other foreign languages. 语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了中国著名新闻人张慈赟和他写的关于中国文化的英文版丛书。 1．What can we learn about Zhang Ciyun’s books? A．They involve various Chinese culture forms. B．They have been translated into German. C．They were not well received at first. D．They were accomplished in 1993. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段“...Zhang Ciyun began his work on a six-volume(册) exploration of ancient Chinese wisdom as reflected in myths，classics works，idioms，paintings，historical figures and architecture.”可知，张慈赟的作品涉及多种中国文化形式。故选A。 2．Why did Zhang write the book series? A．To record ancient Chinese wisdom. B．To spread Chinese culture. C．To pursue fame and interests. D．To promote Shanghai Daily. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段第二句、第四段内容和倒数第二段中的“I decided to use my writing skills to tell ancient stories about Chinese culture...”可知，张慈赟写书的目的是传播中国文化。故选B。 3．What can be inferred about foreigners’ learning Chinese culture in the past? A．No English books about Chinese ancient culture were available. B．Foreigners showed little interest in learning about Chinese culture. C．It was not convenient for foreigners to learn about Chinese culture. D．English books on Chinese culture were published in large numbers. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第三段最后一句“There were no books in English providing easy access to Chinese history and culture.”可知，以前外国人想要了解中国文化和历史是很不容易的。故选C。 4．Which of the following best describes Zhang? A．Famous and humorous. B．Creative and responsible. C．Ambitious but unlucky. D．Wise but conservative. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“I decided to use my writing skills to tell ancient stories about Chinese culture，especially its traditional aspects.”可知，张慈赟有创新意识，而且是一个有责任感的人。故选B。 Ⅳ.完形填空 Zhang Qian，an outstanding diplomat(外交官) and explorer in the Han Dynasty，with a pioneering and adventurous 1 as well as a strong and unyielding character，was 2 as the “pioneer of the silk road” “the first Chinese to open the eyes to see the world” and “the Columbus of the 3 ”． As early as 2,000 years ago，Zhang Qian was 4 on a mission to seek allies(同盟国) in the west of China to 5 the enemies in northern tribes.Along the way，no matter how difficult the environment was，his 6 was firm.But soon Zhang was 7 by the Huns just as he left Han territory and was held prisoner for a dozen years. After an eleven spring and autumn recycling，the Huns’ 8 became loose.Hence，Zhang ran away with his personal 9 .They continued to travel west without any dry food and drinking water.Due to the excellent skill of shooting arrows，they 10 by eating birds and animals along the way.After several days，they 11 arrived in Amu Darya Area.However，people there enjoyed their life and didn’t want any war.Though Zhang didn’t finish his mission，he brought back precious 12 of the Western Regions. Due to the 13 of Zhang Qian，the Silk Road started.Through his diplomatic practice，the bridge of friendly exchanges between the Han and Western countries was 14 ，and the cultural and economic exchanges between the east and the west were promoted.Zhang’s journey to the Western Regions breathed new 15 into the civilization and progress of the whole world. 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了张骞历经艰险出使西域，开启了丝绸之路的故事，及其对促进东西方文化、经济交流的影响。 1．A.will B．spirit C．team D．tradition 答案　B 解析　根据下文“‘pioneer of the silk road’ ‘the first Chinese to open the eyes to see the world’”可知，张骞具有开拓冒险的精神和坚强不屈的性格。故选B。 2．A.played B．dressed C．mistaken D．honored 答案　D 解析　mistake弄错；honor给……以荣誉。空后是张骞赢得的几个名誉称号，be honored as“被誉为”，符合题意。故选D。 3．A.north B．east C．south D．west 答案　B 解析　根据上文“Zhang Qian，an outstanding diplomat(外交官) and explorer in the Han Dynasty”可知，张骞是中国汉朝人，故被誉为“东方的哥伦布”。故选B。 4．A.assigned B．frozen C．withdrawn D．stuck 答案　A 解析　assign派遣； withdraw撤回； stick陷住，卡住。 根据空后的“on a mission to seek allies(同盟国) in the west of China”可知，张骞被派到中国西部寻求盟友。故选A。 5．A.compromise with B．take over C．fight against D．learn from 答案　C 解析　compromise with妥协。根据空后的“the enemies in northern tribes”可知，此处指对抗北方部落的敌人。故选C。 6．A.statement B．position C．faith D．reputation 答案　C 解析　statement声明；position地位；reputation名声。根据句意及下文他被囚禁十几年可知，无论环境多么艰难，他的信念始终坚定。故选C。 7．A.captured B．persuaded C．threatened D．challenged 答案　A 解析　capture俘虏。根据下文的“was held prisoner for a dozen years”可知，张骞离开汉朝领土后不久，被匈奴人囚禁了十几年。由此可知，张骞被俘虏了。故选A。 8．A.watch B．atmosphere C．investigation D．requirement 答案　A 解析　watch监视，警戒； investigation调查，侦察。根据下文“Hence，Zhang ran away”可知，张骞逃了出来。由此可知，此处指匈奴人的警戒放松了。故选A。 9．A.cattle B．waitresses C．cooks D．guards 答案　D 解析　cattle家牛；guard卫兵，警卫。根据下文“They continued to travel west...”可知，他们继续向西前行。由此可知，张骞带着他的贴身护卫一起逃跑了。故选D。 10．A.surrounded B．survived C．sheltered D．strengthened 答案　B 解析　shelter保护。根据“by eating birds and animals along the way”可知，尽管没有干粮和水，但是由于高超的射箭技术，他们通过沿途猎食鸟类和动物，活了下来。故选B。 11．A.constantly B．violently C．extensively D．eventually 答案　D 解析　constantly始终； extensively广阔地。根据上下文可知，张骞一行人历经艰险，终于到达阿姆河地区。故选D。 12．A.power B．valuables C．knowledge D．slaves 答案　C 解析　valuables贵重物品。根据上下文可知，虽然张骞没有完成(为汉武帝寻找盟友的)使命，但他带回了宝贵的西域知识。故选C。 13．A.greed B．wealth C．effort D．violence 答案　C 解析　greed贪婪。根据“the Silk Road started”可知，张骞出使西域促进了中国和西方的物质文化交流，所以由于他的努力，丝绸之路开始了。故选C。 14．A.constructed B．reformed C．preserved D．assessed 答案　A 解析　assess评估。根据“and the cultural and economic exchanges between the east and the west were promoted”可知，通过张骞的外交实践，架起了汉朝与西方国家友好交往的桥梁。故选A。 15．A.smell B．vitality C．format D．discipline 答案　B 解析　vitality活力；format设计；discipline纪律。根据上下文可知，张骞出使西域，为世界文明与进步注入了新的活力。故选B。 Ⅴ.语法填空 Tower Bridge is one of London’s most striking attractions that you shouldn’t miss when 1._______________(visit) the capital.This magnificent piece of Victorian architecture dates back to the late 1880s，and until the mid-1970s the main bridge 2. (operate) by a steam engine. Today Tower Bridge is a splendid landmark typical of London，surrounded by cafes and bars 3._____________ tourists and locals alike can sit and enjoy the 4. (beauty) bridge，which looks like two small castles hovering over the Thames，just like something out of a fairy tale. 5． is free to admire Tower Bridge and walk on it at any time; it’s striking to be seen during the day and magical when 6. (light) up at night，so don’t miss out on this wonderful scene! If you would like 7. (step) inside the towers of the famous bridge，you can book Tower Bridge Exhibition tickets.During the exhibition，you can visit the famed engine rooms and impressive towers and find 8. how the bridge came into 9. (exist) through digital displays and animations.You can also pay 10. visit to the glass room of Tower Bridge on the high-level walkways.There are even yoga classes available on the glass floor of Tower Bridge! 1．答案　visiting 解析　考查状语从句的省略。当主从句主语一致，且从句谓语中含有be动词时，可省略从句的主语和be动词，此处省略了主语you和be动词are；visit与逻辑主语you之间为主动关系，应用visiting。故填visiting。 2．答案　was operated 解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。由时间状语“until the mid-1970s”可知应该用一般过去时，operate与主语the main bridge之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语为单数。故填was operated。 3．答案　where 解析　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词cafes and bars，在从句中作地点状语。故填where。 4．答案　beautiful 解析　考查形容词。bridge是名词，前面应该用形容词作定语修饰。故填beautiful。 5．答案　It 解析　考查代词。此处为固定结构“it is＋形容词＋to do sth”，it作形式主语，注意句首首字母大写。故填It。 6．答案　lit/lighted 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处可看作when与空处构成的“连词＋分词”结构，且light与其逻辑主语it之间是被动关系，故用过去分词lit或lighted。故填lit/lighted。 7．答案　to step 解析　考查非谓语动词。would like to do sth想要做某事。故填to step。 8．答案　out 解析　考查动词短语。find out了解，查明。此处意思是“了解桥的来历”。故填out。 9．答案　existence 解析　考查名词。come into existence为固定搭配，意为“开始形成”。故填existence。 10．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。pay a visit to拜访，参观，为固定搭配。故填a。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$