Unit 1 Period 4 Using language (1)：Grammar-【步步高】2023-2024学年高二英语选择性必修第四册（外研版2019）

Period 4　Using language (1)：Grammar—Review：tenses 阅读以下短文，感知黑体部分，并完成后面的小题。 I woke at dawn again and already the birds ①were singing.In the coming days，we ②will be painting the iron roof of the toilet block that we have been building over the last two months.I ③have been living in this Cambodian village for two months.Despite the hard physical work，I ④don’t regret for one moment choosing to spend my gap year as a volunteer for the Cambodia Foundation.It is wonderful to meet such friendly local people who are happy to share their lives with us.I feel happy and free of worries.And，of course，I ⑤have become fitter.This gap year has been a fantastic opportunity for my personal growth，and I surely ⑥will continue to learn about how other people live their lives after it ends. 自主发现 英语中的动词用不同的时态来表示不同的时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。动词的时态是通过动词的形式变化来体现的，如：①是过去进行时，表示过去的某个时间点正在发生某事；②是将来进行时，表示将来的某个时间正在发生某事；③是现在完成进行时，表示从过去开始持续到现在且现在仍在进行中的动作；④是一般现在时，表示现在经常性、习惯性的动作或状态；⑤是现在完成时，强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果；⑥是一般将来时，表示未来的动作或状态或临时做出的决定。 一、一般时态 1．一般现在时 (1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语如always，often，seldom，sometimes，usually，now and then，every day等连用。 The shop closes at 11：00 p．m.every day. 商店每天晚上11点关门。 (2)表示客观事实、真理、格言或者警句等。 Time and tide wait for no man.时不我待。 The Dragon Boat Festival falls on the fifth day of the fifth month of the lunar year. 龙舟节是在每年的农历五月初五。 (3)一般现在时表示按规定、计划或时间表将要发生的动作，通常限于表示“位置转移”的非延续性动词(词组)，如go，come，leave，start，begin，open，close，arrive，take off等，其后常跟表示将来的时间状语。 The train leaves at 7：25 this evening. 火车今晚7：25开。 (4)在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 When I am free，I will come to visit you. 我有空时会去拜访你。 2．一般过去时 (1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的具体时间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示)；也可以表示过去习惯性或经常性的动作。 We met her in the street yesterday. 昨天我们在街上遇见了她。 When he was young，he took cold baths regularly.他年轻时经常洗冷水澡。 (2)在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，若主句用了过去将来时，从句常用一般过去时表示过去将来的意义。 He would be a teacher when he grew up. 他长大后将会成为一名教师。 3．一般将来时 (1)表示未来的动作或状态或临时做出的决定，常用“will/shall＋动词原形”，常与表示将来的时间状语tomorrow，next week等连用。 We will have a meeting tomorrow. 明天我们将召开一场会议。 (2)be going to在口语中常用来表示已经决定或安排要做的事、必然或很可能发生的事，也可用来表示自然现象。 I am going to see my grandmother this weekend.这个周末我要去看望我的祖母。 Look at the dark clouds! It is going to rain. 看，乌云密布！要下雨了。 (3)be to do表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等。 A meeting is to be held at 3 o’clock this afternoon. 会议将在下午三点召开。 (4)be about to do表示“即将，正要”，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。 Autumn harvest is about to start. 秋收即将开始。 4．过去将来时 过去将来时表示从过去某时来预计以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，这种时态常用于宾语从句中，主句常用一般过去时。 He always said that he would study hard at that time.那时他总说他会努力学习。 二、进行时态 1．现在进行时 (1)表示说话时正在进行的动作或存在的状态，也可表示现阶段正在进行的动作，常与时间状语now，at the moment，these days等连用。 All the classmates are reviewing the lesson in the classroom now. 现在所有的同学正在教室里复习功课。 (2)某些表示位置移动的动词，如go，come，leave，arrive，start，move等可用现在进行时表示即将发生或计划要做的动作。 I am leaving the hotel tonight. 今晚我要离开宾馆。 (3)与always，often等频度副词连用，表示经常反复的行为或某种感情色彩。 The girl is always talking loud in public. 这个女孩总是在公共场合大声讲话。 2．过去进行时 (1)表示过去某一时刻正在发生或进行的动作，或过去某一个阶段内一直在进行的动作或存在的状态。 He was reading an interesting book this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候他正在读一本有趣的书。 (2)表示动作在另一个过去的动作发生时正在进行，常与when，while引导的时间状语从句连用。 While he was waiting for the bus，he was reading a newspaper.他一边看报一边等车。 We were having dinner at home when a sharp scream for help was heard. 我们正在家里吃晚饭，突然听到一声尖锐的呼救声。 3．将来进行时 表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作或表示要在将来某一时间开始，并继续下去的动作。一般用延续性动词表示，常与at this time tomorrow/the day after tomorrow，(by) then，from 1：30 to 4：30 tomorrow/the day after tomorrow等时间状语连用。 —Bob，could I use your computer this evening? —Sorry.I will be writing a report on it then. ——鲍勃，今晚我能用你的电脑吗？ ——抱歉，今晚我要用电脑写一份报告。 4．现在完成进行时 现在完成进行时是现在完成时和进行时的组合，表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在并且还要继续下去的动作，或到目前为止的一段时间里一直反复进行的动作，它既具备现在完成时的特征，又具备现在进行时的特征，如：它具备进行体的“未完性、暂时性、感情色彩”等特点。 I have to see the doctor because I have been coughing a lot lately. 我得去看医生，因为我最近一直在咳嗽。 Where have you been？We have been looking for you everywhere. 你到哪里去了？我们到处在找你。(表示不满的感情色彩) 三、完成时态 1．现在完成时 (1)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或已经完成的某一动作。常与lately，recently，so far，by now，up to/till now，in the last/past few days/years等时间状语连用。 China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the Moon. 中国已经成为第一个在月球背面着陆航天器的国家。 (2)表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态，常与“for＋时间段”“since＋时间点”等连用。 I have had three of my essays published since last summer. 自去年夏天以来，我已经发表了三篇论文。 (3)下列句型中常用现在完成时： It is/has been＋一段时间＋since从句； This/That/It is the first/second/...time that＋现在完成时； This/That/It is the＋形容词最高级＋名词＋that＋现在完成时。 It has been ten years since we moved here. 我们搬到这里10年了。 It is the first time that I have been to your hometown.这是我第一次到你的家乡来。 This is the best tea (that) I have ever drunk. 这是我喝过的最好的茶。 2．过去完成时 (1)过去完成时表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。常与by，by the end of，by the time，until，before，since加表示过去某一时间的短语或从句连用。 We had already learned 3,500 words by the end of last term. 到上学期末为止，我们已经学了3 500个单词。 (2)“时间名词＋before”在句中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词＋ago”在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去时。 The train had left ten minutes before. 火车十分钟前就已经开走了。 The train left ten minutes ago. 火车十分钟前开了。 (3)在hardly/scarcely...when...，no sooner...than...句式中，主句常用过去完成时，表示“一……就……”。当hardly，scarcely，no sooner置于句首时，其后要用部分倒装。 We had no sooner been seated than the bus started. ＝No sooner had we been seated than the bus started. 我们刚刚坐下，车就开动了。 (4)一些动词如hope，plan，mean，want，intend，suppose，expect等，用过去完成时表示原本打算做但实际上并未做成某事。 I had meant to see you off at the airport but I was too busy. 我原本想去机场给你送行的，但是我太忙了。 3．将来完成时 将来完成时表示从将来的某一时间开始，延续到另一个将来时间的动作或状态，或发生在某个将来时间，但对其后的另一个将来时间有影响的动作或状态，它的构成是“will/shall have＋动词的过去分词”，第一人称I、we用shall或will，其余人称都用will。将来完成时的用法主要总结如下： (1)表示动作或状态延续到将来某一时间，常用延续性动词，并带有一个表示将来某一时间的状语或状语从句。 He will have been in the army for 3 years by next month. 到下个月他就已经参军3年了。 (2)表示动作或状态在将来某一时间之前已经结束，但其影响却延续到那一时间，常用非延续性动词。 When the old man comes back next week，his son will have left for Shanghai. 老人下周回来时，他儿子将已经动身去上海了。 用所给动词的正确时态完成短文 I am a Senior Two student who 1.loves(love) English.My English teacher speaks so clearly that I can understand what she 2.is explaining(explain) in class.I 3.have been learning(learn) English for almost ten years but I 4.haven’t read(not read) many English books so far.Luckily，my English 5.is improving(improve) now.In the past，I 6.was worrying(worry) that I 7.would make(make) mistakes.My teacher once 8.told(tell) me，“Don’t be afraid of making mistakes.You 9.will make(make) progress through mistakes.” Encouraged by my teacher，I 10.will have finished(finish) reading three English novels by the end of this term. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．At this time tomorrow，I will be lying(lie) on the beach. 2．It had been(be) completely dark by the time I left the office. 3．Time is limited! Hurry up! The flight takes(take) off at 10：20.We have just half an hour left. 4．The last time I saw him，he was working(work) as a correspondent in China Daily. 5．This is the first time that we have seen(see) a film in the cinema together as a family. 6．Being too anxious often results(result) in the contrary to our intention ultimately. 7．Did you predict that many students would sign(sign) up for the dance competition? 8．To find the missing child，villagers have been doing(do) all they can over the past five hours. 9．No sooner had he finished(finish) reading the detective novel than I borrowed it from him. 10．I had intended(intend) to help you with the housework but I was buried in writing a report. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．He had planned to go abroad(本来打算出国)，but he changed his mind after finding a good job. 2．This is the first historical novel that I have ever read(我读过的)． 3．I was driving down to London(开车去伦敦) when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road. 4．I don’t like those who are always complaining(总是抱怨的人)． 5．By the time you come back，I will have graduated from college(我将已经大学毕业了)． 6．Hardly had he arrived when(他一到就……) the boss asked him to start working. 7．I can’t pick you up at 9 tomorrow because I will be attending(我将正在参加) an important meeting then. 8．Great changes have taken place(发生) in my hometown in the past ten years. Ⅲ.阅读理解 We all dream of reaching a certain success someday.Because of this we are all afraid of the very same thing—failure.But we should understand that we all have to experience some sort of failure in our lives.It is part of growing up and it is part of life itself.Failure doesn’t have to always be seen as something negative.When you get to see failure in a different perspective，you will see that it has the power to help you get to your goal. Don’t be so hard on yourself whenever you make a mistake or fail a task.Everyone makes mistakes.Whenever you face one failure，remember to accept your fault and do something to make things right.Whenever you fail something，you just have to get up and keep trying.You will get to your goal eventually. Every mistake is a lesson you have to learn from.As the saying goes，“If you do something wrong for the first time，it is a mistake.But if it happens again，then it becomes a choice.” Your mistakes and failure make you wiser. You should be smart enough to know and avoid the causes that lead you to them once more.No dream or goal is ever easy.With every great success，there are some failures along the way that lead to something great.Don’t give up and don’t be afraid to make mistakes.It is all part of the game of life. Life is not a bed of roses.The journey to success will have its ups and downs and have its share of joy and suffering.You will encounter failure once in a while.But pain is part of the learning process.Failures and mistakes are experiences that will make you wiser and stronger as you climb the ladder of success. 1．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To encourage people to think about failure positively. B．To emphasize the importance of self-confidence. C．To explain some meanings of achieving success. D．To discuss the relation between failure and success. 答案　A 解析　写作意图题。通读全文尤其根据第一段最后两句可推知，这篇文章的主要目的是鼓励人们积极地看待失败。故选A。 2．What can we know from paragraph 2? A．Everyone should pay for their mistakes. B．Failure makes success more meaningful. C．Mistakes can bring people great benefits. D．It’s common to make mistakes in daily life. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Everyone makes mistakes.”可知，在日常生活中犯错误是很常见的。故选D。 3．What does the author think of people who make the same mistakes again? A．They are complete losers. B．They are not good learners. C．They should not be forgiven. D．They need sympathy and support. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中“Every mistake is a lesson you have to learn from...If you do something wrong for the first time，it is a mistake.But if it happens again，then it becomes a choice.”可推知，作者认为那些再次犯同样错误的人不是好的学习者。故选B。 4．What does the underlined word “encounter” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Expect. B．Avoid. C．Experience. D．Appreciate. 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“The journey to success will have its ups and downs and have its share of joy and suffering.”以及后文“failure once in a while”可知，成功之路有起有落，有欢乐也有痛苦，所以偶尔会经历失败，故画线词意思是“经历”。故选C。 Ⅳ.完形填空 My career as a chef started at the age of 25，but my 1 for cooking started at an early age，when I was about 5 years old—by watching my grandmother and my mom in the kitchen 2 daily meals for the family.I was also 3 by going with my grandfather to markets to 4 the freshest ingredients.My grandfather taught me the art of picking and recognizing “the 5 ”． Growing up in Morocco，I witnessed the most amazing hospitality and 6 through my grandparents.They opened their 7 to everybody，and fed and sheltered the poor，travelers，family and friends. I remember as a young kid coming home from school to the 8 of fragrant(芳香的) fresh bread coming out of the oven.Those smells stimulated(刺激) my senses at a young age.The 9 were fresh and seasonal—they were very simple dishes but delightfully 10 . Food is almost as 11 as it is necessary.Food makes people feel things.I really think that food tastes its best when there is a 12 behind it.It shapes cultures，religion，politics and health.Food brings people together，and goes straight to the 13 . In my kitchen，I try to duplicate(复制) smells and flavors that make me think about more than what I’m actually smelling or 14 —my life，my family，and my history.I love to cook food that 15 people’s emotions and memories；my philosophy is to “keep food real and simple”． 语篇解读　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者受家人的熏陶，对烹饪充满热情，他作为厨师的烹饪理念就是要保持食物的真实与简单。 1．A.talent B．passion C．explanation D．expectation 答案　B 解析　根据第一段我跟着祖父去购买最新鲜的食材以及作者自己是厨师可知，“我”对烹饪的“热爱(passion)”从小就开始了。故选B。 2．A.changing B．ordering C．preparing D．searching 答案　C 解析　由该空前的“my grandmother and my mom in the kitchen”和该空后的“daily meals for the family”，再结合常识可知，祖母和妈妈在厨房里为一家人“准备(preparing)”一日三餐。故选C。 3．A.inspired B．bothered C．honored D．amused 答案　A 解析　由该空后的“going with my grandfather to markets”和“My grandfather taught me the art of picking and recognizing”可知，“我”也受到了和祖父一起去市场购买最新鲜食材的“启发(inspired)”。故选A。 4．A.ask about B．experiment with C．learn of D．shop for 答案　D 解析　由该空前的markets和该空后的“the freshest ingredients”以及“My grandfather taught me the art of picking and recognizing”可知，“我”和祖父去市场“选购(shop for)”最新鲜的食材。故选D。 5．A.biggest B．best C．cleanest D．cheapest 答案　B 解析　由上文中的“the freshest ingredients”可知，此处是指祖父教“我”如何挑选和辨认“最好的(best)”食材。故选B。 6．A.wisdom B．honesty C．success D．generosity 答案　D 解析　由下文中的“fed and sheltered the poor，travelers，family and friends”可知，“我”通过祖父母见证了最令人惊叹的好客和“慷慨(generosity)”。故选D。 7．A.offices B．houses C．restaurants D．hotels 答案　B 解析　由该空后的“sheltered the poor...friends”可知，此处是指祖父母把“房子(houses)”向所有人开放。故选B。 8．A.art B．signs C．creation D．smells 答案　D 解析　由该空后的“fragrant(芳香的) fresh bread coming out of the oven”及下文中的“Those smells stimulated(刺激) my senses”可知，“我”从学校回到家就能闻到芳香的刚出炉的新鲜面包的“味道(smells)”。故选D。 9．A.fruits B．vegetables C．ingredients D．goods 答案　C 解析　上文中的“the freshest ingredients”提示本空，“原料(ingredients)”都是新鲜的、当季的。故选C。 10．A.delicious B．useful C．organic D．convenient 答案　A 解析　由本段中的fragrant和delightfully可推知，此处是指这些菜肴很简单，但“美味可口(delicious)”。故选A。 11．A.nutritious B．sufficient C．emotional D．suitable 答案　C 解析　由该段中的“Food makes people feel things.”和“Food brings people together...”以及文章最后一句中“food that people’s emotions”可知，食物“能激起人的感情(emotional)”。故选C。 12．A.reason B．purpose C．cook D．story 答案　D 解析　由该空前的“Food makes people feel things.”和该空后的“It shapes cultures，religion，politics and health.”可知，“我”认为有“故事(story)”的食物味道最好。故选D。 13．A.kitchen B．heart C．source D．point 答案　B 解析　由该空前的“Food brings people together”可知，食物把人们聚在一起，直抵“心灵(heart)”。故选B。 14．A.tasting B．chewing C．touching D．seeing 答案　A 解析　由上文中的“smells and flavors”可知，此处指“我”能闻到的气味和“尝到(tasting)”的味道。故选A。 15．A.holds up B．drives away C．stirs up D．depends on 答案　C 解析　hold up支撑；drive away赶走；stir up激起；depend on取决于。由上文的描述可知，作者喜欢烹饪能“激起(stirs up)”人们情感和回忆的食物。故选C。 Ⅴ.语法填空 I’d never heard of the yangqin,1. 18th-century Chinese stringed instrument，until this past Sunday on April 11,2021，when I had the pleasure of hearing music master Wenzhuo Zhang perform on it in a virtual concert. Wenzhuo，a Chinese native，began her training on the yangqin 2. she was only 5.At 13，Wenzhuo 3. (win) a scholarship to the Arts School of Hebei Province；the 4._____________(high) competitive program only accepted a single yangqin student every two years.After graduation，she placed first in nationwide auditions and 5. (admit) into the National Academy of Chinese Theatre Arts in Beijing,6. she was awarded her bachelor’s in yangqin performance in 2005. Wenzhuo performed four pieces，three tracing their 7. (origin) to centuries-old Chinese composers，and one from the modern era.Needless to say，Wenzhuo’s performances sounded gorgeous.The yangqin is a unique and beautiful instrument and its sound,8. (combine) with Wenzhuo’s musical ability，allowed the four greatly different pieces to stand together.I believe it serves 9. a wonderful introduction to the instrument. It was 10. (fascinate) to learn about the yangqin and a joy to watch Wenzhuo perform on it from the comfort of my home.It was really quite a relief from my daily care. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了音乐大师张文卓学习扬琴的经历以及她取得的一些成就。 1．答案　an 解析　考查冠词。instrument是可数名词，在句中是单数，故该空是不定冠词，表示泛指，18th的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。 2．答案　when 解析　考查连词。根据空后的she was only 5，可知该空表示“当……时候”，需用when引导时间状语从句。故填when。 3．答案　won 解析　考查动词的时态。At 13表示该句是一般过去时，故谓语动词是过去式，win意为“赢得”，其过去式是won。故填won。 4．答案　highly 解析　考查副词。该空修饰形容词competitive(有竞争性的)，故用副词，high是形容词，highly是副词，表示“很，非常”。故填highly。 5．答案　was admitted 解析　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。主语she与admit是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此该句用被动语态；句子是一般过去时，且主语she是单数形式。故填was admitted。 6．答案　where 解析　考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构，该空是非限制性定语从句的关系词，先行词是the National Academy of Chinese Theatre Arts，关系词在从句中作地点状语。故填where。 7．答案　origins 解析　考查名词复数。该空前面是形容词性物主代词their，“它们的”，故应填名词复数。故填origins。 8．答案　combined 解析　考查非谓语动词。该句主语是its sound，谓语是allowed，因此该空是非谓语动词作状语，combine sth with sth为固定短语，意为“将某物和某物结合起来”，sound与combine是被动关系，需用过去分词combined。故填combined。 9．答案　as 解析　考查介词。serve as是固定短语，意为“充当，用作”。故填as。 10．答案　fascinating 解析　考查形容词。该句是句型It＋be＋形容词＋to do sth，空处需填形容词作表语，故填fascinating。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$