精品解析：广东省东莞市海逸外国语学校2024-2025学年高二下学期第一次质量检测英语试卷

2024-2025学年第二学期十一年级第一次质量检测试卷—英语 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名和考号填写在答题卡上，用2B铅笔将考号、座位号填涂在答题卡上。 2．选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案答在试题卷上无效。 3．非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答卷上各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。 4．考试结束后，将答题卡交回，试卷自己保留。 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分20分) 第一节 听力理解 (两段共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分) 共两小段，每段播放两遍。请根据各段播放内容及其相关小题，在5秒钟内从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 听第一段对话，回答第1～2题。 1．Where are the two speakers? A．At the airport. B．At the train station. C．At the subway station. 2．How long will the woman have to wait? A．About an hour. B．About an hour and a half. C．About half an hour. 听第二段对话，回答第3～5题。 3．What are the two speakers planning to do? A．To go to the park for a picnic. B．To enjoy the sunshine. C．To eat outside. 4．What will they do to avoid a dirty table? A．They will hire a cleaner. B．They will pack something clean. C．They will bring a tablecloth. 5．What might they do next? A．Go to the park. B．Stay at home. C．Go to the KFC. 第二节 听取信息(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分) 听下面一段材料。请根据题目要求，从所听到的内容中获取必要的信息，填入标号为6～10的空格中。听录音前，你将有10秒钟的阅题时间，录音读两遍。你将有60秒钟的作答时间。 Randy Pausch Contribution As a professor, he 6 countless students in the classroom. His life He knew that he had cancer in 2006. On 7 18 2007, he decide to give a lecture. The last lecture ●In his last speech, he didn’t talk about his 8 , but shared with the audience his 9 . ●His lecture became an international media story and a(n) 10 book that has been published in more than 35 languages. 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分37.5分) 第一节(共10小题;每小题2.5分，满分25分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。 A Science fiction pioneer and writer Wu Yan won the National Outstanding Children’s literature Award for his latest work China Orbit. The book focuses on the development of the Chinese aerospace industry, and it was inspired by the planning and preparation for China’s first but canceled manned spacecraft, “Shuguang 1”, also known as Project 714, during the late 1960s and early 1970s. “I collected many historical documents and stories and started writing decades ago, Wu remembered. Partly based on Wu’s own experiences in the 1970s, the book is a combination of reality and fiction, and in some ways his own memoir (传记) was added into the science fiction. This innovative and unique writing method makes the book stand out and has even stirred up a debate on how to categorize it. Is it science fiction, popular science, children’s literature, or aerospace literature? His fellow science fiction writer Liu Cixin, author of The Three-Body Problem, sees it more deeply, and believes China Orbit is not really children’s science fiction or popular science. He thinks it is too complicated to be classed under a single category. He speaks highly of China Orbit as a unique science fiction novel that vividly shows a child’s real-life experience in a military of a specific era. In Wu’s opinion, China is a big market for children’s science fiction, but it still lacks extraordinary works. He warned people not to try to earn quick money from it after The Three-BodyProblem frenzy (狂热) and movie blockbuster (轰动) The Wondering Earth because Chinese science fiction still has a long way to go. We need to build Chinese science fiction step by step, with an accumulation of really great works. We need to innovate, and treat it as part of building China’s new culture. 1. What is the book China Orbit mainly about? A. The space industry in China. B. The introduction to Project 714. C. Stories about Chinese outstanding astronauts. D. Preparations for China’s first manned spacecraft. 2. What is Wu’s approach to writing China Orbit? A. He organizes the writing by time. B He tells the story in the form of debate. C. He focuses on creating the role of children. D. He combines his personal experiences with fiction. 3. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. China Obit has great commercial value. B. Chinese science movies are of poor quality. C. Innovation is crucial to Chinese science fiction. D. Wu Yan is disappointed at the Chinese film market. B We truly are what we eat — and what our ancestors ate. Food has changed who we are and how we developed for hundreds of thousands of years. From processing to preserving to cooking, what humans did and continue to do to food played a big role in shaping our evolution. Processed food isn’t just a modern invention, created in factories from artificial ingredients. It is as old as humanity itself and may have helped create our species. Processing doesn’t necessarily mean adding chemicals-it also includes hitting or slicing (切片) or changing the food in any way before eating. Compared to our ancestors, modern human teeth, jaws and faces have gotten smaller relative to overall skull size because of making food easier to chew, especially from cooking. Processing food also led to a huge gain in leisure time. The less time people spent chewing, the more time they had to develop complex oral language. Cooking food was one of the biggest changes in human history. Researchers believe it could have occurred between 1.8 million and 400,000 years ago, Harvard professor Richard Wrangham said, according to National Geographic. Cooking increases the energy and nutrients we get from food. Without cooking, according to the BBC, an average person would have to eat around 5 kilos of raw food to survive and we’d have to spend most of the day chewing. Cooking food also breaks down its cells, so our stomachs need to work less to absorb the nutrients our bodies require. “This,” said Professor Peter Wheeler from Liverpool John Moores University, UK, “freed up energy which could then be used to power a larger brain. The increase in brain-size mirrors the reduction in the size of the gut (肠道).” Processed food literally shaped us as a species and made us human-the only species on Earth who can cook. 4. What can we know about processed food? A. It makes food easier to cook. B. It is mostly created from artificial ingredients. C. It appears at least since the beginning of human beings. D. It changes the way we talk. 5. What is the benefit of cooking food to humans? A. It practices human chewing skills. B. It costs human more leisure time. C. It reduces food digestion of humans. D. It saves energy for humans to develop brains. 6. What does the underlined word “mirrors” in paragraph 4 mean? A. benefits. B. reflects. C. influences. D. functions. C Government agencies and volunteer groups in many places are using sea creatures to protect coastal areas from storms and rising sea levels. The idea is that large groups of oysters (牡蛎) known as colonies, can help reduce the power of waves. Powerful waves can damage lands along the edge of ocean waters. Oysters may play an important part in dealing with the problem. Oysters are central to a project that is taking place near Vaccaro’s rebuilt house. The project is being carried out by the Littore Society. It received $1 million from the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. The group has been building steel wire containers, filling them with rocks and whelk (海螺) shells an positioning them along the shoreline of Barnegat Bay. Tiny baby oysters are attached to whelk shells and placed in the existing cages to further strengthen the shoreline. The shoreline in Vaccaro’s neighborhood has lost 46 meters of beach since 1995, the Littoral Society says. The oysters appear to be doing their job. One recent day, a strong east wind blew across the bay. But between the oysters and the shoreline, the water was much calmer, and waves gently wen onto the shoreline instead of hitting it with force. As an added benefit, the oysters help improve water quality in the bay. The Associated Press reports that a single oyster can filter (过滤) up to 190 liters of water a day. A few kilometers south, a group called ReClam the Bay is building an oyster reef to protect the shoreline of Mordecai Island. People do not live on the island, but it protects the shoreline of Beach Haven, a town on Long Beach Island. Volunteers fill bags with 16 kilograms of whelk shells, to which millions of baby oysters have been attached. Then volunteers move them out to the reef a few hundred yards into the ocean. They have placed 10, 000 bags of oysters and whelk shells there since 2015. 7. Where do the baby oysters grow? A. On the sea rocks. B. In steel wire cages. C. In shallow calm water. D. In the fishermen’s houses. 8. What does the author intend to tell us in paragraph 4? A. The sea life project works. B. The baby oysters grow well. C. The beach stops missing. D. The sea pollution is dropping. 9. What do we know about ReClam the Bay? A. It cooperates with the Littoral Society. B. It offers baby oysters to the Littoral Society. C It has the same aim as the Littoral Society. D. It has made more progress than the Littoral Society. 10. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Oyster Farming Has Great Benefits B. Volunteer Ocean Protection Is in Action C. Worldwide Beaches Are Disappearing Fast D. Little Sea Creature Could Save Coastal Land 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。 If you think of the jobs robots could never do, you would probably put doctors and teachers at the top of the list. It’s easy to imagine robot cleaners and factory workers, but some jobs need human connection and creativity. But are we underestimating (低估) what robots can do? ____11____ Also, some patients might feel more comfortable sharing personal information with a machine than a person.____12____ British education expert Anthony Seldon thinks so. And he even has a date for the robot takeover of the classroom: 2027. ____13____ And teachers will be like assistants. Intelligent robots will read students’ facial expressions, body movements and maybe even brain signals. Then they will adapt the information to each student. It’s not a popular opinion and it’s unlikely robots will ever have empathy (同感) and the ability to really connect with humans like another human can. One thing is certain, though. ____14____ In some parts of the world, there aren’t enough teachers and 9-16 percent of children under the age of 14 don’t go to school. That problem could be partly solved by robots because they can teach anywhere. Teachers all over the world are leaving because it is a difficult job and they feel overworked. Perhaps the question is not “Will robots replace teachers?” but “How can robots help teachers?” Office workers can use software to do things. ____15____ If robots could cut the time teachers spend marking homework and writing reports, teachers would have more time and energy for the parts of the job humans do best. A. Teachers can be replaced by robots. B. A robot teacher is better than no teacher at all. C. Teachers waste a lot of time doing non-teaching work. D. He predicts robots will do the main job of transferring information. E. Could there be a place for robots in education after all? F. Robots can save time that teachers spend in teaching in classroom. G. In some cases, they already perform better than doctors at diagnosing (诊断) illness. 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分37.5分) 第一节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I was heading home after giving my colleague a lift. I took a ___16___ as the snowstorm was approaching. Then the snow started and was coming down ___17___. Within minutes I was in a whiteout.The windows were ___18___ and getting covered with snow, so I slowed down and rolled down my driver's side window, thinking I could better ___19___ the road edge and keep to a straight line. But really, I had no ___20___ where I was. I stopped and kept the car running to stay___21___. I called 911.The operator told me to wait things out for the night. The call left me in ___22___. Breathe, I told myself. An idea occurred to me. I ___23___ my location online and explained what I was ___24___, wishing for anyone to come to my rescue. Soon enough, people started chiming in on my post. I got a ____25____ from someone who was going to put me in touch with people nearby. I had never been more ____26____. Then I saw a big ____27____ in the dark. He had walked about 500 metres to get me, ____28____ the wind and snow each step of the way. “You’ll be OK. Follow me.” He turned around and started to trudge through the snow, sure of the ____29____. I drove slowly behind him. When we reached his house,I burst into tears of ____30____. 16. A. shortcut B. turn C. look D. risk 17. A. soon B. fast C. lightly D. suddenly 18. A. locked B. closed C. frozen D. broken 19. A. follow B. cover C. mark D. remember 20. A. plan B. clue C. doubt D. problem 21. A. awake B. calm C. warm D. still 22. A. confusion B. trouble C. embarrassment D. panic 23. A. confirmed B. found C. posted D. checked 24. A. looking at B. going through C. searching for D. carrying out 25. A. tip B. comment C. like D. message 26. A. inspired B. relieved C. convinced D. amazed 27. A. policeman B. creature C. shadow D. figure 28. A. fighting B. avoiding C. checking D. reporting 29. A. goal B. danger C. depth D. direction 30. A. hope B. love C. gratitude D. pride 第二节 单句语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 根据句子结构的语法性，在下面空格处填入一个适当的词语或使用括号中词语的适当形式填空。 31. The purpose of this activity is _________ (show) our rich campus culture and the students’ various talents. (所给词的适当形式填空) 32. As a child, she loved watching ______(comedy) best and hoped to become a comedy actor one day.(所给词的适当形式填空) 33. Wang Sulong now is a very ______ (influence) figure in the music industry. (所给词的适当形式填空) 34. To live a low-carbon life, people can rely ______ public transportation to get them to and from work. (用适当的词填空) 35. The problem comes when cool weather delays the spring harvest of wheat, ______ in turn delays the planting of soybeans. (用适当的词填空) 36. Much ______ (invest) in hospitals and schools is needed now to match the future needs of our country. (所给词的适当形式填空) 37. ______ exhibition will be held in my city next month, but we still don’t know what it is about. (用适当的词填空) 38. In fact, ______we should do is take measures to learn English well. (用适当的词填空) 39. His home ______(destroy)10 years ago in a big storm that affected the U. S. west coast. (所给词的适当形式填空) 40. Scotland is a destination for a relaxing holiday, ______ (describe) as “the home of golf”. (所给词适当形式填空) 第四部分 写作(共三节，满分55分) 第一节句子考查 (51-54小题，每空0.5分，55-57每小题3分;满分15分) 根据下面各个句子的要求，完成、改写或翻译句子。 41. I think people, women ______ ______ (尤其), tend to avoid talking about such sensitive issues. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 42. He ______ ______ ______ ______ (下定决心) to sail around the world. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 43. Therefore, every member in the family, including the servants, liked her.(同义句转换) Therefore, every member in the family, including the servants, ______ ______ ______her. 44. As a representative of the staff, I wish to extend our warmest welcome to you.(同义句转换) ______ ______ ______ the staff, I wish to extend our warmest welcome to you. 45. John asked, “Did you see my son yesterday?” (改为间接引语) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 46. Reducing the income gap in order to build a harmonious society is a requirement.(用it作形式主语改写) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 47. 他当时如此专注他的工作，以至于没有意识到该吃晚饭了。(用so...that ...翻译) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节 应用文写作(满分15分) 48. 请你以中学生李华的名义为一家英语网站写一篇文章，呼吁更多中学生加入保护大熊猫的行列中来。内容包括： 1.大熊猫(the giant panda)是中国的国宝，也是世界稀有动物之一； 2.大熊猫主要以竹子为食，曾经由于竹林遭到破坏，大熊猫觅食越来越困难； 3.发出呼吁。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第三节 读后续写(满分25分) 49. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Rick, a ten-year-old boy, was constantly angry at everything around him. He always fought in school with the other kids. Once he had an outburst in school. Upset by something a classmate said to him, he pushed the boy, and a fight happened. When the teacher stepped in to break it up, Rick went crazy, throwing papers and books around the classroom and rushing out. His teachers couldn’t say anything that would comfort the kid. And the parents of his schoolmates were getting concerned. Rick was earning quite the reputation. After talking with school officials, Rick’s mom tried everything she could to calm Rick down. She tried different methods until one day she came home with a canvas (画布) and paint. “What’s this?”, Rick asked. Rick’s mom handed over the painting equipment and said, “Whenever you feel angry, paint whatever you’re angry about instead of bursting out.” Rick wasn’t that happy about it but he gave it a try anyway. Over the next few weeks, the young boy created several artworks. They mostly showed disturbing images though. So his mom took all of the paintings and called Rick over so that they could talk about them. “Tell me, Rick. What are these paintings about?” “Well, the first painting is about how some of the kids show off their new clothes and pencil cases. The next painting is about my teacher who keeps telling me about how I’m doing things wrong. And the last painting is about how one of my schoolmate’s father suggested that I change my attitude. All of them make me so angry.” Rick’s mom, in a calm voice, took Rick by her side and told him: “Don’t you see it, Rick?” “See what?” Rick asked. “You’re so angry at all of these things but not once did you try to understand why you’re getting so angry. What have all these people done to you, really?” 注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右; 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Rick was lost in thought _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Rick knew it was time to change. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024-2025学年第二学期十一年级第一次质量检测试卷—英语 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名和考号填写在答题卡上，用2B铅笔将考号、座位号填涂在答题卡上。 2．选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案答在试题卷上无效。 3．非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答卷上各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。 4．考试结束后，将答题卡交回，试卷自己保留。 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分20分) 第一节 听力理解 (两段共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分) 共两小段，每段播放两遍。请根据各段播放内容及其相关小题，在5秒钟内从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 听第一段对话，回答第1～2题。 1．Where are the two speakers? A．At the airport. B．At the train station. C．At the subway station. 2．How long will the woman have to wait? A．About an hour. B．About an hour and a half. C．About half an hour. 听第二段对话，回答第3～5题。 3．What are the two speakers planning to do? A．To go to the park for a picnic. B．To enjoy the sunshine. C．To eat outside. 4．What will they do to avoid a dirty table? A．They will hire a cleaner. B．They will pack something clean. C．They will bring a tablecloth. 5．What might they do next? A．Go to the park. B．Stay at home. C．Go to the KFC. 第二节 听取信息(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分) 听下面一段材料。请根据题目要求，从所听到的内容中获取必要的信息，填入标号为6～10的空格中。听录音前，你将有10秒钟的阅题时间，录音读两遍。你将有60秒钟的作答时间。 Randy Pausch Contribution As a professor, he 6 countless students in the classroom. His life He knew that he had cancer in 2006. On 7 18, 2007, he decide to give a lecture. The last lecture ●In his last speech, he didn’t talk about his 8 , but shared with the audience his 9 . ●His lecture became an international media story and a(n) 10 book that has been published in more than 35 languages. 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分37.5分) 第一节(共10小题;每小题2.5分，满分25分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。 A Science fiction pioneer and writer Wu Yan won the National Outstanding Children’s literature Award for his latest work China Orbit. The book focuses on the development of the Chinese aerospace industry, and it was inspired by the planning and preparation for China’s first but canceled manned spacecraft, “Shuguang 1”, also known as Project 714, during the late 1960s and early 1970s. “I collected many historical documents and stories and started writing decades ago, Wu remembered. Partly based on Wu’s own experiences in the 1970s, the book is a combination of reality and fiction, and in some ways his own memoir (传记) was added into the science fiction. This innovative and unique writing method makes the book stand out and has even stirred up a debate on how to categorize it. Is it science fiction, popular science, children’s literature, or aerospace literature? His fellow science fiction writer Liu Cixin author of The Three-Body Problem, sees it more deeply, and believes China Orbit is not really children’s science fiction or popular science. He thinks it is too complicated to be classed under a single category. He speaks highly of China Orbit as a unique science fiction novel that vividly shows a child’s real-life experience in a military of a specific era. In Wu’s opinion, China is a big market for children’s science fiction, but it still lacks extraordinary works. He warned people not to try to earn quick money from it after The Three-BodyProblem frenzy (狂热) and movie blockbuster (轰动) The Wondering Earth because Chinese science fiction still has a long way to go. We need to build Chinese science fiction step by step, with an accumulation of really great works. We need to innovate, and treat it as part of building China’s new culture. 1. What is the book China Orbit mainly about? A. The space industry in China. B. The introduction to Project 714. C. Stories about Chinese outstanding astronauts. D. Preparations for China’s first manned spacecraft. 2. What is Wu’s approach to writing China Orbit? A. He organizes the writing by time. B. He tells the story in the form of debate. C. He focuses on creating the role of children. D. He combines his personal experiences with fiction. 3. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. China Obit has great commercial value. B. Chinese science movies are of poor quality. C. Innovation is crucial to Chinese science fiction. D. Wu Yan is disappointed at the Chinese film market. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。本文阐述了作家吴岩凭借其最新作品《中国轨道号》获得了全国优秀儿童文学奖，并围绕这部儿童科幻作品，说明中国儿童科幻小说存在的问题和努力的方向。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段的“The book focuses on the development of the Chinese aerospace industry(这本书的重点是中国航空航天工业的发展)”可知，China Orbit这本书主要讲的是中国的航天工业。故选A。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Partly based on Wu’s own experiences in the 1970s, the book is a combination of reality and fiction, and in some ways his own memoir (传记) was added into the science fiction. This innovative and unique writing method makes the book stand out and has even stirred up a debate on how to categorize it.(这本书部分取材于他自己在20世纪70年代的经历，是现实与虚构的结合，在某种程度上，他自己的回忆录被添加到科幻小说中。这种创新和独特的写作方法使这本书脱颖而出，甚至引发了一场关于如何分类的争论。)”可知，吴岩把他自己的回忆录添加到了科幻小说中。因此，吴的写作方法是他把个人经历和小说结合起来。故选D。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“We need to build Chinese science fiction step by step, with an accumulation of really great works. We need to innovate, and treat it as part of building China’s new culture.(我们需要一步一步地建设中国科幻小说，积累真正伟大的作品。我们要创新，把创新作为建设中国新文化的一部分。)”可知，从最后一段我们能推断出创新是中国科幻小说的关键。故选C。 B We truly are what we eat — and what our ancestors ate. Food has changed who we are and how we developed for hundreds of thousands of years. From processing to preserving to cooking, what humans did and continue to do to food played a big role in shaping our evolution. Processed food isn’t just a modern invention created in factories from artificial ingredients. It is as old as humanity itself and may have helped create our species. Processing doesn’t necessarily mean adding chemicals-it also includes hitting or slicing (切片) or changing the food in any way before eating. Compared to our ancestors, modern human teeth, jaws and faces have gotten smaller relative to overall skull size because of making food easier to chew, especially from cooking. Processing food also led to a huge gain in leisure time. The less time people spent chewing, the more time they had to develop complex oral language. Cooking food was one of the biggest changes in human history. Researchers believe it could have occurred between 1.8 million and 400,000 years ago, Harvard professor Richard Wrangham said, according to National Geographic. Cooking increases the energy and nutrients we get from food. Without cooking, according to the BBC, an average person would have to eat around 5 kilos of raw food to survive and we’d have to spend most of the day chewing. Cooking food also breaks down its cells, so our stomachs need to work less to absorb the nutrients our bodies require. “This,” said Professor Peter Wheeler from Liverpool John Moores University, UK, “freed up energy which could then be used to power a larger brain. The increase in brain-size mirrors the reduction in the size of the gut (肠道).” Processed food literally shaped us as a species and made us human-the only species on Earth who can cook. 4. What can we know about processed food? A. It makes food easier to cook. B. It is mostly created from artificial ingredients. C. It appears at least since the beginning of human beings. D. It changes the way we talk. 5. What is the benefit of cooking food to humans? A. It practices human chewing skills. B It costs human more leisure time. C. It reduces food digestion of humans. D. It saves energy for humans to develop brains. 6. What does the underlined word “mirrors” in paragraph 4 mean? A. benefits. B. reflects. C. influences. D. functions. 【答案】4. C 5. D 6. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了食物与人类进化之间的关系，人类随着食物的变化而逐渐发展。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“It is as old as humanity itself and may have helped create our species. Processing doesn’t necessarily mean adding chemicals-it also includes hitting or slicing (切片) or changing the food in any way before eating.(它和人类本身一样古老，可能帮助创造了我们这个物种。加工并不一定意味着添加化学物质，它还包括在吃之前击打或切片或以任何方式改变食物。)”可知，加工食品至少从人类开始就出现了。故选C项。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The less time people spent chewing, the more time they had to develop complex oral language.(人们花在咀嚼上的时间越少，他们发展复杂口语的时间就越多。)”和第四段“Cooking food also breaks down its cells, so our stomachs need to work less to absorb the nutrients our bodies require. “This,” said Professor Peter Wheeler from Liverpool John Moores University, UK, “freed up energy which could then be used to power a larger brain. The increase in brain-size mirrors the reduction in the size of the gut (肠道).”(烹饪食物也会分解它的细胞，所以我们的胃需要更少的工作来吸收我们身体所需的营养。英国利物浦约翰摩尔斯大学的Peter Wheeler教授说：“释放出的能量，可以用来为更大的大脑提供动力。”大脑大小的增加反映了肠道大小的缩小。”)”可知，烹饪食物对人类的好处是为人类发育大脑节省能量。故选D项。 【6题详解】 词句猜测题。划线词前文“Cooking food also breaks down its cells, so our stomachs need to work less to absorb the nutrients our bodies require.(烹饪食物也会分解它的细胞，所以我们的胃需要更少的工作来吸收我们身体所需的营养。)”和“freed up energy which could then be used to power a larger brain.(释放出的能量，可以用来为更大的大脑提供动力。)”说明我们的胃需要更少的工作来吸收身体所需的营养，而释放出来的能量可以用来为大脑提供动力，由此推知，大脑大小的增加也反映了肠道大小的缩小，从而推知划线词句“The increase in brain-size mirrors the reduction in the size of the gut (肠道).(大脑大小的增加mirrors肠道大小的缩小。)”其中划线词应为“反映”的意思，与B项同义。故选B项。 C Government agencies and volunteer groups in many places are using sea creatures to protect coastal areas from storms and rising sea levels. The idea is that large groups of oysters (牡蛎) known as colonies, can help reduce the power of waves. Powerful waves can damage lands along the edge of ocean waters. Oysters may play an important part in dealing with the problem. Oysters are central to a project that is taking place near Vaccaro’s rebuilt house. The project is being carried out by the Littore Society. It received $1 million from the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. The group has been building steel wire containers, filling them with rocks and whelk (海螺) shells an positioning them along the shoreline of Barnegat Bay. Tiny baby oysters are attached to whelk shells and placed in the existing cages to further strengthen the shoreline. The shoreline in Vaccaro’s neighborhood has lost 46 meters of beach since 1995, the Littoral Society says. The oysters appear to be doing their job. One recent day, a strong east wind blew across the bay. But between the oysters and the shoreline, the water was much calmer, and waves gently wen onto the shoreline instead of hitting it with force. As an added benefit, the oysters help improve water quality in the bay. The Associated Press reports that a single oyster can filter (过滤) up to 190 liters of water a day. A few kilometers south, a group called ReClam the Bay is building an oyster reef to protect the shoreline of Mordecai Island. People do not live on the island, but it protects the shoreline of Beach Haven, a town on Long Beach Island. Volunteers fill bags with 16 kilograms of whelk shells, to which millions of baby oysters have been attached. Then volunteers move them out to the reef a few hundred yards into the ocean. They have placed 10, 000 bags of oysters and whelk shells there since 2015. 7. Where do the baby oysters grow? A. On the sea rocks. B. In steel wire cages. C. In shallow calm water. D. In the fishermen’s houses. 8. What does the author intend to tell us in paragraph 4? A. The sea life project works. B. The baby oysters grow well. C. The beach stops missing. D. The sea pollution is dropping. 9. What do we know about ReClam the Bay? A. It cooperates with the Littoral Society. B. It offers baby oysters to the Littoral Society. C. It has the same aim as the Littoral Society. D. It has made more progress than the Littoral Society. 10. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Oyster Farming Has Great Benefits B. Volunteer Ocean Protection Is in Action C. Worldwide Beaches Are Disappearing Fast D. Little Sea Creature Could Save Coastal Land 【答案】7. B 8. A 9. C 10. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们利用牡蛎保护沿海地区免受强大海浪的破坏。 【7题详解】 细节理解题。由第二段中的“The group has been building steel wire containers, filling them with rocks and whelk (海螺) shells an positioning them along the shoreline of Barnegat Bay. (该组织一直在建造钢丝集装箱，用石头和青螺壳填充集装箱，并将其放置在巴内加特湾的海岸线上)”和第三段中的“Tiny baby oysters are attached to whelk shells and placed in the existing cages to further strengthen the shoreline. (小牡蛎宝宝附着在青螺壳上，放在现有的笼子里，以进一步加强海岸线)”可知，牡蛎宝宝生长在钢丝笼中。故选B项。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。由第四段“The oysters appear to be doing their job. One recent day, a strong east wind blew across the bay. But between the oysters and the shoreline, the water was much calmer, and waves gently wen onto the shoreline instead of hitting it with force. (牡蛎似乎在做它们的工作。最近的一天，一股强劲的东风吹过海湾。但在牡蛎和海岸线之间，海水平静得多，海浪轻轻地拍打着海岸线，而不是猛烈地撞击海岸线)”可知，在阻止强大的海浪破坏海水边缘陆地，牡蛎发挥了作用。所以作者在第四段想告诉我们海洋生物项目起作用了。故选A项。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。由第一段中的“Powerful waves can damage lands along the edge of ocean waters. (强大的海浪会破坏海水边缘的陆地)”，第二段中的“Oysters may play an important part in dealing with the problem. Oysters are central to a project that is taking place near Vaccaro’s rebuilt house. The project is being carried out by the Littore Society. (牡蛎可能在解决这个问题中发挥重要作用。牡蛎是瓦卡罗重建房屋附近的一个项目的中心。该项目由Littore Society执行)”和倒数第二段中的“A few kilometers south, a group called ReClam the Bay is building an oyster reef to protect the shoreline of Mordecai Island. (向南几公里，一个名为ReClam the Bay的组织正在建造牡蛎礁，以保护Mordecai岛的海岸线)”可知，ReClam the Bay和Littore Society的目标是一样的——用牡蛎保护海岸线。故选C项。 【10题详解】 主旨大意题。由第一段“Government agencies and volunteer groups in many places are using sea creatures to protect coastal areas from storms and rising sea levels. The idea is that large groups of oysters (牡蛎) known as colonies, can help reduce the power of waves. Powerful waves can damage lands along the edge of ocean waters. (许多地方的政府机构和志愿者团体正在利用海洋生物保护沿海地区免受风暴和海平面上升的影响。其想法是，被称为群体的大型牡蛎可以帮助减少海浪的威力。强大的海浪会破坏海水边缘的陆地)”，第二段中的“Oysters may play an important part in dealing with the problem. Oysters are central to a project that is taking place near Vaccaro’s rebuilt house. The project is being carried out by the Littore Society. (牡蛎可能在解决这个问题中发挥重要作用。牡蛎是瓦卡罗重建房屋附近的一个项目的中心。该项目由Littore Society执行)”和倒数第二段中的“A few kilometers south, a group called ReClam the Bay is building an oyster reef to protect the shoreline of Mordecai Island. (向南几公里，一个名为ReClam the Bay的组织正在建造牡蛎礁，以保护Mordecai岛的海岸线)”可知，文章讲述了人们利用牡蛎保护沿海地区免受强大海浪的破坏，D项“小海洋生物可以拯救沿海土地”符合文意。故选D项。 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。 If you think of the jobs robots could never do, you would probably put doctors and teachers at the top of the list. It’s easy to imagine robot cleaners and factory workers, but some jobs need human connection and creativity. But are we underestimating (低估) what robots can do? ____11____ Also, some patients might feel more comfortable sharing personal information with a machine than a person.____12____ British education expert Anthony Seldon thinks so. And he even has a date for the robot takeover of the classroom: 2027. ____13____ And teachers will be like assistants. Intelligent robots will read students’ facial expressions, body movements and maybe even brain signals. Then they will adapt the information to each student. It’s not a popular opinion and it’s unlikely robots will ever have empathy (同感) and the ability to really connect with humans like another human can. One thing is certain, though. ____14____ In some parts of the world, there aren’t enough teachers and 9-16 percent of children under the age of 14 don’t go to school. That problem could be partly solved by robots because they can teach anywhere. Teachers all over the world are leaving because it is a difficult job and they feel overworked. Perhaps the question is not “Will robots replace teachers?” but “How can robots help teachers?” Office workers can use software to do things. ____15____ If robots could cut the time teachers spend marking homework and writing reports, teachers would have more time and energy for the parts of the job humans do best. A. Teachers can be replaced by robots. B. A robot teacher is better than no teacher at all. C. Teachers waste a lot of time doing non-teaching work. D. He predicts robots will do the main job of transferring information. E. Could there be a place for robots in education after all? F. Robots can save time that teachers spend in teaching in classroom. G. In some cases, they already perform better than doctors at diagnosing (诊断) illness. 【答案】11. G 12. E 13. D 14. B 15. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讨论了机器人在医生和教师等职业中的潜力，并提出了机器人可能在教室中替代教师的观点。文章指出，虽然机器人可能无法像人类一样建立情感和连接，但它们可以在教育领域发挥重要的辅助作用。 【11题详解】 根据前文“But are we underestimating (低估) what robots can do?( 但我们是否低估了机器人的能力?)”可知，此处提出疑问即我们是否低估了机器人的能力。后文设空处应该对此问题进行回复。G选项“In some cases, they already perform better than doctors at diagnosing (诊断) illness.( 在某些情况下，它们在诊断疾病方面的表现已经超过了医生。)”承接前文，指出在某些情况下，机器人在诊断疾病方面已经超过了医生，回答前文提出的问题，符合语境。故选G。 【12题详解】 根据后文“British education expert Anthony Seldon thinks so. And he even has a date for the robot takeover of the classroom: 2027. (英国教育专家Anthony Seldon认为是这样。他甚至还为机器人接管教室定下了日期：2027年。)”可知，此处强调Anthony Seldon认为机器人能够在教育中起到作用，甚至还为机器人接管教师定下了日期。E选项“Could there be a place for robots in education after all?(机器人到底能在教育中占有一席之地吗?)”引起下文，提出是否机器人能够在教育中占有一席之地，后文对此问题进行回答，符合语境。故选E。 【13题详解】 根据前文“ And he even has a date for the robot takeover of the classroom: 2027.(他甚至还为机器人接管教室定下了日期：2027年。)”以及后文“And teachers will be like assistants.(老师就像助手一样。)”可知，此处强调在未来Anthony Seldon为机器人接管教室定下了日期：2027年。D选项“He predicts robots will do the main job of transferring information.(他预测机器人将承担传递信息的主要工作。)”指出在未来的机器人接管教室中，机器人将承担传递信息的主要工作，而老师则像助手一样。故选D。 【14题详解】 根据前文“One thing is certain, though. (不过，有一件事是肯定的。)”以及后文“ In some parts of the world, there aren’t enough teachers and 9-16 percent of children under the age of 14 don’t go to school.(在世界上的一些地方，没有足够的教师，9- 16%的14岁以下儿童没有上学。)”可知，此处有一件事是肯定的，这件事能够解决世界上某些地区没有足够教师的问题。B选项“A robot teacher is better than no teacher at all.(机器人老师总比没有老师好。)”中指出事实即机器人老师总比没有老师好，这样能够解决世界上有些地区没有足够老师的问题，符合语境。故选B。 【15题详解】 根据后文“ If robots could cut the time teachers spend marking homework and writing reports, teachers would have more time and energy for the parts of the job humans do best.( 如果机器人能减少教师批改作业和写报告的时间，教师就会有更多的时间和精力从事人类最擅长的工作。)”可知，此处强调机器人能够减少教师批改作业和写报告的时间，这样会给老师节留更多的时间和精力，由此此处可表达老师在非教学的工作中存在浪费时间的问题。C选项“Teachers waste a lot of time doing non-teaching work.(教师在非教学工作上浪费了很多时间。)”与下文形成呼应，指出老师在非教学工作中浪费很多时间。故选C。 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分37.5分) 第一节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I was heading home after giving my colleague a lift. I took a ___16___ as the snowstorm was approaching. Then the snow started and was coming down ___17___. Within minutes I was in a whiteout.The windows were ___18___ and getting covered with snow, so I slowed down and rolled down my driver's side window, thinking I could better ___19___ the road edge and keep to a straight line. But really, I had no ___20___ where I was. I stopped and kept the car running to stay___21___. I called 911.The operator told me to wait things out for the night. The call left me in ___22___. Breathe, I told myself. An idea occurred to me. I ___23___ my location online and explained what I was ___24___, wishing for anyone to come to my rescue. Soon enough, people started chiming in on my post. I got a ____25____ from someone who was going to put me in touch with people nearby. I had never been more ____26____. Then I saw a big ____27____ in the dark. He had walked about 500 metres to get me, ____28____ the wind and snow each step of the way. “You’ll be OK. Follow me.” He turned around and started to trudge through the snow, sure of the ____29____. I drove slowly behind him. When we reached his house,I burst into tears of ____30____. 16. A. shortcut B. turn C. look D. risk 17. A. soon B. fast C. lightly D. suddenly 18. A. locked B. closed C. frozen D. broken 19. A. follow B. cover C. mark D. remember 20. A. plan B. clue C. doubt D. problem 21. A. awake B. calm C. warm D. still 22. A. confusion B. trouble C. embarrassment D. panic 23. A. confirmed B. found C. posted D. checked 24. A. looking at B. going through C. searching for D. carrying out 25. A. tip B. comment C. like D. message 26. A. inspired B. relieved C. convinced D. amazed 27. A. policeman B. creature C. shadow D. figure 28. A. fighting B. avoiding C. checking D. reporting 29. A. goal B. danger C. depth D. direction 30. A. hope B. love C. gratitude D. pride 【答案】16. A 17. B 18. C 19. A 20. B 21. C 22. D 23. C 24. B 25. D 26. B 27. D 28. A 29. D 30. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。描述了作者在一场突如其来的暴风雪中迷路并被困在车中，随后通过社交媒体发出求救信号，最终得到一位陌生人在恶劣天气中的救援，并被引领至安全之地的经历。 【16题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：暴风雪就要来了，我抄了一条近路。A. shortcut近路；B. turn依次轮到的机会；C. look看；D. risk风险。根据下文“as the snowstorm was approaching(由于暴风雪即将来临)”及“But really, I had no__5__where I was.(但是，我真的不知道我在哪里)”可知，由于暴风雪即将来临，作者抄了一条近路，结果遇到了麻烦。故选A项。 【17题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后雪开始下了，而且下得很快。A. soon不久；B. fast快；C. lightly轻松地；D. suddenly意外地。根据下文“Within minutes I was in a whiteout(几分钟内，我就陷入了一片白茫茫的大雪中)”可知，雪下得很快，故选B项。 【18题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：车窗被冻住了，被雪覆盖了，所以我放慢了速度，摇下了驾驶员侧的车窗，想着我可以更好地沿着路边，保持直线行驶。A. locked锁；B. closed关闭；C. frozen冻；D. broken破坏。根据下文“getting covered with snow(被雪覆盖了)”可知，此处说的是暴风雪中车窗的状态，分析待选项，C项“frozen冻”表示的含义符合语境，故选C项。 【19题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. follow沿着；B. cover覆盖；C. mark标志着；D. remember记得。根据下文“the road edge and keep to a straight line(……路边，保持直线行驶)”可知，此处说的是沿着路边，故选A项。 【20题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，我真的不知道我在哪里。A. plan计划；B. clue线索；C. doubt怀疑；D. problem问题。根据下文“I stopped and kept the car running(我停下来，让车一直运转着)”以及“I called 911(我呼叫了911)”可知，作者因暴风雪迷路，不知道自己在哪里，故选B项。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我停下来，保持汽车运转以保暖。A. awake醒着的；B. calm镇静的；C. warm温暖的；D. still静止的。根据上文“I stopped and kept the car running(我停下来，保持汽车运转)”可知，作者停下来但保持汽车运转。由此可知，作者试图通过保持汽车运转的方式保暖，故选C项。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个电话让我惊慌失措。A. confusion困惑；B. trouble麻烦；C. embarrassment尴尬；D. panic恐慌。根据上文“I called 911.The operator told me to wait things out for the night(我拨打了911。接线员告诉我等待一夜，看看情况再说)”可知，作者向911求救，却被告知要等一晚上，感到惊慌失措，故选D项。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在网上发布了自己的位置，并解释了我所经历的一切，希望有人能来救我。A. confirmed证实；B. found发现；C. posted发帖子；D. checked检查。根据下文“Soon enough, people started chiming in on my post(很快，人们开始在我的帖子上留言)”可知，作者在网上发了帖子，故选C项。 【24题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：同上。A. looking at看；B. going through经历；C. searching for查找；D. carrying out执行。根据下文“wishing for anyone to come to my rescue(希望有人能来救我)”可知，作者讲述的是自己经历的事情，故选B项。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我收到了一条信息，有人打算帮我联系附近的人。A. tip小费；B. comment评论；C. like爱好；D. message消息。根据下文“who was going to put me in touch with people nearby(有人打算帮我联系附近的人)”可知，作者收到了一条消息，故选D项。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我从未如此如释重负。A. inspired有创造力的；B. relieved宽慰的；C. convinced坚信的；D. amazed大为惊奇的。根据上文“who was going to put me in touch with people nearby(有人打算帮我联系附近的人)”可知，在困境中有陌生人试图帮助作者，使作者感到如释重负，故选B项。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后我在黑暗中看到一个大身影。A. policeman警察；B. creature生物；C. shadow阴影；D. figure人影。根据下文“He had walked about 500 metres to get me(他走了大约500米来接我)”可知，此处上下文说的是人影，故选D项。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他每走一步都在与风雪抗争，大约走了500米来找我。A. fighting与……作斗争；B. avoiding避免；C. checking检查；D. reporting报告。根据上文“Then the snow started and was coming down fast. Within minutes I was in a whiteout(然后雪开始下了，而且下得很快。几分钟内，我就陷入了一片白茫茫的大雪中)”可知，前来帮助作者的人顶着大风大雪前来，分析选项，A项“fighting与……作斗争”表达的含义符合语境，故选A项。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他转过身，开始在雪地里艰难地行走，确信自己的方向。A. goal目标；B. danger危险；C. depth深度；D. direction方向。根据下文“I drove slowly behind him(我在他身后慢慢地开)”可知，前来帮忙的人知道方向，所以作者跟着他开车，故选D项。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们到达他的家时，我感激地泪流满面。A. hope希望；B. love爱；C. gratitude感激；D. pride自豪。根据上文“But really, I had no clue where I was(但是，我真的不知道我在哪里)”以及“When we reached his house(当我们到达他的家时)”可知，作者在暴风雪中迷路，被陌生人帮助。由此可知，作者心怀感激，故选C项。 第二节 单句语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 根据句子结构的语法性，在下面空格处填入一个适当的词语或使用括号中词语的适当形式填空。 31. The purpose of this activity is _________ (show) our rich campus culture and the students’ various talents. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to show 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这次活动的目的是展示我们丰富的校园文化和学生的各种才能。主语是以aim，intention，ambition，duty，hope，plan，purpose，suggestion等为中心词的名词词组，常用动词不定式作表语，说明主语的内容，故填to show。 32. As a child, she loved watching ______(comedy) best and hoped to become a comedy actor one day.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】comedies 【解析】 【详解】考查名词的复数。句意：小时候，她最喜欢看喜剧，并且希望有朝一日能成为一名喜剧演员。comedy是可数名词，意为“喜剧”，此处需要用复数形式表示泛指。故填comedies。 33. Wang Sulong now is a very ______ (influence) figure in the music industry. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】influential 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：汪苏泷现在是音乐界一位非常有影响力的人物。这里需要一个形容词来修饰名词figure，influence的形容词形式是influential，意思是“有影响力的；有势力的”。故填influential。 34. To live a low-carbon life, people can rely ______ public transportation to get them to and from work. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】on 【解析】 【详解】考查介词。句意：为了过上低碳生活，人们可以依靠公共交通上下班。rely on是固定短语，意为“依靠，依赖”，在该句中表达人们依靠公共交通来实现上下班这一出行需求，故空处应填介词on。故填on。 35. The problem comes when cool weather delays the spring harvest of wheat, ______ in turn delays the planting of soybeans. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：当凉爽的天气推迟了小麦的春季收获时，问题就出现了，这反过来又推迟了大豆的种植。分析句子可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子“The problem comes when cool weather delays the spring harvest of wheat”，在从句中作主语，关系词应用which。故填which。 36. Much ______ (invest) in hospitals and schools is needed now to match the future needs of our country. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】investment 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：现在需要在医院和学校方面进行大量投资，以满足我国未来的需求。提示词作主语，用名词investment，意为“投资”，“Much”修饰不可数名词。故填investment。 37. ______ exhibition will be held in my city next month, but we still don’t know what it is about. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】An 【解析】 【详解】考查冠词。句意：下个月在我的城市将举办一场展览，但我们仍然不知道它是关于什么的。此处泛指“一场展览”,且exhibition是以元音音素开头的单词，其前应用不定冠词an来表示“一个，一场”，置于句首，首字母需大写。故填 An。 38. In fact, ______we should do is take measures to learn English well. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】what 【解析】 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：事实上，我们应该做是采取措施学好英语。此处需要使用连词引导主语从句，连词在从句中充当“do”的宾语，指事或物，因此需使用连接词what。故填what。 39. His home ______(destroy)10 years ago in a big storm that affected the U. S. west coast. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was destroyed 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：10年前，他的家在一场影响美国西海岸的大风暴中被摧毁。根据时间状语 10 years ago可知，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，要用一般过去时；主语 His home与 destroy之间是被动关系，所以要用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was destroyed。 40. Scotland is a destination for a relaxing holiday, ______ (describe) as “the home of golf”. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】described 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：苏格兰是一个休闲度假的目的地，被称为“高尔夫之乡”。空格处应该用非谓语动词作状语。动词describe与句子的主语Scotland之间是被动关系，所以应该用过去分词described。故填described。 第四部分 写作(共三节，满分55分) 第一节句子考查 (51-54小题，每空0.5分，55-57每小题3分;满分15分) 根据下面各个句子的要求，完成、改写或翻译句子。 41. I think people, women ______ ______ (尤其), tend to avoid talking about such sensitive issues. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】 ①. in ②. particular 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：我认为人们，尤其是女性，往往会避免谈论这类敏感话题。根据汉语提示“尤其”可知，此处应使用固定短语in particular。该短语在句子中作插入语，对women进行强调。故填①in；②particular。 42. He ______ ______ ______ ______ (下定决心) to sail around the world. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】 ①. made ②. up ③. his ④. mind 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语和时态。句意：他下定决心环游世界。根据汉语意思提示可知，表示“下定决心”为动词短语make up one’s mind to do，结合句意可知，该句应为陈述过去发生的事情，为一般过去时。故填①made②up③his④mind。 43. Therefore, every member in the family, including the servants, liked her.(同义句转换) Therefore, every member in the family, including the servants, ______ ______ ______her. 【答案】 ①. was ②. fond ③. of 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和短语。like可以转化为be fond of。句子陈述过去的事情，且主语every member是第三人称单数，be用was。故填 was fond of。 44. As a representative of the staff, I wish to extend our warmest welcome to you.(同义句转换) ______ ______ ______ the staff, I wish to extend our warmest welcome to you. 【答案】 ①. On ②. behalf ③. of 【解析】 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：作为全体员工的代表，我谨向您表示最热烈的欢迎。根据句意可知，此处考查“As a representative of…“作为……的代表”的同义词组，即on behalf of…“代表……”，句首字母大写，故空1填On；空2填behalf；空3填of。 45. John asked, “Did you see my son yesterday?” (改为间接引语) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】John asked if/whether I had seen his son the day before. 【解析】 【详解】考查间接引语。句意：约翰问：“你昨天看到我儿子了吗？”直接引语变间接引语时，一般疑问句要变为由if或whether引导的宾语从句，语序用陈述句语序；主句是一般过去时，直接引语中的一般过去时要变为过去完成时；人称要根据语境进行变化，you变为I，my变为his，yesterday变为the day before。故答案为John asked if/whether I had seen his son the day before. 46. Reducing the income gap in order to build a harmonious society is a requirement.(用it作形式主语改写) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is a requirement to reduce the income gap in order to build a harmonious society. 【解析】 【详解】考查it作形式主语。句意：为了构建和谐社会而缩小收入差距是一项要求。原句主语是动名词短语，按照题目要求将其改写成用it作形式主语的句子，it位于句首，首字母大写，真正的主语需用动词不定式短语to reduce the income gap in order to build a harmonious society移到句子后面，同时保持句子的系动词和表语is a requirement不变。故改写为：It is a requirement to reduce the income gap in order to build a harmonious society. 47. 他当时如此专注他的工作，以至于没有意识到该吃晚饭了。(用so...that ...翻译) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】He was so absorbed in his work that he didn’t realize it was time for dinner. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和从句。“专注于做某事”为be absorbed in，陈述过去的动作，用一般过去时。“如此……以至于”为so...that引导的结果状语从句。“意识到”为realize，后接省略that的宾语从句。“该吃晚饭了”为 it was time for dinner。故翻译为：He was so absorbed in his work that he didn’t realize it was time for dinner. 第二节 应用文写作(满分15分) 48. 请你以中学生李华的名义为一家英语网站写一篇文章，呼吁更多中学生加入保护大熊猫的行列中来。内容包括： 1.大熊猫(the giant panda)是中国的国宝，也是世界稀有动物之一； 2.大熊猫主要以竹子为食，曾经由于竹林遭到破坏，大熊猫觅食越来越困难； 3.发出呼吁。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 The Giant Panda The giant panda, which is loved by people worldwide, is regarded as a national treasure of China. The home of the giant panda is in the distant mountains, where it feeds on the tender bamboo. With quantities of bamboo cut down, it was becoming more and more difficult for giant pandas to find enough food. To protect the species from starvation, China has set up some nature reserves. It is our eager hope that everyone can do their part to help protect giant pandas so that they can live with us forever. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生为一家英语网站写一篇文章，呼吁更多中学生加入保护大熊猫的行列中来。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 认为：be regarded as→be viewed as 大量的：quantities of→plenty of 建立：set up→establish 尽自己的本分：do one’s part→play one’s role 2. 句式拓展 同义句替换 原句：The home of the giant panda is in the distant mountains, where it feeds on the tender bamboo. 拓展句：The giant panda, whose home is located in the distant mountains, feeds on the tender bamboo that grows abundantly there. 【点睛】[高分句型1]The giant panda, which is loved by people worldwide, is regarded as a national treasure of China.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) [高分句型2]It is our eager hope that everyone can do their part to help protect giant pandas so that they can live with us forever.(运用了that引导主语从句，so that引导的结果状语从句) 第三节 读后续写(满分25分) 49. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Rick, a ten-year-old boy, was constantly angry at everything around him. He always fought in school with the other kids. Once he had an outburst in school. Upset by something a classmate said to him, he pushed the boy, and a fight happened. When the teacher stepped in to break it up, Rick went crazy, throwing papers and books around the classroom and rushing out. His teachers couldn’t say anything that would comfort the kid. And the parents of his schoolmates were getting concerned. Rick was earning quite the reputation. After talking with school officials, Rick’s mom tried everything she could to calm Rick down. She tried different methods until one day she came home with a canvas (画布) and paint. “What’s this?”, Rick asked. Rick’s mom handed over the painting equipment and said, “Whenever you feel angry, paint whatever you’re angry about instead of bursting out.” Rick wasn’t that happy about it but he gave it a try anyway. Over the next few weeks, the young boy created several artworks. They mostly showed disturbing images though. So his mom took all of the paintings and called Rick over so that they could talk about them. “Tell me, Rick. What are these paintings about?” “Well, the first painting is about how some of the kids show off their new clothes and pencil cases. The next painting is about my teacher who keeps telling me about how I’m doing things wrong. And the last painting is about how one of my schoolmate’s father suggested that I change my attitude. All of them make me so angry.” Rick’s mom, in a calm voice, took Rick by her side and told him: “Don’t you see it, Rick?” “See what?” Rick asked. “You’re so angry at all of these things but not once did you try to understand why you’re getting so angry. What have all these people done to you, really?” 注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右; 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Rick was lost in thought. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Rick knew it was time to change. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version Rick was lost in thought. It slowly dawned on him that people he was angry at had done nothing wrong. His classmates who showed their new clothes and pencil cases to others might just want to share their happiness with friends. His teacher did blame him because he was being a problem. And his schoolmate’s father was just trying to help him correct his mistakes. They had no intention to hurt him but he just let his unreasonable anger consume him and hurt them. How ridiculous he had been! Rick knew it was time to change. From then on, Rick tried his best to control his temper. Every time he felt he was to explode, he would walk away and ask himself why he was angry and whether it was reasonable to be angry. Then he would find his peace and laughed his anger away. Gradually, everyone saw a different Rick. He no longer shouted at others or threw things away. He chatted with classmates after class and complimented their new clothes and pencil cases. He even helped teachers carry books before class sometimes. Rick’s change surprised everyone and they all felt happy for him. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了一个十岁的男孩Rick总是因为周围的各种事情发脾气，经常和同学打架。他的妈妈在尝试过各种方法无效后，终于有一天，他对妈妈带来的一块画布和颜料有了一点兴趣，于是在妈妈的建议下，他开始尝试创作绘画以转移自己的坏脾气，并且描述了自己所画的各种让他生气的人物和场景。逐渐地，在妈妈平和的引导下，他开始反思自己的行为，最终作出了改变。 【详解】1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“Rick陷入了沉思。”可知，第一段可描写Rick开始重新思考并逐渐理解了以前令他生气的那些同学、家长和老师的行为。 ②由第二段首句内容“Rick知道是时候作出改变了。”可知，第二段可描写Rick是如何改变，描述具体的行为，最终让自己和周围的人都感到了快乐。 2. 续写线索：沉思--豁然开朗--具体描述他的理解--决定改变--如何改变（具体行为）--获得快乐 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①伤害：hurt/harm ②让某人做某事：let sb do sth/make sb do sth ③尽最大努力做某事、不遗余力做某事：try one’s best to do sth/spare no effort to do sth ④爆发：explode/burst ⑤称赞：compliment/praise 情绪类 ①生气的：angry/annoyed ②高兴的：happy/joyful 【点睛】【高分句型1】It slowly dawned on him that people he was angry at had done nothing wrong.（运用了以it为形式主语，连词that引导的主语从句以及省略了关系代词who/whom/that的定语从句。） 【高分句型2】Every time he felt he was to explode, he would walk away and ask himself why he was angry and whether it was reasonable to be angry. （运用了以every time为连词引导的时间状语从句和以连接词why和whether引导的两个并列的宾语从句。） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$