Unit 2 Period 3 Reviewing Useful Structures（课件）-【步步高】2023-2024学年高二英语选择性必修第四册（人教版2019）

Period 3 Reviewing Useful Structures—Review of past participles Unit 2 Iconic attractions 语境感悟 语法精讲 达标检测 语境 感悟 3 阅读以下短文，感知标注序号的句子，并把句子序号写在下面的方框中 Great discoveries can come from unlikely sources.①Penicillin widely considered to be one of the most important medical discoveries in history was not what Alexander Fleming was looking for when he found it in September 1928. Fleming，a scientist from Scotland，returned to his laboratory after a holiday and found some mould on one of his plates of bacteria.He observed that the bacteria surrounding the mould were dead.②Surprised by this，Fleming performed some tests.③The results indicated that something produced by the mould had killed the bacteria.④He was amazed to find that it could be very useful for treating wounds. For more than 10 years，Fleming had been researching penicillin and trying to make it into an effective medicine.⑤Finally，he had his work recognized by some other scientists who were able to do it.Since its mass production began in the 1940s，penicillin has saved millions of lives. One might think Fleming discovered penicillin by accident，but actually this is far from the truth.⑥He was intelligent and experienced enough to notice its potential and his hard work and determination helped get its mass production started.As Louis Pasteur said，“⑦Fortune favors the prepared mind.” 自主发现 过去分词作表语 句____ 过去分词作定语 句_________ 过去分词作宾语补足语 句_______ 过去分词作状语 句____ 返 回 ④ ①③⑦ ⑤⑥ ② 语法 精讲 8 一、概念 过去分词是非谓语动词形式之一。过去分词保留着动词的部分特性，有完成或被动含义，可带状语构成过去分词短语。在句子中可充当表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语等成分。 二、过去分词作表语 We were stunned at the news. 听到这个消息，我们都目瞪口呆。 My niece got addicted to computer games. 我侄女沉迷于电脑游戏。 She looked very disappointed. 她看上去很失望。 He remained unmarried after so many years. 这么多年后他仍然未婚。 [总结]　用在系动词(如be，get，become，look，feel，seem，remain等)后面，多表示主语的状态或状况，它体现的是形容词的特性。 [注意]　过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别 形式 例句 意义 过去分词作表语 The cup is broken.杯子破了。 强调主语所处的状态 动词的被动语态 The cup was broken by Tom. 杯子是被汤姆打破的。 表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作 三、过去分词作定语 1.意义 意义 例句 及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成 a polluted river一条被污染的河流 The science fiction story published last year is popular.这本去年出版的科幻小说深受欢迎。 不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，只表示完成 the risen sun升起的太阳 There are many fallen leaves on the ground. 地上有很多落叶。 2.位置 The doctor found that the affected people had drunk polluted water. 医生发现被感染的人喝了被污染的水。 A watched pot never boils.(谚语)心急锅不开。 The student criticized by the teacher yesterday often fights with others. ＝The student who was criticized by the teacher yesterday often fights with others. 昨天被老师批评的那个学生经常和别人打架。 This will be the best novel of its kind ever written. ＝This will be the best novel of its kind that has ever been written. 这本小说将是这类小说中写得最好的。 [总结]　单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的后面，其作用相当于一个定语从句。 四、过去分词作宾语补足语 1.意义：过去分词作宾补，说明宾语的状态或性质，与宾语一起构成复合宾语，它前面的宾语就是其逻辑主语。过去分词作宾补时，其所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。作宾补的多是及物动词。 2.三类接过去分词作宾补的动词 类别 例句 表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see，watch，observe，find，hear，feel，notice等。 I heard the result of the contest announced in the end. 最后我听到比赛结果被公布了。 He found his purse lost. 他发现他的钱包丢了。 表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have，make，get，keep，leave等。 I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要去理发。 He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。 Don’t leave those things undone. 务必把那些事情做完。 表示“希望”“要求”意义的动词。如：like，order，want，wish，expect等，其结构为“及物动词＋宾语＋(to be)＋过去分词”。 I would like this matter(to be) settled at once. 我希望此事立刻得到解决。 I wish my homework (to be) finished before five o’clock. 我希望在5点前完成我的作业。 [注意]　“have＋宾语＋过去分词”的三种含义 例句 含义 We had the machine repaired. 我们请人修了机器。 表示“让某人做某事” I had my house repaired last week. 上周，我修补了房子。 完成或解决某事(主语可能参与其中) He had his wallet stolen. 他的钱包被偷了。 表示“遭遇某种不幸；受到打击” 五、过去分词作状语 意义：过去分词作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，且主语是过去分词动作的承受者。过去分词作状语时，可单独使用，也可以在其前面加上适当的连词(when，while，if，once，unless，although等)，可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随、方式等。 (时间状语)When seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful. ＝When it is seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful. 从山顶往下看时，这座公园看起来更加漂亮。 (原因状语)Punished by his mother，the boy burst into tears. ＝Because he was punished by his mother，the boy burst into tears. 因为被妈妈惩罚，男孩大哭起来。 (条件状语)Given a few more minutes，I will get through with the paper. ＝If given a few more minutes，I will get through with the paper. ＝If I am given a few more minutes，I will get through with the paper. 如果再多给我几分钟，我就能做完试卷了。 (条件状语)The girl would keep silent for hours unless asked. ＝The girl would keep silent for hours unless she was asked. 这个女孩会一连几个小时不说话，除非被问到。 (让步状语)Exhausted，the premier kept dealing with political problems until midnight. ＝Although/Though exhausted，the premier kept dealing with political problems until midnight. ＝Although/Though he was exhausted，the premier kept dealing with political problems until midnight. 尽管疲惫不堪，总理还是继续处理政治问题直到深夜。 (伴随状语)The scientist Tu Youyou came in，followed by her assistant. ＝The scientist Tu Youyou came in and she was followed by her assistant. 科学家屠呦呦进来了，后面跟着她的助手。 [注意]　有些过去分词已形容词化，作状语时不表示被动，而表示人的状态。常见的有lost，seated，hidden，lost/absorbed，born，dressed，interested，worried/concerned，satisfied/pleased，tired等。 Absorbed in reading the science fiction story，he didn’t hear the sound of the horn. 因为沉迷于读那本科幻小说，所以他没听到喇叭声。 Greatly interested，I asked how he played the didgeridoo. 因为非常感兴趣，我问他是如何演奏迪吉里杜管的。 Located on the east coast of China，Qingdao is an important port city of China. 位于中国东部海岸，青岛是中国一个重要的港口城市。 Disappointed at the result，the girl stood there without saying a word. 因为对结果很失望，小女孩站在那里一句话也没说。 返 回 达标检测 完成下列语段，尽可能多地使用过去分词 Vingo坐在那里，非常吃惊，眼睛凝视着橡树(oak tree)。被许多黄手帕覆盖，橡树像一面欢迎的旗帜，随风飘扬。Vingo满心欢喜，他的心狂跳不已。激动的Vingo从座位上站起来，向公共汽车的前面走去。他迫不及待地想见到他心爱的妻子和孩子们，他们一直期待着他的归来。 Vingo sat there 1.________，with his eyes 2._____________________. 3.____________________________________，the tree stood like a banner of welcome，blowing in the wind.Vingo was 4.___________________ and his heart was beating wildly.5.________________ Vingo rose from his seat and made his way to the front of the bus.He couldn’t wait to meet his 6._______________________ looking forward to his return. 返 回 amazed fixed on the oak tree Covered with many yellow handkerchiefs filled with happiness Excited/Thrilled beloved wife and children $$