Unit 1 Period 3 Reviewing Useful Structures （课件）-【步步高】2023-2024学年高二英语选择性必修第四册（人教版2019）

Period 3 Reviewing Useful Structures—Review of the passive voice Unit 1 Science fiction 语境感悟 语法精讲 达标检测 语境 感悟 3 阅读以下短文，感知加颜色部分，并完成下面的练习 ①The boy almost cried his heart out when learning that his purse had been lost.②His father comforted him that his wallet would be found in time.He wiped away tears on his face，saying，“③I will be helped by you and my mother.” So he himself and his parents searched his bedroom thoroughly.④The bookshelf was moved and even the bottom of the bed was swept.The boy said frustratedly，“⑤Almost everywhere has been searched，⑥but my purse isn’t found.” ⑦Finally，what made the boy delighted was that his wallet was hidden in his schoolbag. 以上句子中都使用了被动语态，句①为___________的被动语态；句②为___________的被动语态；句③为___________的被动语态；句④⑦为_____________的被动语态；句⑤为____________的被动语态；句⑥为_____________的被动语态。 自主发现 返 回 过去完成时 过去将来时 一般将来时 一般过去时 现在完成时 一般现在时 语法 精讲 6 一、被动语态的概念 英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示句子主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示句子主语是动作的承受者。被动语态的句子谓语动词的形式是“be＋动词的过去分词”。一般来讲，只有及物动词才有被动语态。有时被动语态中动作的执行者用by短语表示出来。 二、被动语态的用法 1.不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时。 The meeting has been put off for some reason. 会议已因故被推迟了。 2.强调动作的承受者时，需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语表示出来。 A special class to help poor readers was set up by an expert in the school. 学校的一位专家开办了一个帮助阅读困难者的特色班。 三、各种时态的被动语态 1.These electric devices are examined and fixed on a monthly basis. 这些电器每月都被检修。 2.The science fiction novel was published in 2016. 这部科幻小说于2016年出版。 3.The new type of robot will be tested out by some restaurants near the company. 这种新型机器人将会被公司附近的一些餐馆测试。 4.Many animals are being killed and their habitats are being damaged. 许多动物正在被杀害，而且它们的栖息地正在遭到破坏。 5.When I arrived at the garage，my car was still being repaired. 当我到达修理厂的时候，我的汽车仍在修理中。 6.The manager said Tom would be dismissed. 经理说汤姆会被解雇。 7.The book has been translated into thirty languages since it came on the market in 1973. 这本书自1973年上市以来已被译成30种语言。 8.The chairwoman said she had been invited to the party. 女主席说她已经受邀参加晚会了。 9.The project will have been finished by the end of next month. 到下个月末，这项工程将被完成。 [总结] 时态 被动语态的构成 一般现在时 be(am/is/are) done 一般过去时 be(was/were) done 一般将来时 shall/will be done 现在进行时 be(am/is/are) being done 过去进行时 be(was/were) being done 过去将来时 should/would be done 现在完成时 have/has been done 过去完成时 had been done 将来完成时 will have been done 四、各种时态的被动语态的特殊情况 1.否定词not的位置：在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。 The boy breathed a sigh of relief when hearing that he wouldn’t be dismissed. 当听说他不会被开除时，这个男孩松了口气。 2.主动句的谓语动词带有复合宾语时，变被动句时应将宾语变成被动句的主语，而将宾语补足语保留不动(这时的宾语补足语变为主语补足语)。 (1)We saw him sitting there without doing anything. →He was seen sitting there without doing anything by us. 我们看见他坐在那儿，什么也没做。 (2)His words made me throw up. →I was made to throw up by his words. 他的话令我作呕。 [名师点津]　在主动语态中，make，hear，see等词后接不定式作宾补时要省略to，但转换为被动语态时，则不能省略to。 3.带双宾语的动词作谓语的主动句转换为被动句时，可将表示物的(直接)宾语变为主语，用for或to引出表示人的(间接)宾语，或将表示人的(间接)宾语变为主语。 My father is telling me an interesting story now. →An interesting story is being told to me by my father now. →I’m being told an interesting story by my father now. 爸爸正在给我讲一个有趣的故事。 4.动词短语是一个整体，在主动语态或被动语态中都不可去掉后面的介词或副词。 Kids in the kindergarten are being taken good care of.幼儿园的孩子们被照顾得很好。 5.主动形式表示被动意义 (1)连系动词(如look，sound，smell，feel，taste，remain，seem，appear，prove等)后接表语时，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。 The idea sounds great. 这个主意听起来棒极了。 The popcorn they made looked wonderful and tasted delicious. 他们做的爆米花看起来棒极了，吃起来也很美味。 (2)当wash，write，sell，open，close，shut，lock，cook等不及物动词后加副词(easily，well等)时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。 This kind of cloth washes easily and lasts long. 这种布料很容易洗，并且耐穿。 The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly. 父亲给我作为生日礼物的钢笔写起来很流畅。 (3)need，want，require，deserve等＋doing用主动形式表示被动意义。 His hair needs cutting. →His hair needs to be cut. 他的头发需要剪了。 (4)be worth doing→be worthy to be done主动形式表示被动意义。 The novel is worth reading again. →The novel is worthy to be read again. 这部小说值得再读一次。 五、动词不定式的被动语态 1.I am very happy to be thus praised. 受到如此褒奖我非常高兴。 The magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the library. 这些杂志不允许被带出图书馆。 The room seems to have been broken into. 似乎有人闯进过这个房间。 I am proud to have been admitted to Peking University. 我很自豪已被北京大学录取。 [总结]　动词不定式的被动语态由“to＋be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成，当动词不定式所表示的动作与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系时，要用动词不定式的被动式。动词不定式的被动式只有一般式(to be done)和完成式(to have been done)。 2.动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义的情况 情况 例句 sb have sth to do/There be sth to do 句型中 Before the end of the meeting，I have something important to declare. 会议结束之前，我有很重要的事情要宣布。 There is so much homework to do every day，which almost drives me mad. 每天有那么多家庭作业要做，这几乎让我发疯。 动词不定式跟在性质形容词(difficult，hard，easy，comfortable，good等)后，与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系时(构成sb/sth be＋adj.＋to do) Our headmaster looks hard to get close to，but in fact he is easy to get along with. 我们校长看起来很难接近，但实际上他很容易相处。 动词不定式与疑问词连用时 With so many books at hand，Tom had no idea which to read first. 手头有那么多的书，汤姆不知道先读哪一本。 六、被动语态和过去分词作表语 1.意义差别 The window is broken.窗子破了。 The window is broken by him.窗子被他打破了。 [总结]　被动语态强调动作；过去分词作表语描写人或事物的特征及状态。 2.用法差别 He was very interested in science.(系表结构) 他对科学非常有兴趣。 I was so much surprised by the scene that I didn’t know what to do.(被动语态) 我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊，不知所措。 [总结]　过去分词作表语时接近形容词的特征，可以被 so，very，too等程度副词修饰，而被动语态则不能用so，very，too修饰，而需用much，very much，so much，too much修饰。 返 回 达标检测 完成下列语段，尽可能多地使用被动语态 The Wandering Earth is a science fiction novel which 1.____________ _________(刘慈欣所写).It 2.________________(被认为是) one of the best science fiction stories.After the novel 3.______________(被出版)，it drew wide attention.The story of the novel 4._________________(基于科学)，imagination and personal experience.The novel 5.____________________ ___________________(已被翻译成许多种语言).Now it 6.______________ _________________________(正被全世界的人们阅读) and it 7._________ _____________________________(将被未来的几代人珍惜). 返 回 is written by Liu Cixin is considered as was published is based on science has been translated into many languages is being read by people all over the world will be treasured by future generations $$