Unit 2 Period 3 Reviewing Useful Structures-【步步高】2023-2024学年高二英语选择性必修第四册（人教版2019）

Period 3　Reviewing Useful Structures—Review of past participles 阅读以下短文，感知标注序号的句子，并把句子序号写在下面的方框中 Great discoveries can come from unlikely sources.①Penicillin widely considered to be one of the most important medical discoveries in history was not what Alexander Fleming was looking for when he found it in September 1928. Fleming，a scientist from Scotland，returned to his laboratory after a holiday and found some mould on one of his plates of bacteria.He observed that the bacteria surrounding the mould were dead.②Surprised by this，Fleming performed some tests.③The results indicated that something produced by the mould had killed the bacteria.④He was amazed to find that it could be very useful for treating wounds. For more than 10 years，Fleming had been researching penicillin and trying to make it into an effective medicine.⑤Finally，he had his work recognized by some other scientists who were able to do it.Since its mass production began in the 1940s，penicillin has saved millions of lives. One might think Fleming discovered penicillin by accident，but actually this is far from the truth.⑥He was intelligent and experienced enough to notice its potential and his hard work and determination helped get its mass production started.As Louis Pasteur said，“⑦Fortune favors the prepared mind.” 自主发现 过去分词作表语 句 ④ 过去分词作定语 句 ①③⑦ 过去分词作宾语补足语 句 ⑤⑥ 过去分词作状语 句 ② 一、概念 过去分词是非谓语动词形式之一。过去分词保留着动词的部分特性，有完成或被动含义，可带状语构成过去分词短语。在句子中可充当表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语等成分。 二、过去分词作表语 We were stunned at the news. 听到这个消息，我们都目瞪口呆。 My niece got addicted to computer games. 我侄女沉迷于电脑游戏。 She looked very disappointed. 她看上去很失望。 He remained unmarried after so many years. 这么多年后他仍然未婚。 [总结]　用在系动词(如be，get，become，look，feel，seem，remain等)后面，多表示主语的状态或状况，它体现的是形容词的特性。 [注意]　过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别 形式 例句 意义 过去分词作表语 The cup is broken.杯子破了。 强调主语所处的状态 动词的被动语态 The cup was broken by Tom.杯子是被汤姆打破的。 表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作 三、过去分词作定语 1．意义 意义 例句 及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成 a polluted river一条被污染的河流 The science fiction story published last year is popular.这本去年出版的科幻小说深受欢迎。 不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，只表示完成 the risen sun升起的太阳 There are many fallen leaves on the ground.地上有很多落叶。 2.位置 The doctor found that the affected people had drunk polluted water. 医生发现被感染的人喝了被污染的水。 A watched pot never boils.(谚语)心急锅不开。 The student criticized by the teacher yesterday often fights with others. ＝The student who was criticized by the teacher yesterday often fights with others. 昨天被老师批评的那个学生经常和别人打架。 This will be the best novel of its kind ever written. ＝This will be the best novel of its kind that has ever been written. 这本小说将是这类小说中写得最好的。 [总结]　单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的后面，其作用相当于一个定语从句。 四、过去分词作宾语补足语 1．意义：过去分词作宾补，说明宾语的状态或性质，与宾语一起构成复合宾语，它前面的宾语就是其逻辑主语。过去分词作宾补时，其所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。作宾补的多是及物动词。 2．三类接过去分词作宾补的动词 类别 例句 表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see，watch，observe，find，hear，feel，notice等。 I heard the result of the contest announced in the end. 最后我听到比赛结果被公布了。 He found his purse lost. 他发现他的钱包丢了。 表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have，make，get，keep，leave等。 I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要去理发。 He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。 Don’t leave those things undone. 务必把那些事情做完。 表示“希望”“要求”意义的动词。如：like，order，want，wish，expect等，其结构为“及物动词＋宾语＋(to be)＋过去分词”。 I would like this matter(to be) settled at once. 我希望此事立刻得到解决。 I wish my homework (to be) finished before five o’clock. 我希望在5点前完成我的作业。 [注意]　“have＋宾语＋过去分词”的三种含义 例句 含义 We had the machine repaired. 我们请人修了机器。 表示“让某人做某事” I had my house repaired last week. 上周，我修补了房子。 完成或解决某事(主语可能参与其中) He had his wallet stolen. 他的钱包被偷了。 表示“遭遇某种不幸；受到打击” 五、过去分词作状语 意义：过去分词作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，且主语是过去分词动作的承受者。过去分词作状语时，可单独使用，也可以在其前面加上适当的连词(when，while，if，once，unless，although等)，可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随、方式等。 (时间状语)When seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful. ＝When it is seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful. 从山顶往下看时，这座公园看起来更加漂亮。 (原因状语)Punished by his mother，the boy burst into tears. ＝Because he was punished by his mother，the boy burst into tears. 因为被妈妈惩罚，男孩大哭起来。 (条件状语)Given a few more minutes，I will get through with the paper. ＝If given a few more minutes，I will get through with the paper. ＝If I am given a few more minutes，I will get through with the paper. 如果再多给我几分钟，我就能做完试卷了。 (条件状语)The girl would keep silent for hours unless asked. ＝The girl would keep silent for hours unless she was asked. 这个女孩会一连几个小时不说话，除非被问到。 (让步状语)Exhausted，the premier kept dealing with political problems until midnight. ＝Although/Though exhausted，the premier kept dealing with political problems until midnight. ＝Although/Though he was exhausted，the premier kept dealing with political problems until midnight. 尽管疲惫不堪，总理还是继续处理政治问题直到深夜。 (伴随状语)The scientist Tu Youyou came in，followed by her assistant. ＝The scientist Tu Youyou came in and she was followed by her assistant. 科学家屠呦呦进来了，后面跟着她的助手。 [注意]　有些过去分词已形容词化，作状语时不表示被动，而表示人的状态。常见的有lost，seated，hidden，lost/absorbed，born，dressed，interested，worried/concerned，satisfied/pleased，tired等。 Absorbed in reading the science fiction story，he didn’t hear the sound of the horn. 因为沉迷于读那本科幻小说，所以他没听到喇叭声。 Greatly interested，I asked how he played the didgeridoo. 因为非常感兴趣，我问他是如何演奏迪吉里杜管的。 Located on the east coast of China，Qingdao is an important port city of China. 位于中国东部海岸，青岛是中国一个重要的港口城市。 Disappointed at the result，the girl stood there without saying a word. 因为对结果很失望，小女孩站在那里一句话也没说。 完成下列语段，尽可能多地使用过去分词 Vingo坐在那里，非常吃惊，眼睛凝视着橡树(oak tree)。被许多黄手帕覆盖，橡树像一面欢迎的旗帜，随风飘扬。Vingo满心欢喜，他的心狂跳不已。激动的Vingo从座位上站起来，向公共汽车的前面走去。他迫不及待地想见到他心爱的妻子和孩子们，他们一直期待着他的归来。 Vingo sat there 1.amazed，with his eyes 2.fixed on the oak tree.3.Covered with many yellow handkerchiefs，the tree stood like a banner of welcome，blowing in the wind.Vingo was 4.filled with happiness and his heart was beating wildly.5.Excited/Thrilled Vingo rose from his seat and made his way to the front of the bus.He couldn’t wait to meet his 6.beloved wife and children looking forward to his return. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Even the best writers sometimes find themselves lost(lose) for words. 2．Tsinghua University founded(found) in 1911 is home to a great number of outstanding figures. 3．Offered(offer) an important role in a new movie，Andy has a chance to become famous. 4．Translated(translate) into English，the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. 5．Claire had her luggage checked(check) an hour before her plane left. 6．Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself reminded(remind) of his own dreams. 7．The players selected(select) from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game. 8．Most of the artists invited(invite) to the party were from South Africa. 9．Worried(worry) about the time available，the girl made a list of the tourist attractions she wanted to visit. 10．There were many people waiting at the bus stop，and some of them looked very anxious and disappointed(disappoint)． Ⅱ.完成句子 1．随着假期临近，我的同学们变得越来越兴奋。(过去分词作表语) With the holiday approaching，my classmates are becoming more and more excited. 2．因为担心即将到来的考试，有些同学学习到深夜。(过去分词短语作状语) Worried about the coming exam，some students study until midnight. 3．我的同桌不想浪费时间，所以他经常让人把饭带到教室里来。(过去分词作宾补) My deskmate doesn’t want to waste time，so he often has meals brought to the classroom. 4．他经常做一些从网上下载的练习题。(过去分词短语作定语) He often does some exercises downloaded from the Internet. 5．决心向他学习，我也开始在教室吃饭。但是我因为在英语课上吃东西被惩罚了。(过去分词短语作状语、作表语) Determined to learn from him，I also begin to eat in the classroom，but I get punished for eating in the English class. 6．我写信是想告诉你，我不能按我们约好的时间陪你逛书店了。(过去分词作定语) I am writing to tell you that I can’t go to the bookstore with you at the appointed time. 7．上周五，我们班邀请了一位年老的工艺师来教我们如何做中国结，这旨在弘扬中国文化。(过去分词短语作状语) Last Friday，our class invited an old craftsman to teach us how to make Chinese knots，aimed at promoting the Chinese culture. 8．我感到非常荣幸能做一个有关如何提高英语口语的演讲。(过去分词作表语) I feel greatly honored to deliver a speech on how to improve oral English. Ⅲ.阅读理解 Not every architectural landmark is grand in scale，with splendid decorations，or amazing colors.Suzhou Gardens may just be the opposite. When a group of monks during the Yuan Dynasty first constructed Lion Grove Garden，they may have just wanted to enjoy a quiet place，hiding away from urban noise，while in the following centuries，this charming garden—most notable for its waterside rockeries(假山) similar to the shape of lions—has attracted a constant stream of celebrity guests，who have left a long list of poems，paintings and historical anecdotes. In recent years，nine of the best-known classical gardens of Suzhou，including Lion Grove Garden，Humble Administrator’s Garden and Great Wave Pavilion，were registered into the World Heritage List.As UNESCO remarks，“Classical Chinese garden design，which seeks to recreate natural landscapes in miniature(缩略图)，is nowhere better illustrated than in the nine gardens，which reflect the profound natural beauty in Chinese culture and inspire people to pursue harmony with the world.” Nowadays，relevant administrations have been trying to restore the historical landscapes of Suzhou’s classical gardens.As a result，last year，a new project was launched allowing tourists in small groups to reserve places to enter the garden in the early morning before the regular opening time.Their visit ended with them completing the last step in making a traditional folding fan，adding a poem about the garden on its surface.The experience was also regarded as a way to help people understand the wisdom，elegance and philosophical worldview of the ancient Chinese literati. The delicate beauty of the gardens still flows via the canals that snake across Suzhou.Hardly felt，their strength in shaping the city’s character seems to last forever. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了苏州园林的历史和现状以及有关部门为恢复其历史风貌所作的努力。 1．What’s the purpose of building the Lion Grove Garden? A．To share historical anecdotes. B．To attract celebrity guests. C．To enjoy the beautiful scenery. D．To stay far from the madding crowd. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。由第二段中的“When a group of monks...they may have just wanted to enjoy a quiet place，hiding away from urban noise”可知，建造狮子林的目的是为了远离喧嚣的人群。故选D。 2．What do Suzhou Gardens show? A．Splendid decorations. B．Grand beauty. C．Human-nature harmony. D．Amazing colors. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。由第三段中的“Classical Chinese garden design，which seeks to recreate natural landscapes...inspire people to pursue harmony with the world.”可知，苏州园林呈现出自然美以及人与世界的融合。故选C。 3．What can we know about the project from paragraph 4? A．It featured traditional Chinese elements. B．Small groups without reservation were welcome. C．Its main aim was to help people approach poems. D．It was launched when the gardens were open to the public. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。由第四段最后两句可知，游客在该项目中的观光以完成制作传统折扇的最后一步和在扇面上题诗结束，这有助于游客了解中国古代文人的智慧、优雅和哲学世界观。即该项目以中国传统元素为特色。故选A。 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Suzhou Gardens，a place of national pride B．Suzhou Gardens，a place with natural beauty C．Suzhou Gardens，a place that shows the decorations and colors D．Suzhou Gardens，a place that reflects the philosophy and culture 答案　D 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文尤其根据第二、三、四段的内容可知，文章主要介绍了苏州园林这个反映了中国文化和激励人们追求人与世界和谐相处的地方。故D项最适合作文章标题。故选D。 Ⅳ.完形填空 I remind myself that everything annoying will eventually become a regular part of my life. If I could go back in time，I would view many 1 as growth opportunities，such as asking a Chinese classmate in the cafe to help 2 some of the names of the available dishes and making new friends to understand Chinese culture better. I’d like to share my bathroom story.One day the toilet in my apartment was 3 .My roommate was gone，and I had to figure out how to 4 it.The building had a 5 team，but I was worried that I wouldn’t be able to 6 the problem to them over the telephone. Instead of 7 the team，I went downstairs to talk to the staff members who watched the building’s front entrance.After greeting with my poor Chinese，I 8 that I had a problem in the bathroom，and then 9 plunging(插入) into toilet bowl.It turned out that I was a 10 performer，so from pocket I took out my 11 ，translated plunger into Chinese，and showed them the screen.Now 12 what I wanted，the person called someone to help. The entire experience taught me that，as long as you are 13 and patient，most people will help you.No 14 language? No problem! People across cultures can communicate as long as you put in a bit of effort to make yourself 15 . 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的汉语很差，厕所坏了却无法让工作人员明白自己的问题，掏出手机进行翻译后，工作人员最终明白并解决了问题。作者认为只要你表达清楚，说不同语言的人们之间是可以交流的。 1．A.places B．conditions C．experiments D．occasions 答案　D 解析　根据下文“such as asking a Chinese classmate in the cafe to help...”的举例可知，空白处应填表示“场合”含义的名词，故选D。 2．A.interpret B．transform C．deliver D．pronounce 答案　A 解析　根据下文“some of the names of the available dishes...to understand Chinese culture better”可知，作者是需要别人帮忙口头翻译一些菜肴的名称，故选A。 3．A.crowded B．disabled C．blocked D．frozen 答案　C 解析　根据下文“...the problem to them”以及“I had a problem in the bathroom”可知公寓厕所出故障了，“blocked(堵住)”与句子表达的含义一致，故选C。 4．A.suspend B．explode C．fix D．await 答案　C 解析　根据上文“One day the toilet in my apartment was ”可知，公寓厕所堵了，需要想办法修理，故选C。 5．A.defending B．maintaining C．rescuing D．searching 答案　B 解析　根据上文“One day the toilet in my apartment was ”可知，公寓厕所堵了，需要大楼里的维修团队修理，故选B。 6．A.express B．present C．bring D．describe 答案　D 解析　根据下文“Instead of the team，I went downstairs to talk to the staff members who watched the building’s front entrance.”可知，作者担心无法通过电话向维修团队描述问题，故选D。 7．A.begging B．calling C．inviting D．interrupting 答案　B 解析　根据上文“...the problem to them over the telephone”可知，作者并没有给维修团队打电话，故选B。 8．A.apologized B．disturbed C．explained D．pointed 答案　C 解析　根据下文“I had a problem in the bathroom”可知，作者向工作人员解释厕所坏了这件事，故选C。 9．A.carried out B．brought out C．worked out D．acted out 答案　D 解析　carry out执行；bring out出版；work out解决；act out表演，演示。根据下文“plunging(插入) into toilet bowl”以及“I was a performer”可知，作者因不怎么会说汉语，只能通过演示告诉工作人员自己的厕所坏了，故选D。 10．A.smart B．terrible C．reliable D．brilliant 答案　B 解析　根据下文作者拿出手机进行翻译可知，作者的演示没有让工作人员明白，所以这里指作者是一个糟糕的表演者，故选B。 11．A.cellphone B．notebook C．pen D．mirror 答案　A 解析　根据下文“translated plunger into Chinese，and showed them the screen”可知作者为了让工作人员明白他的意思，拿出了手机进行翻译，故选A。 12．A.sensing B．imagining C．realizing D．proving 答案　C 解析　根据下文“the person called someone to help”可知，工作人员明白了作者的需要，故选C。 13．A.respected B．ashamed C．considerate D．polite 答案　D 解析　根据并列连词后面的形容词patient以及下文“most people will help you”，并分析四个选项，“polite(礼貌的)”表达的含义与句子表达的含义一致，故选D。 14．A.spoken B．shared C．ordinary D．written 答案　B 解析　根据下文“People across cultures can communicate”可知，作者认为没有共同的语言也是没问题的，故选B。 15．A.clear B．amazing C．lucky D．active 答案　A 解析　根据上文“People across cultures can communicate”可知，只要你努力表达清楚，说不同语言的人们仍可以交流，故选A。 Ⅴ.语法填空 (2022·河南濮阳高二期末质监) Edinburgh,1. is located in the southeast of Scotland，is the capital of Scotland. With its museums，shops,2. (wonder) historic castles and many restaurants，there are many interesting things for visitors 3. (enjoy) all year round. Besides，there is more to have fun in Edinburgh.Each year，the Edinburgh International Festival takes place in the city.In late summer，for three weeks，the festival presents classical music，opera and dance throughout the city.Whatever your cultural 4. (taste) are，you are sure to find something joyful. So far，the Edinburgh International Festival has earned 5. (it) reputation as one of the world’s 6. (great) celebrations of the arts.The founders believed that the programs should be of highest possible artistic standard 7. (present) by the best artists in the world，that the festival should enrich the cultural life of Europe 8. that it should provide a platform for the flowering of the human spirit. The popularity of the festival resulted 9. the birth of another festival soon—the Edinburgh Fringe Festival(艺穗节)．Both of them 10. (be) widely popular over the past 70 years. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了苏格兰首府爱丁堡的两大国际艺术节。 1．答案　which 解析　考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Edinburgh，指物，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which。 2．答案　wonderful 解析　考查形容词。空处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词短语historic castles。故填wonderful。 3．答案　to enjoy 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用动词不定式作名词短语interesting things的后置定语；且visitors与enjoy之间是主动关系，所以使用动词不定式的主动式。 4．答案　tastes 解析　考查名词的数。taste表示“口味，喜好”时是可数名词，且空格后的系动词是are，所以填复数形式。 5．答案　its 解析　考查代词。结合本句主语the Edinburgh International Festival可知，此处使用形容词性物主代词its作定语，修饰名词reputation。 6．答案　greatest 解析　考查形容词的最高级。one of the＋形容词最高级＋复数名词，意为“最……的……之一”。 7．答案　presented 解析　考查非谓语动词。空处在that引导的宾语从句中作后置定语，与被修饰词artistic standard是动宾关系，所以用过去分词表被动。 8．答案　and 解析　考查连词。动词believed后跟了三个并列的宾语从句，所以在最后一个that从句前用并列连词and连接。 9．答案　in 解析　考查介词。结合句意可知，此处应使用固定搭配result in表示“导致”。 10．答案　have been 解析　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。结合时间状语over the past 70 years可知，时态用现在完成时，主语Both of them是复数，所以助动词使用have。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$