Unit 11 Period 3 Topic Talk & Lesson 1—Language Points-【步步高】2023-2024学年高二英语选择性必修第四册（北师大版2019）

Period 3　Topic Talk & Lesson 1—Language Points Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．I had difficulty at first recalling(回想) why we were there. 2．He called them several times to inquire(打听) about the job possibilities. 3．He protested that the police had arrested(逮捕) him without sufficient evidence. 4．I’ve packed(打包) you some food for the journey so you needn’t bother to buy it. 5．A double room with a balcony overlooking the sea had been reserved for him. 6．I’ve learnt from bitter(痛苦的) experiences not to trust whatever he says any more. 7．Their brains are scanned so that researchers can monitor the progress of the disease. 8．The price was somewhat(有点) higher than I’d expected，and that’s why I gave it up. 9．A qualified teacher should never be prejudiced(有偏见的) against any of his students. 10．Please tell me your flight number and departure time，so that I can see you off at the airport. Ⅱ.词形变化填空 1．Though I am always a tolerant person in many people’s opinion，I just can not tolerate staying with him any longer; his habit of smoking is really beyond my tolerance.(tolerate) 2．To escape the racial violence，they stepped on a small boat which was shaking violently in the sea，fleeing away into a night with a violent storm.(violent) 3．My grandma who used to be a pleasant old lady is suffering from a disease now.To please her，we prepared a surprise party for her last week，which made her very pleased，saying what a pleasure it was to stay with all of us.(pleased) 4．She made a new year resolution that in the coming year she would try her best to resolve all life problems with a positive attitude and be a more resolved person from then on.(resolve) 5．It is really a shame that the young man made such a shameful decision，and worse still，he didn’t feel ashamed at all.(shame) Ⅲ.完成句子 1．她说矗立在街道角落的那所房子是2019年建的。(强调句；现在分词短语作后置定语) She said that it was the house standing at the corner of the street that was built in 2019. 2．这么小的房间里有这么多人，以至于现在很拥挤。(so...that...) There are so many people in such a small room that it is crowded now. 3．假若你将自己的时间利用得更好一些，你本可以学到更多东西的。(if引导的虚拟条件句) If you had made better use of your time，you might have learned more. 4．尽管我承认有问题存在，但我不同意这些问题不能解决。(while引导的让步状语从句) While I admit that there are problems，I don’t agree that they cannot be solved. negotiate vi.& vt.谈判，协商(negotiation n．谈判，协商) ·negotiate sth达成(交易);确立(合同) negotiate with sb (for sth)(为了……)与某人谈判/协商 ·under negotiation在谈判中，在协商中 (1)We are ready for discussions with any legal party，but we’ll never negotiate with criminals. (2)It is said that the conflict between Russia and Ukraine is still under negotiation(negotiate)． (3)He stayed in France for two weeks，negotiating an agreement with a French company. 他在法国待了两个星期，与一家法国公司商讨了一项协议。 annoy vt.使恼怒，使生气(annoyed adj.恼怒的，生气的，烦恼的annoying adj.令人气恼的，讨厌的 annoyance n．生气，恼怒) ·be annoyed with sb生某人的气 be annoyed at/about...因……而烦恼 be annoyed to do sth对做某事感到生气 ·to one’s annoyance 令某人生气的是 (1)Her most annoying(annoy) habit is eating with her eyes focused on her phone. (2)He must be annoyed with me for revealing that he cheated in the competition. (3)It is no wonder that he was annoyed at/about those behaviors，which were really annoying. (4)让他很气愤的是，他儿子总是违反校规。 ①What annoyed him much was that his son was always breaking the school rules.(annoy v．) ②To his great annoyance，his son was always breaking the school rules.(annoyance n．) ③He was extremely annoyed that his son was always breaking the school rules.(annoyed adj.) ashamed adj.内疚的，惭愧的[shame n．羞耻(心)；羞愧；遗憾的事 shameful adj.可耻的shameless adj.无耻的，厚颜的] ·be/feel ashamed of...因……感到惭愧 be ashamed to do sth耻于做某事 be ashamed that...对……感到羞愧 ·It’s a shame that...……真让人遗憾 What a shame！真可惜！ (1)It was shameful(shame) that he should treat the old man in such a rude way. (2)It is a shame that(很遗憾) there are so many people who waste their time carelessly. (3)He was ashamed of his stupid mistake and dared not come to see his teacher. →Ashamed of his stupid mistake，he dared not come to see his teacher.(形容词短语作状语) (4)真遗憾！我所有的努力都白费了，我几乎都想放弃了。 What a shame! All my efforts turn out to be in vain and I almost want to give up. vote n．投票(指行为)；票数；选票；表决 vt.& vi.投票；选举 ·vote for投票支持 vote against投票反对 vote on...就……投票表决 vote to do sth表决做某事 ·take/have a vote on 投票表决 (1)We’ll listen to the arguments on both sides and then vote on them. (2)Whether you vote for or against the plan doesn’t seem to matter very much. (3)There were some disagreements about the new plan，so we will vote to make(make) the final decision. (4)As we can’t agree on this matter，let’s take/have a vote on it. 由于在这个问题上我们无法达成一致意见，让我们就此投票表决吧。 tolerate vt.忍受；忍耐；容忍，容许；宽容(tolerance n．容忍；忍受 tolerant adj.宽容的) ·tolerate doing/to do sth容忍做某事 ·be tolerant of容忍；忍受 表示“容忍；忍受”的动词(短语)还有：bear，endure(忍耐)，stand和put up with等。 (1)No one can tolerate being bothered/to be bothered(bother) so frequently with such things. (2)He is always tolerant(tolerate) of people，which is one of his most striking strengths. (3)We should have a policy of zero tolerance(tolerate) for the problem of food safety. (4)那些懂得容忍他人的人自然会过上幸福的生活。 Those who know how to tolerate others can naturally live a happy life. bother vt.& vi.(使)担心，(使)生气，(使)苦恼 n．烦扰；令人烦恼的事或人 bother sb with/about sth因某事打扰或麻烦某人 bother to do/doing sth操心做某事 It bothers sb that/to do sth使某人苦恼的是…… Don’t bother.不必麻烦。 (1)Now that you are not keen on the chorus，why bother to apply/applying(apply) for it? (2)Anyhow，I don’t want to bother mom with/about my problems at the moment. (3)Her son didn’t work very hard at school.It bothered her much. →What bothered her much was that her son didn’t work very hard at school.(改成what引导的主语从句) →It bothered her much that her son didn’t work very hard at school.(改成it作形式主语) if引导的虚拟条件句 教材原句　The flat-owner said if he had known that Ma Ming was a drummer，he wouldn’t have rented the flat to him.房主说他如果知道马明是个鼓手，就不会把房子租给他。(P30) 本句是if引导的虚拟条件句，if引导的虚拟条件句分三种情况： ·与现在事实相反，从句用过去时(be动词用were)，主句用would/should/could/might＋动词原形。 ·与过去事实相反，从句用had done，主句用would/should/could/might have done。 ·与将来事实相反，从句用过去时(be动词用were)/were to do/should＋动词原形，主句用would/should/might/could＋动词原形。 注意：有时条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作发生的时间不一致，这类句子称为错综时间虚拟语气。此时主从句动词的形式应根据各自所表示的时间进行调整。 (1)If you kept(keep) your room tidy，then it wouldn’t bother me so long to clean it. (2)If we had booked(book) a table earlier，we couldn’t be standing here in a queue. (3)If I were you(如果我是你的话)，I would give him some encouragement rather than annoying scolding. (4)If you had worked hard before，you would have been promoted(你就会被提拔了)． be doing...when... 教材原句　We’d be sitting there happily reading our newspapers，when suddenly so much water would come from above that we’d be as wet as if we had showered with our clothes on! 我们本来高兴地坐在阳台看报纸，突然间很多水从天而降，把我们都给浇湿了，就像穿着衣服洗了个澡一样！(P31) 本句中的“be doing...when...”意思是“正在做……就在这时突然……”；when为并列连词，意思是“就在这时(突然)”，相当于and at this/that time; 常用该结构的句型如下： be about to do...when...正要做……这时…… be on the point of doing...when...正要做……这时…… be doing...when...正在做……这时…… had just done...when...刚做了……这时…… (1)We had just got into the helicopter when the hungry bear tore down the fence. (2)手里拿着罐子，我正匆忙上楼梯，突然我的一只赤脚卡在一个楼梯上。失去了平衡，我努力使自己稳定下来，但是没用。罐子从我的指间滑落，摔在了坚硬如岩石的泥地上。我刚要去捡起地上的玻璃碎片，就听到妈妈的声音传来，“发生了什么？” With the jar in my hands, I was walking upstairs in a hurry when one of my bare feet was caught on one stair.Losing balance，I tried to steady myself，but in vain.The jar slipped through my fingers and smashed on the hard-as-rock mud floor.I was about to pick up/was on the point of picking up the pieces of glass on the floor when I heard my mom’s voice，“What’s happening？” Ⅰ.一词多义 arrest A.逮捕，拘捕　B.阻止，抑制　C.吸引 1．They failed to arrest the company’s decline. B 2．I was walking in the street when something noisy arrested my attention. C 3．It is said that some people were arrested for spreading false information. A resolve A.解决v.　B.决定，决心v.　C.决心；决定的信念n. 4．Looking at the list，I felt my resolve began to weaken. C 5．The two sides have attempted to resolve the conflict in a peaceful way，but in vain. A 6．Instead of resolving to lose weight，try an manageable resolution like “I’ll stop having dessert for lunch”． B pack A.n.大背包　B.v.收拾行李　C.v.包装易损物品　D.v.挤进，塞进　E.n.一群动物 7．He packed a bag with a few things and was off without hesitation. B 8．The paintings were carefully packed in newspaper the other day. C 9．When we went to the picnic，we all packed together into the car. D 10．We passed a group of walkers on the trail，carrying huge packs. A 11．As we all know，wolves hunting in packs are great threats of sheep. E Ⅱ.熟词生义 1．Six of Zindel’s books have been voted the Best Books for Young Adults.投票评选为 2．As a botanist，he takes notes on the properties of any plant he encountered.特性 3．He was one of my remote cousins whom I have never met before.关系较远的 4．Most travel agents are prepared to tailor travel arrangements to meet individual requirements. 定做 5．Walking around the pond，I saw a dog stared at me and then edged a little closer to me. 渐渐移动 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The wolves have been howling on the edge of the forest for hours. 2．He has always been very keen on doing physical exercise but never keeps it. 3．I can’t thank you too much because without your help I wouldn’t have won the first prize. 4．They have received no news of him since his departure(depart) from the island. 5．One of their neighbors has written to complain of/about the sound of the piano. 6．You will need to complete three written assignments(assign) each semester. 7．Doctors issued a warning(warn) against eating any fish caught in the river. 8．We apologise for the delay and any inconvenience(convenient) it may have caused. 9．The two sides will never compromise with each other，so a further conflict is unavoidable. 10．What they will never cease doing(do) is to reveal the unfairness and prejudice against the poor. Ⅱ.选词填空 1．The little boy shouting so loudly for help must be in trouble，so I swam back to save him. 2．With economic development and population growth，the city size grows larger and larger，which has a bad influence on the farmland. 3．The villagers urged the government to take action to stop it. 4．He blew out the candle after he went to bed. 5．In the end，the confident player defeated the others and won the final game. Ⅲ.单句写作(应用文写作——送陌生老人去医院) 1．我跟朋友正走在街上，这时突然看到一个老人躺在地上。(be doing...when...) I was walking in the street with my friend when we saw an old man lying on the ground. 2．遗憾的是，那种情况下竟然没有人帮他。(It is a shame that...) It was a shame that nobody came to help him in that case. 3．我们对人们表现出的冷漠与无情感到很愤怒。(annoyed) We were annoyed at people’s indifference and coldness. 4．与朋友简单商议了一下，我们很快就将老人送往了医院。(negotiate) Having briefly negotiated with my friend，we rushed him to hospital quickly. 5．医生说如果老人没被及时送往医院，后果将会很严重。(if引导虚拟条件句) The doctor said that if the old man hadn’t been sent to hospital in time，there would have been serious results. Ⅳ.阅读理解 Most people enjoy variety.We like to eat different foods from meal to meal.We wear different clothes.We like to try new activities and visit new places.We become bored when there is little variety.Nevertheless，there’s one place where we tend to dislike variety，and that’s in each other.We often feel uncomfortable with people who practise different habits，or hold beliefs or values that we do not share. There are reasons for this.When we are exposed to new and different things，our brain works a bit harder than usual.When we’re learning，our nerve cells require more resources，such as water，salt，and various other chemicals.This extra metabolic(新陈代谢) activity can feel unsettling and unpleasant.And it can feel worse if our nervous system is already under pressure，like in the midst of the pandemic. This sort of variation may be uncomfortable for individuals，but it’s critical to the survival of any species.If all finches(雀科鸣鸟) were identical，for example，and their environment changed in some significant，harmful ways，like an increase in the temperature or a decrease in water，all of them would be equally affected and the species might become extinct.This insight into variation comes from Charles Darwin，and it’s known as population thinking.Most people associate Darwin with his evolutionary theory of natural selection，but population thinking may be an even greater scientific achievement.The idea of “survival of the fittest” implies that individuals must vary.Some are more suited than others for a given environment，making it easier for them to survive，grow，and reproduce.Variation is therefore a prerequisite for natural selection to work. Dealing with the vast variety of humankind can be demanding and even annoying at times，but it’s a good investment，sort of like exercise for your brain.When you meet someone who looks different or thinks differently from you，treat your discomfort as a cue to be curious and learn instead of a signal of a problem.Don’t hold the view that the other person should be silenced.Ultimately，this mindset can make you more flexible in adapting to challenging situations，and more adaptable to change. 语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了为什么我们应该与和自己不同的人相处并且给出了原因。 1．Which of the following might make people feel uncomfortable? A．Having an adventure in the wild. B．Taking a trip to a foreign country. C．Sharing traveling experiences with others. D．Socializing with people from diverse cultures. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“We often feel uncomfortable with people who practise different habits，or hold beliefs or values that we do not share.”可知，与来自不同文化背景的人交往会让人感到不舒服。故选D。 2．What does the second paragraph focus on? A．People’s unwillingness to deal with new things. B．The significance of learning new things in our life. C．The biological explanations for people’s discomfort. D．The role of the nervous system in learning new things. 答案　C 解析　段落大意题。根据第一段可知，与来自不同文化背景的人交往会让人感到不舒服。根据第二段第一句“There are reasons for this.”可知，本段是对这一现象产生的原因的解释。 结合后文说这种额外的代谢活动会让人感到不安和不愉快。故第二段主要讲的是人们感到不舒服的生物学解释。故选C。 3．What does the underlined word “prerequisite” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Requirement. B．Substitute. C．Motivation. D．Challenge. 答案　A 解析　词义猜测题。画线词所在句的前一句讲的是有些物种比其他物种更适合特定的环境，意味着个体必须有所不同。因此，变异是自然选择起作用的先决条件。故猜测画线单词prerequisite意为“先决条件，前提条件”。故选A。 4．What does the writer mainly want to convey? A．Why we tend to chase and enjoy variation. B．How we can benefit from seeking variation. C．How we should treat the differences we find in others. D．Why we should get along with people different from us. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。通读全文并结合最后一段可知，与形形色色的人打交道有时会很费力，但也能锻炼大脑。与和自己不同的人交往，更能适应变化。由此推知，作者主要想表达的是为什么我们应该与和自己不同的人相处。故选D。 Ⅴ.完形填空 Can you remember the first time you received a generous act? I can’t，but I 1 remember the first time I understood the meaning of generosity. I was in Grade Four.Fred was a boy in my class who lived in difficult conditions.His parents couldn’t afford to buy him all the stationary(文具) that he needed，and one of the basic items he 2 was colored pencils.So every time we needed to use colored pencils，Fred would 3 some of mine. Knowing this，my mother said it must have been hard for him to always 4 others.Instead of driving home，she drove directly to the closest stationery shop and had me 5 some for Fred. The next day I was sent to school with these things and was told to give them to Fred in 6 ；I shouldn’t cause Fred to feel 7 ，but should just give them to him and tell him they were his to 8 .Receiving these，Fred looked 9 at first，then happy and proud.He had his own stationery! To me，it’s okay to let Fred use my pencils.However，my mom realized what a 10 it would make for Fred to have his own.Generosity is 11 an opportunity to do something within your 12 .Besides，it’s never limited to material things.Thinking creatively and sharing 13 to help others find solutions are also acts of generosity.Give someone your time and 14 by listening mindfully.More importantly，it isn’t doing something to be seen but giving with no 15 of anything in exchange. 语篇解读　这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者在四年级的时候在母亲的引导下给予同学弗雷德文具的善意举动，这使作者第一次懂得了慷慨的含义。 1．A.vaguely B．hardly C．clearly D．typically 答案　C 解析　根据下文的描述可知，作者清晰地记得第一次懂得慷慨的含义。故选C。 2．A.owned B．lost C．mentioned D．lacked 答案　D 解析　根据前文“His parents couldn’t afford to buy him all the stationary(文具) that he needed”可知，他的家庭买不起他需要的所有文具，所以此处指他缺的东西就是彩色铅笔。故选D。 3．A.borrow B．collect C．show D．exchange 答案　A 解析　根据前文可知，弗雷德家里买不起文具，所以此处指当他需要的时候，他就会借用作者的铅笔。故选A。 4．A.test out B．rely on C．cheer for D．appeal to 答案　B 解析　根据前文“every time we needed to use colored pencils，Fred would some of mine”可知，每次他需要彩色铅笔时就会借用作者的，所以此处指依赖他人。故选B。 5．A.design B．remember C．select D．recommend 答案　C 解析　结合前文“she drove directly to the closest stationery shop”可知，此处指妈妈让作者给弗雷德挑一些文具。故选C。 6．A.caution B．person C．return D．secret 答案　D 解析　根据下文“I shouldn’t cause Fred to feel...”可知，此处指让作者秘密地给弗雷德，in secret“秘密地，悄悄地”，故选D。 7．A.surprised B．confused C．embarrassed D．disappointed 答案　C 解析　根据下文“just give them to him and tell him they were his...”可知，这样做是为了不让弗雷德感到尴尬。故选C。 8．A.present B．keep C．notice D．treasure 答案　B 解析　根据上下文可知，告诉弗雷德这些东西是他的，那么他就可以保留这些文具。故选B。 9．A.uncertain B．unaware C．pleasant D．urgent 答案　A 解析　结合语境可知，拿到这些文具是弗雷德没有预料到的，所以一开始他觉得不确定。故选A。 10．A.fortune B．difference C．name D．commitment 答案　B 解析　make a difference“有影响，起(重要)作用”，此处指拥有自己的文具对弗雷德是重要的。故选B。 11．A.offering B．missing C．bringing D．finding 答案　D 解析　根据下文“an opportunity to do something”可知，此处指找到做一些事情的机会，故选D。 12．A.responsibility B．capability C．availability D．possibility 答案　B 解析　根据前文内容可知，作者的妈妈带作者到文具店帮弗雷德买文具，这是在作者妈妈能力之内的事情。故选B。 13．A.wisdom B．benefit C．contribution D．approval 答案　A 解析　根据下文“to help others find solutions”可知，此处指分享智慧。故选A。 14．A.politeness B．permission C．attention D．curiosity 答案　C 解析　根据下文“by listening mindfully”可知，倾听的时候要投入注意力。故选C。 15．A.argument B．hesitation C．doubt D．expectation 答案　D 解析　结合下文“anything in exchange”可知，此处指慷慨的给予不期望用任何东西作交换。故选D。 Ⅵ.语法填空 (2023·全国甲卷) For thousands of years，people have told fables(寓言) 1. (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures，and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the 2. (six) century，B.C.Yet，the form of the fable still has values today,3. Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”． Carson uses a simple，direct style common to fables.In fact，her style and tone(口吻) are seemingly directed at children.“There was once a town in the heart of America 4. all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins,5._________ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.Behind the simple style，however，is a serious message 6. (intend) for everyone. 7． (difference) from traditional fables，Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.She warns of the environmental dangers facing society，and she teaches that people must take responsibility 8. saving their environment. The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life.However，Carson’s theme is a more weighty 9. (warn) about environmental destruction.Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still 10. (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要以蕾切尔·卡逊的作品为例介绍了寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。 1．答案　to teach 解析　考查非谓语动词。此处与to pass on wisdom并列作目的状语。故填to teach。 2．答案　sixth 解析　考查数词。century“世纪”前面要用序数词形式。故填sixth。 3．答案　as 解析　考查定语从句。引导非限制性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as。故填as。 4．答案　where 解析　考查定语从句。句中先行词为town，在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。 5．答案　borrowing 解析　考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词，所以此处应用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系，所以此处用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing。 6．答案　intended 解析　考查非谓语动词。be intended for打算为……所用，在句中作定语，所以用过去分词形式。故填intended。 7．答案　Different 解析　考查形容词。be different from与……不同，所以用形容词作状语，且位于句首，首字母大写。故填Different。 8．答案　for 解析　考查介词。take responsibility for对……负责，为固定搭配。故填for。 9．答案　warning 解析　考查名词。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知，此处用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。 10．答案　be employed 解析　考查动词的语态。宾语从句的主语a simple literary form与employ之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$