Unit 11 Period 2 Lesson 1 Reading Comprehension-【步步高】2023-2024学年高二英语选择性必修第四册（北师大版2019）

The D-DAY LANDINGS1 By spring 1944, the Second World War had been raging across the globe for about five years. But along the south coast of England, something unusual was happening：Allied2 troops3 made up mainly of British, Canadian and American soldiers were gathering in large numbers. This marked one of the final stages of a top-secret operation that had been months, perhaps years, in the planning. Code-named4 “Operation Overlord”， it was the largest combined sea, air and land operation in history, the aim being to free north-west Europe from German occupation. After waiting for the perfect combination of weather, moon and tides, the date for the start of Operation Overlord was set for 6 June. An order issued by Supreme5 Allied Commander6 General Eisenhower to troops read：“Your task won’t be an easy one. Your enemy is well trained, well equipped and battle-hardened...But this is the year 1944...The tide has turned! The free men of the world are marching together to Victory! I have full confidence in your courage, devotion to duty and skill in battle. We will accept nothing less than full Victory！” With these words ringing in their ears, Allied soldiers prepared for what would become known as D-Day. At dawn on 6 June, thousands landed by parachute behind enemy lines in northern France. Meanwhile, thousands more were journeying across the English Channel to Normandy, protected by fighter planes in the skies above them. Their objective7 was clear：to reach the Normandy beaches along about 80 kilometres of French coastline. But even in the depths of war, few could have been prepared for the violence and horror they would experience there. The fiercest fighting was at Omaha Beach. The enemy were hiding, ready to attack the Allied soldiers even before they reached land. Boats were hit and men drowned, while those who did make it to the beach faced heavy machine gunfire8. By mid-morning, hundreds lay dead in the water and amongst the tanks on the beach. One soldier recalled how he barely made it with bombs falling all around him：“I was the first one out. The seventh man was the next one to get across the beach without being hit. All the ones in between were hit. Two were killed；three were injured. That’s how lucky you had to be.” But, despite the high cost in human life, the D-Day landings were a success and were seen widely as the beginning of the end of the Second World War. By the end of August 1944, the Allies had reached the River Seine, Paris was liberated and the Germans had been removed from north-west France. The Allied forces then prepared to enter Germany, where they would meet up with the Soviet military moving in from the east.(节选自外研版新教材选择性必修第三册Unit 3) 词汇积累 1.landing/'lændI/n.(军队的)登陆 2．allied/'ælaId/adj.(第二次世界大战)同盟国的 3．troop/truːp/n.军队 4．code-name/'kəʊdˌneIm/v.起代号为 5．supreme/sʊ'priːm/adj.最高的 6．commander/kə'mɑːndə/n.指挥官；长官 7．objective/əb′dʒektIv/n.目的；目标 8．gunfire/'ɡʌnfaIə/n.炮火 Period 2　Lesson 1 Living in a Community —Reading Comprehension Ⅰ.匹配单词 1．detect　　 A．to try to reach an agreement by formal discussion 2．anyhow  B．to find an acceptable solution to a problem or difficulty 3．vote  C．to discover or notice sth，especially sth that is not easy to see or hear 4．tolerate D．feeling guilty or embarrassed about sth because of sth you have done 5．resolve  E．to express that you are annoyed，unhappy or not satisfied 6．negotiate F．a formal choice that you make in an election or at a meeting 7．complain G．in a careless way; not arranged in an order 8．ashamed  H．to accept sth/sb that is annoying，unpleasant without complaining 答案　1.C　2.G　 3.F　4.H　5.B　 6.A　7.E　8.D Ⅱ.选词填空 1．I was always driven mad when staying with my two naughty boys. 2．The idea that we can prepare a surprise party for Mom came to me in a flash. 3．As is known to all，many species are on the edge of extinction because of human behavior. 4．As far as I know，being exposed to sunlight for a long time will hurt our skin. 5．Bad habits，such as smoking and being addicted to smartphones，once developed，are hard to get rid of. Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Peaceful life in a community. B．Conflicts happening in a community. C．Harm brought by impolite neighbours in a community. D．Prejudice existing between neighbours in a community. 答案　B Ⅱ.悉层次结构 1．Read the first newspaper report quickly and then match the main idea with each part. Part 1(Para.1)　　 A．Reasons and the conflict. Part 2(Para.2) B．Introduce the story. Part 3(Para.3) C．Attitude towards the resolution. Part 4(Paras.4－5) D．Ways to deal with the conflict. 答案　Part 1 B　Part 2 A　Part 3 D　Part 4 C 2．Read the second newspaper report quickly and then match the main idea with each part. Part 1(Para.1)　　　 A．Background. Part 2(Paras.2－3) B．Introduce the story. Part 3(Para.4) C．Result. Part 4(Para.5) D．Conflict. 答案　Part 1 B　Part 2 A　Part 3 D　Part 4 C Step 2　细读——逐段获取细节 Drummer Hits the Road Ⅰ.Read Para.1 of the first newspaper report carefully and find the main elements of the newspaper report. Who：1.Ma Ming; his neighbours What：Ma Ming 2.moved out of his rented flat. Why：3.His neighbours complained about his disturbing the peace. Ⅱ.Read Para.2 of the first newspaper report carefully and do the following exercises. 1．Why were Ma Ming’s neighbours mad? A．Because they got a strange illness. B．Because Ma Ming often fought against them. C．Because Ma Ming often came back late at night. D．Because Ma Ming often held parties at night.What’s worse，he had a tendency to drum late at night. 答案　D 2．What can be learned from the flat-owner’s words? A．He likes listening to Ma Ming’s playing the drum. B．He disagrees with most of the neighbours. C．He regrets renting the flat to Ma Ming. D．He did know Ma Ming was a drummer. 答案　C Ⅲ.Read Para.3 of the first newspaper report carefully and do the following exercises. 1．What did the community council do to deal with Ma Ming’s matter? A．They forced Ma Ming to leave the community. B．They voted on the matter and gave Ma Ming a warning. C．They warned Ma Ming to have enough sleep. D．They asked Ma Ming to stop drumming and leave the community. 答案　B 2．What does the word “cease” mean? A．Keep. B．Pause. C．Practice. D．Stop. 答案　D Ⅳ.Read Paras.4－5 of the first newspaper report carefully and do the following exercises. 1．How did Ma Ming’s neighbours feel after his departure? A．They felt pleased. B．They felt very sorry for their selfishness. C．They felt sleepy. D．They felt unbearable. 答案　A 2．What is the attitude of Ma Ming towards the conflict? A．He was angry with people who considered his music as noise. B．He was glad to leave the flat and live in a hotel. C．He thought people were prejudiced against him. D．He realized his mistake and was willing to make an apology. 答案　C Ⅴ.Read the first newspaper report again and do the following exercises. 1．What’s the meaning of the title “Drummer Hits the Road”？ A．The drummer has nothing to hit but the road. B．The drummer has to start a journey to look for a proper house to stay in. C．The drummer hits another car on the road. D．The drummer falls down on the road from the sky. 答案　B 2．Which of the following is NOT true about Ma Ming? A．He was a drummer for a rock band. B．He didn’t have a wife. C．He couldn’t fall asleep because of the noise made by his neighbours. D．He often held parties late at night. 答案　C Grandpa Arrested After One Shower Too Many Ⅵ.Read Para.1 of the second newspaper report carefully and get the key information of the newspaper report. Characters：1.James McKay and Keith Smith Relationship：2.neighbors What happened：James 3.hit Smith over the head. Reason：James could no longer tolerate 4.getting wet just once too often by Smith. Result：James McKay spent Saturday night 5.in a cell. Ⅶ.Read Paras.2－3 of the second newspaper report carefully and tell true(T) or false(F)． 1．James McKay is a garden lover while Smith is a fish collector.(　F　) 2．James McKay lives downstairs while Smith lives upstairs.(　T　) 3．Smith and the McKays have been neighbours for months.(　F　) 4．James McKay used to like reading newspapers on their balcony.(　T　) Ⅷ.Read Paras.4－5 of the second newspaper report quickly and do the following exercises. 1．What happened on that Saturday evening? When the McKays were celebrating James’ birthday on their balcony，Smith emptied one of his fish tanks and both the McKays and the cake were wet，which made the old man extremely annoyed and go upstairs to punish Smith. 2．What can we know from the last paragraph? A．Smith withdrew the case and left the flat. B．The police would go on looking into the case. C．James was excited about being put into the cell. D．James is a cheerful and humorous old man. 答案　D Ⅸ.Read the two newspaper reports again and do the following exercises. 1．What do the two newspaper reports want to tell us? A．We should not drum at night. B．Any conflict can be handled in peace. C．A harmonious atmosphere is very necessary for living in a community. D．Too many showers do harm to our health. 答案　C 2．In which section of a newspaper may these texts appear? A．Education. B．Science and technology. C．Entertainment. D．Interpersonal relationships. 答案　D Step 3　读后——讨论深度理解 1．Choose a role from either report，such as Ma Ming，one of Ma Ming’s neighbours，James，Laurene or Smith.Tell the story from that person’s perspective.(Creative thinking) 2．Do you think the conflicts were well-resolved in the two reports? What other ways can you think of to deal with the conflicts? (Critical thinking) Step 4　总结——课文语法填空 The following are two reports，both of 1.which are about the conflicts between neighbours.In the first report，a young drummer 2.named(name) Ma Ming rented a flat in a community，but as a single man，he often held parties and drummed late at night，which annoyed his neighbours.So they asked the community council to take 3.action(act)．They took a vote and came to a resolution.They demanded that Ma Ming should cease 4.drumming(drum) or leave the property.At last，he chose to move and live in a hotel. The other report is about the conflict between a 5.retired(retire) tailor,80-year-old James McKay，and a keen gardener and fish collector,30-year-old Keith Smith，who lived above the McKays.One evening，on 6.the tailor’s birthday，his wife made a cake for him and they were enjoying the starry night on their balcony 7.when the fish collector emptied one of his tanks over the balcony and both the couple and the cake were wet through.The tailor was so angry that he 8.rushed(rush) upstairs and hit the trouble-maker over the head with his walking stick.As a consequence，he spent Saturday night in a cell.Fortunately，the fish collector was not going to take things 9.further(far) with the police，so the old tailor was released from the police station.In the meantime，the fish collector promised 10.to change(change) his ways from then on. Step 5　解读——长句难句分析 1．The flat-owner said if he had known that Ma Ming was a drummer，he wouldn’t have rented the flat to him. [句式分析]　此句是复合句。主句的主语是The flat-owner，谓语动词是said；if引导虚拟条件句，表示对过去情况的虚拟，if从句用过去完成时，主句用would/should/might have done结构；if从句中包含一个that引导的宾语从句。 [自主翻译]　房东说他如果知道马明是个鼓手，就不会把房子租给他。 2．McKay’s wife，Laurene said that，while McKay is usually a peaceful and pleasant person，he had been driven to this act of violence by literally getting wet just once too often. [句式分析]　此句是复合句。主句的主语是McKay’s wife，Laurene是同位语，谓语动词是said，that引导宾语从句；宾语从句中while引导让步状语从句，意思是“尽管”；be driven to意为“被迫；被逼”。 [自主翻译]　迈奇的妻子劳瑞恩说，他平时是个平和、愉悦的人，是因为再三被淋湿，才会做出这种暴力的行为，他实在是忍无可忍了。 3．She added that it wasn’t only the water falling onto their balcony from Smith watering his plants that bothered them，but also the way he cleaned his fish tanks. [句式分析]　此句是复合句。that引导宾语从句，从句中使用了it was...that...强调句型；falling onto their balcony from Smith是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰the water；he cleaned his fish tanks是省略了that/in which的定语从句，修饰the way。 [自主翻译]　她还说，困扰他们的不仅是史密斯给植物浇水时洒到阳台上的水，还有他清理鱼缸的方式。 4．We’d be sitting there happily reading our newspapers，when suddenly so much water would come from above that we’d be as wet as if we had showered with our clothes on! [句式分析]　此句是并列复合句。when用作并列连词，用于be doing...when...结构中，意思是“正在做……这时突然……”；so...that...意思是“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句；as if引导方式状语从句，使用虚拟语气表示对过去的虚拟，在时态上用过去完成时。 [自主翻译]　我们本来高兴地坐在阳台看报纸，突然间很多水从天而降，把我们都给浇湿了，就像穿着衣服洗了个澡一样！ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Teens who have good，supportive relationships with their teachers enjoy better health as adults，according to research published by an American research center. “This research suggests that improving students’ relationships with teachers could have positive and long-lasting effects beyond just academic success，” said Jinho Kim，a professor at Korea University and author of the study.“It could also bring about health implications in the long run.” Previous research has suggested that teens’ social relationships might be linked to health outcomes in adulthood.However，it is not clear whether the link between teen relationships and lifetime health is causal(因果的)—it could be that other factors，such as different family backgrounds，might contribute to both relationship problems in adolescence and poor health in adulthood.Also，most research has focused on teens’ relationships with their peers(同龄人)，rather than on their relationships with teachers. To explore those questions further，Kim analyzed data on nearly 20,000 participants from the Add Health study，a national study in the U．S.that followed participants from seventh grade into early adulthood.The participant pool included more than 3,400 pairs of siblings(兄弟姐妹)．As teens，participants answered questions，like “How often have you had trouble getting along with other students and your teachers？”As adults，participants were asked about their physical and mental health. Kim found that participants who had reported better relationships with both their peers and teachers in middle and high school also reported better physical and mental health in their mid-20s.However，when he controlled for family background by looking at pairs of siblings together，only the link between good teacher relationships and adult health remained significant. The results suggest teacher relationships are more important than previously realized and that schools should invest in training teachers on how to build warm and supportive relationships with their students.“This is not something that most teachers receive much training in，” Kim said，“but it should be.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究发现，与老师有良好的支持型关系的青少年成年后健康状况更好。 1．What does the underlined word “implications” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Recipes. B．Habits. C．Benefits. D．Risks. 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。画线词上文提到改善师生关系在除了学业成就以外的其他方面也有积极长久的影响。根据画线词前的also可知，此处说的是改善师生关系也对学生健康有益，由此可知画线词词义为“益处”。故选C。 2．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Poor health in adolescence. B．Limitations of the previous research. C．Teens’ relationships with their peers. D．Factors affecting health in adulthood. 答案　B 解析　段落大意题。根据第三段最后两句可知，第三段主要在说先前研究的局限性。故选B。 3．What does Kim’s research show? A．Good adult health depends on teens’ good teachers. B．Good family background promises long-term adult health. C．Healthy peer relationships lead to students’ academic success. D．Positive student-teacher relationships help students’ adult health. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第五段可知，Kim发现，那些在初中和高中与同龄人和老师关系都较好的参与者，在他们25岁左右的时候，身体和心理健康状况也较好。由此得知，积极的师生关系有助于学生成年时的健康。故选D。 4．Where does this text probably come from? A．A health magazine. B．A medical report. C．A term paper. D．A family survey. 答案　A 解析　文章出处题。根据第一段内容可知，关于学生身心健康的研究可能来自健康杂志。故选A。 B While saying no can be empowering and liberating to some，for others it can be frightening or uncomfortable.We feel that we must go along with things we honestly do not want to do in order to be socially accepted.However，there are benefits to the word “no”．Saying no can create more mental health stability and build your self-esteem and confidence.Saying no may be a difficult thing to do，but there are ways to make the process a bit more acceptable and effective. The sandwich method，an approach that involves sandwiching something that individuals may consider negative between two positives，is helpful for you to feel natural and authentic to say no.Tell the person something positive followed by the no and end with something supportive or positive.For example，“Thank you for inviting me.I really appreciate you including me and being thoughtful；however，I won’t be able to make it.I would still really enjoy meeting up with you.I’ll look at my schedule for some dates I’m available，so that we can spend some time together.” It’s also important to keep in mind that saying no to something but giving other options that better fit your needs can also be an effective way to use the power of no.Remember that your needs are important and your decisions can directly affect your time and energy. We all have various roles in our work，parenting，and social obligations.These roles can challenge our abilities to set boundaries.Learning about yourself and finding your inner power is important to your health and well-being.Consider setting boundaries around goals you have for yourself.For example，if one of your goals is to create better balance between work and life，you may say no to a call or meeting outside your normal working hours. Using some of the techniques outlined above，you may not find it a big deal to say no. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了可以让说“不”这个过程更容易被接受和有效的方法。 5．What is an advantage of saying no? A．You might become more powerful. B．You will be more socially accepted. C．You are likely to feel self-confident. D．You can stabilize your physical health. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。由第一段中的“Saying no can create more mental health stability and build your self-esteem and confidence.”可知，说“不”的好处之一是你可能会感到自信。故选C。 6．Which of the following agrees with the sandwich method? A．To follow two praises with a criticism. B．To make a refusal between two layers of praise. C．To state something negative and give two proposals. D．To introduce an idea，give examples and draw a conclusion. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。由第二段第一句话及后文举的例子可知，三明治法是一种将个人可能认为消极的东西夹在两个积极的东西之间的方法，由此可得出“在两层赞扬之间做出拒绝”符合三明治法。故选B。 7．What is the author’s attitude to saying no? A．Doubtful. B．Objective. C．Favorable. D．Opposed. 答案　C 解析　观点态度题。由第一段中的“However，there are benefits to the word ‘no’．”和最后一段“Using some of the techniques outlined above，you may not find it a big deal to say no.”可知，作者认为说“不”有好处，还提出说“不”的方法，说明作者赞成说“不”。故选C。 8．What is the text mainly about? A．The art of saying no. B．The skill of communication. C．The importance of saying no. D．The concept of sandwich method. 答案　A 解析　主旨大意题。由第一段最后一句和最后一段内容可知，文章讲述了可以让说“不”这个过程更容易被接受和有效的方法，A项“说‘不’的艺术”符合文意。故选A。 C Have you ever wondered why other people don’t see things the same way you do? Isn’t it confusing that you don’t necessarily share the same viewpoints even when you come from the same family? Why can’t they just see it my way? The scientific explanation comes from cognitive (认知的) psychology；it’s a mental process known as information processing. From a psychological perspective，you have your own internal set of core values，memories，and quality of emotion.With every external event you experience，the information comes in and is filtered (过滤) through your emotions，memories，and values.How you “see” yourself，others，and the world you live in will be flavored by what you’ve experienced or believe to be true.In other words，you don’t see things as they are—you see things as you are. You have a process for filtering information and it may strike you as being odd，to say the least，when others don’t subscribe to the same beliefs，thoughts，and opinions.What if you considered，even for just a moment，that what you are perceiving is only one possibility—and that there are several other ways to interpret a situation? In every walk of life，you find yourself defending your beliefs，arguing for how you remember something that happened，and positioning yourself to influence others to see things your way.But what if you’re missing the important point that your differences are what make life colorful? Those differences are what stimulate your mind and emotions.Without differences，life would be dull.There would be no “aha” moments if you knew everything.There would be no inspiration in the form of art，music，poetry，style，or communication. There will be times in your life when boundaries may need to be enforced with others and，at the end of the day，you want to feel understood and appreciated.Learning to honor your viewpoints while others have their own is vital for coexisting in a world where every individual is perfectly unique. 语篇解读　这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了为什么每个人看待事情的方式不同，并指出正是由于人与人之间的不同才让生活丰富多彩。 9．How does the author introduce the topic of the passage? A．By raising questions. B．By listing opinions. C．By quoting sayings. D．By making a comparison. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段前三句可知，文章开头通过提出一系列问题来引出文章主题——为什么别人和你的想法不同，故选A。 10．What plays a vital role in information processing? A．Current situation. B．External opinions. C．Personal experience. D．Physical condition. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第二、三句话可知，在信息加工过程中，个人经历起重要作用。故选C。 11．Which statement will the author probably agree with? A．Learning to accept differences. B．Pursuing perfection in daily life. C．Following others unconditionally. D．Arguing for your own viewpoint. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，作者认为差异使生活丰富多彩，如果没有差异，生活会很单调，故作者可能会同意A项观点“学会接受差异”。故选A。 12．What is the most suitable title for the text? A．Why Nobody Understands You? B．How Come You Are So Unique? C．Who Is to Blame for Disagreement? D．What Makes You Think You’re Right? 答案　D 解析　标题归纳题。文章开头通过提出一系列问题来引出文章主题——为什么别人和你的想法不同，接着对此做出解释，因为我们看待事情的方式受到个人经历的影响，最后指出正是由于人与人之间的差异才让生活丰富多彩，故D项“是什么让你认为自己是对的？”符合文章主题。故选D。 Ⅱ.七选五 How to Manage Conflict •Use neutral(中立的) language. Neutral language keeps the discussion objective and nonjudgmental.Inflammatory(煽动性的) language only makes the conflict worse. 1 Rephrase negative statements into neutral comments and ask sincere questions to get your coworker’s side of the story and use a calm，even-tone of voice. •Reflect on the situation. Show all parties that you hear and understand their concerns.Often，conflict comes from one party feeling as though they’re not being heard or understood.Take time throughout your conversation to restate what the other person says. 2 •Work together to compromise and find a solution. 3 Resolve the conflict by working together and brainstorming solutions to the conflict that addresses everyone’s concerns.Write down your ideas and see if there’s one solution that both of you find fair and reasonable.A good resolution usually involves compromise—meeting half way so that you both leave satisfied. •Make a resolution plan. A plan defines each party’s responsibilities and prevents more conflict.After finding a solution everyone can agree on，sit down together and figure out what you’ll all do to resolve the conflict. 4 What other practices might help avoid future conflict and maintain positive communication? Ensure everyone involved cooperates on the win-win solution. •Pick your battles. Not all conflicts are worth holding onto at the cost of your energy.Some issues can’t be solved to the satisfaction of both parties，especially if one person rejects any negotiation.In those cases，ask yourself how much the issue at the core of the conflict matters to you.Are you willing to give in or keep dialoguing to reach a different resolution? 5 If you decide the conflict isn’t worth your energy，give the other person a simple concession. A．Is this conflict worth your time and energy? B．How will the immediate problem be fixed? C．Giving in doesn’t mean saying “You’re right，and I’m wrong.” D．This will help you clarify your understanding of the situation. E．Focus on finding a solution rather than determining who is “right”． F．Cooperation encourages everyone to stop blaming each other. G．Instead，keep the discussion less emotional by using objective language. 1．答案　G 解析　根据上文“Neutral language keeps the discussion objective and nonjudgmental.”可知，此处上下文说的是要使用客观的语言来减少情绪化，与G项“相反，通过使用客观的语言来减少讨论的情绪化”表达的含义一致，故选G。 2．答案　D 解析　根据上文“Often，conflict comes from one party feeling as though they’re not being heard or understood.Take time throughout your conversation to restate what the other person says.”可知，此处上下文说的是要了解情况，与D项“这将有助于你澄清对情况的理解”表达的含义一致，This指代上文的做法，故选D。 3．答案　F 解析　根据下文“Resolve the conflict by working together and brainstorming solutions to the conflict that addresses everyone’s concerns.”可知，可以通过合作的办法解决冲突，与F项“合作促使每个人停止互相指责”表达的含义一致，故选F。 4．答案　B 解析　根据上文“After finding a solution everyone can agree on，sit down together and figure out what you’ll all do to resolve the conflict.”可知，此处上下文说的是找到解决方案后，坐下来思考具体的做法，与B项“如何解决眼前的问题？”表达的含义一致，故选B。 5．答案　A 解析　根据上文“Not all conflicts are worth holding onto at the cost of your energy.”可知，此处上下文说的是要思考冲突是否值得付出精力，与A项“这场冲突值得你花费时间和精力吗？”表达的含义一致，A项中的“worth your time and energy”与下文中的“worth your energy”对应。故选A。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$