Unit 1 Period 2 Language Points-【步步高】2023-2024学年高二英语选择性必修第四册（人教版2019）

Period 2　Reading and Thinking—Language Points 提示：题干中加底纹的词汇为本单元的词汇复现，帮助学生及时巩固，循环复习。 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．The salesman wants to live in an apartment，whereas his wife would rather live in a flat. 2．Even though this is a science fiction story，the plot is much too ridiculous. 3．He didn’t treat me with dignity(尊严)，which made me explode with anger. 4．Rumour has it that the chairwoman has divorced，but in fact she has not. 5．Wherever you are，you should try to be a person with integrity(正直) and honesty. 6．It has been calculated that at least 47,000 employees were dismissed last year. 7．The saleswoman can’t get the bonus of this month because she didn’t finish the task on time. 8．He put a ladder against the wall to have a lamp suspended(悬挂)． 9．His weekly salary(薪水) is higher than all of his former classmates. 10．Unfortunately，the salesman fell from the ladder when he went downstairs. Ⅱ.词形变化填空 1．Don’t forget our appointment and please arrive at the appointed time.(appoint) 2．He was guilty of murder and he was filled with much guilt.(guilty) 3．It is declared that the final declaration is scheduled on May 5.(declare) Ⅲ.完成句子 1．显然，学生们应该为他们的将来做好充分准备。 It is obvious that the students should get well prepared for their future. 2．由于在下雪，我们便不去爬山了。 As it is snowing，we shall not climb the mountain. 3．丽丽觉得跟他争论这件事没有用。 Lily felt it no use arguing with him about the matter. 4．格林小姐不仅是我们的英语老师，她还是我们的朋友。 Miss Green is more than our English teacher.She is also our friend. 5．我的朋友走进了黑暗的房间，当大家喊“生日快乐”时，他感到很惊讶。 Into the dark apartment walked my friend，who was quite surprised when everyone shouted Happy Birthday. favour n．喜爱，恩惠；好意；帮助；支持 vt.偏爱 (favourable adj.有利的；赞同的) do sb a favour 帮某人的忙 ask sb a favour请求某人帮忙 in favour of支持 in one’s favour对某人有利 (1)Much to her sorrow，the saleswoman didn’t make a favourable(favour) impression on her boss. (2)(2022·北京，书面表达)我想请求你帮忙：你能给我一些关于如何提高英语写作的建议吗？ I would like you to do me a favor：Could you please offer me some tips on how to improve my English writing? (3)(应用文写作之求助信)正如您所知道的，形势对我不利。因此我写信向您求助，我想知道您能否支持我。 As you know，the situation isn’t in my favour.So I am writing to ask you a favour.I wonder if you could be in favour of me. appointment n．预约；约会；委任 (appoint v．任命；委派；安排；约定 appointed adj.指定的；约定的) ·make/have an appointment with sb和某人有约 keep an/the/one’s appointment赴约；守约 break an/the appointment失约 ·appoint sb (as/to be)...任命某人(为)…… appoint sb to do sth指派某人去做某事 (1)(应用文写作之道歉信)我和这位科幻小说作家在咖啡馆有约。但是由于一位不速之客，我不得不失约。因我不能赴约，请替我传达我真挚的歉意。 I have made/had an appointment with the science fiction writer at the café.But because of an unexpected visitor，I have to break the appointment.Please convey my heartfelt apology for not keeping my appointment. (2)(应用文写作之祝贺信)得知你被任命为这个组织的主席，我写信祝贺你。 Learning that you are appointed as/to be the chairwoman of the organization，I am writing to congratulate you. (3)(读后续写之愤怒情绪描写)他总是委派我做各种工作，这使我勃然大怒。 He was always appointing me to perform various jobs，which made me explode with anger. guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的 (guilt n．内疚；悔恨；犯罪；罪行) be guilty of...犯有……罪 be/feel guilty for/at/about...对/为……感到内疚/有愧 (1)这家伙被宣告犯有盗窃罪。 The guy was declared to be guilty of theft. (2) (读后续写之心理描写)售货员对犯如此愚蠢的错误感到内疚，眼中涌出内疚的泪水。 The salesman was guilty about/for/at making such a stupid mistake and tears of guilt welled up in his eyes. dismiss vt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除 dismiss sb for...因……而解雇/开除某人 dismiss...from...去除，消除；解雇；免职；开除 (1) It turned out that he was dismissed for being lazy and dishonest. (2)(读后续写之悲伤情绪描写)女主席由于一些所谓的传闻被免除了职位，这使她陷入了无尽的悲伤。 The chairwoman was dismissed from her post for some so-called rumours，which threw her into the world of endless sadness. declare vt.表明；宣称；公布 (declaration n．宣称；声明) declare sb/sth to be...宣布某人或某事是…… declare for/against赞成/反对 declare war (on/against...)(向……)宣战 declare sth/that...宣布…… It is/was declared that...据宣布…… (1)When asked for his opinion，he declared strongly against the policy，saying that it was unfair. (2)(读后续写之愤怒情绪描写)尽管他怒不可遏，他也不愿意向他的老朋友宣战。 Although he boiled with anger，he was unwilling to declare war on/against his old friends. (3)(话题写作之活动安排)考虑完所有利弊后，我赞成这个决定，因此，我宣布我们将组织这次水果采摘活动。 After considering all the pros and cons，I declared for the decision，and thus，I declared that we would organize the fruit-picking activity. (4)(2023·浙江1月，应用文写作)“认识我们身边的植物”活动被认为最有意义，它让我们认识了校园里不同的植物。 ①The activity “Getting to Know the Plants Around Us” was declared to be the most meaningful，which enabled us to identify different plants on campus. ②It was declared that the activity “Getting to Know the Plants Around Us” was the most meaningful，which enabled us to identify different plants on campus. on a...basis根据；以……的方式(基准) ·on a regular basis定期地；例行地；有规律地 on a daily/weekly basis每天/每周 on the basis of...以……为基础 ·base...on/upon...把……置于……基础之上 be based on/upon...以……为基础/根据 (1) (2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，应用文写作)我每天读半小时的英文报。以大量的阅读为基础，我极大地提高了我的英语。基于我自己的经历，我呼吁你们所有人定期读英文报。 I read the English newspaper for half an hour on a daily basis.On the basis of much reading，I have greatly improved my English.Based on/upon my own experience，I call on all of you to read the English newspaper on a regular basis. (2)(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷，应用文写作)我强烈建议你应该将分组建立在学生的考试成绩、语言表现或兴趣爱好上。 I strongly recommend that you (should) base grouping on students’ exam grades，verbal performance or interests. distinguish vi.& vt.区分；辨别 (distinguished adj.卓越的；受人尊敬的) distinguish A from B＝distinguish between A and B　把A和B 区分开 distinguish oneself (as...)(作为……)使自己扬名 (1)(应用文写作之活动安排)An activity will be held in honor of Qu Yuan, who was a distinguished(distinguish) poet in Chinese history. (2)(2020·全国 Ⅰ，书面表达) 我最尊敬的英语老师已经作为最优秀的老师而扬名。他不仅教我们知识，而且教我们分辨是非。 The English teacher I respect most has already distinguished himself as one of the best teachers.Not only does he teach us knowledge but also he teaches us to distinguish between right and wrong/distinguish right from wrong. more...than...与其说……不如说…… 教材原句　He seemed more like a human than a machine.他看上去更像一个人，而不像一台机器。(P2) more...than...的基本用法：“比……更……”；特殊用法：“与其说……不如说……”，“是……而不是……”。 more than＋数词，表示“超过；不止”，相当于over。 more than＋名词，意为“不只是；不仅仅……”，相当于not only。 more than＋形容词/副词，意为“非常，很”，相当于very。 more than one＋单数名词，意为“不止一个”，在语意上虽为复数，但作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 (1)More than one worker has(have) been dismissed so far. (2)不要因这个荒谬的错误责备你儿子。事实上，他比你更沮丧。 Don’t blame your son for this absurd mistake.In fact，he is more frustrated than you. (3)与其说一些著名的科幻作家是小说家，不如说他们是预言者。 Some famous science fiction writers are more predictors than novelists. (4)(话题写作之人物介绍)我最尊敬的人是我的英语老师，他非常乐意帮助我们学英语。他不仅仅是我们的老师，他还是我们的亲密朋友。 The person I respect most is my English teacher，who is more than willing to help us with English studies.He is more than our teacher and he is also our close friend. (5) 我们班有40多名学生，与其说他们聪明不如说他们勤奋。 There are more than forty students in our class，who are more hard-working than clever. It＋be＋adj.＋that从句 教材原句　Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot，but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him.克莱尔觉得一个机器人对她表示同情十分荒谬，但她逐渐欣赏托尼的智慧和正直，并且开始信任他。(P2) “It＋be＋adj.＋that从句”是固定句式，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。it作形式主语的常用句式： (1)It＋be＋adj.＋that从句 (2)It＋be＋过去分词(said，thought，hoped，believed，reported...)＋that从句 (3)It＋不及物动词(seem，occur，happen)＋that从句 (1)显然他有强烈的欲望接管这家公司。 It is obvious that he has an urge to take over the company. (2)(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)双胞胎突然想起他们可以为亲爱的妈妈做一顿美味的母亲节早餐。 It occurred to the twins that they could cook a delicious Mother’s Day breakfast for their beloved mother. (3)人们希望把中国传统文化传播到世界。 It is hoped that our traditional Chinese cultures should be spread to the world. (4)(2023·浙江1月，读后续写)碰巧我救了一只浑身是蜘蛛网、无法逃脱的蜂鸟。 It happened that I saved a hummingbird that was covered in spiderwebs，unable to escape. Ⅰ.一词多义 dismiss vt. A.解散　B.解雇　C.消除顾虑等　D.拒绝考虑 1．What he said just now dismissed doubts from my mind. C 2．To the students’ joy，the class was dismissed early today. A 3．He just laughed and dismissed my proposal as unrealistic. D 4．He was dismissed from his job for being unqualified. B Ⅱ.熟词生义 1．The company has to suspend the space exploration project due to financial problems.v.暂停 2．He holds an appointment in the English Department at present.n.职务 3．The ancient castle is still there，but not in its integrity.n.完整 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．My son was not guilty for/at/about his absurd mistake. 2．In the science fiction film，aliens declared war on/against human beings due to some unexpected matters. 3．I persuaded my niece to read(read) English for twenty minutes on a daily basis. 4．I would be grateful if you could allow me to test (test) out the new camera. 5．Why the bomb exploded was being investigated(investigate) at this time yesterday. 6．I promise to keep(keep) my appointment and then I will tell you the whole event in detail. 7．I strongly suggest that such a ridiculous idea (should) be deserted(desert) right away. 8．With maximum efforts，the salesman managed to achieve(achieve) his initial goal. 9．Walking in the fields on a March afternoon，the saleswoman felt the warmth(warm) of spring. 10．He said he didn’t believe the rumour and that he had belief in me. Ⅱ.选词填空 1．I asked the salesman to accompany me to the supermarket when he had spare time. 2．Even though he prejudiced against me，I wasn’t annoyed with him. 3．He was working on his new novel when his daughter entered. 4．He said，“I make sure that your pet dog will be looked after by me during your holiday.” 5．I often correspond with my e-pal who is more like my life instructor. Ⅲ.完成句子(话题写作之未来工作) 1．我非常担心人类的工作将来被机器人代替，因此，我写信向你求助。 I am more than worried that humans’ jobs will be replaced by robots in the future，so I am writing to ask you a favour. 2．现今，越来越多的机器人被委派代替工人工作。 Nowadays more and more robots are appointed to work instead of workers. 3．因此，越来越多的人被免除了职务。 Thus，more and more people are dismissed from their positions. 4．显而易见，许多人正承担着巨大的压力。 It is obvious that many people are shouldering much pressure. 5．这就是我所担心的。(such引导的倒装句) Such is what I am concerned about. Ⅳ.阅读理解 How would human beings react if we found out we’re not alone in the universe? What if we knew an alien civilization was to invade(入侵) Earth? What would we do? These are the questions asked in The Three-Body Problem.When a secret military project sends signals into space to get in touch with aliens，an alien civilization in face of destruction receives the signals and plans to invade Earth.Meanwhile，on Earth，people begin to separate into different groups：those who welcome aliens and those who want to fight against them. The novel was written by Chinese author Liu Cixin and published in 2008.Translated into English in 2014 and almost 20 languages since，it was called an absolute “must-read in any language” by Booklist magazine.Liu has won several awards for it and in 2015，he became the first Asian to win the Hugo Award for Best Novel，the highest award in science fiction. Just from the title，one could imagine that the text might be heavy with physics terms(术语)．But as US writer Jason Heller said：“Indeed this science fiction is full of lengthy passages explaining technical terms.But Liu Cixin supports all of that burning-brain theory with empathetic(感同身受的) characters and thrilling story plots.” At the very heart of science fiction—and what makes it truly appealing to readers—is the concept of an uncertain future.This allows the author to push the boundaries of readers’ imaginations.Liu fully uses this approach to keep readers anxiously turning the page.While reading，they ask themselves，“What would I do？” In an interview with The New York Times，Liu said，“China is on the path of rapid modernization and progress，kind of like the US during the golden age of science fiction in the 1930s to the 1960s.The future in the people’s eyes is full of attractions and hope，but also threats and challenges.That makes for very fertile soil.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇书评，主要介绍了刘慈欣的作品《三体》的故事梗概、取得的成就等。 1．Why does the author ask the 3 questions in paragraph 1? A．To warn us of the crisis Earth is faced with. B．To introduce the novel The Three-Body Problem. C．To show the author’s worries about Earth. D．To remind us to watch out for alien civilizations. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。由第二段首句可知，作者在开篇提出三个问题是为了引出文章的话题——《三体》这本小说。故选B。 2．What can we know about the novel according to the passage? A．It is about a fight between aliens and an army on Earth. B．It was translated into many languages once published. C．It has gained worldwide recognition and great success. D．It targets the readers with a good knowledge of physics. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句可知，该小说被翻译成20多种语言、被称为“任何语言的必读书”，刘慈欣也因此获得了多个奖项，即该小说获得了世界性的认可，大获成功。故选C。 3．What does the underlined part in paragraph 5 refer to? A．Explaining very difficult physics terms. B．Exploring the boundaries of readers’ imaginations. C．Applying the concept of an uncertain future. D．Encouraging readers to ask themselves questions. 答案　C 解析　代词指代题。根据第五段前两句可知，第二句中的This和第三句中的this approach指代相同，都是指第一句中“不确定的未来”这一概念。故选C。 4．What does Liu mean in the last paragraph? A．China is now in the golden age of science fiction. B．The US authors can’t create science fiction now. C．Now Chinese people are confused about the future. D．China’s progress mainly depends on fertile soil. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“China is on the path...like the US during the golden age of science fiction in the 1930s to the 1960s.”可知，刘慈欣用类比的方式说明中国现在和三十至六十年代的美国一样，处于科幻小说发展的黄金时代。故选A。 Ⅴ.完形填空 As physician Michael Shannon drove，a semitruck had suddenly pulled onto the road in front of him.The physician had no time to 1 .“I can remember the sound of breaking glass，and then everything stopped，” he recalls.After that，he knew he had to get out fast.But he was 2 . Help arrived almost instantly.Paramedic(急救护理人员) Chris Trokey could immediately see how urgent it was.The whole front end of the car was 3 under the body of the semi. After 20 minutes’ tense 4 ，Trokey sat with him in the back of an ambulance. 5 ，the paramedic began to 6 the crash victim’s name：Michael Shannon.He wondered whether this could be the same man who had 7 his own life 30 years ago，when he was a preemie(早产儿) and arrived at the very same 8 they were headed to with a life-threatening high temperature；the doctor who slept by Trokey’s side in the hospital until he was 9 enough to go home.At this moment，the feeling of 10 grew stronger. Shannon recognized Chris’s name at once，too.Although he has 11 more children than he can remember，it’s the ones who need him most who 12 in his mind.Both men are amazed at the 13 .They say this feeling—of having someone enter your life at a 14 time and watch over you until you are well，of giving a gift 15 expectations and then getting it back when you need it most—has given them faith in a higher power. 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了急救护理人员Chris Trokey救治了三十年前救治过他的医生Michael Shannon的故事。 1．A.prepare B．think C．react D．wonder 答案　C 解析　根据上文“a semitruck had suddenly pulled onto the road in front of him”可知，医生没有时间作出反应。故选C。 2．A.pinned B．stopped C．interrupted D．lost 答案　A 解析　根据下文“The whole front end of the car was under the body of the semi.”可知，他的汽车被半挂车压住，他不能动弹。故选A。 3．A.fixed B．folded C．tied D．spread 答案　B 解析　根据上文“a semitruck had suddenly pulled onto the road in front of him”可推知，汽车的整个前端都被压在半挂车的车身下面。故选B。 4．A.separation B．observation C．transport D．rescue 答案　D 解析　根据上文“Help arrived almost instantly.”可知，此处指经过20分钟的紧张救援。故选D。 5．A.Besides B．However C．Meanwhile D．Therefore 答案　C 解析　根据上文的“sat with him”和下文的“began to ”可推知，前后两个动作并无逻辑上的转折或因果关系，所以“与此同时”符合语境。故选C。 6．A.reflect on B．look for C．track down D．turn up 答案　A 解析　reflect on反思；look for寻找；track down追踪；turn up出现。根据下文“He wondered”可知，他开始思考车祸受害者的名字。故选A。 7．A.cherished B．risked C．valued D．saved 答案　D 解析　cherish珍视；risk冒险；value 重视；save挽救。根据下文“his own life 30 years ago...high temperature”可知，此处指30年前救了他一命的那个人。故选D。 8．A.home B．hospital C．office D．clinic 答案　B 解析　根据常识可知，既然高烧已经危及生命，就要去医院就医。故选B。 9．A.well B．relieved C．relaxed D．fortunate 答案　A 解析　根据“enough to go home”可知，此处指直到他康复回家。故选A。 10．A.belonging B．recognition C．loss D．responsibility 答案　B 解析　根据下文“Shannon recognized Chris’s name at once，too.”可知，认出这就是救过他命的医生的感觉越来越强烈。故选B。 11．A.transformed B．owned C．educated D．treated 答案　D 解析　根据上文“As physician Michael Shannon”可知，作为医生，他治疗过的孩子比他能记住的要多。故选D。 12．A.fail B．stick C．leave D．appear 答案　B 解析　根据上文可知，他救治过的孩子比他能记住的要多，但能留在他脑海的是那些最需要他的孩子。故选B。 13．A.relationship B．friendship C．connection D．satisfaction 答案　C 解析　根据上文的叙述以及下文“this feeling”可知，两人都对这种联系感到惊讶。故选C。 14．A.dangerous B．bright C．sensible D．critical 答案　D 解析　根据上文Chris Trokey当年被Michael Shannon救治以及如今Chris Trokey对Michael Shannon的护理可知，此处指在你生命的关键时刻进入你的生活。故选D。 15．A.beyond B．with C．without D．in 答案　C 解析　根据上文“the doctor who slept by Trokey’s side in the hospital until he was enough to go home”可知，有人在你生命的关键时刻进入你的生活，照顾你直到你康复，却不期望任何回报。故选C。 Ⅵ.语法填空 Career training comes in all forms.As 1. important part of career training，online training has helped raise the skill levels of employees and make them better prepared for the job market.Government departments have made a series of policies to inspire workers to 2. (active) take part in online career training.Before April 18,2020,31 provinces 3. (set) up websites for online training companies.Besides，the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security intended to work with some network companies and introduce digital courses covering 4. (many) than 100 jobs. In order to encourage people 5. (take) online training，the ministry will provide subsidies(补助金) for the workers 6. receive online training.Some provinces have come up 7. a series of new measures so as to ensure the quality of online career training. 8． is important that interactive platforms for online training should be built，such as filming courses in the workshop，so that people can gain access to more 9. (practice) skills.What’s more，it’s also necessary to strengthen the 10. (guide) of online training companies and set standards related to the content and duration of the courses. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是职业培训的好处和形式以及国家为了鼓励人们参加在线培训所作的努力。 1．答案　an 解析　考查冠词。part是可数名词，在此表泛指，前面需加不定冠词，important是元音音素开头，因此不定冠词用an。 2．答案　actively 解析　考查副词。空格处用副词作状语，修饰动词短语take part in。故填actively。 3．答案　had set 解析　考查动词时态。根据Before April 18,2020可知，句子时态用过去完成时，表示一个在过去的过去完成的动作。故填had set。 4．答案　more 解析　考查比较级。由than可知，空格处用比较级more。 5．答案　to take 解析　考查非谓语动词。encourage sb to do sth意为“鼓励某人做某事”。 6．答案　who/that 解析　考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空格处引导的是定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词workers是人，因此空格处用关系代词who/that。 7．答案　with 解析　考查介词。come up with是固定短语，意为“提出”。 8．答案　It 解析　考查代词。分析句子可知，此处为固定句型it is＋adj.＋to do sth，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式；且空格处位于句首，单词首字母应大写。故填It。 9．答案　practical 解析　考查形容词。分析句子可知，空格处应用形容词作定语，修饰后面的skills。故填practical。 10．答案　guidance 解析　考查名词。分析句子可知，空格处应用名词作动词strengthen的宾语。故填guidance。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$