Unit 1 Period 1 Reading Comprehension-【步步高】2023-2024学年高二英语选择性必修第四册（人教版2019）

20,000 LEAGUES UNDER THE SEA The crash was so violent1 that I have no clear recollection of falling from the boat. Might I hope to be saved? The darkness was intense. I saw a black mass disappearing in the east. It was the boat! I was lost. “Help，help！” I shouted, swimming towards the boat in desperation2. I was sinking! I couldn’t breathe! “Help！” My mouth filled with water; I struggled against being drawn deeper, deeper down. Suddenly I felt myself quickly drawn up to the surface of the sea; and I heard these words：“If master would be so good as to hold onto my shoulder, master would swim with much greater ease3. ” I grabbed4 my faithful Conseil’s arm with one hand. “Is it you？” said I. “Myself，” answered Conseil. “That crash threw you as well as me into the sea？” “No; but, being in my master’s service, I followed him.” Conseil was cool and calm. Nevertheless, our situation was no less terrible. Near one o’clock in the morning, I suddenly felt terribly tired. Conseil had to keep me up, and our preservation5 depended on him alone. “Leave me! Leave me！” I said to him. “Never！” replied he. “I would drown6 first.” “Help! Help！” cried Conseil. It seemed to me as if a cry answered him. There was no mistake! A human voice responded to ours! Then, I know not why, the thought of the strange, terrible animal came into my head for the first time! But that voice! I had almost no strength left; my fingers could hardly move; my mouth, opening and closing, filled with salt water. I became colder and colder. I raised my head for the last time, then I sank. At this moment a hard body struck7 me. I held onto it; then I felt that I was being drawn up, that I was brought to the surface of the water, that my chest collapsed—my eyes closed, unconscious8. I soon woke up, and half opened my eyes. I saw a face which I immediately recognised. “Ned！” I cried. “The same, sir！” replied the Canadian. (节选自北师大版新教材选择性必修第三册 Unit 8) 词汇积累 1．violent/'vaɪələnt/adj.强烈的；暴力的 2．desperation/ˌdespə'reɪʃən/n.绝望；拼命，不顾一切 3．ease/iːz/n.轻易，毫不费劲 4．grab/ɡræb/vt.攫取，抓住 5．preservation/ˌprezə'veɪʃən/n.维护；保持；保存 6．drown/draʊn/vi.& vt.(使)淹死，(使)溺毙 7．strike/straɪk/vi.& vt.打，击，撞；突然发生不幸 n．罢工；打击 8．unconscious/ʌn'kɒnʃəs/adj.不省人事的，失去知觉的 Period 1　Reading and Thinking—Reading Comprehension Ⅰ.匹配单词 1．bonus　　 A．the money that you pay to travel by bus，plane，taxi，etc. 2．dignity B．say sth officially or publicly 3．fare C．feeling ashamed because you have done sth that you know is wrong 4．presume D．an extra amount of money that is added to a payment，especially to sb’s wages as a reward 5．declare E．the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles 6．guilty F．a calm and serious manner that deserves respect 7．integrity G．suppose that sth is true，although you do not have actual proof 答案　1.D　2.F　3.A　4.G　5.B　6.C　7.E Ⅱ.选词填空 1．He is more like a friend than our English teacher. 2．She worked as a secretary，or rather，a personal assistant. 3．The new machine is being tested out by some scientists. 4．Turning around，you will see the bookstore on your left. 5．Now I am looking after my sick mother，so I can’t go to the cinema with you. Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 1．Whose satisfaction do you think will be guaranteed? Claire. 2．What does the word “adapted” mean? It’s a selected part from a novel. 3．What kind of genre(体裁) is this passage? A．Practical writing(应用文)． B．Narration(记叙文)． C．Exposition(说明文)． D．Argumentation(议论文)． 答案　B 4．Read the passage carefully and fill in the blanks. (1)Who：Sort out the relationships between major characters. Claire：a housewife Larry：Claire’s husband；worked for a company making robots Tony：a household robot tested out by Claire Gladys：one of the richest and most powerful women around；envied by Claire (2)When：Claire’s husband was away on a business trip for three weeks. (3)Where：At Claire’s home. (4)Why：To test out a household robot. (5)What：It is mainly about how a household robot was tested out in a family. (6)How：How does the story develop? Step 2　细读——逐段获取细节 Read the text carefully and do the following exercises. Ⅰ.Read for plots development. 1．Para.1：Setting(背景) What’s the author’s purpose in writing paragraph 1? A．To attract the readers’ interest. B．To make the story interesting. C．To stress the importance of the robot. D．To give some background information. 答案　D 2．Para.2：Beginning(故事开端) Why did Claire feel alarmed at the sight of Tony? A．Because he was a robot. B．Because she didn’t like him. C．Because he was more like a human being than a machine. D．Because he never changed his facial expression. 答案　C 3．Paras.3－8：Development(故事发展) (1)Claire’s problems： ①She was not clever. ②Her house was not elegant enough. ③She was not like Gladys Claffern. ④The saleswoman was rude to her. ⑤She fell off a ladder. (2)How did Tony help her? ①He gave her a new hairstyle and improved the makeup she wore. ②He made the saleswoman change her attitude. ③He transformed the house completely. ④He suggested throwing a party in her house. ⑤He managed to catch her in time from the next room. 4．Para.9：Climax(故事高潮) What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Tony fell in love with Claire. B．Tony would have a rest that night. C．Tony would stay with Claire forever. D．Tony，the robot，needed to be improved. 答案　A Ⅱ.Read for emotional development Figure out the changes of Claire’s feelings towards Tony. A．was alarmed B．felt admired and trusted C．felt embarrassed D．felt shy & nervous E．disliked F．felt thankful (1)before Tony arrived：E (2)when she first saw Tony：A (3)when Tony asked if he should help her get dressed：C (4)when Tony offered sympathy：ridiculous，B (5)when Tony helped her talk to the saleswoman：F (6)when Claire fell，Tony caught and held her，feeling his warmth：D Ⅲ.Analyse the structure Step 3　读后——续写 Ⅰ.续写要求 根据课文内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 注意：续写词数应为150左右。 Then the front door bell rang. The next morning a car drove up and took Tony away. Ⅱ.续写关键点拨 1．根据明线、暗线、高潮预测故事的结局 (1)Claire对Tony从排斥、警觉，到接受、信任，再到被深深吸引、喜欢上Tony 是语篇叙事的明线。 (2)故事以Tony对女主人做出亲昵的举动，并倾诉了不合常规的表白作为结束，故事在高潮处戛然而止，留下悬念，需要续写出结局。 (3)文章暗线：机器人测试，因此要推断机器人的结局。 2．抓伏笔，为续写作铺垫 (1)Although it was completely innocent，Claire felt guilty.(Para.6) [续写照应]　Tony was a robot，so there was no crisis in Claire’s marriage.Why did Claire feel guilty？She might have fallen in love with Tony before she knew it. (2)He suggested that she invite Gladys and her friends to the house the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return.(Para.7) [续写照应]　Gladys and her friends all admired her beauty.Claire even heard Gladys saying that she envied her，especially when she saw the handsome robot. (3)She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her the next day，and that he felt more than just the desire to please her.Then the front door bell rang.(Para.9) [续写照应]　Why didn’t Tony want to leave? Did he fall in love with Claire? Or he just did it as it had been programmed? Did he leave or stay at last? 3．提问题，推断情节发展 Para.1 •What did the guests see and feel at the party? •What happened between Claire and Gladys? •What happened between Claire and Tony? How did she feel? Para.2 •What happened to Claire and was she eventually satisfied? •What happened to Tony? •Did he pass the test? •Why was he taken away? 4．参考词汇 松开(某人)let go (of sb) 不辜负某人live up to sb 从视线消失disappear/vanish from sight 受到好评be well received 对……满意be satisfied/content/pleased with... 对……印象深刻be impressed by 低声对某人说whisper to sb/utter to sb in a low voice 嫉妒/羡慕某人envy/admire sb 某人突然想到……it occurs to sb that... 重建/升级rebuild/update 代替，取代replace/take the place of 不能容忍某人做某事can’t have sb doing sth 范文赏读 Then the front door bell rang.Tony let her go and disappeared from sight.It was then that Claire realized that Tony had opened the curtains of the front window.Her guests had seen everything! The women were impressed by Claire，the house and the delicious cuisine.Just before they left，Claire heard Gladys whispering to another woman that she had never seen anyone so handsome as Tony.What a sweet victory to be envied by those women! She might not be as beautiful as them，but none of them had such a handsome lover.Then she remembered—Tony was just a machine.She shouted “Leave me alone” and ran to her bed.She cried all night. The next morning a car drove up and took Tony away.The company was very pleased with Tony’s report on his three weeks with Claire.Tony had protected a human being from harm when he prevented Claire from falling off a ladder.He had also opened the curtains that night so that the other women would see him and Claire，which would make them envy Claire.But even though Tony had been so clever，he would have to be rebuilt—you cannot have women falling in love with machines. Step 4　总结——课文语法填空 A robot named Tony was sent to Claire’s house 1.to be tested(test) out.He looked like a real man，tall and handsome with smooth hair 2.and a deep voice. Not only did he look like a human，but he 3.behaved(behave) like a real man.He did everything to comfort Claire.He prepared breakfast in 4.the morning.He even tried to help Claire get 5.dressed(dress)，which made Claire feel embarrassed.When he heard that Claire was not 6.satisfied(satisfy) with her house，he began to improve it.When he learned that Claire was jealous of another lady，he helped to improve 7.her(she) makeup and make Gladys and her friends admire Claire by 8.holding(hold) a party at home. Tony was only a robot，but he could do and think 9.exactly(exact) like a real man.10.What an excellent science fiction story it is! Step 5　解读——长句难句分析 1．Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot，but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him. [句式分析]　此句是由but连接的并列复合句。第一个分句中thought后是省略了that的宾语从句，在该从句中it作形式主语，that引导的从句作真正的主语。 [自主翻译]　克莱尔觉得一个机器人对她表示同情十分荒谬，但她逐渐欣赏托尼的智慧和正直，并且开始信任他。 2．She told him how she was unhappy that her home wasn’t elegant enough for Larry，who wanted to improve his social position with a bigger salary. [句式分析]　此句为主从复合句。how引导宾语从句；that引导宾语从句；who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰Larry。 [自主翻译]　克莱尔告诉托尼自己多么的不开心，因为拉里觉得家里不够雅致；拉里想通过涨工资来提高社会地位。 3．As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops，he wrote out a list of things that he would need for his work on the house. [句式分析]　此句是主从复合句。As引导原因状语从句；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词things。 [自主翻译]　由于托尼被禁止陪同克莱尔去商店，所以他开具了一张装修房子所需材料的清单。 4．As she turned around，there stood Gladys Claffern. [句式分析]　此句是主从复合句。As引导时间状语从句，as意为“当……时候”；主句部分为there开头的完全倒装句。 [自主翻译]　当她转过身来，却看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬正站在那里。 5．By that time，Tony expected that the house，which was being completely transformed，would be ready. [句式分析]　此句是主从复合句。that引导宾语从句，从句主语为 the house，谓语为would be ready；which引导的是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the house。 [自主翻译]　到那个时候，托尼预计这栋正在彻底改造的房子将大功告成。 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Here are some of the science fiction books editors and readers have read and loved. The Calculating Stars(By Mary Robinette Kowal) What if space exploration isn’t a choice but a necessity，driven by the knowledge that Earth would soon become unfit to live? That’s what novelist Mary Robinette Kowal explores in her Lady Astronaut of Mars series.The book follows the mathematician and pilot Elma York，who dreams of becoming an astronaut herself. Red Moon(By Kim Stanley Robinson) Red Moon instantly transports the readers to the moon.The book opens with the journeys of Fred Fredericks，an American physicist，and Ta Shu，a famous Chinese travel reporter to the moon to work.In the world of the book，China has become the first political entity(实体) by virtue of advanced technology to live on the moon in a serious，long­term way. Before Mars(By Emma Newman) Emma Newman’s science fiction sees a geologist arrives at a small Mars base after a lengthy journey，only to realize that things aren’t as they seem.The base’s AI is untrustworthy，and the main character finds a note by herself she has no memory of writing，which warns her not to trust the base psychologist.Can she trust the sights before her? Or has the long trip damaged her mind? Artemis(By Andy Weir) In his second novel Artemis，Andy Weir follows Jasmine Jazz Bashara，a porter on the moon who’s drawn into danger.Artemis is an entertaining read through an attractive future moon base，with plenty of one­sixth­gravity action and memorable twists.It’s well worth reading.Plus，there’s a talking book version read by Rosario Dawson. 语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四本科幻小说。 1．Why do humans explore space in Lady Astronaut of Mars series? A．To find life forms in outer space. B．To develop science and technology. C．To deepen their knowledge of space. D．To search for a new planet to live on. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据“The Calculating Stars”部分中的“What if space exploration isn’t a choice but a necessity...in her Lady Astronaut of Mars series.”可知，在该系列小说中，人类探索太空是为了寻找一颗新的行星来居住。故选D。 2．What can we read in Red Moon? A．People are transported to the moon. B．China has been a technological superpower. C．The main characters like travelling on the moon. D．Conflicts take place among different countries. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据“Red Moon”部分最后一句可知，在这本书里，中国凭借先进的科技而成为第一个长居月球的政治实体，即已经成为一个科技上的超级大国。故选B。 3．Which book is suitable for people fond of listening to books? A．The Calculating Stars. B．Red Moon. C．Artemis. D．Before Mars. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据“Artemis”部分最后一句可知，这本书有“有声读物”版本，因此适合喜欢听书的人。故选C。 B (2023·江西萍乡高二期末) The words “caring” and “empathetic”(共情的) aren’t ones normally associated with technology.Yearsley，an Australian enterpriser who is expert in artificial intelligence (AI)，is trying to change that. Yearsley is the founder of Akin，a robotics startup that currently uses a tablet­based system to help users manage the tasks related to home life，whether that’s planning meals or reminding you to pay your cellphone bill.Current home devices made by Google or Amazon or Apple use predictive AI to track patterns，strengthen behaviors and manipulate(操纵) buying decisions，some of which，she assumes，are questionable or just unhealthy. In contrast，the AI that she is developing will be designed to run the human home，encouraging healthful decisions such as taking a nightly walk，refilling the fridge and supporting social interactions like lunches or birthday celebrations with friends.“It’s the hardest AI I have ever built for it’s a complex system，” Yearsley says. Yearsley began developing the Akin technology in 2017，when she realized the need to better manage the home is hugely ignored.Besides，she realized that women unequally bear the burden of household work.A United Nations report estimates that women do 2.6 times the amount of unpaid care and domestic work that men do，or close to 30 hours per week in the U．S.alone. While Yearsley pictures an army of robots someday helping with routine homemade tasks，the first display for Akin will take time and money.Akin has received some early seed money from a handful of investors，and was recently selected as a finalist for tech giant LG Nova’s Mission for the Future program，an annual challenge that seeks to identify businesses having potential to improve life and lead society into the future. 语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。机器人初创公司Akin的创始人Yearsley正在开发的人工智能系统将为用户带来人性化的家庭管理服务。 4．What might the Akin’s AI system suggest? A．Consuming more drinks to enjoy yourself. B．Purchasing products that may attract you. C．Staying up late working to make more money. D．Spending more time staying with your family. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段第一句可知，Akin的人工智能将被设计用于管理人类的家庭、鼓励健康的决定。因此推断，该系统可能会建议你与家人一起度过更多时间。故选D。 5．What made Yearsley develop the Akin’s AI system? A．Heavy burden of women. B．The high cost of current home devices. C．Financial support from investors. D．Akin’s becoming a finalist for a program. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，促使Yearsley研发AI系统的因素之一就是女性的沉重负担。故选A。 6．What can be used to describe the Akin’s AI system? A．Popular and promising. B．Stable and secure. C．Thoughtful and innovative. D．Mature and ideal. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段第二句和第三段第一句可知，区别于现有的智能家居系统，Akin公司的人工智能系统更多考虑用户的身心健康，可推知它是考虑周到的且新颖的。故选C。 7．What’s the purpose of the text? A．To introduce a futuristic AI system. B．To compare two companies’ AI systems. C．To call on people to care about housewives. D．To seek support for an AI expert. 答案　A 解析　写作意图题。根据最后一段最后一句并结合全文可知，本文的目的是介绍Akin公司的一套极具未来感的人工智能系统。故选A。 C Once upon a time，science fiction was just a style among other styles.There were crime stories，there were horror stories，there was literary fiction，and there was science fiction.But today science themes dominate these other styles.It’s difficult to think of much modern crime，horror or “serious” fiction that doesn’t involve science. Although some experts have claimed to be able to trace sci­fi back to ancient times，it is more reasonable to find it in initial form in the 19th century when industrial societies arose.One of the features that set industrial societies apart was the increasing part that science played in everyday life.Factories with vast machines turned out huge quantities of goods.Cities were built on the back of technology，with electricity helping everyone to lead healthier，more convenient lives.All of these changes had great effects not only on people’s real lives，but on their imaginative ones. Writers began to describe these changes in physical and mental landscapes，eventually giving science fiction a large and devoted fan base of especially young readers，who found that it spoke to their curiosity about the future that science would create. But sci­fiction reflected fears about science rather than hopes.These typical early science fiction novels might be a UK novel like H．G.Wells’ The War of the World’s (1897)．With great skill，Wells played upon the fears of technology by imagining Earth under threat by a civilization—that of men from Mars. The science fiction of today expresses the impact of the computing revolution，robotics and our environmental challenges，while it is less concerned with “little green men from Mar” and other themes of past sci­fiction.Given that science，technology and polities are always intertwined，contemporary science fiction often has a great deal to say about power.This underlines one of the features that remains constant between the beginnings of the empire of science fiction and its state today. As then，so now：We want to read about how fearful the future will be，not how it will be a paradise. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科幻小说的起源和发展变迁。 8．What can we know according to the first paragraph? A．Science fiction used to take the leadership in literature. B．Science fiction was born from horror stories and literary fiction. C．Modern fiction reflects the influence of science fiction. D．Science fiction is the dominant literature style at the present time. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句可知，如今科技主题在各种现代小说中都有重要作用，由此可推知，现代小说受到了科幻小说的影响。故选C。 9．What caused science fiction to appear in the 19th century? A．The curiosity of young readers about the future. B．The changes that the industrial revolution brought about. C．People’s stretched imagination affected by their real life. D．People’s fears about science rather than hopes. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段第一句和最后一句可知，工业革命带来的变化导致科幻小说出现在19世纪。故选B。 10．What do we know about the early science fiction? A．It aroused people’s curiosity of science about daily life. B．It increased people’s worries about the social problems. C．It promoted people’s understanding of the true value of science. D．It conveyed an atmosphere of imaginary anxieties to people. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But sci­fiction reflected fears about science rather than hopes.”以及下文Wells的例子可知，早期的科幻小说向人们传达了一种虚构的恐怖气氛。故选D。 11．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．The Impact of Science Fiction B．The Development of Science Fiction C．The Content of Science Fiction D．The Characteristic of Science Fiction 答案　B 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文尤其是第二段第一句和第五段第一句可知，文章介绍了科幻小说的起源以及发展变迁，因此B项“科幻小说的发展”最适合作为文章标题。故选B。 Ⅱ.七选五 Rise of the Robots The word “robot” was created in 1920 by the Czech playwright Karel Capek，who imagined artificial，fully functional servants.For most of their history，however，robots have been silent，inelegant devices sitting out of sight in factories. Things are starting to change，however.Robots have benefited from rapid innovations in smartphones，which brought cameras，sensors and wireless communications. 1 Robots are leaving industrial settings for everyday life and，will work in supermarkets，social care and much more. 2 Many industries are facing a shortage of labour nowadays when emergencies appear now and then.Robots are now indispensable，picking items off shelves and helping people pack a rising numbers of boxes.They are even beginning to deliver goods or food right to people’s doors. 3 And yet many people fear that robots will destroy jobs. 4 The evidence suggests robots will be disruptive(扰乱性的) but ultimately beneficial for labour markets.A Yale University study that looked at Japanese manufacturing between 1978 and 2017 found that an increase of one robot unit per 1,000 workers boosted a company’s employment by 2.2%. For all that，the march of the robots will bring big changes to workplaces. 5 The potential gains from the robot revolution are huge.In Capek’s play，the robots went against their human masters and cause mass unemployment and worse.The beginnings of the world’s real robots have not matched Capek’s satire (讽刺)．There is no reason to think that their future needs to either. A．They could not be coming at a better time. B．But that need not be the disaster many fear. C．In fact，concerns about mass unemployment are overblown. D．The use of advanced technologies lead to increases in hiring. E．Having more robots to boost productivity would be a good thing. F．Firms should recognize the value of retraining and lifelong learning. G．Recent advances in machine learning have equipped them to make wiser decisions. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“机器人”这个词的来源以及后来“机器人”的崛起。 1．答案　G 解析　空处上一句介绍科技创新带给机器人的进步和发展，而G项“机器学习的最新进展使它们能够作出更明智的决定”则是这种发展的结果，Recent advances与上一句中的rapid innovations呼应。故选G。 2．答案　A 解析　根据空处下句的“Many industries are facing a shortage of labour nowadays”可知，这是对A选项“它们来得正是时候”的解释。故选A。 3．答案　E 解析　根据空前两句可知，机器人的广泛应用可以提高效率，而E选项“拥有更多的机器人来提高生产率将是一件好事”承接上文，符合语境。故选E。 4．答案　C 解析　空前一句提到很多人担心机器人将摧毁岗位，空后两句则表明机器人实际对就业有促进作用，所以C选项“事实上，对大规模失业的担忧被夸大了”承上启下，符合语境。故选C。 5．答案　B 解析　空处上句指出机器人的进步将为工作场所带来巨大变化，下句则说到机器人变革的潜在收益是巨大的。所以B选项“但机器人的发展不会成为许多人担心的灾难”承上启下，符合语境。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$