Unit4 Adversity and Courage vocabulary词汇(课件)2024-2025学年英语人教版(2019)选择性必修第三册同步课

Unit 4　 Adversity and Courage Vocabulary Born in a wealthy family, my nephew, Jack, leads such a thoroughly decent and cosy life that he hardly meets with cruel adversities.He has been dreaming of an adventure since he was young. At 18, Jack resolved to join an expedition advertised in the newspaper, but the leader turned him down because he thought Jack was not qualified. Full of vigour, Jack never abandoned his dream for he was so enthusiastic about a great voyage. Fortunately, at 19, he joined the navy but was assigned to be a steward with low wages.On a bitter cold day, the crew went aboard a massive ship bound for Atlantic Ocean. Jack was genuine, good-tempered and loyal and he wasn’t selfish either. He often played the banjo for recreation, so people on the ship all liked him.Unfortunately, one day, the motor broke down and the ship got crushed on a huge iceberg. When the ship sank, their hearts also sank. At that time, the calm captain made a commitment to save them and commanded them to throw away their belongings such as stoves, blankets, bats, cupboards and other pieces of furniture. Finally, they were fortunate enough to escape the ship. It was their endurance, resolution and perseverance that helped them survive. On the distant island, Jack managed to make fire with animal fat, which gave off a smelly smell and then he cooked sea animals. One month later, they were saved by a passing ship. In summary, it has been a miserable but unforgettable episode in Jack’s life. PART Ⅰ adversity in adversity in a dilemma/plight in trouble/misfortune/misery expedition salary n. 月薪或年薪 wage n. (按小时或者按周付的）工资 earnings n.（靠劳动所得到的）收入 income n. 收入、收益 (包括劳动收益、投资收益和其他非劳动收益) pay n. (工作所得的) 薪水，工资，报酬 Black coffee leaves a bitter taste in the mouth. I felt quite bitter about it at the time. The two sides are locked into a bitter dispute. It's really bitter out today. 味苦的 使人悲痛的 激烈而不愉快的 严寒的 同族词：bittersweet bitterly bitterness When teenagers grow up, they find childhood is a bittersweet time. bitter 语义网络图 苦的 bitter 基本义 味道“苦的” （味道）苦的 人的感受“苦的” 因遭受不公平对待感到“苦的” 天气严寒令人“苦的” 辛酸的；痛苦的 充满仇恨（怨恨）的 （天气）严寒的；刺骨的 (1)She is very bitter about losing her job. (2)I’ve learnt from bitter experience not to trust what he says. (3)Outside，a bitter east wind is accompanied by flurries of snow. (4)Traditional Chinese medicine usually tastes bitter and is hard to swallow. (5)With no one to resolve their dispute，the two sides are locked into a bitter conflict. ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ E A A.痛苦的　B.激烈的　C.寒冷的；刺骨的　D.味苦的　E.愤愤不平的 bitter C D B endure can’t endure doing sth endurance endurable Endure 强调长期忍耐困难或痛苦。 Tolerate 强调容忍不喜欢或不认同的事物。 Bear 强调承受情感或责任上的压力。 尽管面临着重重困难，她凭借非凡的忍耐力成功地忍受了这一切，证明了她的精神力量是无比可忍受的. Despite facing numerous difficulties, she successfully endured them with extraordinary endurance, demonstrating that her mental strength is truly endurable. vigour vigorous be full of energy/vigour =be energetic, dynamic, vibrant /ˈvaɪbrənt/ turn sb down （同：_________, ____________，__________） refuse reject decline turn to　 求助于（turn to sb for help）；翻到（书的某页）；转向 turn out　结果是(to be)；证明是 turn up　开大；出现；露面 turn over　翻过来；移交 turn one’s back on sb/sth　对某人/某事置之不理；背弃某人/某事 turn around 转身 好转 (用turn适当的短语填空) ①He asked Jane to marry him but she _____________his proposal. ②Don't forget to ___________ the gas after an hour or so. ③The job ____________ to be harder than we thought. ④We arranged to meet at the cinema at 7.30, but he failed to _____________. ⑤Now we wait for them to ___________ their essays. ⑥In times of crisis I know which friends I can __________. ⑦ They had nowhere to stay so I couldn't ______ them _______. ⑧A prince ____________ a frog in this cartoon fairytale. ⑨After a difficult year, his life finally_______________ when he got a new job. ⑩He ____________ the documents to his lawyer for review. turned down turn down turned out turn up turn in turn to turn away turns into turned around turned over v.(使)...具有资格 ►______________adj.符合资格；具备、知识(或技能、学历) be qualified for sth/ to do sth 有资格做某事 ►_______________n资格; 资历; 学位, 文凭, 证书；条件[C] enthusiastic [ɪnˌθjuːziˈæstɪk ] adj.热情的; 热心的 （同：_________________） ►_______________ n.狂热；积极性；热心 ►_______________ n.热心家, 爱好者, 狂热者 ►_______________ adv.热情地；热心地 qualified qualification passionate enthusiasm enthusiast enthusiastically enthusiasm for enthusiastic about qualify /ɪnˈθjuːziæzəm/ ① She is extremely well qualified_______ the job. ② This man is not qualified ________（drive）the bus. ③ To become a member of the professional association, you must first ___________ by meeting their strict entry requirements and obtaining the necessary ___________. ④They listened with great interest and then_______________(enthusiastic) joined in grand conversations about Harry’s adventures. ⑤Tom was very enthusiastic ________going to America. ⑥I will treat others _____ enthusiasm from now on. ⑦ She never lost her enthusiasm ______teaching. qualify qualification for to drive enthusiastically about in for 1.我参加过几个类似的活动，使我能胜任这个志愿者工作。(应用文写作之申请信) I have taken part in several similar activities，_______________________ ___________________. 2.我的英语很好，我确信我可以胜任这份工作。(应用文写作之申请信) Having a good command of English，______________________________ ____________________________________________. which will qualify me for the voluntary work I’m confident that I will be qualified for the job/have the qualification for/to do the job 16 1.我不仅充满热情而且容易相处，这使得我能胜任报纸上所刊登的志愿者工作。(申请信之个人优势) ，which makes me qualified for the voluntary work advertised in the newspaper. 2.得知您对中国传统文化充满热情，我写信邀请您参加一场关于儒家思想的讲座。(应用文写作之邀请信) ,I am writing to invite you to a lecture on Confucianism. I am not only full of enthusiasm but also easy to get along/on with Learning that you are enthusiastic about traditional Chinese culture aboard board abroad broad =on board The train's about to leave. All aboard! Welcome aboard Flight 6240 to New York.  请大家上车（或船等）！ 欢迎乘坐！ (1)他身材高大，肩膀宽阔，留着胡子，总是满面笑容。(外貌描写) He is tall and a beard and always ____________ ____________. (2)得知你将去国外深造，我写信告知你一些必要的注意事项。 ，I’m writing to inform you of some necessary dos and don’ts. with broad shoulders wears a Learning that you will go abroad for further study broad smile (3)他们在上火车前已经互相道别，但这位母亲一直在向车上的女儿挥手，直到火车消失。 They had said goodbye to each other before _________________________ ，but the mother kept waving hands to _________________ __________until the train went out of sight. going aboard/boarding the train her daughter on board assign 同：allocate v.分派；分配; appoint v任命，委派;distribute分发 ►_______________ n.功课，作业；工作；分配 be assigned to do 被指派做某事 on assignment 受委派，在执行任务中 During the Tree Planting Day，our monitor _______________________ .I _______________ dig the pits and to put soil into the pits. 在植树节期间，我们班长分配给每名学生一个具体的任务。我被派去挖坑，我同桌的任务是往坑里填土。 assigned each student a specific task/assigned a specific task to each student my deskmate’s assignment was was assigned to assignment stewardess steward flight attendant with envy羡慕地；忌妒地 be green with envy忌妒得眼红；十分羡慕/忌妒 envy sb (doing) sth =be envious of羡慕；妒忌 crew n.（集体名词）(轮船、飞机等上面的) 全体工作人员；专业团队；一群人 envy /ˌstjuːəˈdes/ /ˈstuːərdəs/ (1)He said envy，“I am (envy) of you，because you are leading such a cosy and decent life.” (2)老实说，我真羡慕你获得了优秀毕业生的称号，我应该向你学习。 Honestly speaking，I the Excellent Graduate and I should follow your example. (3)我的侄子是一个充满活力和毅力的年轻人，对此我非常羡慕。 My nephew is a young man full of vigour and perseverance，__________ __________________. with envious do envy you getting the title of for which I am green with envy I couldn't get through the crush. Tragedy struck when several people were crushed to death in the crowd. I had a huge crush on her. Investors were seriously worried when the stock market began to crash. 72 people were killed in the plane crash. 拥挤的人群 热恋，迷恋 压坏；压伤 破产，倒闭 失事 Loose lips sink ships. 祸从口出 这是二战时流行的一句著名口号。当时到处挂着的宣传画上都可以看到这样的警句。 这句话告诫人们，战争年代到处都可能有敌人的间谍和奸细，如果我们口疏泄密，随时都可能引起重大的破坏和事故。 Life and Death ——Walter Savage Landor I strove with none for none was worth my strife; Nature I loved, and, next to nature, art I warmed both hands before the fire of life; It sinks, and I am ready to depart. 读下面的诗歌并体会sink的含义 生与死 ——（译）杨绛 我和谁都不争， 和谁争我都不屑； 我爱大自然， 其次是艺术； 我双手烤着生命之火取暖； 火萎了， 我也准备走了。 The wheels started to sink into the mud. She sank back into her seat, exhausted. The pound has sunk to its lowest recorded level against the dollar. She just sat there, sunk in thought. Don't just leave your dirty plates in the sink! 陷入不快（或沉思） 翻译： 1.当我看到考试成绩时，我的心一沉。 My heart sank when I saw the exam results. 2.她叹了口气，一屁股坐在椅子上。 She let out a sigh and sank into a chair. 陷入 瘫倒在 跌至 水槽 sink 语义网络图 sink 下沉；下落 基本义 船下沉 （具体物） 身体下沉 （由物及人） 情绪下沉 （由具体到抽象） 程度上下沉 （由具体到抽象） 降低；减弱 高度下沉 （高度） 消沉；陷入 （高度）下降 倒下；坐下 （使）下沉；（使）沉没 ①He abandoned himself to despair. ②He gave the order to abandon ship. ③Even in his darkest moments, Beethoven never abandoned hope. ④People find all sorts of excuses for abandoning an animal. ⑤People jumped and shouted with abandon. 陷入 弃船 放弃希望 遗弃动物 毫无顾忌地，放纵地 1.你沉湎于过去的辉煌是不明智的，你应该记住，不进则退。 _______________________________________________________________，and you should keep in mind that not to advance is to go back. 2.一开始，由于害怕被人嘲笑，大卫打算放弃参加越野跑。幸运的是，他最终鼓起勇气决定参加跑步。虽然他是最后一个到达终点线的，但其他孩子们依旧纵情欢呼，不是为结果，而是为他坚定的决心。 In the beginning, afraid of being laughed at, David meant to abandon taking part in the cross-country run. Fortunately, he eventually gathered up bravery and decided on running. Although he was the last one to reach the finish line, the other children cheered with abandon, not for the result but for his strong determination. It is unwise of you to abandon yourself to/be abandoned to the past glory stove oven microwave oven belongings n.(pl.) SYN： a sense of belonging possessions, property belong to blanket carpet banjo miserable misery voyage navy navigate v.导航 navigation n.导航;航行 /ɪkˈskɜːʃn/ decent food / meal decent job / salary / place to live decent citizens/people That dress isn't decent. 不错的 像样的 正派的或守规矩 雅观的 cosy SYN: (snug, comfortable, intimate and friendly) cosily adv. 舒适地 cosiness n. 舒适 selfishness n [U] 自私 selfless adj.无私心的 selfishly adv.自私地 selflessly adv.无私地 self n.自我；私心 selflessness n. 无私 selfish /ˈɪntɪmət/ good/bad/quick-tempered lose one’s temper 发脾气 genuine SYN: authentic; sincere ANT: fake persevere SYN: persist perseverance n.坚持不懈 persistence n.持续 PART Ⅱ resolve a conflict / an issue / difficulties Instead of resolving to lose weight, try an actionable resolution: “I’ll stop having dessert for lunch. His genuine concern , perseverance and resolve fill me with hope. My father made a New Year’s resolution to give up smoking. 解决 决定 决心 正式决定；决议 同义词：solve, settle, address, work out, figure out, handle, approach, cope with 翻译：什么也不能削弱他继续下去的决心。 Nothing could weaken his resolve to continue. resolve to do sth 决定做某事 make a resolution (to do sth)下定决心(做某事) resolve “解开”问题等 “解开”做某事的纠结 解决 决心；决定 resolve 解开 （基本义） 正式决定；决议 坚决；坚定； 决定；决心 解决 resolution 文化遗产代表我们祖先的智慧，因此我们国家已经决定不遗余力地保护它们。(话题写作之文化遗产与保护) Cultural relics represent the wisdom of our ancestors，so ______________ ______________________________________. our country has resolved to spare no effort to protect them 2. 为了解决冲突，我们应该学会多沟通，设身处地为他人着想。 ，we should learn to communicate more and put ourselves in others’ place. To resolve conflicts crew cruel We must never be cruel _____animals, as they cannot speak for themselves. cruelly cruelty to We are making a thorough investigation. She's very thorough and conscientious. I’m thoroughly confused. 彻底的 仔细周到的 极度的 Though tough through thought thorough 42 furniture be furnished with.... 新办公室配备了现代化的桌子和椅子。 The new office is furnished with modern desks and chairs. furnish--furnished You will make a fortune with your friend. She went to Hollywood in search of fame and fortune. fortune misfortune fortunate fortunately unfortunate unfortunately 发财 名利 a piece of/a set of furniture 43 bark rugby bat He bats very well. In Chinese folklore the bat is a symbol of good fortune. damp recreation amusement entertainment recreational guidance 4. _________(guide) by the local farmer, we found the old house easily. Guided 3. 父亲毫不犹豫地带领他们准备年夜饭 Without hesitation, their father guided them to prepare for the festive feast. 1. 如果你能给我一些指导，我会很感激的。 I’d appreciate it if you could give me some guidance. 2. 在老师的指导下，我们取得了不错的成绩 Under the guidance of our teacher, we have achieved a great deal. nephew siblings /ˈsɪblɪŋz/ advertise = put an advertisement advertiser advertisement advertising 1. 我写信是想申请你们在报纸上刊登的招聘职位。 I am writing to apply for the position that you have advertised in the newspaper. advertisement brochure book review magazine journal corporate responsibility cooperate/co-operate corporate 1. Because the areas used for playing fields are often rough and rocky, millions of real balls go flat within 24 hours. __________ 2. The Atlantic Ocean has personalities: sometimes peaceful and pleasant, on rare occasions rough and wild; always it is strong and striking. __________ 3. The first year was rough, but things have gotten better. __________ 4. We were only able to make a rough estimate of how much fuel would be required. _________ 高低不平的 风浪大的 艰难的 大致的 / 粗略的 rough (1)I can’t tolerate sailing in rough sea. (2)The western half of the U.S.was full of grizzlies when Europeans came，with a rough number of 50,000 or more living alongside Native Americans. (2023·全国甲) (3)I don’t know how to release the pressure in such a rough time. (4)The ice on the rough road has melted and it is safe to drive on it now. (5)He is such a rough child that he doesn’t behave himself. A.汹涌的；风浪很大的　B.崎岖的　C.粗略的　D.艰难的　E.粗鲁的 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ A C D B E navigator navigate navigation loyal loyalty loyally faithful They had remained loyal to the president. be loyal to All the evidence collected so far points to robbery as the motive of the crime. While some people are motivated by a need for success, others are motivated by a fear of failure. After every run I feel fitter, happier and more motivated to keep progressing. 同义异构：encourage / inspire motor 动机 激励 motive =intention =reason =purpose motiveless motivate motor vehicles motorbike = motorcycle mot词根 词根 词缀 单词 派生词 mot _________ -or motor (n 发动机) / -tion motion motionless pro (向前) _________ promotion -ive motive (n 动机) ___________ (v) ___________ (n) motivated re- remote / e- (外 out); -ion emotion emotional 动；移动 promote motivate motivation 53 candidate applicant candidate candle calendar calculate make fire Her eyes were full of fire. A young girl was in the line of fire. catch fire set sth on fire set fire to sth be on fire 激情；愤怒 在射程内 着火 纵火/点火烧某物 放火烧某物 着火 make sure确信;证实 make up编造;组成;化妆;弥补;和解 make up for...补偿，弥补 make friends with ...与...交友 make a difference (to...) (对...)有影响，有关系 make full use of...充分利用... make good use of...充分利用;很好地使用 make a decision作决定 make a living谋生， 维持生活 make an appointment约会，预约 make a mistake犯错误 make contributions做贡献 give off 放出(热、光、气味或气体) give up (on sb) 戒除；放弃；让出 give away 不小心透露，泄露；赠送，免费给予 give out　 分配，分发；（食物、燃料、力气等）用光，精疲力竭 give in （to ...） （向……）屈服，投降，让步；提出，上交 give back　 归还 give on to sth　　有某物的景致；朝向某物 (give upon, look out upon) give over （doing sth）停止做某事 1. 在最后300米时，大卫累坏了，汗水从他脸上滚落下来。但他咬紧牙关，下定决心决不放弃。这就是大卫，一个坚忍不拔的孩子，从不向困难屈服。 In the last 300 meters，David ，sweat rolling down his face. But he gritted his teeth and made up his mind never to .Such was David，a boy with great perseverance，who never to hardships. 2. 随着大学毕业的临近，学生会将举办一场活动，毕业生们将把他们用过的书送给他们的学弟学妹。(话题写作之活动安排) With graduation from university drawing near，the Student Association is to hold an activity where graduates will their used books to their juniors. gave out give up gave in give away episode I'd like to try and forget the whole episode. The final episode will be shown next Sunday. 经历 电视剧的一集 commit oneself to doing sth. 忠于；全心全意投入 =dedicate=devote commitment What you did is encouraging him to commit a crime! The President is committed to reforming health care. He committed himself to serving the people all his life. Make a commitment to stay away from credit. 犯（罪或错等） 承诺，保证 全心投入 commit③ 1. 只有你致力于在线学习，你才能成为聪明的在线学习者。 Only if can you become a smart online learner. 2. 为了提高写作技能，我强烈建议你每天早上投入一小时的时间读报纸. To improve your writing skills，I strongly suggest that er ______________________________every morning. 3. 我承诺无论你什么时候遇到困难我都会来帮助你。 ①I whenever you come across difficulties.(commitment) ②I whenever you come across difficulties.(commit) an hour to reading the newspaper make a commitment to come/coming to your assistance commit myself to come/coming to your assistance you are committed to online learning you should commit Confucianism Confucius Antarctica the South Pole 1. Mary found that the table-tennis bats were printed with patterns of little bats. ___________ ___________ 2. While George was shaving off the bark of a tree, a dog came running and barked at him. ___________ ___________ 3. In the museum he saw that the sculpture of a seal was sealed in a glass box. ___________ ___________ 4. The woman wearing fine clothes was fined for driving too fast. ___________ ___________ n 球拍 n 蝙蝠 n 树皮 v（犬）吠叫 n 海豹 v 封 / 密封 adj 漂亮的 v 对……处以罚款 快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加颜色词汇的汉语意思 (1)To my sadness，my son was abandoned to playing online games. (2)She was sincere and genuine in her wish to make up for her former mistakes. (3)Jenna threw the burnt piece into the sink and put in the other slice of bread. (4)Boiling with extreme anger，he barked a series of questions at his crew. _______ _______ _____________ _________ 沉湎于 真诚的 洗涤槽，水槽 厉声质问 Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识 1.My heart (sink) when I was informed that my moderate reforms ended up in failure. 2.When I submitted the regulations I designed to my boss，he turned me immediately. 3.Dozens of workers are (qualify) for their jobs in the international firm. 4.Our monitor is enthusiastic creating a harmonious campus and he often launches some campaigns to promote it. sank/sunk qualified down about 5.These policies (abandon) because of financial problems next year. 6.We have resolved (reduce) our carbon footprint by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. 7. (fortunate)，I succeeded in seizing this precious chance to be a volunteer in the activity. 8.I promise that I will be loyal the enterprise and I will never quit my job. will be abandoned to reduce Fortunately to 9.Riding bicycles benefits the environmental conservation because they won’t give waste gases. 10.The enterprises have (thorough) implemented what they have promised to the public. off thoroughly 返 回 PART Ⅲ 拓展语料积累 动作细节描写：“动胳膊” 单词 hug v./n.拥抱；wave v.挥舞(手臂)；raise v.举起，抬起 词块 wave one’s arms 挥动双臂；fold one’s arms 某人双臂交叉； hold out/open one’s arms 某人伸出/张开双臂； pull/gather sb into one’s arms 把某人拉/抱在怀中； put/throw one’s arms around sb搂住某人； take one’s arm挽住某人的胳膊；catch/grab one’s arm抓住某人胳膊；with crossed arms双臂交叉；arm in arm手挽手，臂挽臂 续写积累提能练 语料运用 续写积累提能练 语料运用 1.He stood there with crossed arms，looking angry. 他双臂交叉站在那里，看起来很生气。 2.They are sure to welcome you with open arms. 他们一定会张开双臂欢迎你的。 3.Walking in front of us were two cute twin sisters，arm in arm. 走在我们面前的是两个可爱的双胞胎姐妹，手挽着手。 4.Stunned，I stood up and gave her an awkward hug/hugged her in an awkward way. 我很惊讶，站起来尴尬地拥抱了她。 5.He parked down the street from Bobby’s house，and rushed to his front door，waving wildly inwards. 他把车停在鲍比家的街上，冲到前门，疯狂地向里挥手。 Tom and Mary were a young couple who were enthusiastic about wild exploration. One day when going through a thick jungle, the wife, Mary got seriously injured in the ankle. Worse still, it began to rain. At first, Tom took Mary’s arm, trying to support her along the way, but soon they found it didn’t work. The pain was so intense that they had to abandon their plan. When the rain became heavier and the sun was setting, their heart also began to sink. Bitter and frightened, Mary almost broke down. 汤姆和玛丽是一对热衷于野外探险的年轻夫妇。一天，在穿过茂密的丛林时，妻子玛丽的脚踝受了重伤。更糟糕的是，天开始下雨了。起初，汤姆挽着玛丽的胳膊，试图一路扶着她走，但很快他们发现这不管用。玛丽的脚太疼了他们不得不放弃他们的计划。当雨下得更大，太阳落山时，他们的心也开始下沉。玛丽又痛苦又害怕，几乎崩溃了。 续写积累提能练 语料运用 汤姆温柔地搂着妻子试图安慰她。玛丽紧紧抓住汤姆的胳膊，渐渐平静下来，决心勇敢地面对困难。幸运的是，他们设法在失去信号之前给护林员打了电话。他们接下来应该做的是生火，以免在这样一个寒冷的夜晚被冻死。之后，他们只能耐心等待。汤姆把妻子抱在怀里，听到了直升机的轰鸣声。他立即站起来，猛烈地挥舞着手臂，极度激动地大声喊道：“救命！救命！” Tom tried to comfort her, throwing his arms around his wife gently. Tightly grabbing Tom’s arm, Mary gradually calmed down and resolved to face the difficulty bravely. Fortunately, they managed to call the rangers before losing signal. What they should do next was to make some fire to avoid being frozen to death on such a bitter night. Afterwards, they had nothing to do but wait patiently. Gathering his wife into his arms, Tom heard some roars of helicopter. He immediately rose to his feet and waved his arms violently, shouting loudly “Help！Help！” in extreme excitement. 续写积累提能练 语料运用 $$