内容正文:
第五讲 虚拟语气
(一)虚拟语气在if条件句中的运用
类别
从句谓语动词
主句谓语动词
与现在事实相反
过去式(be用were)
should/would/could/might+动词原形
与过去事实相反
had+过去分词
should/would/could/might+have+过去分词
与将来事实相反
过去式(be用were)
should/would/could/might+动词原形
should+动词原形
were to+动词原形
They might have found a better hotel if they had driven a few more kilometers.
如果他们多开几千米的话,他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。
(二)含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气
有时假设的条件不通过条件状语从句表达出来,而是隐含在某些词或短语中,或隐含在上下文中,这叫含蓄虚拟语气。常用的这类词或短语有:without(要是)没有、but for要不是、otherwise/or否则等。
Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around but for Thomas Edison.
要不是托马斯·爱迪生,我们现在从中获益的很多东西就不会存在。
(三)虚拟语气在从句中的运用
1.在表示要求、命令、建议、请求等动词后接的宾语从句中,以及这些动词的名词后接的同位语或表语从句中,谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”。常见的此类动词:一坚持(insist)、二命令(order, command)、三要求(require, demand, request)、四建议(suggest, advise, propose, recommend)。
【注意】 当suggest作“暗示,表明”,insist作“坚持认为”讲时,从句要用陈述语气。
His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision.
他的沉默表明他同意我的决定。
2.在“It is/was+adj./done+that...”句型中,从句中的谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”。常见的形容词或过去分词有important, necessary, strange, suggested, ordered, advised, requested, demanded等。
It is required that middle school students (should) take at least one hours exercise every day.
中学生被要求每天至少进行一个小时的锻炼。
3.wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气
时间
从句谓语动词
与现在事实相反
过去式(be动词一律用were)
与过去事实相反
had+过去分词
与将来事实相反
would/could/might+动词原形
4.would rather所接的宾语从句中,从句谓语动词用一般过去时,表示对现在或将来的虚拟;从句谓语动词用过去完成时,表示对过去的虚拟。
We would rather our daughter stayed at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.
我们宁愿女儿待在家,陪在我们身边,但是选择权在她手里,毕竟她不再是个孩子了。
5.三个固定句式中的虚拟语气
句式
现在的虚拟
过去的虚拟
将来的虚拟
if only引导的条件句及感叹句
过去式
had+过去分词
would/could/might+动词原形
as if/though引导的表语
从句及方式状语从句
过去式
had+过去分词
would/could/might+动词原形
It is (high) time that...
过去式或should+动词原形
It is high time that we took/should take some measures to solve the problem.
确实到了我们应该采取措施解决这个问题的时候了。
(四)错综时间条件句中的虚拟语气
当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,称为“错综时间条件句”,动词的形式要根据主从句所表示的时间作出相应的调整。
If we had booked a table earlier, we wouldnt be standing here in a queue now.
如果我们早点儿预订一张桌子,我们现在就不用站在这儿排队了。(从句说的是过去的情况,主句说的是现在的情况)
巩 固 提 升
Ⅰ.单句写作
1.看我现在所处的糟糕境地!要是我听了你的建议就好了!
Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only !
2.建议每个人都应该多吃水果和蔬菜。
It is suggested that .
3.我们感觉好像目睹了整个事情的经过。
We felt the whole thing.
4.如果我当时听了你的建议,我的考试就不会有问题了。
Had I followed your advice, I with my exam.
5.要是他能及时赶到机场就好了!
at the airport in time!
6.如果你明天才还书,你就会受罚的。
If you the book tomorrow, you would be fined.
7.没有你的帮助,我不可能在演讲比赛中获得一等奖。
, I first prize in the speech competition.
8.我真希望上学时学习再努力一点儿。
I really wish I when at school.
9.是我们该讨论一下昨天遇到的问题的时候了。
Its high time that about the problem we met yesterday.
10.老师劝我们要好好利用在这儿的每一分钟。
The teacher advised that every minute here.
Ⅱ.利用虚拟语气句型,结合汉语提示补全下面的短文
I feel honored to be invited here to deliver a speech. My topic today is “If I Were a Dustman”.
Perhaps you are surprised at my choice, but I do think being a dustman is a great choice. I wish
1. (我能成为一名环卫工人) because 2.
(我希望我能把我们的城市变成一个更美的居住的地方).
If I were a dustman, 3. (我会让我们的城市更干净) with no rubbish lying on the street. I would tell others that without us dustmen, our city 4.
(将会很难居住). 5. (我宁愿你们支持我的想法).
My suggestion is that, whatever you do, 6. (你应专心做好它).
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