内容正文:
第四讲 强调、倒装及省略
一、强调
强调句是一种修辞。强调谓语用“do/does/did+动词原形”;强调其他成分用“It is/was+被强调部分+that...”,被强调部分指人也可用who。判断强调句的方法:去掉It is/was和that,句子结构仍然完整。
1.“do/does/did+动词原形”用来强调谓语。
Honestly, I really do cherish every single moment and always hope to make myself better.
老实说,我真的珍惜每一个时刻,总是希望让自己更好。
2.用“It is/was+被强调部分+that+其他部分”强调除谓语的其他成分。
It is not the story itself but what is reflected in the story that counts.
重要的不是故事本身而是它所反映出来的东西。
3.此处是强调句的特殊疑问句。
When was it that you made up your mind to work as a volunteer doctor?
究竟是什么时候你决定当一名志愿者医生?
4.被强调部分是not until从句时,不倒装。
Is it not until the last drop of water on the planet becomes our tear that well begin to protect water?
难道直到地球上最后一滴水变成我们的眼泪,我们才开始保护水吗?
巩 固 提 升
Ⅰ.单句写作
1. (是爸爸) answered the door.
2. (正是因为她) I left Paris.
3. (直到那时) I suddenly realized nobody was happier than I was.
4. (不是什么捷径,而是不断的练习和努力) helped him succeed in mastering English.
Ⅱ.利用所学的强调句型,结合中文提示补全作文
Dear Mr and Mrs Johnson,
1. (我是从中国的家里写信给你). I returned home safe and sound. When I think of the wonderful two weeks I spent in Birmingham, England, 2.
(正是你们两人) I just cant help thinking of. It was so kind of you to have provided everything to make my staying there such a happy and lucky experience. Ive learned so much, not only English but also culture. And 3. (我的确很享受) the fun and laughter we shared with each other. Thank you very much. Ill always remember this trip as well as your kindness.
Ill keep in touch and write to you later. 4. (一定要保重)!
Yours,
Li Hua
二、倒装
倒装分两类:完全倒装和部分倒装。完全倒装是将主语和谓语的位置完全颠倒,部分倒装是将be动词、助动词或情态动词移至主语之前。倒装句在作文中具有独特的魅力,恰当运用可使句子表达效果增强,衔接自然,结构更高级。
1.here/there/out/then/now/on the wall等表示方位、地点、时间等的副词或介词短语放在句首时,句子要全部倒装。
In the picture, on the bench sit two students.
在图片里,有两个学生坐在长椅上。
2.作表语的分词短语放在句首时,句子要全部倒装。
Seated in the front were the honorable guests.
坐在前排的是贵宾。
3.hardly/never/seldom/at no time等表示否定意义的词或短语放在句首时,句子要部分倒装。
Hardly can anyone achieve success in his career without the assistance of his colleagues and partners.
几乎每个人事业上的成功都离不开同事和搭档的帮助。
4.not until放在句首时,主句部分倒装,从句不倒装。
Not until he had a heart⁃to⁃heart talk with me did I realize my mistake.
直到他跟我推心置腹地交谈,我才意识到自己的错误。
5.“only+状语”放在句首时,句子/主句要部分倒装。
Only in this way can we students study happily and effectively.
只有这样,我们学生才能快乐而有效地学习。
6.在“so/such...that”结构中,so/such放在句首时,主句要部分倒装。
So excited was she that she couldnt say a word.
她如此激动,以至于一句话也说不出来。
7.“not only...but (also)”结构中,not only放在句首时,第一个分句要部分倒装(前倒后不倒)。
Not only do I have more and more confidence, but the teachers say I am better.
不仅我越来越有信心,而且老师们也说我越来越棒。
8.as/though引导让步状语从句,可以将表语或状语提前至句首,但主谓不颠倒顺序。
Tired as we are, we feel proud that we helped the elderly in need.
虽然很累,但我们为帮助了需要帮助的老人而感到自豪。
巩 固 提 升
Ⅰ.单句写作
1.The farmer opened one door, and (一只猫跑出来).
2. (她太激动了) she threw herself at Ali.
3. (直到那时) I realize that nobody was happier than I was.
4. (尽管他很后悔), there was never another good chance for him to join the club.
5. (只有我们挽救它们的自然栖息地) we save endangered species.
Ⅱ.利用倒装句型,结合提示补全作文
In front of my home 1. (有座山), which is very high.
2. (我永远不会忘记) the first time when I climbed the mountain with my father. The sky was clear and the sun was shining brightly. 3.
(我父亲走得如此快) that he was far ahead of me. Not until he stopped to wait for me 4. (我赶上他). 5.
(尽管我很累), I didnt give up. When reaching the top, we felt a sense of achievement.
6. (生活也是这样). We shouldnt give up halfway, however great the difficulty is. Only in this way 7.
(我们才能成功).
三、省略
(一)状语从句的省略
在时间、让步、方式、地点等状语从句中,如果状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it,而且状语从句的谓语中有be动词,可以将从句中的主语连同be动词一起省略。
When walking the dog on the street the other day, I met one of my old friends.
前几天当我在路上遛狗的时候,我遇到了我的一个老朋友。
If asked to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once.
如果你被要求替别人照看行李,请立即通知警察。
There are some health problems that, when (some health problems are) not treated in time, can become bigger ones later on.
有些健康问题,如果不及时治疗(当一些健康问题没有得到及时治疗时),以后会变得更严重。
常用的if相关的省略结构
if ever 如果曾经发生过的话
if busy 如果忙的话
if anything 如果有什么不同
if possible 如果可能的话
if so 如果这样的话
if not 如果不这样的话
if necessary 如果必要的话
(二)不定式的省略
(1)不定式作动词expect, refuse, mean, like, love, prefer, wish, hope, want等的宾语时,常承前省略不定式后的内容,但保留不定式符号to。
John didnt pass his driving test, but I expected him to.
约翰没有通过驾照考试,不过我希望他能通过。
(2)当不定式在形容词glad,happy,pleased,delighted,anxious等后作状语时,to后的内容常承前省略。
—Would you like to come to the party?
—Id glad to (come to the party).
——你愿意来参加聚会吗?
——我很高兴去参加聚会。
[名师点津] 如果不定式中含有be,have,have been时,通常保留be,have,have been。
(三)so/not构成替代省略
英语中还常常用so/not等来代替省略的肯定内容或否定内容,so/not多跟在Im afraid,I hope,I think,I guess,I believe等开头的答句中。
—Do you think it will rain? ——你认为会下雨吗?
—I hope so/not.——我希望下/不下。
(四)虚拟语气中if的省略
在if引导的含有should,were或had的虚拟语气句中,如果把should/were/had提至主语前,则if需要省略。如:
If I had known you were coming, I would have cooked more food.
→Had I known you were coming, I would have cooked more food.
如果我知道你要来的话,我就会做更多的食物了。
巩 固 提 升
Ⅰ.单句写作
1.The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, , can improve our health.
实验表明,如果有规律地进行适量运动,人们能强身健体。
2. , I heard my name called.
走在大街上时,我听见有人叫我的名字。
3. ,ring me.
如有必要,给我打电话。
4. , let me know beforehand.
如有可能,事先通知我。
5.Get up early tomorrow, , you will miss the first bus.
明天早点起床,如果不的话,你将会错过头班公共汽车。
6. , he will come to my help.
他会在任何可能的时候来帮助我。
Ⅱ.按照所给汉语提示,利用特殊句式补全或升级下面作文中的黑体句子
Dear Nancy,
Im sorry to tell you I cannot go to the show with you next Saturday. I am writing to apologize to you.
The reason why I am not available is that we volunteers are to launch a campaign at that time
1. (用强调句升级). As a registered volunteer, it is my responsibility to participate in public welfare activities. 2.
(我真的希望你能原谅我,用助动词强调动词). Meanwhile, if it is convenient for you, 3. (我建议我们另安排日期). If it is not 4.
(用省略句升级), let me know what time suits you.
Sorry again for any inconvenience caused.
Yours,
Li Hua
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