Unit 12 Innovation Reading Club 课件-2024-2025学年高二下学期英语北师大版（2019）选择性必修第四册

U12Reading club1 补充作文素材 Teaching Objectives 1. Read some information about four great ancient Chinese Inventions. 2.Conclude the writing skills 3.Try to write a composition about one of them. Paper Gunpowder Printing Compass Writing skills Some information about the inventor. How James Watt invented the steam engine. The contribution James Watt made to human history. Para.1 Para.3 Para.2 The Compass: One of China's Four Great Inventions The compass, one of China's Four Great Inventions, was first developed during the Han Dynasty (206 BC–220 AD), which originally consisted of a lodestone (天然磁石), aligned with(与...一致) the Earth's magnetic field. The invention was inspired by the need for accurate navigation, especially for marine exploration and trade. Early Chinese scholars studied the properties of magnetism(磁石的性质) and refined(改善) the design, eventually creating a more precise instrument. This innovation allowed sailors to determine direction even in poor weather or at night, significantly improving travel efficiency. The compass revolutionized global exploration and trade. It enabled Chinese explorers to navigate vast distances, contributing to the Silk Road's expansion. Later, it spread to other parts of the world, playing a crucial role in the Age of Discovery. 指南针：中国四大发明之一 指南针是中国四大发明之一，最早是在汉代（公元前206年-公元220年）发明的，它最初是由一块与地球磁场对齐的磁石组成的。 这项发明的灵感来自于对精确导航的需求，特别是对海洋探险和贸易的需求。早期的中国学者研究了磁的特性，并改进了设计，最终创造了更精确的仪器。这项创新使水手即使在恶劣天气或夜间也能确定方向，大大提高了航行效率。 指南针彻底改变了全球探险和贸易。它使中国探险家得以远航，为丝绸之路的扩张做出了贡献。后来，它传播到世界其他地区，在大航海时代发挥了至关重要的作用。 Printing: One of China's Four Great Inventions Printing, one of China's Four Great Inventions, was pioneered during the Tang Dynasty (7th century). Later, Bi Sheng invented movable type printing in the 11th century, using individual clay characters that could be rearranged. The invention was inspired by the need to reproduce texts more efficiently, especially for spreading knowledge and literature. Woodblock printing involved carving entire pages into wooden blocks, while movable type allowed for greater flexibility and reuse, which significantly reduced the time and cost of producing books. This invention made it much quicker and easier to reproduce written work and lead to the first ever mass production of books and literature, improving the public’s general literacy in China. Nowadays, printing still has a profound and far-reading impact on the modern world, facilitating the spread of knowledge, the devolopment of culture and the progress of society 印刷术：中国四大发明之一 中国四大发明之一的印刷术诞生于唐朝（公元7世纪）。后来，毕升在11世纪发明了活字印刷术，使用单个的粘土字符，可以重新排列。 这项发明的灵感来自于更有效地复制文本的需要，特别是为了传播知识和文学。木版印刷术涉及将整页纸雕刻成木块，而活字印刷术允许更大的灵活性和重复使用。这一创新大大减少了制作书籍的时间和成本。 这一发明使复制书面作品变得更快、更容易，并带来了书籍和文学的第一次大规模生产，提高了中国公众的普遍文化水平。今天，印刷术仍然对现代世界有着深远的影响，促进了知识的传播、文化的发展和社会的进步 Paper: One of China's Four Great Inventions Paper, one of China's Four Great Inventions, was invented by Cai Lun during the Han Dynasty (around 105 AD). It was made from plant fibers, such as bark, hemp, and rags(树皮、大麻和破布), which were soaked, mashed, and pressed into thin sheets (浸泡，捣碎，压成薄片). Before paper, writing materials like bamboo slips and silk were heavy, expensive, or impractical. Cai Lun's invention provided a lightweight, durable(耐用的), and affordable alternative. His method of papermaking was refined over time, leading to higher quality and more efficient production. The invention of paper had a transformative impact on society. It facilitated the recording and sharing of knowledge, enabling the spread of literature, science, and government records. Papermaking technology eventually spread to the Islamic world and Europe, becoming a cornerstone of global civilization. Today, paper remains an essential part of daily life, education, and communication. 纸：中国四大发明之一 纸，中国四大发明之一，是由蔡伦在汉代（约公元105年）发明的。它是由植物纤维,如树皮、麻、和破布(树皮,大麻和破布),浸泡,捣碎,压制成薄片(浸泡,捣碎,压成薄片)。 在纸出现之前，像竹简和丝绸这样的书写材料既笨重、昂贵，又不实用。蔡伦的发明提供了一种轻便、耐用、经济实惠的替代品。随着时间的推移，他的造纸方法得到了改进，生产质量更高，效率更高。 纸的发明对社会产生了变革性的影响。它促进了知识的记录和共享，使文学、科学和政府记录得以传播。造纸技术最终传播到伊斯兰世界和欧洲，成为全球文明的基石。今天，纸仍然是日常生活、教育和交流的重要组成部分。 Gunpowder: One of China's Four Great Inventions Gunpowder, one of China's Four Great Inventions, was discovered during the Tang Dynasty (9th century) by people tring to make a magic drug for living forever. However, its potential as a weapon was soon realized. Chinese inventors developed early gunpowder-based weapons, such as fire arrows and bombs, which were used in military conflicts. Over time, the formula was refined, leading to more powerful and controlled explosions. The invention of gunpowder had a profound impact on warfare and technology worldwide and revolutionized military strategies. Beyond warfare, gunpowder also played a role in mining, construction, and fireworks. Its spread to other regions transformed global history, marking the beginning of a new era in both conflict and innovation. 火药：中国四大发明之一 火药是中国四大发明之一，是在唐朝（9世纪），人们试图制造一种长生不老的神奇药物时发现的。 然而，它作为一种武器的潜力很快就被发现了。中国发明家开发了早期的火药武器，如箭和炸弹，用于军事冲突。随着时间的推移，配方得到了改进，导致了更强大、更可控的爆炸。 火药的发明对世界范围内的战争和技术产生了深远的影响，并彻底改变了军事战略。除了战争，火药还在采矿、建筑和烟花中发挥了作用。它传播到其他地区，改变了全球历史，标志着一个冲突和创新的新时代的开始。 THANKS $$