UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE 教材助读-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册（人教版2024）

UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE 教材助读7 难词注解 教材原文 课文翻译 ①turn sb down拒绝 A SUCCESSFUL FAILURE 一个成功的失败 Perce Blackborow joined an expedition 1914年，珀西·布莱克 某人 with Sir Ernest Shackleton to Antarctica on 博罗加入欧内斯特·沙克尔 2 qualified/'kwplifard/ the ship Endurance in 1914.Shackleton was 顿爵士的“坚忍号”南极洲探 险之旅。沙克尔顿是他那个 ad巧.符合资格；具备… one of the most famous explorers of his day 时代最著名的探险家之一， and it was considered a great honour to be part 的知识（或技能、学历等） 参加他的探险活动被认为是 of his expeditions.Below are some of Blackborow's 一种极大的荣誉。以下是一 ③enthusiastic/In diary entries. 些布莱克博罗的日记。 0juzi'estik/adj.热情 31Oct,1914 1914年10月31日 ..Well,it so happened that one morning I ……嗯，碰巧有一天早 的：热心的 bought a newspaper and read the advertisement 上我买了一份报纸，看到了 ④aboard/a'bord/adu. about the Antarctic expedition.【l】 关于南极考察的广告。 &prep.上（船、飞机 【l】it为形式主语，that从句为主语从句。 与伟大的欧内斯特·沙克 An expedition to the South Pole with the 尔顿爵士一起去南极探 公共汽车等) 险—一这是我一直梦想的 great Sir Ernest Shackleton-this is the ⑤cupboard/.kAbad/ 探险。我已经准备好了。 adventure that I have been dreaming of.And I 在19岁的时候，我身体健 n.橱柜；壁橱；衣柜 was ready for it.At the age of 19,I am fit and 康，充满活力。然而，当我 ⑥assign/a'san/t.分 full of vigour.However,when I applied to join 申请加入探险队时，沙克 the expedition,Shackleton turned me down 尔顿拒绝了我，因为他认 派；布置；分配 because he thought I was too young and wasn't 为我太年轻，没有资格。 ⑦steward/stju:ad/ qualified.【2】But I was so enthusiastic 但我非常想跟他们一起 about the idea of going along with them that I 去，于是我偷偷地登上了 n.(轮船、飞机或火车 secretly went aboardo his ship,the 他的船“坚忍号”，藏在一个 上的)乘务员：服务员 Endurance,and hid in a small cupboard.【3】 小柜子里。不幸的是，我们 出发三天后，我就被发现了。 ⑧envy/envi/n.&t. Unfortunately,three days after we set off I 沙克尔顿不想回去，所以他 羡慕；妒忌 was discovered.Shackleton did not want to 给了我一份工作，但前提是 turn back so he offered me a job,but only after ⑨become/be stuck in 与我约定，“如果有人必须被 he promised me,"If anyone has to be eaten, 吃掉，那么你将是第一个！"” 困住；陷于 then you will be the first!"He assigned me to 他派我去当服务员，我现在 ⑩sink/sk/i.沉没； be a steward,and I now serve meals for 一天三次为二十八个人供应 twenty-eight men,three times a day 伙食。 下沉；下降t.使下 【2】when引导时间状语从句，because引导原 当我回来告诉他们我 沉；使沉没 因状语从句。 去过的那些神奇的地方时， 【3】本句为so…that…句型。 大家会多么羡慕我啊！ ·15 ①abandon/a'beendan How everyone will envy me when I come 1915年11月21日 back and tell them about the amazing places 这段旅程并不容易。 vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃 have been to！【4】 当我们接近南极洲时，“坚 ②stove,/stauv./n.火 【4】本句为how引导的感叹句，其中when引导 忍号”卡在了冰里。冰把 炉具：厨房灶具 时间状语从句，I have been to为定语从句，前 我们周围都冻住了，我们 面省略关系代词that/which. 彻底被困住了！我们看到 Bblanket/'blaekit/ 21Nov,1915 船被冰压碎了。船沉了，我 n.毯子 The journey has not been easy.Endurance 们的心也跟着低沉起来。 became stuck in the ice as we approached 在我们弃船之前，沙 ④belongings Antarctica.The ice froze around us and we 克尔顿平静地把我们叫到 /b1oz/n.[l.]财 were well and truly stuck!We saw the ship get 一起，告诉我们要抢救我 crushed by the ice.And when the ship sank, 们最基本的物资—小 物；动产 our hearts sank with it. 船、食物、炉灶、蜡烛、衣服 ⑤miserable/mizrobl/ Before we abandoned the ship, 和毯子。现在不是恐慌的 Shackleton calmly called us together and told 时候。我们不被允许拿走 adj.悲惨的；痛苦的 us to rescue our most essential supplies-the 大部分个人物品，沙克尔 ⑥voyage/,vnd3/n. small boats,our food,the cook stove, 顿把他自己所有的金子都 &vi.航海；航行 candles,clothes,and blankets.This was no 扔掉了。但令我们吃惊的 time to panic.We were not allowed to take 是，他让赫西保留了他的 ⑦navy/neivi/n.海 most of our personal belongings,and 班卓琴。赫西经常用它来 军；海军部队 Shackleton himself threw away all his gold. 振奋我们的精神。 But to our surprise,he allowed Hussey to keep 我们现在在冰上扎 ⑧decent/di:snt/ his banjo.Hussey often plays it to keep our 营，我们一直在设法生存， adj.相当不错的；正 spirits up. 但是春天就要来了，冰很 We are now camped on the ice and we 快就会融化。 派的；得体的 have been managing to survive,but spring is 1916年5月20日 ©cosy/kazi/adj.舒 coming,and the ice will soon begin to melt. 我们已经挣扎了好几 20May,1916 天了，但是象岛上的情况 适的；温馨的 We have been struggling for days,but 越来越糟。我们现在挤在 things on Elephant Island are going from bad 这个可怜的地方的岩石岸 to worse.We are now crowded together under 上的一只小船下面。我们 one of our boats on the rocky shore of this 到达后不久，沙克尔顿就 miserable place.Soon after we arrived, 离开我们，到1320公里外 Shackleton left us to find help on South 的南乔治亚岛寻求帮 Georgia Island,1,320 kilometres away-the 助—一这次航行太危险， voyage0 was too dangerous and difficult for all 太困难，我们所有人都无 of us to make it in our small boats..【5】If 法乘坐小船到达那里。如 Shackleton fails,will we have any hope of 果沙克尔顿失败了，我们 rescue?No.No navy in the world ever stops 还有得救的希望吗？不。 at Elephant Island,and no one else knows that 世界上没有海军会在象岛 we are here. 停留，也没有人知道我们 【5】句中含有to0…to句式，意为“太…而不能” 在这里。 ·16 @hold on握住不放； I feel low.It's cold and windy.The island 我情绪低落。天气又冷 坚持；继续 has no plants.Sometimes we are able to catch a 又刮风。岛上没有植物。有 @selfish/'selh/ad.自 时我们能抓到一只海豹或企 私的 seal or a penguin to eat.Otherwise,there is no 鹅吃。否则，就没有食物。 ②good/bad-tempered food.I try to think of happier things:decent 我试着去想一些更快乐的事 adj.脾气好的/坏的 food, warm and dry clothes,a cosy 情—像样的食物，温暖干 ⑧genuine/,'d3enjum/ 燥的衣服，舒适的卧室，晴朗 ad.真正的；真诚的； bedroom,sunny days,and my mother's face... 的日子，还有我妈妈的 可信赖的 However,these happy memories are soon 脸…然而，这些快乐的回 ④perseverance interrupted by a sudden cold rush of air. 忆很快就被突然袭来的冷空 /patsrviarans/,n.毅力； 气打断了。 韧性；不屈不挠的精神 I shouted,“Shut the door!” 我叫道。“关门”。 ⑤resolve/m'zolv/i. "Hold on now,Perce.Don't you go “要坚持住啊，珀西。 &wt.决定；决心；解 turning into another Tom,"came the reply. 你可不要变成另一个汤 决（问题或困难）n.决 姆。”对方答复道。“我们 心；坚定的信念 "We've caught another penguin,so it's 又抓了一只企鹅，今晚有 penguin soup tonight!" 企鹅汤喝了！” Bless Frank Wild,the kindest man there 上帝保佑弗兰克·怀 尔德，他是除了我们的头 is after our leader,Ernest Shackleton.How 儿欧内斯特·沙克尔顿之 could I become as selfish and bad-tempered 外最善良的人。我怎么能 as Thomas Orde-Lees！ 变得像托马斯·奥德·利 Without Frank and Ernest,we'd all be 兹那样自私和脾气暴躁呢？ 如果没有弗兰克和欧 dead by now.Their genuine concern for others, 内斯特，我们早就死了。 their perseverance,and their resolve fill me 他们对他人的真诚关心， with hope. 他们的毅力和决心让我充 满了希望。 Perhaps there is a chance we will return 终究，也许我们还是 home,after all. 有机会回家的。 教材助读8 难词注解 教材原文 课文翻译 ①What if…? THE REWARD FOR PERSEVERANCE 对坚持不懈的奖赏 假使…将会怎么样？ We watched as Shackleton and the boat 我们看着沙克尔顿和 ②delay/drle/vt.a延 sailed away from Elephant Island.It was easy 小船驶离象岛。很容易想 期，（使）耽搁；推迟 to imagine the danger ahead of them.Would 象他们面前的危险。他们 ③cheer sb up使某 they ever return to find us?What might 还会回来找我们吗？他们 人振作起来 happen to them?What if they were 会怎么样呢？如果他们被 ④make fire生火 delayed?We felt so alone and desperate.But 耽搁了怎么办？我们感到 ⑤give off放出（热、 it was not for long.There was nothing like a 如此孤独和绝望。但很快 光、气味或气体) good dinner and some music to cheer us up 17· ⑥starve//sta:w/vi.饿 Life fell into a regular pattern.Staying 消失。没有什么比一顿丰 死；挨饿；渴望t.使 alive took all our time and energy.For 盛的晚餐和一些音乐更让 饿死；使挨饿 example,we needed water,and Elephant 我们高兴的了。 ⑦chef/∫ef/n.厨师； Island had none.We found that we could melt 生活有了规律。活下 大师傅 去花了我们所有的时间和 ⑧fat/fat/n.脂肪；肥肉 ice from the ocean and drink the water from it. 精力。例如，我们需要水， But how could we make fire④？There were no 而象岛没有。我们发现， trees growing on Antarctica and no oil,so the 我们可以融化海洋里的 only fuel we could use was animal fat.【l】This 冰，喝下冰融化后的水。 gave offs oily,black smoke,but it stayed 但是我们怎么生火呢？南 burning even in strong winds. 极洲没有树木生长，也没 【1】本句为so引导的并列句，前一分句为there 有石油，所以我们唯一能 be句型，其中growing on Antarctica为现在分 使用的燃料就是动物脂 词短语作定语，修饰trees,后一分句中we could 肪。脂肪释放出油乎乎的 黑烟，但即使在强风中它 use为定语从句，前面省略关系代词that。 仍在燃烧。 Food was also a problem,as we did not 食物也是个问题，因 find any vegetables or fruit on the island.One 为我们在岛上没有找到任 of our group members,Lionel Greenstreet, 何蔬菜和水果。我们小组 noted in his diary about how bored he was with 的一名成员莱昂内尔·格 the meals:"The food now is pretty well all 林斯特里特(Lionel meat of sea creatures.”【2】If it weren't for sea Greenstreet)在他的日记中 animals,we would all starve.As a chef,it 记录了他对这些食物的厌 was my duty to cook,so I tried to vary the meals in 倦：“现在的食物基本上都 whatever way I could.【3】But it was difficult. 是海洋生物的肉。”如果没 有海洋动物，我们都会饿 【2】句中how引导感叹式宾语从句。 死。作为一名厨师，做饭 【3】本句为so引导的并列句，whatever引导介 是我的职责，所以我试着 词宾语从句。 用任何可能的方式使食物 We had to be careful not to go outside too 多样化。但这很困难。 often,as the changing temperatures could 我们必须小心，不要 make us ill.It was almost as dangerous to 经常出去，因为变化的温 become too hot from wearing too many clothes 度会使我们生病。因为穿 as to become too cold from wearing too few.【4】 太多衣服而变得太热和穿 太少而变得太冷几乎是同 The sweat could freeze very quickly.Many of 样危险的。汗水很快就会 us also became ill from the black smoke of the 凝结。我们中的许多人因 animal fat we burnt for our fires.It damaged 为燃烧动物脂肪的黑烟而 our eyes and burnt our lungs. 生病。它损害了我们的眼 【4】本句为as…as…结构。 睛，灼伤了我们的肺。 ·18 9discipline/disaplin/ The twenty-two of us lived like this in the 我们二十二个人就这 n.学科；纪律；训练 cold for four months.Our discipline and team 样在寒冷中生活了四个 10optimistic/pptrmistik/ spirit kept us optimistic and helped us deal 月。我们的纪律和团队精 adj.乐观的；乐观主 神使我们保持乐观，并帮 with our fears in a positive and successful way. 义的 助我们以积极和成功的方 We also celebrated our birthdays,festivals, ①episode/,episoud/ 式应对我们的恐惧。我们 n.(人生的)一段经 and even the times when we caught a sea 也庆祝我们的生日，节日， 历：（小说的）片段： animal.This was an episode in my life that I 甚至当我们抓住一个海洋 插曲 would never forget. 动物的时候。这是我生命 ②relief/,rr'1i:f/n.救 When we were finally rescued,we felt 中的一个插曲，我永远不 济；减轻；解除；安慰 such relief and joy that many of us could not 会忘记. ③pay back偿还；报答 当我们终于获救时， hide our tears.【5】We were at last free to go ④commitment/,ka 我们感到如释重负，喜极 home to warm beds,good food,and the care mitmant/n.承诺；保 而泣。我们终于可以自由 证；奉献 of our family and friends.Our optimism and 地回家，睡温暖的床，吃美 faith in Shackleton had helped us persevere in 味的食物，关心我们的家 staying alive.And he paid us back by his 人和朋友。我们对沙克尔 commitment to save us from a slow but 顿的乐观和信心帮助了我 painful death. 们坚持活下去。他回报了 我们，他承诺要把我们从 【5】when引导时间状语从句，主句为such 缓慢而痛苦的死亡中拯救 that…句型。 出来。 UNIT POEMS 教材助读9 难词注解 教材原文 课文翻译 ①compose/,kam'paz/ A FEW SIMPLE FORMS OF ENGLISH POEMS 英语诗歌的几种简单形式 t.写作；构成 ②image/mrd3/n.影 There are various reasons why people 人们写诗有各种各样 像；想象；肖像 compose"poetry.【l】Some poems tell a story 的原因。有些诗歌讲述一 ③convey,/kan've/ or describe a certain image in the reader's 个故事或描述读者心中的 l.传达；表达 mind.Others try to convey certain feelings 某个形象。其他的诗歌试 ④sorrow/'sprau/n.悲 伤；悲痛；伤心事.感 such as joy and sorrow.The distinctive 图传达某些情感，如喜悦 到悲伤 和悲伤。诗歌的显著特征 characteristics of poetry often include 5distinctive/distnktrv/ 通常包括用词节俭、语言 economicalo use of words,descriptive and adj.独特的；有特色 生动形象、意象融汇、明 的；与众不同的 vivid language,integrated imagery,literary 喻、暗喻等文学手段以及 6economical/i:kanomkl; devices such as similes and metaphors,and 词、行、押韵、韵律的安排 ek3'npmikl/adj.经 arrangement of words,lines,rhymes,and 济的；节约的 诗人用许多不同的诗歌形 ·19·