UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 课时作业7 阅读专项-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册（人教版2024）

UNIT 3 课时作业(七) 阅读专项 答案精解P. (建议用时,35分钟) I.第一节 system with 9, 6oo bikes and almost 800 stations. A Cyclists can make their visit to the Tour de L'lle Bike-friendly cities around the world Montreal, a yearly bike ride where cyclists take to Cycling is kind to the environment so it is an the streets for a day without any other vehicles being excellent way to take in the city, Here are 4 bike allowed on the roads. friendly cities adopting this green mode of transport 1. Which city will attract cyelists interested in photography? to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. A. Beijing. B. Malmo. C. Montreal. D. Bogota. Malmi, Sweden 2. What do Beijing and Bogota have in common? Cycling in Malmo is enjoyable due to the relaxed A. Improvement in cycling facility. and easy-going manner of most cyclists. The calming B. Shift in primary means of transportation atmosphere makes it a great experience, even for C. Regular investment in building bicycle paths. nervous riders. A highly recommended bike route is D. Multiple specific cycle paths connecting districts. from Ribersborg park to Limhamn Harbour, where 3. What makes Montreal different from other cities? riders can take a few good photos of the famous A. The most bike-friendly city. Oresund Bridge. B. The oldest protected bike paths. Beijing, China C. An annual bicycle event. In the 197os, bicycles were the main mode of D. The most calming effect on cyclists. B transportation for people in Beijing. However, dedicated (专用的) cycle paths for cyclists were limited. Only Born to an adventure-loving mom and a National in May 2ol9, did the city launch its first specifie Geographic's photographer dad, Alison Teal was cycle path. This achievement in cycling facility is already exploring the world as a baby. The family worth a shout-out for a city with over 21 million people. traveled the globe staying not at five-star hotels but Bogota, Colombia in a six-foot-wide tent. From cold mountaintops to Bogota first introduced the concept of cycle path hot jungles, they completely involved themselves in in 1974. The idea sees cars being banned from city local nature and culture. roads every Sunday from 7 a. m. to 2 p. m., helping Between journeys, they would return home to a cyclists, runners and walkers exercise safely. Since quiet and faraway part of the Big Island of Hawaii. then, the city has slowly but steadily expanded the where they built a solar-powered oceanfront rest program, including setting up dedicated cycle paths. center. The front yard was the ocean, and Alison's As a result, Bogota now has 55okm of bike paths friends were dolphins, She would dive into the water and is the most bike-friendly city in Latin America. and release seaweed. A dolphin would catch it on its Montrial, Canada nose or fin and throw it to the next player. Over the Montreal has already established protected bike years, the dolphins grew to trust Alison. They paths since the 198os. BIXI is the city's bike-sharing looked for her and came close to her in the water. .139. After graduating from university, she continued 6. When did Alison Teal decide to shift her focus and her world travels. Her adventurous childhood and life start protecting the ocean? skills landed her a spot in the reality show Naked A. During a journey with her parents. and Afraid, in which she and her partner had to B. After her participation in a show. live on an unwelcoming island for 21 davs. Alison's C. Before her graduation from university deep knowledge of how to live in a wilderness saved D. When visiting the Big Island of Hawaii. the pair, but what shocked her was the amount of 7. What's Alison Teal's opinion about protecting the Earth? trash washed upon the shore. A. Everyone can contribute in their own ways. “After that, I couldn't ignore our plastic B. Only certain professions can make a difference problem. I shifted my focus and started to protect C. It is impossible to make any significant changes. our greatest resource. the ocean.” savs Aison D. It is the responsibility of governments and organizations. Swimming in familiar waters back home, she also found her dolphin friends were no longer tossing Work starts early on White Gate Farm in East (抛) seaweed to each other, but plastic.“That was distressing,"she says. Lyme, Connecticut. By 7 a. m., farm manager Dan Wood was at the East Lyme Post Office dropping off Her book, Alison's Adventures: Your Passport to the World, is fled with travel tales and environmental a box of fresh produce that later in the day would be lessons. She also offers free adventure films to go delivered by mail to Chelsea Gubbins, who lives along with each chapter on her YouTube and TikTok. across town Alison believes all of us can make changes to protect White Gate Farm is a member of Farmers Post the Earth and, in turn, those we love. “Whether a pilot programme that enables smallholder farms you're a lawyer, a gardener, an artist, a teacher or a across eastern Connecticut to ship fresh produce and surfer, we can all help in our own ways," she says. other farm products to local households through the 4. What can we infer from the first paragraph? United States Postal Service (USPS). Farmers Post A. Alison Teal had a comfortable life when she takes advantage of a USPS programme called Connect was young. Local that allows small businesses to offer same-day B. Alison Teal was fond of photography when she and next-day delivery at a fixed low cost. was young. Food remains in the fields because either market C. Alison Teal's parents were strict with her when prices are too low or the cost of the workforce is too she was young. high, or because the size and shape of the produce D. Alison Teal led a life close to nature when she make it unattractive to stores. Each year, around 1o was young. million tons of crops never get harvested, causing 5. What alarmed Alison Teal during her participation about 16% of total US food loss and waste. in the reality show? "Food that is wasted has a much larger influence A. The amount of trash washed upon the shore than just the loss of the food itself,"says Julia Kurnik B. The unwelcoming island where they had to live. senior director of Innovation Start-ups at WWF. C. The lack of resources in the wilderness. “Everything that went into growing it goes out the D. The dangerous situations they encountered window as well-the water, the land, and the energy. .140. D And as the food breaks down, it produces greenhouse gases. The bad effects amplify greatly." To understand the effect of ice melting around Besides reducing food waste, selling farm products the world, we first have to understand what an ice directly to local customers cuts down on the cross- sheet actually is. Covering 5. 4 million square miles in country shipping of food grown in California or elsewhere Antarctica and 656, o00 sauare miles. in Greenland This reduces the so-called food miles that researchers an ice sheet is actually a huge land of ice from the Ice believe cause about 6% of the world's greenhouse Age. These sheets form in areas where snow that gases. Fruits and vegetables, which are often transported falls in winter does not melt entirely over the summer. out of season and reauire refrigeration, produce lots This ice, home to different species of animals, is of greenhouse gases between farms and people's plates. now melting at a rate that cannot support the life it Wood understands that Farmers Post can help currently holds. to end that waste. "Farming is kind of like cooking Many of these creatures rely on ice sheets as for a big group," he says.“This is helping us get land for resting, hunting and protection, yet as the right on the money, using almost 1oo% of what we size decreases, they are forced out of their homeland grow and harvest." in search of other land on which to live, Often this 8. Why was Farmers Post started? means journeys to search for food and an imbalanced A. To provide professional modern farming methods. ecosystem happens when different species are forced B. To create more delivery jobs for local people. together onto the coast. C. To pick up and carry customers to different farms. Since the 199os, the deer population has dropped by D. To make the delivery of produce easier and cheaper. 56 percent-climate change has caused warmer temperatures 9. What may cause some US crops to remain unharvested over winter setting off rainfall instead of snow, according to the text? which freezes more guickly underfoot and makes it A. The limited need for farm products harder to walk and search for food. In the summer, B. The shortage of workers and harvesting tool frozen layers of land melts and releases trapped C. Their low value and poor quality. diseases which bring death to animals, A similar D. Bad weather and road conditions situation has fallen on the polar bears who suffered a 10. What does the underlined word "amplify" mean 40 percent population loss between 2ool2010. in Paragraph 4? Quite apart from these problems, the threat of A. Increase. B. Slow. C. Switch. D. Weaken. sea levels rising if the ice caps were to disappear is 11. Which of the following is the best title for the text? approaching. If the Greenland Ice Sheet melted, the A. The Food Safety Movement Has Met Some Challenges sea level would rise around six meters, and if the B. A Farm-to-Table Programme Helps Reduce Antarctic Ice Sheet melted, sea levels would rise by Food Waste around 20 feet. As a matter of fact, sea levels have C. Farmers Post Explores Ways to Make High risen about eight inches since 1880, three of which Quality Products we've gained over the last 25 years. This seemingly D. Small Farms Play a Leading Role in Serving small amount has already caused dangerous flooding. Communities loss of farmland and more deadly storms. ·141· While we're still a long way from losing the ice the study and a professor at Stanford University. sheets all together, we've already lost too much and “But global warming has put a drag on improvement." if we don't take climate change seriously now, we 2 .A 2ol5 study in the journal Nature projected will certainly hit the point of no return. that the average income in the poorest countries will 12. What is an ice sheet according to the passage? decline 75 percent by 2,1o0 compared to a world A. It is an area where ice never melts in summer. without warming, 3 . And a report released from B. It is a land of ice that covers all Greenland the IPCC, the UN's climate science body, showed C. It is a large area of ice that exists for centuries that if global temperatures rise more than 1. 5C by D. It is an ice world for animals to live on. the end of the century, 4 including the destruction 13. How does the melting of ice sheets affect animals of entire communities and millions of premature(早 A. It makes it easier to travel to other land 产的)deaths. B. It increases the population of sea animals Eyen before any of that research was published C. It makes their surroundings more comfortable. climate policymakers have tried to address the problem D. It causes hunger and illness among animals. of the poorest countries facing the worst effects of 14. What can we infer from Paragraph 4? rising temperatures. Early attempts at addressing A. Ice sheet will soon disappear from the Earth. global warming on the international stage included B. Sea levels are rising faster in recent years. different expectations for emissions reduction based on C. Greenland will be the first to lose all its ice. each country's level of development. Poorest countries D. All natural disasters happen due to sea level rise. received more leeway(余地,退路)while the richest 15. What could be the best title for this passage? bore extra responsibility. A. Effect of Melting Ice Sheets 5 . For example, labor productivity decreases B. Ice, Sea and Animals with extreme heat, crops produce lower yields(生产 C. Greenland and Antarctica 量)and cognitive functioning(认知功能)declines D. Changes of Sea Levels “There are a number of pathways by which temperature II.第二节 affects building blocks of economic activity," says Scientists have long predicted that warmer Diffenbaugh. temperatures caused by climate change will have the A. The new study builds on past research biggest impact on the world's poorest people. 1. B. poor countries will likely face critical challenges A study published in the Proceedings of the C. What's clear is that, for poor countries, the news National Academy of Sciences found that in most is all bad poor countries, higher temperatures are more than D. Actually, higher temperatures affect economic 90 percent likely to have resulted in decreased economic output in a variety of way output, compared to a world without global warming E. they will suffer the most, and they are already Meanwhile, wealthier nations even potentially benefit F. while some of the richest countries could experience from higher temperatures. gains in income “We're not arguing that global warming created G. New research now indicates that's already happened inequality," says Noah S. Diffenbaugh, the author of over the last several decades .142·perfect shape instead of the small,slightly wrinkled one.I 品浪费，还减少了其他地方运输水果和蔬菜带来的温室气 was wondering if she made a mistake.But she started eating 体排放，故选B项（一个从农场到餐桌的项目有助于减少食 the less attractive apple and signaled me to enjoy mine.The 物浪费)。 apple was full of juice and exploded in my mouth like a flavor D bomb.I ate each mouthful with tears of appreciation for Stella,at the same time overcome with shame for my 语篇 主题语境：人与自然/自然生态。本文为说明文， 主要介绍了冰盖融化及其彩响，呼吁人们要认真对待 selfishness in the past.From that day on,I still kept the habit 导读 气候变化问题。 of trading the food with my classmates,but I always offered 12.C 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，冰盖就是一大块 the better and more attractive one. 存在很久的冰地，故选C项。 课时作业（七） 13.D细节理解题。根据第三段前两句可知，冰盖的融化导致 动物饥饿和疾病，故选D项。 I.第一节 14.B推理判断题。根据第四段倒数第二句可推知，近年来， A 海平面上升得更快，故选B项。 语篇 主题语境：人与自然/环境保护，本文为应用文， 15,A标题归纳题。根据第一段首句以及下文对冰盖融化产 导读 介绍了四个采用绿色交通方式来减少温室气体排放的 生的影响的具体描述可知，文章主要介绍了冰盖融化的影 自行车友好型城市。 响，故选A项。 1,B细节理解题。根据Malmo,.Sweden部分末句可知，Malm心会 Ⅱ.第二节 吸引对摄影感兴趣的骑行者，放选B项。 语篇 主题语境：人与自然/人与环境。本文为议论文， 2.A细节理解题。根据Beijing,China部分末句和Bogota, 导读论述了气候变化加副了全球不平等。 Colombia部分前三句可知，北京和Bogota的共同点是都改善 1,G顺承关系。根据空前一句可知，第一段讲的内容是科学 了单车骑行设施，故选A项。 家们预测到了由于气候变化导致的温度升高对世界上最穷 3.C细节理解题。根据Montreal,Canada部分末句可知，让 蒙特利尔不同于其他城市的是它举行一年一度的自行车活 的人们的影响是最大的：第二段进一步证明了这个预测，所 以空处表示的是：通过研究，这个预测得到了证实，故选 动，故选C项。 G项。 2.A顺承关系。根据空后A2015 study…,再结合上文中的 语篇 主题语境：人与自然/环境保护，本文为记叙文， new research可知，空处要表示的意思正好和A项中的The 主要讲的是Alison Teal探索世界的故事以及她的环 导读 new study builds on past research一致，故选A项. 保理念。 3.F对比关系。根据第二段可知，研究中要比较的是最穷的 4.D推理判断题。根据第一段后两句可知，Alison年幼时过 和最富裕的国家，空前介绍是最穷国家的情况，可推知，空处 着亲近自然的生活，故选D项。 要表达的是最富裕国家的情况，故选F项。 5.A细节理解题。根据第三段末句可知，让Alison震惊的是 4.B例证关系。根据下文可知，这些都是最穷国家所面临的 海岸上的垃圾数量，故选A项。 困难，故选B项。 6.B细节理解题。根据倒数第二段前两句可知，在参加了真 5.D总分关系。根据空后的For example可知，空处是主题 人秀节目后，A1ison决定转变关注重点并开始保护海洋，故选 句，根据后面的例子可以得出结论，温度的升高会影响经济， B项。 故选D项。 7.A推理判断题。根据最后一段后两句可知，Alison相信每 课时作业（八） 个人都可以为保护地球作出贡献，无论是什么职业，我们都 可以用自己的方式提供帮助，故选A项。 I,完形填空 主题语境：人与自然/环境保护。本文为记叙文， 主题语境：人与自然/环境保护。本文为专题报 语篇 道，介绍了美国康涅狄格州邮政局的Connect Local项 导读 介绍了一种一边慢跑一边检垃圾的活动—一plog。在 语篇 享受乐趣的同时，也为保护环境尽一份力。 导读 目。这个项目不仅帮助农场直接销售农产品减少了食 1.C根据常识，早上的时候天会逐渐变亮(lighten). 品浪货，还减少了其他地方运输水果和蔬莱带来的温 2.B没有多睡几分钟，故此处指而是(instead)做了另一件事 室气体排放。 情替代。thus因此；nevertheless然而；otherwise否则。 8.D细节理解题。根据第二段可知，该项目使农产品的运输 3.D根据第4空后面的a litter grabber(垃圾夹具)可知， 更容易和更便宜，故选D项。 Murzycki是去街上寻找(hunt for)垃圾、捡垃圾。pay for为… 9.C细节理解题，根据第三段首句可知，农产品的价格低、质 支付；fight for为…战斗；account for是…的原因。 量差导致美国的很多作物依旧没有收获而留在地里，故选 4.B句意：必要的工具(necessities)是一个垃圾夹具和一个可 C项。 重复利用的购物袋。sample样品；possession拥有物：type 10.A词句猜测题。根据画线词上文可知，浪费食物就意味着 类型。 种植食物时消耗的水、土地和能源是被浪费的，同时分解食 5.C根据下文可知，购物袋的作用是用来回收(recycle)可利 物又产生了温室气体，因此糟糕的影响在不断增加，所以画 用的垃圾的。sort分类；release释放；donate捐赠。 线词与“增加”意义相近，故选A项。 6.D根据上下文可知，慢跑不仅仅是跑步，检垃圾也是目标之 11.B标题归纳题。本文介绍了美国康涅狄格州邮政局的 一。appropriately合适地；voluntarily自愿地；frequently频 Connect Local项目不仅帮助农场直接销售农产品减少了食 繁地；purposefully有目的地，故选D项。 ·181·