UNIT 10 CONNECTIONS 课文助读-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（北师大版2024）

UNIT I0 CONNECTIONS Lesson 1 难词注解 教材原文 课文翻译 1)in fact事实上，实 HOW CLOSELY CONNECTED ARE WE? 我们之间的联系有多紧密？ 际上 DResearch shows the average person only 研究表明，普通人 只与7至15个人经常保 (2>refer to参考；涉 has regular communication with between seven 持联系，而且其中大部 及；指的是；适用于 and fifteen people,and that most of our 分的交流实际上只发生 〈3>theory n.学说，理论 communication is in factwith five to ten people 在5到10个最亲近的人 (4)chain n.一连串， who are closest to us.However,perhaps we are 身上。不过，也许我们 系列；链子，链条 closer to the rest of the world than we think. 与世界上其他人的联系 比想象中的更紧密。 a chain of一连串的 "Six Degrees of Separation"refers to2 the theory “六度分隔”理论说的是 (5)no more than只 that any person on Earth can be connected to any 地球上任何人都可通过 是；仅仅 other person through a chain of no more thans> 不超过另外五个人与一 not more than不超 five other people. 个陌生人联系起来。 ①本句为主从复合句。其中含有省略that的宾 过；至多；不比… 这个概念早在20世 语从句；wh0引导定语从句。 纪20年代就被提出。匈 更… The concept was first talked about as long 牙利作家弗里吉斯·考 〈6)network n.人际 ago as the 1920s.2The Hungarian author Frigyes 林蒂在1929年出版了 关系网，联络网；网 《一切皆不同》一书，书 Karinthy published a book called Everything Is 络，网状系统 中介绍了朋友关系网的 Different in 1929,in which he introduced the 〈7)impression n.印象， 概念，许多早期关于社 idea of friendship networkss>and his ideas 交网络的构想都受到他 感想 influenced many of our early impressions7 of 思想的影响。 impress v.使钦佩， social networks. 20世纪50年代，两 使留下深刻印象 ②“called Everything Is Different'”是过去分词 位科学家试图用数学方 impressive adj.给人 法证明该理论；但20年 短语作后置定语；in which引导定语从句。 印象深刻的，令人钦 过去了，仍未成功。 In the 1950s,an attempt was made by two 佩的 1967年，美国社会学家 scientists to prove the theory mathematicallya; 斯坦利·米尔格拉姆试 <8>mathematically but after twenty years,they still had not had any 图用新的方法来验证这 adu.算术地，数学上地 success.In 1967,an American sociologist called 一理论，他称之为“小世 〈9>sociologist n.社会 Stanley Milgram tried using a new method to test 界问题”。米尔格拉姆 学家 the theory,which he called the "small-world 在美国中部随机抽取一 l0)random adj.随 部分人作为样本，让他 problem".He chose a random>sample of people in 们给马萨诸塞州的一位 机的，随意的 the middle of America and asked them to send 陌生人寄包裹。这些寄 at random随便地； packages to a stranger in the state of Massachusetts. 送包裹的人只知道这位 任意地 The people sending the packages only knew the 陌生人的姓名、工作和 randomly adu.随机 name,job and general location 2 of the stranger. 大致的位置。米尔格拉 地；任意地 Milgram told them to send the package to a 姆告诉这些人先把包裹 (11>in the middle of person they knew personallys who they thought 寄给认为有可能认识目 might know the target stranger.Once the parcel 标收件人的熟人。一旦 在…中间 此人收到包裹，他或她 12)location n.地点， had been received by this person,he/she would 就会将包裹再发给认识 位置；外景拍摄地 send the parcel onto a contact of theirs until the 的人，直到该包裹被送 locate v.确定…的 parcel could be personally delivered14 to the correct 到目标收件人手中。令 位置 person.Amazinglys,it only took between five and 人惊讶的是，这些包裹 be located in位于； seven people to get the parcels delivered,and 只需通过5至7个人就 once released,the results were published in 能送到正确的人手中。 坐落于 the bimonthly1 magazine Psychology Today.4It 结果一经公布，便发表 〈13)personally adu.就 was this research that inspired the phrase "Six 在双月刊《今日心理学》 个人而言；亲自地，本 Degrees of Separation" 上。正是这项研究启发 人地 ③本句中t作形式主语；“连词十分词”的省略结 了“六度分隔”这一说法。 person n.人 在过去的几十年 构，在句中作状语。 in person亲自 里，这一理论和说法又 ④强调句型，强调主语this research。 personal adj.个人 再次出现。它被用作戏 In the last few decades,the theory and the 剧标题和电影名称。随 的，私人的 phrase have appeared again.Its name was used 后，更多基于这一理论 14)deliver.投递， as the title of a play and then a film.Then,more 的影视节目相继拍摄、 运送；接生 films and TV programmes based on the concept 播出。例如，奥斯卡获 delivery n.递送，投 were made and broadcast.For example,the 奖影片《通天塔》就是基 递；递送物 Oscar-winning film Babel is based on the concept 于“六度分隔”这一概 〈15〉amazingly adu.令 of "Six Degrees of Separation".The lives of all 念。影片中所有人物彼 此不认识、相隔千里，但 人惊讶地；惊奇地 the characters were closely connected,although 他们的生活都是紧密相 amaze u.使惊奇，使惊愕 they did not know each other and lived thousands 连的。电视连续剧《迷 amazed ad.惊奇的， of miles apart.The television series Lost also 失》也探讨了“六度分 惊讶的 explored the idea of "Six Degrees of Separation", 隔”的理论，剧中失事飞 amazing ad.令人惊愕的 as almost all the characters had randomly met 机上儿乎所有人物此前 amazement n.惊诧， each other,or had met someone the other 都曾偶遇，或曾遇见其 惊奇 characters knew,before they were all in the same 他人物认识的人。20世 纪90年代中期，美国两 16>release u.&n.发 plane crash.In the mid-1990s,two college students in the United States invented a game. 名大学生发明了一款游 表，发布；释放 戏。这款游戏的玩法是 The idea of the game was to link any actor to <17>bimonthly adj..两 用不超过六个连结将任 Kevin Bacon,a famous American actor and 月一次的；一月两次的 意一个演员与著名演员 musician,through no more than six links.Soon 〈18)phrase n.成语， 音乐家凯文·贝肯联系起 the game was being played in universities across 习语；警句 来。这款游戏很快在美国 the United States. 的大学里流行起来。 19)recreate vt.再创 In 2001,Columbia University tried to recreate9 2001年，哥伦比亚 造；使得到娱乐/消遣 Milgram's experiment on the Internet.This became 大学尝试在互联网上重 现米尔格拉姆的实验， 〈20>confirm.确定， known as the“Columbia Small-world Project'” 被称为“哥伦比亚小世 确认；证实，证明 5The experiment involved 24,163 email chains 界项目”。这项实验涉 〈21)analyse ut.分析， with 18 target people in 13 different countries. 及24163个电子邮件链 分解(=analyze) 接，覆盖了来自13个国 The results confirmed 20>that the average number 家的18个目标人物。实 analysis n.分析 of links in the chain was six. 验结果证实，联络串上 (22>think about考虑 ⑤“with十宾语十宾语补足语”的复合结构。 的连接平均数量是6个。 最新的是2011年米 Most recently,an experiment in 2011 at the 兰大学的一项实验，该 University of Milan analysed 21>the relationship 实验分析了7.21亿社交 between 721 million social media users and found 媒体用户之间的关系， 发现92%的用户只需通 that 92 percent were connected by only four 过四个阶段（即五度分 stages,or five degrees of separation. 隔)就可建立联系。 So,think about22 it for a minute:How might 所以，思考一下这个问 you be connected to the driver of the bus you 题：你与你经常乘坐的公交 车司机或给你送包裹的人 regularly take or the person who delivers your parcels? 可能存在怎样的联系？ Lesson 3 难词注解 教材原文 课文翻译 1>stiff adj.挺的，硬 ANNE OF GREEN GABLES 绿山墙的安妮 玛丽拉看见马修到 的，不易弯曲的 Marilla saw Matthew in the front yard and 前院了，立刻冲到门口。 (2>freeze vi.&t.呆 immediately rushed to the door.But when her 但当她的目光落在那个 住：突然停止；（使）结 eyes fell on the odd little figure in the stiff, 衣服不合身又难看、长着 红色长头发、眼睛热切而 冰，（使）冻结 ugly dress,with the long red hair and the eager, 明亮的古怪小人身上时， frozen adj.结冰的； bright eyes,she froze in amazement."Matthew 她惊呆了。“马修·卡斯 冷冻的，冷藏的 Cuthbert,who's that?”she asked.“Where is the boy?” 伯特，她是谁？那个男 (3>amazementn.吃惊， “There wasn't any boy,”said Matthew.“There 孩子呢？”她问道。 “没有男孩子，只有 惊奇 was only her."He nodded at the child,remembering 她在那里。”马修答道。 amaze v.使惊奇，使惊愕 that he had never even asked her name. 他向那孩子点了点头， amazed adj.惊奇的， “No boy！But there must have been a boy,'" 突然想起自己甚至还没 有问过女孩儿的名字。 惊讶的 insisted Marilla."We sent word to Mrs Spencer “没有男孩儿！可 amazing ad.令人惊愕的 to bring a boy..” 是一定得有个男孩儿，” 〈4>grasp.&n.抓牢， "Well,she didn't.She brought her.She arrived at 玛丽拉坚持说。“我们 给斯宾塞太太捎口信要 握紧；试图抓住；理解， the train station and couldn't be left there alone. 带个男孩子来的呀。” 领悟 During this dialogue the child had remained “好吧，她没有。斯宾 〈5)spring forward向前 silent.Suddenly she seemed to grasp the full 塞太太只带来了这个孩 3 (6)clasp u.握紧，抱紧 meaning of what had been said.She sprang 子，她到了火车站，总不能 n.紧握，紧抱 forward5>a step and clasped 5>her hands."You 把她一个人扔在那儿吧。” 俩人说话时，这孩子 (7>burst into突然… don't want me!”the girl cried..“You don't want 声不吭。突然，她似乎 起来（尤指唱歌、哭、 me because I'm not a boy!I might have expected 完全明白了他们说话的意 笑等) it.I might have known it was all too beautiful to 思，冲上前一步，双手紧 握。“你们不想要我！”她 burst out闯出来；突发 last.I might have known nobody really did want 大喊道。“你们不想要我， 〈8)proceed vi..继续 me.Oh,what am I going to do?I'm going to 就因为我不是男孩儿！我 进行，继续做 早就应该料到。我早就应 burst into>tears！” 〈9>reveal.展现，显 该知道这件事太美好，无 Burst into tears she did.Sitting down on a 法持久。我早就应该想到 露；揭示，揭露 chair by the table,throwing her arms on it,and 没人真的想要我。哦，我 〈10>tear-stained adj.有 该怎么办呀？我马上就要 burying her face in them,she proceeded s>to cry 泪痕的 哭出来了！” 11)orphan n.孤儿 stormily.Marilla and Matthew looked at each 她立刻哭了起来。 一下坐到桌边的椅子上， (12>investigate vi.&u. other.Neither of them knew what to say or do. 扑在桌上，脸埋在臂弯 查明，调查，侦查 Finally Marilla stepped in to try to comfort the child. 里，放声大哭。玛丽拉和 "Well,well,there's no need to cry so about it. 马修面面相觑，都不知道 “Yes,there is need!”The child raised her 该说什么，也不知道该做 点儿什么。最后玛丽拉 head,revealing's a tear-stained face.①“You 试着走上前安慰这个孩 would cry,too,if you were an orphan and had 子。“好啦，好啦，没必要 为这事儿哭成这样。” come to a place you thought was going to be “有，有必要！”那孩子 home and found that they didn't want you 抬起头，露出一张泪痕斑 because you weren't a boy." 斑的脸。“如果你是个孤 儿，来到一个满以为会成 ①本句为主从复合句。其中f引导条件状语从句： 为自己家的地方，却发现 “you thought was going to be home'”为省略关系 他们并不想要你，因为你 副词where的定语从句；that引导宾语从句；because 不是个男孩，你也会哭的。” “好吧，别再哭了。 引导原因状语从句。 今晚我们不会送你走 "Well,don't cry anymore.We're not going 的。在我们搞清楚这件 to send you off tonight.You'll have to stay here until 事之前，你先待在这儿。 你叫什么名字？” we investigate this affair.What's your name?" “我叫安妮，”孩子 “Anne,”said the child sadly.. 悲伤地说。 "Well,come along,Anne.It's dinner time. “好的，来吧，安妮， 该吃晚饭了。”他们都坐 They all sat down for dinner but Anne could not 下来吃饭，但安妮吃不下。 eat.She tried to enjoy the bread and butter and 她试着吃点儿面包、黄 油和摆在她盘子旁边小 the apple jam out of the little glass dish by her 玻璃碟里的苹果酱，但 plate but she had no appetite. ·点胃口都没有。 13>sigh n.&vi.叹 “You're not eating anything,”said Marilla “你什么都没吃，”玛 息，叹气 sharply,Deying her as if it were a serious problem. 丽拉严厉地说，眼睛盯着 (14>despair n.绝望 Anne sighed."I can't.I'm in the depths of despair 她，好像这是个严重的问 题。安妮叹了口气。“我 Can you eat when you are in the depths of s despair?" in despair绝望地，失 吃不下。我彻底绝望了。 ②此处为现在分词短语作状语，其中asi迁引导方 你彻底绝望的时候还能 望地 式状语从句，意为“好像”。 吃得下东西吗？” <15>in the depths of "I've never been in the depths of despair,so “我从来没有完全 在……的深处 I can't say,"respondeds>Marilla. 绝望的时候，所以没法 回答，”玛丽拉回答道。 〈16>respond vi.回答； "Weren't you?Well,did you ever try to “你没有过吗？好吧， 作出反应 imagine you were in the depths of despair?" 那你有没有试着想象自己 “No,I didn't.” respond to响应 陷入了绝望的深渊？” “I guess she's tired,”said Matthew.. “Best “不，没想过。” in response to对： put her to bed,Marilla." “我想她一定是累 有反应 Marilla had been wondering where 了，”马修说。“最好让 Anne 她去睡觉吧，玛丽拉。” (17>three-legged should be put to bed.She decided on the small 玛丽拉一直在想应 ad.三条腿的；三脚的 bedroom.3 She lit a candle and told Anne to 该让安妮睡在哪里，最 〈18>turn down减小， follow her,which Anne did,taking her hat and 后决定安排在一间小卧 关小，调低；拒绝 bag from the hall table as she passed.The hall 室。她点了根蜡烛，叫 was perfectly clean;the little room in which 安妮跟着她。安妮跟了 l9)bare adj.空的， she found herself seemed still cleaner. 上来，路过大厅时从桌 无装饰的；赤裸的，裸 子上拿起自己的帽子和 ③本句为主从复合句。其中which引导定语从句； 包。大厅非常干净，她 露的 现在分词短语“taking her hat and bag from the 发现自己进来的这间小 〈20)faucet.水龙头 hall table'”作状语；as引导时间状语从句。 屋似乎更干净。 (2l>shiver n,&ui.颤 ④“介词十which"引导定语从句，修饰先行词the little room 玛丽拉把蜡烛放在 一张三腿桌上，铺开床 抖，哆嗦，发抖 Marilla set the candle on a three-legged 褥。“好了，赶快脱掉衣 table and turned down the bedclothes."Well, 〈22)bone n.骨头；骨质 服上床睡觉吧，几分钟 undress as quick as you can and go to bed.I'll 后我会回来拿蜡烛，我 23>sobn.&i.&. come back in a few minutes for the candle.I 可不放心让你自己吹灭 抽噎，啜泣；哭诉 daren't trust you to put it out yourself.You'd 蜡烛，你很可能会放火 (24>pillow n.枕头 likely set the place on fire. 烧了这个地方。” 玛丽拉走后，安妮 〈25)pick up捡起；获 When Marilla had gone,Anne looked 悲伤地环顾四周。四周 得；收拾；（汽车、飞机） around her sadly.The whitewashed walls were so 的墙壁粉刷得雪白，什 painfully bare 1.The floor was bare,too.5In 乘载；不费力地学会 么装饰也没有。地板上 one corner was the bed,a high,old-fashioned 也空荡荡的，角落里有 (26>awkwardly adu.笨 one of dark wood.Midway between table and bed 一张床，一张高高的老 拙地；无技巧地 was the window,6 with an icy white curtain 式深色木床。桌子和床 的中间有一扇窗，窗上 awkward adj.令人尴 over it.There was no restroom,but there was a 挂着一块冰白色的窗 尬的，使人难堪的 wash stand with a faucet 20 in the other corner. 帘。房间里没有洗手 The whole room felt cold and unwelcoming, 间，但另一个角落有一 <27>disapprovingly which sent a shiver2 through Anne's bones 22) 个带水龙头的洗漱台。 adv.不以为然地；非 With a sob 2s she quickly undressed,put on her 整个房间让人感到寒冷 而陌生，安妮浑身打了 难地；不赞成地 nightclothes and jumped into bed where she 个冷战。她抽泣着，迅 pressed her face down into the pillow 2 and disapprove v.不赞成， 速脱下衣服，穿上睡衣， pulled the clothes over her head. 跳到床上，把脸埋在枕头 反对；不批准，否决 ⑤表示地点的介词短语置于句首，句子完全倒装。 里，拉过棉被蒙住脑袋。 〈28)dive vi.扑向，急 ⑥with的复合结构。 玛丽拉回来取蜡烛 冲进；跳水，潜水 When Marilla came up for the light,she saw 时，看到安妮的衣服乱 七八糟地扔在地上，便 〈29>frown vi.皱眉 the untidy way the clothing had been thrown on 仔细地拾起衣服，整齐 〈30>resolutely adu.坚 the floor.She carefully picked up25 Anne's 地放在黄色的椅子上， 决地，坚定地 clothes,placed them neatly on a yellow chair, 然后拿起蜡烛，走到床 and then,taking up the candle,went over to the 边。“晚安，”她口气有些 bed."Good night,"she said,a little awkwardly, 生硬，但透着一丝温情。 but not unkindly. 安妮从被子里露出 苍白的脸蛋和大眼睛。 ⑦现在分词短语taking up the candle作状语。 “你明明知道这一定是 Anne's white face and big eyes appeared 我度过的最糟糕的一 over the bedclothes."How can you call it a good 晚，还说什么晚安呢？” night when you know it must be the very worst 她反驳道。然后又钻进 night I've ever had?"she said disapprovingly 20 了被子里。 Then she dived 2 down into the bedclothes again. 马修上床睡觉了。 玛丽拉收拾完盘子，紧紧 To bed went Matthew.And to bed,when 地皱着眉头，也回到房间 she had put her dishes away,went Marilla, 休息了。楼上东山墙那边 frowning 29>most resolutely 30.And upstairs,in 的房间里，一个孤独、心灰 the east gable,a lonely,heart-hungry,friendless 意冷、没有朋友的孩子，哭 child cried herself to sleep. 泣着进人了梦乡。 UNIT I CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE Lesson 1 难词注解 教材原文 课文翻译 〈1)drummer n.鼓手 LIVING IN A COMMUNITY 社区生活 drum vi..击鼓，打歧 Drummer Hits the Road 鼓手走人 〈2>pack vi.&t.打包 n.包，包裹 Ma Ming,D drummer for the rock band 摇滚乐队“暴风雨” 的鼓手马明不得不收拾 pack up整理；把… “Storm”,had to pack his bags.He moved out 行李，搬出租用的公寓， 打包 of 3>his rented flat after complaints from his 因为邻居们投诉他扰乱 (3>move out of搬出； neighbours about disturbing the peace. 社区的宁静。 脱离；摆脱 ①此处为同位语，进一步解释说明主语】 马明是个单身汉， (4>complaint n.投诉 Being single,Ma Ming often held parties at 经常在晚上开派对，但 complain.抱怨，投诉 night,but the biggest problem was his tendencys to 最大的问题是他常常打 (5 tendency n.趋势， 鼓到深夜。邻居说他们 趋向 drum late at night.Ma Ming's neighbours said 都快被这样的噪声逼疯 6