易错点07 句子成分、结构与构词法(四大易错点+易错通关练)-备战2025年中考英语考试易错题(浙江专用)

易错点07 句子成分、结构与构词法 目录 Group 1 句子成分及简单句的基本类型 Group 2 连词的种类、用法与并列句 Group 3 反意疑问句的结构及用法 Group 4 初中英语常见的五种构词方法 句子成分及简单句的基本类型 一、句子成份概要 成分 作用 充当此成分的词语 主语 动作的执行者 名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式等 谓语 说明主语“做什么” 行为动词、连系动词、情态动词+动词原形、助动词+行为动词 表语 说明主语的身份、特征或状态 名词、数词、形容词、副词、分词或动词不定式等 宾语 跟在及物动词或“不及物动词+介词”后 名词、代词、动词不定式或动名词等 定语 修饰名词或代词 形容词、名词、数词或动词不定式等 状语 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整句话 副词、介词短语、动词不定式短语或从句等 补足 语 补充说明 动词不定式短语、名词、形容词或分词等 二、简单句的分类1（成分结构） 类　型 谓语动词举例或说明 例句分析 主语(S)+不及物动词(Vi) sleep、walk、happen、come、go、laugh等 They are walking. 　S　　Vi 主语(S)+系动词(V)+表语(P) be、become、look、get、feel、seem等 I feel very happy. S V　　　　P 主语(S)+及物动词(Vt)+宾语(O) 及物动词后必须跟宾语,不及物动词不能直接跟宾语 She speaks English very well. S 　Vt　　O　 主语(S)+及物动词(Vt)+间接宾语(IO)+直接宾语(DO) give、pass、lend、send、show、buy、make、find、draw、teach等 He teaches us English. S　Vt　 IO　 DO 主语(S)+及物动词(Vt)+宾语(O)+宾语补足语(OC) make、call、find、have、ask、tell、keep、want、hear等 He found the book interesting. S　Vt　　O　　　OC 三、简单句的分类2（句法用途） 陈述句 概念 陈述观点或看法的句子,句末用句点 肯定句 表示肯定意思的句子 否定句 含有否定词not、no、never、seldom、hardly等的句子 疑问句 一般疑问句 (用yes、no来回答) be型:用be动词来回答 do、does、did、have、has、had、will、would 型:用什么问,就用什么来回答 can、may、must型:must 的一般疑问句的否定回答用needn’t或don’t/doesn’t have to;may的一般疑问句的否定回答用can’t 特殊疑问句(以wh-或how开头的疑问句) 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句? 选择疑问句(不能用yes、no来回答) 一般疑问句+or+选择部分? —Do you like Beijing or Shanghai? —I like Beijing. 反意疑问句 “前肯后否,前否后肯”,用yes、no来回答 祈使句 否定句 Don’t+肯定祈使句. Be型 Be careful./Don’t be careless. Do型 Listen to me carefully. Let型 Let me help you. 感叹句 What型 What+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! What+adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语! How型 How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语! 1．Don’t look! You should keep your eyes ________. A．close B．closing C．closed D．closes 【答案】C 【解析】句意：不要看！你应该闭上眼睛。 考查固定搭配。close关闭，动词原形；closing关闭，动名词形式；closed关着的，形容词；closes关闭，动词第三人称单数。keep sth adj“保持某物是……的状态”，此处用形容词closed。故选C。 2．The letter she looked forward to ______. A．coming at last B．came at last C．coming lately D．come at last 【答案】B 【解析】句意：她盼望的信终于来了。 考查句子结构以及动词时态。分析句子结构可知，“she looked forward to”作letter的定语，空处缺少的是谓语成分，应填动词作谓语，排除A和C选项。根据looked可知，是描述过去发生的事情，动词用过去式，故选B。 3．—Which girl is your cousin? —________. A．The one in a red coat B．The one wears a red coat C．The one is in a red coat D．The one is wearing a red coal 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——哪个女孩是你的表妹？ ——穿红色外套的那个。 考查特殊疑问句。The one in a red coat穿红色外套的那个；The one wears a red coat那个人穿着红色外套；The one is in a red coat那个人穿着红色外套；The one is wearing a red coat那个人正穿着红色外套。根据前句“Which girl is your cousin?”可知，要回答“穿红色外套的那个”，此处in a red coat作定语修饰the one，故选A。 4．—Is that a picture of your mother? —Yes, that was 　　　　15 years ago. A．she B．her C．hers D．herself 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——那是你妈妈的照片吗？——是的，那是15年前的她。考查代词辨析。she她，人称代词主格；her她，她的，人称代词宾格或者形容词性物主代词；hers她的，名词性物主代词；herself她自己，反身代词。此空位于be动词was后作表语，因此用人称代词的宾格，因此选her。故选B。 【注意】难点突破：要注意her既是人称代词宾格，又是形容词性物主代词。宾格用法容易被忽略而造成做题困难。 5．Jessie will get together with her friends ________, which makes her ________ really excited. A．on this Friday, feel B．this Friday, feel C．on this Friday, feels D．this Friday, feels 【答案】B 【解析】句意：杰西这个星期五要和她的朋友们聚在一起，这让她感到很兴奋。 考查时间状语及非谓语动词。指示代词this前不加介词on，this Friday“这个星期五”，排除AC；make sb. do sth.“使某人做某事”，用省略to的不定式feel作宾语补足语。故选B。 6．I ________ think Mike ________ in China now. A．not; is B．don’t; is C．/; isn’t D．don’t; isn’t 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我认为迈克现在不在中国。 考查宾语从句的否定转移。分析成分可知，从“Mike”开始到句末为宾语从句，且其主句的谓语动词为think，那么此宾语从句的否定一般转移到主句上，所以第二空应填is，排除C和D；“not+动词原形think”不是完整的谓语，所以第一空应填助动词don’t。故选B。 7．There is something wrong with my father’s computer. He wants to have someone ________ it and have it ________. A．check; repair B．check; repaired C．checked; repaired D．checked; repair 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我爸爸的电脑出问题了。他想让人检查一下并把它修好。 考查非谓语动词。have此处表示“使，让”，属于使役动词，后接宾语和宾语补足语；当宾语和宾补构成主动关系时，用have sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”；当宾语和宾补构成被动关系时，用have sth. done“让某事/物被做”；根据语境可知，第一个空“某人检查”为主动，用check，第二个空“电脑被修理”为被动，用repaired。故选B。 8．—Did you see a girl in a red skirt ________？ —No, I didn't. A．to walking by B．walks by C．to walk by D．walk by 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——你看见一个穿红裙子的女孩走过吗？——不，我没看见。 考查非谓语动词。see sb. do sth.看见某人做某事，此处用省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选D。 9．Here _________three pencils and a pen. A．am B．is C．are D．isn’t 【答案】C 【解析】句意：这里有三支铅笔和一支钢笔。 考查就近原则。Here引导的倒装句遵循就近原则，即谓语与离其最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致；距离谓语be动词最近的主语“three pencils”为复数，所以be动词也用复数are。故选C。 10．Your words made me ______ confident, and I began to make cakes ______. A．feel; carefully B．to feel; carefully C．feel; careful D．to feel; careful 【答案】A 【解析】句意：你的话让我感到自信，我开始认真地做蛋糕。 考查动词make和副词的用法。前半句中的“make”是使役动词，因此后面接动词原形作宾语补足语；后半句中的“make”是“制作”之意，是行为动词，因此用副词修饰。故选A。 11．—Must I finish that work today, Mr. Cheng? —No, you ________. You may finish it in five days. A．needn’t to B．mustn’t C．don’t have to D．don’t need 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——我今天必须完成那项工作吗，程先生？——不，你不需要。你可以在五天内完成它。 考查情态动词。根据“Must I finish that work today, Mr. Cheng?”可知，此处是回答情态动词must开头的一般疑问句，肯定回答应是Yes，主语+must；否定回答应是No，主语+needn’t/don‘t have to。故选C。 12．What time ________ the child________ his homework? A．does; does B．does; do C．do; does D．do; do 【答案】B 【解析】句意：孩子什么时候做的作业？ 考查特殊疑问句。这是一个特殊疑问句，后面的动词是do，且主语是the child，故前面要借助助动词does来完成句子，加了助动词，后面要接动词原形。故选B。 13．—The car’s not broken down, ________? —________. It is working well. A．is it; No B．has it; Yes C．has it; No D．is it; Yes 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——车没有坏，对吧？——是的。它运行得很好。   考查反意疑问句的用法。反意疑问句的结构是：陈述句 + 简短问句。如果陈述句是否定的，简短问句则用肯定形式；如果陈述句是肯定的，简短问句则用否定形式。根据“The car’s not broken down”可知，陈述句是否定的，因此简短问句应该用肯定形式。第一空所在的句子是现在完成时，故此处缩写“’s”对应的完整形式是has，反意疑问句的助动词也用has。回答部分“It is working well”表明车没有坏，因此应该用“No”来回答。故选C。 14．—________ excellent advice it is! I’m sure to have a wonderful summer vacation. —I’m so glad that you like it. A．How B．What C．What a D．What an 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——这是极好的建议！我肯定会有一个美妙的暑假。——我很高兴你喜欢它。 考查感叹句。advice是不可数名词，此处用“What+形容词+不可数名词+主谓”结构。故选B。 15．— David, remember not to leave your homework at home and ________ it to school tomorrow. —________, I ________, Miss Zhao. A．take; No; won’t B．take; Yes; will C．bring; No; won’t D．bring; Yes; will 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——大卫，记得别把作业落在家里，明天带到学校来。 ——好的，赵老师，我会的。 考查祈使句的回答和动词辨析。take强调把东西从说话者所在处带到别处；bring强调把东西从别处带到说话者所在处。根据语境可知，老师提醒David不要忘记带作业到学校，因此这里应用bring“带来”，排除A和B；然后，David的回答应该是肯定的，表示他会记住带作业，所以第二个空用“Yes”；第三个空用“will”，表示他会这样做，排除C。故选D。 连词的种类、用法与并列句 一、连词的种类与用法 （一）并列连词:表示转折、因果、选择和并列关系。 连词 例句 转折 关系 but但是,可是 My father is tired,but he still keeps on working. while而,然而 I like singing,while my sister likes dancing. 因果 关系 so因此,所以 The girl was ill,so she had to stay at home. for因为 I have to turn off my computer,for my mother comes back. 选择 关系 or或者;否则 Hurry up,or you’ll miss the last bus. either...or... 或者……或者……, 不是……就是…… Either you or he likes talking in class. You can either go to the movies or play basketball. 并列 关系 and和,又,及 My father and I went to Paris last month. both...and... 两者都, 既……又…… Both he and his girlfriend are from Canada. not only...but also... 不但……而且…… Not only we but also he likes living in Zunyi. neither...nor...既不……也不…… Neither he nor I am good at swimming. （二）从属连词 1.引导状语从句的连词 连词 例句 表示条件 if如果 You’ll be punished if you do wrong. unless=if not除非 You’ll not get good grades unless you work hard. 表示原因 because因为 He wasn’t at school because he was ill in bed. since由于 I don’t know how to do it,since it is the first time. as由于;鉴于 We all like our English teacher as she is funny. 表示时间 when当……的时候 When the teacher came in,we were laughing. while在……期间;和……同时 While we were laughing,the teacher came in. as随着 As the girl grew,she became more and more beautiful. after在……以后 I’ll go swimming after the rain stops. before在……以前 Remember to turn off the light before you leave the room. as soon as一……就…… I’ll tell him the good news as soon as I see him. since自从 It’s been 10 years since he left Zunyi. whenever无论何时 You can ask for help whenever you need it. till/until直到……为止 Children dance to the music until the music stops. 表示结果 so...that如此……以至于……(so修饰adj.或adv.) The little boy was so tired that he fell asleep fast. such...that如此……以至于…… (such修饰n.) This is such an interesting book that I want to read it again. 表示让步 though/although虽然 Though/Although I am the only girl,I can do many things. even if/even though即使 Even if/Even though they are right,the meeting will not be over. 表示地点 where在……地方 Keep it where you can see it. wherever无论在哪里 Wherever I may be,I will study hard. 表示比较 as...as...和……一样 My teacher is as kind as my mother. not as/so...as...不及……;比不上…… I’m not as/so careful as my sister. than比……更…… English is more interesting than geography. 表示方式 as正如 As you can see,he is full of confidence. as if/though好像;似乎 He looked as if he was ill. 2.引导宾语从句的连词 连词 例句 that (无含义,可省略) My teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun. whether/if (是否) I wonder if he is from Canada. 连接代词 who谁 He asked me who was an actor. whom谁 Do you know whom the boy is? whose谁的 I don’t know whose wallet it is. what什么 I don’t know what I should do next. which哪一个 Can you tell me which bus I should take? 连接副词 when何时 We don’t know when we’ll meet again. why为什么 The teacher didn’t know why the girl was late. how怎样 Can you show me how you play the computer games? 二、并列句:简单句+并列连词+简单句 类型 并列连词 表平行 and,both...and...,not only...but also...,neither...nor...,as well as 表选择 or,not...but...(不是……而是……),either...or...(要么……要么……) 表转折 but,yet(然而),while(而) 表因果 as,for,so 16．Tom gave Ben his brush __________ worry on his face _______ joy in his heart. A．with; and B．with; but C．without; and D．without; but 【答案】B 【解析】句意：汤姆把刷子递给本，脸上带着忧虑，心里却很高兴。 考查介词和连词的用法。with具有；and和，又；but但是；without没有。根据“Tom gave Ben his brush … worry on his face”可知，此处是指汤姆把刷子递给本时，脸上带着忧虑的表情，应用介词with“带着”，表示伴随，排除C和D；根据“worry on his face”和“joy in his heart”可知，此处应用并列连词but连接两个对比的成分，排除A。故选B。 17．—I like Chinese very much. —Really? My brother likes it, too, ________ I don’t. A．so B．and C．because D．but 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——我非常喜欢中文。——真的吗？我哥哥也喜欢，但我不喜欢。 考查连词辨析。so所以；and和；because因为；but但是。根据“My brother likes it, too...I don’t”可知，两句是转折关系，故选D。 18．—I don’t know what to wear to Tom’s birthday party. —You can wear ________ the red dress ________ the white skirt. A．from...to B．between...and C．either...or D．not...but 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——我不知道穿什么去参加汤姆的生日聚会。——你可以穿红连衣裙，也可以穿白短裙。 考查固定短语。from...to从……到……；  between...and在……和……之间；either...or或者……或者……；not...but不是……而是……。由上句“I don’t know what to wear to Tom’s birthday party”知，此句是说穿红连衣裙和白短裙都可以，故选C。 19．—Excuse me, ________ can you spell it, please? —Sorry, ________ I don’t know. A．and; and B．but; but C．and; but D．but; and 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——打扰一下，你能拼一下吗？——对不起，我不知道。 考查连词辨析。and和；but但是。第一个空，“Excuse me, but”是习惯性用法，表示给出理由；第二空根据“Sorry”可知后面表示转折，故选B。 20．—Cellphones (手机) help us a lot, ________ we shouldn’t allow them to control our lives. —I agree with you. A．but B．and C．or D．so 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——手机帮助我们很多，但我们不应该让它们控制我们的生活。——我同意你的看法。 考查连词辨析。but但是；and和，又；or否则，要不然；so因此。根据下文“we shouldn’t allow them to control our lives.”和上文之间存在转折关系，用连词but，故选A。 21．— Do you know Nick, Lucy? — Sure, he’s so famous. ________ he has no arms and legs, ________ he can look after himself well and travel all over the world. A．Although; / B．Because; / C．Although; but D．Because; so 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——你知道尼克吗，露西？——当然，他非常有名。虽然他没有胳膊和腿，但是他能照顾好自己，周游世界。 考查连词辨析。Although虽然；Because因为；but但是；so所以。分析“…he has no arms and legs…he can look after himself well and travel all over the world”可知，此处表示“虽然……但是……”，前后构成转折关系，又因为英语中的关联词不能同时出现，故选A。 22．The dress you bought is really nice, ________it’s too small for me. A．but B．or C．and D．so 【答案】A 【解析】句意：你买的衣服真漂亮，但对我来说太小了。 考查连词。but但是；or或者；and和，又；so所以。根据前面“The dress you bought is really nice”可知衣服真漂亮，结合空后“it’s too small for me. 对我来说太小了”可知，前后是转折关系，所以应该用but。故选A。 23．—I don’t think you have enough time for all this work. —So _______ you _______ your sister are needed to give a hand. A． not only; but also B．either; or C．neither; nor D．both; and 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——我认为你没有足够的时间做这些工作。   ——所以你和你妹妹都需要帮忙。 考查并列连词。not only…but also…：不但……而且……，后面的谓语动词要与but后面的主语保持一致；either…or…：或者……或者……，后面的谓语动词要与or后面的主语保持一致；neither…nor…：既不……也不……，后面的谓语动词要与nor后面的主语保持一致；选项A/B/C都有就近原则，谓语与最近的主语保持一致，本题的主语your sister 是单数，因此谓语用is，故排除。both…and…：意思是“两者都……”，后面的谓语动词要用复数，而本题就是复数are，因此D正确。故选D。 24．A man cannot smile like a child, a child smiles with his eyes, while a man smiles with his lips alone. A．so B．but C．and D．for 【答案】D 【解析】句意：一个人不能像个孩子微笑，因为孩子用眼睛笑，而大人独自用嘴唇笑。 考查连词和语境辨析。so所以，因此；but但是；and和，与；for因为。根据句意后面解释前一句的原因，可知用介词for，故选D。 25．This is ________a German book________ an English book. It’s a French book. A．either; or B．not only; but also C．both; and D．neither; nor 【答案】D 【解析】句意：这既不是一本德语书也不是一本英语书。这是一本法语书。 考查连词。A. either; or或者……或者……；B. not only; but also不仅……而且……；C. both; and二者都……；D. neither; nor既不……也不……，表两者都不。根据句意可知，这本书既不是德语书也不是英语书，而是一本法语书，表二者都不，故选D。 26．It’s winter ________ people are wearing warm clothes and gloves. A．because B．so C．although D．when 【答案】B 【解析】句意：冬天了，所以人们穿着暖和的衣服和戴着手套。 A. because因为，引导原因状语从句；B. so因此、所以，用来连接两个简单句，这两个简单句有意思上的因果关系。C. although尽管；D. when当……的时候，引导时间状语从句。根据原级，表示结果，用so引导结果状语从句，所以本题答案选B。 27．_________ do you prefer, milk ________ orange juice? A．What; or B．Which; and C．What; and D．Which; or 【答案】D 【解析】句意：你更喜欢哪种，牛奶还是橙汁？ What什么；or还是，表示选择；Which哪一种；and和，表示并列。本题是指牛奶还是橙汁，表示选择故选，因此排除B/C；what用于无(特定)选择，有选择的用which，本题有特定的选择（milk 和 orange juice），因此用which。故选D。 28．_________ learning English, we want you to experience the life in the USA． A．As good as B．So well as C．As well as D．As better as 【答案】C 【解析】句意：除了学习英语以外，我们还希望让你能体验一下美国的生活。 根据句意理解可知，这里是考查as well as的引申义的用法，表示的是“除……之外”，四个选项只有C选项有这个用法，其他三个选项都只表示“和……一样好”，所以选择C。 【注意】注意as well as的用法。本义是“和……一样好”，是副词原级的用法，否定可以用not so well as或者not as well as；比如：He speaks English as well as her。用于引申义是“不但……而且”，“即是……也是”；比如He grows flowers as well as vegetables。还要注意“A as well as B”这一结构中强调的重点是A，而不是B，注意翻译就好；比如She is clever as well as beautiful.（她不止漂亮，还聪明。），强调的是clever。 29．________ there is life, there is hope. A．When B．Which C．Where D．That 【答案】C 【解析】句意：有生命就有希望。 考查状语从句引导词。when当……时，引导时间状语从句；which用于疑问句或定语从句；where在……地方，引导地点状语从句；that通常引导名词性从句或强调句，无法连接状语从句。题目考查固定句型“Where there is…, there is…”，意为“哪里有……，哪里就有……”。where引导地点状语从句，表示在存在前者的地方就有后者。故选C。 30．You are allowed to use the emergency exit ________there is a fire. A．after B．because C．unless D．in case 【答案】D 【解析】句意：如果发生火灾，你可以使用紧急出口。 考查连词。after在……之后，引导时间状语从句；because因为，引导原因状语从句；unless除非，引导条件状语从句；in case，如果，固定短语，引导条件状语从句。根据主句“You are allowed to use the emergency exit”和选项可知，从句表示"如果发生火灾"，要用in case，引导条件状语从句。故选D。 反意疑问句的结构及用法 1.陈述部分含有前、后缀否定词dislike、unhappy、unlike、impossible、careless等时,要“前肯后否”。 Tom dislikes studying,doesn’t he? Linda is unhappy now,isn’t she? 2.陈述部分是there be 句型时,附加疑问句中不能把there改成it、they。 There was an exciting movie last night,wasn’t there? 3.除let’s 祈使句的附加疑问句为shall we外,其余祈使句的附加疑问句均为will you。 Let us walk to the mountain,will you? Let’s walk to the mountain,shall we? 4.前否后肯的反意疑问句回答时,yes和no的含义交换。 (1)—You have never been late for school,have you? —No,I haven’t.(是的,我从不迟到。) I always get up early every morning. (2)—She isn’t your sister,is she? —Yes,she is.(不,她是我姐姐。) —No,she isn’t.(是的,她不是我姐姐。) 5.had better 的附加疑问句由had构成。 He’d better not stay up late,had he? 6.have/has/had 在完成时和不在完成时中的附加疑问句: (1)Lily has never been to London,has she? (2)They had a good time in Hainan,didn’t they? (3)Tony has to do housework on weekends,doesn’t he? 7.I am 的附加疑问句是aren’t I。 I am right,aren’t I? 31．I think he is unhappy about having to study on Saturday, ________? A．do I B．don’t I C．is he D．isn’t he 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我想他因为星期六必须学习而不高兴，不是吗？ 考查反意疑问句。宾语从句的主句主语为I，谓语动词为think，此时反意疑问句需要和从句对应，从句中的谓语动词是be动词is，排除A、B；陈述部分用了带否定词缀的派生词unhappy，句子还是表示肯定，所以附加疑问部分用否定。故选D。 32．Pansy rarely set off so early, _________? A．does she B．doesn’t she C．did she D．didn’t she 【答案】C 【解析】句意：潘西很少这么早出发，是吗？ 考查反意疑问句。反意疑问句遵循“前肯后否，前否后肯”原则。空前有否定意义的词rarely“很少”，所以反问部分用肯定，排除B、D选项。根据“Pansy rarely set...”可知，此处句子主语为三单，谓语动词用的set，说明此处set为过去式，故句子是一般过去时，故助动词应用did，故选C。 33．There’s _________ juice in the fridge, is there? A．some B．much C．little D．a little 【答案】C 【解析】句意：冰箱里几乎没有果汁，是吗？ 考查反意疑问句。some一些；much许多；little几乎没有，表示否定含义；a little一点，少许。后面附加问句“is there?”用肯定形式，前面就用否定形式。little“几乎没有”表否定含义符合语境，故选C。 34．—She’s already back from the USA, ________? — ________. She has been there for nearly two months. A．isn’t she; Yes B．hasn’t she; Yes C．hasn’t she; No D．isn’t she; No 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——她已经从美国回来了，不是吗？ ——不。她在那里已经将近两个月了。 考查反意疑问句。根据“She’s already back from the USA,”可知，前句用be back表示回来，故she’s的完整形式为she is；根据反意疑问句“前肯后否”的原则，反意疑问部分为isn’t she，排除B和C；根据答语“She has been there for nearly two months.”可知，她还没有回来，表示否定，用No，排除A。故选D。 35．I think classical music is wonderful, ________? A．do I B．don’t I C．is it D．isn’t it 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我认为古典音乐很棒，不是吗？ 考查反意疑问句。反意疑问句遵循“前肯后否，前否后肯”原则。“I think+宾语从句”在变反意疑问句时，疑问部分应根据从句来确定。本句的从句为“classical music is wonderful”，是肯定句，且有be动词is，故疑问部分用isn’t it。故选D。 36．Jill eats too much spicy food every day, _______? A．isn’t she B．is she C．doesn’t she D．does she 【答案】C 【解析】句意：吉尔每天吃太多辣的食物，是吗？ 考查反意疑问句。反意疑问句遵循“前肯后否，前否后肯”。本句陈述部分是肯定句，反问部分用否定，排除BD选项；句子是一般现在时，eats是实义动词，所以后半句中助动词应用doesn’t。故选C。 37．—He’s just back from work, _________?     —__________. He is having a rest in the room. A．hasn’t he; Yes, he has B．has he; No, he hasn’t C．isn’t he; Yes, he is D．is he; No, he isn’t 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——他刚下班回来，不是吗？——是的，他正在房间里休息。 考查反意疑问句。这是反意疑问句，前半部分是肯定句，后半部分用否定形式，故排除BD；根据“He’s just back”可知He’s是He is的缩写，所以用isn’t he反问；由“He is having a rest in the room.”可知，这里是肯定回答，所以是Yes, he is。故选C。 38．The citizens of Troy didn’t realize that the enemies came back again in the darkness, ________? A．did they B．didn’t they C．were they D．weren’t they 【答案】A 【解析】句意：特洛伊的市民没有意识到敌人在黑暗中再次回来，是吗？ 考查反意疑问句。反意疑问句满足“前肯后否，前否后肯”的原则，主句是否定形式“didn’t realize”，所以反意疑问部分应该用肯定形式“did they”。故选A。 39．—More than 20 international students will go on a school trip with us next week, ________? —Yes, they will. A．won’t they B．will they C．don’t they D．do they 【答案】A 【解析】句意：—— 下周将有 20 多名国际学生和我们一起去学校旅行，不是吗？—— 是的，他们会的。 考查反意疑问句。本句是反意疑问句，结构是“陈述句+简短疑问句”，遵循“前肯后否，前否后肯”的原则。陈述句部分“More than 20 international students will go on a school trip with us next week” 是肯定句，时态是一般将来时，“will”的否定形式是“won’t”，陈述句部分主语是“More than 20 international students”，在简短疑问句中用代词“they” 来指代，因此使用“won’t they”。故选A。 40．—Jenny had nothing for breakfast, ________ she? —________. She had some bread and milk. A．did; Yes B．did; No C．had; Yes D．had; No 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——珍妮早餐什么都没吃，是吗？ ——不，她吃了。她吃了一些面包，喝了一些牛奶。 考查反意疑问句。反意疑问句遵循“前肯后否”或“前否后肯”原则，句子含有“nothing”，且谓语“had”为实义动词，因此疑问部分要用肯定，且要借助助动词did，排除C和D；反意疑问句的答语，依据事实回答，根据下文“She had some bread and milk.”可知，她吃了早饭，应用“No”作答，排除A。故选B。 41．Maria can hardly speak English,________ ? A．can she B．can’t Maria C．can’t she D．can Maria 【答案】A 【解析】句意：Maria几乎不会讲英语，是吗？ 考查反意疑问句。根据“Maria can hardly speak English,... ?”可知，前句有“hardly” ，句子是否定句，按照反意疑问句的规则，后半句要用肯定形式。前半句中有情态动词“can”，那么后半句也应该用“can”，主语是“Maria”，在反意疑问句中常用代词she来代替“Maria” 。故选A。 42．— There are so many cars in the street at rush hours, ______ there? — Yes, to keep safe, we should avoid ______ this street too hurriedly. A．are, to cross B．aren’t, to cross C．are, crossing D．aren’t, crossing 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——在交通高峰期，这条街上有很多车，不是吗？——是的，为了安全，我们应该避免太匆忙地穿过街道。 考查反义疑问句及非谓语动词。根据“There are so many cars...”可知反义疑问句应用否定句形式，排除AC；avoid doing sth.“避免做某事”，其后应接动名词作宾语。排除B。故选D。 43．Frank never drinks milk, ________? A．isn’t he B．doesn’t he C．is he D．does he 【答案】D 【解析】句意：弗兰克从来不喝牛奶，不是吗？ 考查反意疑问句。根据“never”可知，在反意疑问句中，陈述部分采用否定句，则附加疑问部分应用肯定句，drinks为实义动词，因此应用助动词does。故选D。 44．Let us make a travel guide this afternoon, ________? A．shall we B．will you C．don’t you D．aren’t we 【答案】B 【解析】句意：让我们今天下午做一本旅游指南，好吗？ 考查反意疑问句。shall we用在Let’s开头祈使句后，构成反意疑问句；will you用在祈使句后，构成反意疑问句。分析句子结构可知，本句一个祈使句，所以要用will you来构成反意疑问句。故选B。 45．— Pass me the encyclopaedia, ________? — Sure, with pleasure. A．don’t you B．will you C．do you D．shall we 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——把百科全书递给我，好吗？ ——当然，我很乐意。 考查反意疑问句。句型是祈使句的反意疑问句，反意疑问句的主语是 you，助动词用will，完整结构为“will you”。故选B。 初中英语常见的五种构词方法‌ ‌一、转化法（Conversion）‌ 同一单词在不同语境中改变词性，词形不变。 1.‌动词→名词‌ Let me have a ‌try‌.（让我试试。）‌ We went for a ‌walk‌.（我们去散步了。） 2.‌名词→动词‌ She ‌booked‌ a ticket online.（她在线预订了票。） Please ‌hand‌ me the pen.（请把笔递给我。） 3.‌形容词→动词‌ We need to ‌better‌ our environment.（我们需要改善环境。） The car ‌slowed‌ down.（车减速了。）‌ 4.‌形容词→名词‌ The ‌poor‌ need help.（穷人需要帮助。）‌ He was dressed in ‌black‌.（他穿着黑色衣服。）‌ ‌二、派生法（Derivation）‌ 通过添加前缀或后缀改变词义或词性。 1.‌前缀（改变词义）‌ un-（否定）：happy → ‌unhappy‌（不高兴的）‌ dis-（相反）：agree → ‌disagree‌（不同意）‌ re-（重新）：write → ‌rewrite‌（重写）‌ 2.‌后缀（改变词性）‌ -ful（充满）：care → ‌careful‌（小心的）‌ -able（可……的）：accept → ‌acceptable‌（可接受的）‌ -tion（行为/状态）：invent → ‌invention‌（发明）‌ ‌三、合成法（Compounding）‌ 两个或多个单词组合成新词。 1.‌名词+名词‌ note + book → ‌notebook‌（笔记本）‌ class + room → ‌classroom‌（教室）‌ 2.‌形容词+名词‌ black + board → ‌blackboard‌（黑板）‌ high + quality → ‌high-quality‌（高质量的）‌ 3.‌动词+副词/介词‌ break + fast → ‌breakfast‌（早餐）‌ out + look → ‌outlook‌（观点）‌ ‌四、混成法（Blending）‌ 两个单词各取部分组合成新词。 smoke + fog → ‌smog‌（烟雾）‌ breakfast + lunch → ‌brunch‌（早午餐）‌ ‌五、截短法（Clipping）‌ 缩短长单词，保留部分音节。 advertisement → ‌ad‌（广告）‌ examination → ‌exam‌（考试）‌ 46．Among the following words, which one forms the opposite meaning by adding a different prefix? A．patient B．pleasant C．polite D．possible 【答案】B 【解析】句意：在以下单词中，哪一个能通过添加不同的前缀来形成相反的含义？ 考查构词法。patient有礼貌的，反义词为impatient；pleasant令人愉快的，反义词为unpleasant；polite有礼貌的，反义词为impolite；possible可能的，反义词为impossible。因此选项B添加的前缀与其余三项不一样。故选B。 47．The coffee shop is not far. It’s just a ________ walk from here. A．ten minute B．ten-minute C．ten minutes D．ten minute’ 【答案】B 【解析】句意：咖啡店不远。从这里走10分钟就到了。 考查合成词作定语的用法。ten minute搭配错误；ten-minute十分钟的；ten minutes十分钟；ten minute’搭配错误。根据“a…walk from here”，此处应用合成词ten-minute作定语修饰名词walk，表示“十分钟的路程”。故选B。 48．Of all their works, this is probably the ________ song. A．good-known B．well-known C．better-known D．best-known 【答案】D 【解析】句意：在他们所有的作品中，这首歌可能是最著名的。 考查复合形容词辨析。good-known搭配错误；well-known众所周知的；better-known更出名的，比较出名；best-known最出名的。根据“Of all their works”及语境可知，此处指在所有作品中，这是“最著名的”，应用表示最高级的复合形容词作定语修饰song。故选D。 49．It was an ________ trip. I will never forget it. A．forgettable B．unforgettable C．forget D．forgotten 【答案】B 【解析】句意：这是一次难忘的旅行。我将永远不会忘记它。 考查形容词用法。forgettable易被忘记的；unforgettable难以忘记的；forget忘记，动词原形；forgotten忘记，forget的过去分词。根据“an”和“trip”可知需填一个形容词，根据“I will never forget it.”可知是不会忘记，选项B的“unforgettable”符合题意。故选B。 50．A good teacher should be ________. A．open-mind B．open-minded C．opening-minded D．opened-minded 【答案】B 【解析】句意：一个好老师应该思想开明。 考查形容词用法。“open”是形容词，意为“开阔的”，“mind”是名词，意为“思想”，根据“形容词+名词+ed”的构词法可知是“open-minded”。故选B。 51．—Which one of the following words has a suffix as the word “actor”? —It’s _________. A．soccer B．reporter C．fever D．cheer 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——以下哪个单词和“actor”一词有相同的后缀？——是“reporter”。 考查构词法。actor演员，是由单词“act”和后缀“or”构成的；soccer足球，无后缀；reporter记者，是由单词“report”和后缀“er”构成的；fever发烧，无后缀；cheer欢呼，无后缀。故选B。 52．Which of the following words is formed in the same way as “toothache”? A．hunting B．careless C．unhappy D．pancake 【答案】D 【解析】句意：下列哪个单词的构成方式与“toothache”相同？ 考查构词法。hunting打猎；careless粗心的；unhappy不开心的；pancake薄饼。toothache是由tooth和ache组合而成的复合词。hunting是hunt的动名词形式；careless是care加否定后缀-less构成的形容词；unhappy是否定前缀un-加happy开心构成的形容词；pancake是由pan和cake组合而成的复合词，与toothache的构成方式相同。故选D。 53．Which of the following words can we add “in-” as a prefix? A．Comfortable. B．Correct. C．Possible. D．Patient. 【答案】B 【解析】句意：以下哪个单词可以加前缀“in-”？ 考查构词法。comfortable舒服的，否定形式为uncomfortable；correct正确的，否定形式为incorrect；possible可能的，否定形式为impossible；patient耐心的，否定形式为impatient。故选B。 54．Which of the following words can be added with the suffix (后缀) “-ness”? A．mean B．act C．ill D．invite 【答案】C 【解析】句意：以下哪个单词可以添加后缀“-ness”？ 考查构词法。mean“意思”，其名词是meaning；act“行动”，其名词是action；ill“疾病”，其名词是illness；invite“邀请”，其名词是invitation。故选C。 55．Of all the four words, we can add “-ful” to ________ to form an adjective. A．cry B．run C．sleep D．help 【答案】D 【解析】句意：在这四个单词中，我们可以在“help”中加上“-ful”来形成形容词。 考查构词法。cry哭泣；run跑；sleep睡觉；help帮。在这四个单词中，只有“help”可以加上“-ful”构成形容词helpful“有帮助的”。故选D。 56．We will have a ________ holiday during the spring festival. A．10 days B．10-day C．10-days D．10 day 【答案】B 【解析】句意：春节期间我们将有10天的假期。 考查复合形容词。基数词可与名词构成复合形容词表示时间、距离、度量等，名词一般用单数，中间用连接符“-”连接，排除C选项；D项语法错误，因为10后面需接复数名词；A项10 days是名词短语“十天”，和holiday不搭配，可排除。10-day意为“十天的”，作定语修饰holiday。故选B。 57．Ben said he had a ________. He ________ travel to a foreign country. A．planning, planned to B．plan, planned to C．planned, planned to D．plan, plan to 【答案】B 【解析】句意：本说他有一个_______。他________到一个外国去旅游。 考查名词和动词时态。plan作名词，意为计划；作动词时，后面跟动词不定式作宾语，意为“计划做某事”。根据第一句是一般过去时，可知第二句用一般过去时planned to，故选B。 58．The ___________ documentary describes ___________ in the future. A．two hours’；how Gongdao will be like B．two-hour；what Gongdao will be like C．two-hours；how Gongdao will be D．two hours’；what Gongdao will be 【答案】B 【解析】句意：这部两小时的纪录片描述了宫岛未来将像什么样子。 考查复合形容词和宾语从句。首先C选项第一个空two-hours表达有误，two-hour中间有了连字符hour不用加s，C选项可排除。根据句意，纪录片描述了宫岛未来将像什么样子，介词like意为“像……”，D选项可排除。how在宾语从句中作状语，what在宾语从句中作主语、宾语、表语，介词like后缺少逻辑宾语，故应用what引导宾语从句，故选B。 【注意】two-hour复合形容词是指由两个或两个以上的单词组成的形容词，通常用作定语。组成复合形容词的每个单词之间要用连字符连接，以避免混淆和词不达意。 two-hour = two hours’，都可作定语。例如： After a two-hour discussion, they finally made a decision. 经过两个小时的讨论，他们终于做出了决定。 After two hours’ discussion, they finally made a decision. 经过两个小时的讨论，他们终于做出了决定。 59．--Did she go to the party alone? --No．Her_______ son went with her． A．five—years-old B．five—year-old C．five year old D．five years old 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——她一个人去参加聚会的吗？——没有，她五岁的儿子和她一起去了。A. five—years-old表达错误；B. five—year-old五岁的；C. five year old表达错误；D. five years old五岁，不能用作定语，只作表语。此处缺少定语，用复合形容词five—year-old作定语修饰son，故答案为B。 【注意】复合形容词的构成为：基数词+名词的单数+形容词，中间用连字符号，注意名词用单数形式。如：a five-meter-tall tree一棵5米高的树；an eight-year-old boy一个8岁的小男孩。注意复合形容词只能用作定语，不能用作表语。如：The girl is three- year- old.就是一个错误的句子，只能说The girl is three years old.或 This is a three-year-old girl. 60．—The ________ isn’t mine, Tom. Is it yours? —Yes, it is. Thank you. A．BBC B．NBA C．CD D．CCTV 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——汤姆，这张CD不是我的。它是你的吗？——是的。谢谢。 考查常识及名词辨析。BBC英国广播公司；NBA美国职业篮球联赛；CD激光唱片；CCTV中国中央电视台。根据“isn’t mine, Tom. Is it yours”可知，四个选项中能够属于个人物品的是CD，故选C。 1 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 易错点07 句子成分、结构与构词法 目录 Group 1 句子成分及简单句的基本类型 Group 2 连词的种类、用法与并列句 Group 3 反意疑问句的结构及用法 Group 4 初中英语常见的五种构词方法 句子成分及简单句的基本类型 一、句子成份概要 成分 作用 充当此成分的词语 主语 动作的执行者 名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式等 谓语 说明主语“做什么” 行为动词、连系动词、情态动词+动词原形、助动词+行为动词 表语 说明主语的身份、特征或状态 名词、数词、形容词、副词、分词或动词不定式等 宾语 跟在及物动词或“不及物动词+介词”后 名词、代词、动词不定式或动名词等 定语 修饰名词或代词 形容词、名词、数词或动词不定式等 状语 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整句话 副词、介词短语、动词不定式短语或从句等 补足 语 补充说明 动词不定式短语、名词、形容词或分词等 二、简单句的分类1（成分结构） 类　型 谓语动词举例或说明 例句分析 主语(S)+不及物动词(Vi) sleep、walk、happen、come、go、laugh等 They are walking. 　S　　Vi 主语(S)+系动词(V)+表语(P) be、become、look、get、feel、seem等 I feel very happy. S V　　　　P 主语(S)+及物动词(Vt)+宾语(O) 及物动词后必须跟宾语,不及物动词不能直接跟宾语 She speaks English very well. S 　Vt　　O　 主语(S)+及物动词(Vt)+间接宾语(IO)+直接宾语(DO) give、pass、lend、send、show、buy、make、find、draw、teach等 He teaches us English. S　Vt　 IO　 DO 主语(S)+及物动词(Vt)+宾语(O)+宾语补足语(OC) make、call、find、have、ask、tell、keep、want、hear等 He found the book interesting. S　Vt　　O　　　OC 三、简单句的分类2（句法用途） 陈述句 概念 陈述观点或看法的句子,句末用句点 肯定句 表示肯定意思的句子 否定句 含有否定词not、no、never、seldom、hardly等的句子 疑问句 一般疑问句 (用yes、no来回答) be型:用be动词来回答 do、does、did、have、has、had、will、would 型:用什么问,就用什么来回答 can、may、must型:must 的一般疑问句的否定回答用needn’t或don’t/doesn’t have to;may的一般疑问句的否定回答用can’t 特殊疑问句(以wh-或how开头的疑问句) 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句? 选择疑问句(不能用yes、no来回答) 一般疑问句+or+选择部分? —Do you like Beijing or Shanghai? —I like Beijing. 反意疑问句 “前肯后否,前否后肯”,用yes、no来回答 祈使句 否定句 Don’t+肯定祈使句. Be型 Be careful./Don’t be careless. Do型 Listen to me carefully. Let型 Let me help you. 感叹句 What型 What+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! What+adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语! How型 How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语! 1．Don’t look! You should keep your eyes ________. A．close B．closing C．closed D．closes 2．The letter she looked forward to ______. A．coming at last B．came at last C．coming lately D．come at last 3．—Which girl is your cousin? —________. A．The one in a red coat B．The one wears a red coat C．The one is in a red coat D．The one is wearing a red coal 4．—Is that a picture of your mother? —Yes, that was 　　　　15 years ago. A．she B．her C．hers D．herself 5．Jessie will get together with her friends ________, which makes her ________ really excited. A．on this Friday, feel B．this Friday, feel C．on this Friday, feels D．this Friday, feels 6．I ________ think Mike ________ in China now. A．not; is B．don’t; is C．/; isn’t D．don’t; isn’t 7．There is something wrong with my father’s computer. He wants to have someone ________ it and have it ________. A．check; repair B．check; repaired C．checked; repaired D．checked; repair 8．—Did you see a girl in a red skirt ________？ —No, I didn't. A．to walking by B．walks by C．to walk by D．walk by 9．Here _________three pencils and a pen. A．am B．is C．are D．isn’t 10．Your words made me ______ confident, and I began to make cakes ______. A．feel; carefully B．to feel; carefully C．feel; careful D．to feel; careful 11．—Must I finish that work today, Mr. Cheng? —No, you ________. You may finish it in five days. A．needn’t to B．mustn’t C．don’t have to D．don’t need 12．What time ________ the child________ his homework? A．does; does B．does; do C．do; does D．do; do 13．—The car’s not broken down, ________? —________. It is working well. A．is it; No B．has it; Yes C．has it; No D．is it; Yes 14．—________ excellent advice it is! I’m sure to have a wonderful summer vacation. —I’m so glad that you like it. A．How B．What C．What a D．What an 15．— David, remember not to leave your homework at home and ________ it to school tomorrow. —________, I ________, Miss Zhao. A．take; No; won’t B．take; Yes; will C．bring; No; won’t D．bring; Yes; will 连词的种类、用法与并列句 一、连词的种类与用法 （一）并列连词:表示转折、因果、选择和并列关系。 连词 例句 转折 关系 but但是,可是 My father is tired,but he still keeps on working. while而,然而 I like singing,while my sister likes dancing. 因果 关系 so因此,所以 The girl was ill,so she had to stay at home. for因为 I have to turn off my computer,for my mother comes back. 选择 关系 or或者;否则 Hurry up,or you’ll miss the last bus. either...or... 或者……或者……, 不是……就是…… Either you or he likes talking in class. You can either go to the movies or play basketball. 并列 关系 and和,又,及 My father and I went to Paris last month. both...and... 两者都, 既……又…… Both he and his girlfriend are from Canada. not only...but also... 不但……而且…… Not only we but also he likes living in Zunyi. neither...nor...既不……也不…… Neither he nor I am good at swimming. （二）从属连词 1.引导状语从句的连词 连词 例句 表示条件 if如果 You’ll be punished if you do wrong. unless=if not除非 You’ll not get good grades unless you work hard. 表示原因 because因为 He wasn’t at school because he was ill in bed. since由于 I don’t know how to do it,since it is the first time. as由于;鉴于 We all like our English teacher as she is funny. 表示时间 when当……的时候 When the teacher came in,we were laughing. while在……期间;和……同时 While we were laughing,the teacher came in. as随着 As the girl grew,she became more and more beautiful. after在……以后 I’ll go swimming after the rain stops. before在……以前 Remember to turn off the light before you leave the room. as soon as一……就…… I’ll tell him the good news as soon as I see him. since自从 It’s been 10 years since he left Zunyi. whenever无论何时 You can ask for help whenever you need it. till/until直到……为止 Children dance to the music until the music stops. 表示结果 so...that如此……以至于……(so修饰adj.或adv.) The little boy was so tired that he fell asleep fast. such...that如此……以至于…… (such修饰n.) This is such an interesting book that I want to read it again. 表示让步 though/although虽然 Though/Although I am the only girl,I can do many things. even if/even though即使 Even if/Even though they are right,the meeting will not be over. 表示地点 where在……地方 Keep it where you can see it. wherever无论在哪里 Wherever I may be,I will study hard. 表示比较 as...as...和……一样 My teacher is as kind as my mother. not as/so...as...不及……;比不上…… I’m not as/so careful as my sister. than比……更…… English is more interesting than geography. 表示方式 as正如 As you can see,he is full of confidence. as if/though好像;似乎 He looked as if he was ill. 2.引导宾语从句的连词 连词 例句 that (无含义,可省略) My teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun. whether/if (是否) I wonder if he is from Canada. 连接代词 who谁 He asked me who was an actor. whom谁 Do you know whom the boy is? whose谁的 I don’t know whose wallet it is. what什么 I don’t know what I should do next. which哪一个 Can you tell me which bus I should take? 连接副词 when何时 We don’t know when we’ll meet again. why为什么 The teacher didn’t know why the girl was late. how怎样 Can you show me how you play the computer games? 二、并列句:简单句+并列连词+简单句 类型 并列连词 表平行 and,both...and...,not only...but also...,neither...nor...,as well as 表选择 or,not...but...(不是……而是……),either...or...(要么……要么……) 表转折 but,yet(然而),while(而) 表因果 as,for,so 16．Tom gave Ben his brush __________ worry on his face _______ joy in his heart. A．with; and B．with; but C．without; and D．without; but 17．—I like Chinese very much. —Really? My brother likes it, too, ________ I don’t. A．so B．and C．because D．but 18．—I don’t know what to wear to Tom’s birthday party. —You can wear ________ the red dress ________ the white skirt. A．from...to B．between...and C．either...or D．not...but 19．—Excuse me, ________ can you spell it, please? —Sorry, ________ I don’t know. A．and; and B．but; but C．and; but D．but; and 20．—Cellphones (手机) help us a lot, ________ we shouldn’t allow them to control our lives. —I agree with you. A．but B．and C．or D．so 21．— Do you know Nick, Lucy? — Sure, he’s so famous. ________ he has no arms and legs, ________ he can look after himself well and travel all over the world. A．Although; / B．Because; / C．Although; but D．Because; so 22．The dress you bought is really nice, ________it’s too small for me. A．but B．or C．and D．so 23．—I don’t think you have enough time for all this work. —So _______ you _______ your sister are needed to give a hand. A． not only; but also B．either; or C．neither; nor D．both; and 24．A man cannot smile like a child, a child smiles with his eyes, while a man smiles with his lips alone. A．so B．but C．and D．for 25．This is ________a German book________ an English book. It’s a French book. A．either; or B．not only; but also C．both; and D．neither; nor 26．It’s winter ________ people are wearing warm clothes and gloves. A．because B．so C．although D．when 27．_________ do you prefer, milk ________ orange juice? A．What; or B．Which; and C．What; and D．Which; or 28．_________ learning English, we want you to experience the life in the USA． A．As good as B．So well as C．As well as D．As better as 29．________ there is life, there is hope. A．When B．Which C．Where D．That 30．You are allowed to use the emergency exit ________there is a fire. A．after B．because C．unless D．in case 反意疑问句的结构及用法 1.陈述部分含有前、后缀否定词dislike、unhappy、unlike、impossible、careless等时,要“前肯后否”。 Tom dislikes studying,doesn’t he? Linda is unhappy now,isn’t she? 2.陈述部分是there be 句型时,附加疑问句中不能把there改成it、they。 There was an exciting movie last night,wasn’t there? 3.除let’s 祈使句的附加疑问句为shall we外,其余祈使句的附加疑问句均为will you。 Let us walk to the mountain,will you? Let’s walk to the mountain,shall we? 4.前否后肯的反意疑问句回答时,yes和no的含义交换。 (1)—You have never been late for school,have you? —No,I haven’t.(是的,我从不迟到。) I always get up early every morning. (2)—She isn’t your sister,is she? —Yes,she is.(不,她是我姐姐。) —No,she isn’t.(是的,她不是我姐姐。) 5.had better 的附加疑问句由had构成。 He’d better not stay up late,had he? 6.have/has/had 在完成时和不在完成时中的附加疑问句: (1)Lily has never been to London,has she? (2)They had a good time in Hainan,didn’t they? (3)Tony has to do housework on weekends,doesn’t he? 7.I am 的附加疑问句是aren’t I。 I am right,aren’t I? 31．I think he is unhappy about having to study on Saturday, ________? A．do I B．don’t I C．is he D．isn’t he 32．Pansy rarely set off so early, _________? A．does she B．doesn’t she C．did she D．didn’t she 33．There’s _________ juice in the fridge, is there? A．some B．much C．little D．a little 34．—She’s already back from the USA, ________? — ________. She has been there for nearly two months. A．isn’t she; Yes B．hasn’t she; Yes C．hasn’t she; No D．isn’t she; No 35．I think classical music is wonderful, ________? A．do I B．don’t I C．is it D．isn’t it 36．Jill eats too much spicy food every day, _______? A．isn’t she B．is she C．doesn’t she D．does she 37．—He’s just back from work, _________?     —__________. He is having a rest in the room. A．hasn’t he; Yes, he has B．has he; No, he hasn’t C．isn’t he; Yes, he is D．is he; No, he isn’t 38．The citizens of Troy didn’t realize that the enemies came back again in the darkness, ________? A．did they B．didn’t they C．were they D．weren’t they 39．—More than 20 international students will go on a school trip with us next week, ________? —Yes, they will. A．won’t they B．will they C．don’t they D．do they 40．—Jenny had nothing for breakfast, ________ she? —________. She had some bread and milk. A．did; Yes B．did; No C．had; Yes D．had; No 41．Maria can hardly speak English,________ ? A．can she B．can’t Maria C．can’t she D．can Maria 42．— There are so many cars in the street at rush hours, ______ there? — Yes, to keep safe, we should avoid ______ this street too hurriedly. A．are, to cross B．aren’t, to cross C．are, crossing D．aren’t, crossing 43．Frank never drinks milk, ________? A．isn’t he B．doesn’t he C．is he D．does he 44．Let us make a travel guide this afternoon, ________? A．shall we B．will you C．don’t you D．aren’t we 45．— Pass me the encyclopaedia, ________? — Sure, with pleasure. A．don’t you B．will you C．do you D．shall we 初中英语常见的五种构词方法‌ ‌一、转化法（Conversion）‌ 同一单词在不同语境中改变词性，词形不变。 1.‌动词→名词‌ Let me have a ‌try‌.（让我试试。）‌ We went for a ‌walk‌.（我们去散步了。） 2.‌名词→动词‌ She ‌booked‌ a ticket online.（她在线预订了票。） Please ‌hand‌ me the pen.（请把笔递给我。） 3.‌形容词→动词‌ We need to ‌better‌ our environment.（我们需要改善环境。） The car ‌slowed‌ down.（车减速了。）‌ 4.‌形容词→名词‌ The ‌poor‌ need help.（穷人需要帮助。）‌ He was dressed in ‌black‌.（他穿着黑色衣服。）‌ ‌二、派生法（Derivation）‌ 通过添加前缀或后缀改变词义或词性。 1.‌前缀（改变词义）‌ un-（否定）：happy → ‌unhappy‌（不高兴的）‌ dis-（相反）：agree → ‌disagree‌（不同意）‌ re-（重新）：write → ‌rewrite‌（重写）‌ 2.‌后缀（改变词性）‌ -ful（充满）：care → ‌careful‌（小心的）‌ -able（可……的）：accept → ‌acceptable‌（可接受的）‌ -tion（行为/状态）：invent → ‌invention‌（发明）‌ ‌三、合成法（Compounding）‌ 两个或多个单词组合成新词。 1.‌名词+名词‌ note + book → ‌notebook‌（笔记本）‌ class + room → ‌classroom‌（教室）‌ 2.‌形容词+名词‌ black + board → ‌blackboard‌（黑板）‌ high + quality → ‌high-quality‌（高质量的）‌ 3.‌动词+副词/介词‌ break + fast → ‌breakfast‌（早餐）‌ out + look → ‌outlook‌（观点）‌ ‌四、混成法（Blending）‌ 两个单词各取部分组合成新词。 smoke + fog → ‌smog‌（烟雾）‌ breakfast + lunch → ‌brunch‌（早午餐）‌ ‌五、截短法（Clipping）‌ 缩短长单词，保留部分音节。 advertisement → ‌ad‌（广告）‌ examination → ‌exam‌（考试）‌ 46．Among the following words, which one forms the opposite meaning by adding a different prefix? A．patient B．pleasant C．polite D．possible 47．The coffee shop is not far. It’s just a ________ walk from here. A．ten minute B．ten-minute C．ten minutes D．ten minute’ 48．Of all their works, this is probably the ________ song. A．good-known B．well-known C．better-known D．best-known 49．It was an ________ trip. I will never forget it. A．forgettable B．unforgettable C．forget D．forgotten 50．A good teacher should be ________. A．open-mind B．open-minded C．opening-minded D．opened-minded 51．—Which one of the following words has a suffix as the word “actor”? —It’s _________. A．soccer B．reporter C．fever D．cheer 52．Which of the following words is formed in the same way as “toothache”? A．hunting B．careless C．unhappy D．pancake 53．Which of the following words can we add “in-” as a prefix? A．Comfortable. B．Correct. C．Possible. D．Patient. 54．Which of the following words can be added with the suffix (后缀) “-ness”? A．mean B．act C．ill D．invite 55．Of all the four words, we can add “-ful” to ________ to form an adjective. A．cry B．run C．sleep D．help 56．We will have a ________ holiday during the spring festival. A．10 days B．10-day C．10-days D．10 day 57．Ben said he had a ________. He ________ travel to a foreign country. A．planning, planned to B．plan, planned to C．planned, planned to D．plan, plan to 58．The ___________ documentary describes ___________ in the future. A．two hours’；how Gongdao will be like B．two-hour；what Gongdao will be like C．two-hours；how Gongdao will be D．two hours’；what Gongdao will be 59．--Did she go to the party alone? --No．Her_______ son went with her． A．five—years-old B．five—year-old C．five year old D．five years old 60．—The ________ isn’t mine, Tom. Is it yours? —Yes, it is. Thank you. A．BBC B．NBA C．CD D．CCTV 1 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$