专题02 Unit1-4重点语法,书面表达归纳-2024-2025学年八年级英语下学期期中考点大串讲(牛津译林版)

2025-03-18
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学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 初中英语译林版(2012)八年级下册
年级 八年级
章节 -
类型 学案-知识清单
知识点 -
使用场景 同步教学-期中
学年 2025-2026
地区(省份) 全国
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地区(区县) -
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发布时间 2025-03-18
更新时间 2025-03-18
作者 小米夏
品牌系列 上好课·考点大串讲
审核时间 2025-03-18
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Unit1-4重点语法,书面表达归纳 Unit 1 Past and present 现在完成时(Ⅰ) 一.用法 (1)现在完成时可用来表示过去已完成但对现在有一定影响的动作。 —Let's see 1921. 我们看《1921》吧。—I've already seen it.我已经看过了。 (2)现在完成时也可用来表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态。 Mr Zhang has lived here since 2006. 张先生自从2006年就住在这里。 二. 基本句式 基本句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语+have/has+过去分词+其他. The children have gone to Shanghai. 孩子们都去上海了。 否定句 主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他. We have not seen her for long.我们很久没见到她了。 一般疑问句及其回答 Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他? 肯定回答:Yes,主语+have/has. 否定回答:No,主语+haven't/ hasn't. —Has she arrived in Beijing? 她已经到北京了吗? —Yes, she has./No, she hasn't. 是的,她已经到了。/不,她还没到。 三.过去分词的变化规则 变化规则 例词 规则 动词 的变 化  直接在词尾加-ed work→worked open→opened 以不发音的e结尾的词直接加-d live→lived realize→realized 以"辅音字母+y"结尾的词,变y为i,再加-ed study→studied hurry→hurried 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加-ed stop→stopped plan→planned 【注意】 不规则动词的变化请牢记课本上的不规则动词表。 四.时间状语   现在完成时常与already、 yet、 just、 ever、 never、 recently 等词以及for、since引导的时间状语连用。具体用法: 单词 用法 例句 already 意为"已经",常用于肯定句中,放在句中或句末。 The seventh-grade textbook in Chinese middle schools has already included One Day in Space, Yang Liwei's article.国内中学七年级课本已经收录了杨利伟的《太空一日》这篇文章。 yet 意为"还,仍",常用于否定句和疑问句句末。 —Have you spoken to Mr Green yet?你已经和格林先生说了吗? —No. He hasn't come in yet.没。他还没有进来。 just 意为"刚刚",常用于肯定句中。 I have just come back from Nanjing.我刚从南京回来。 ever 意为"曾经",常用于疑问句中。 Have you ever visited the Great Wall?你曾参观过长城吗? never 表示否定,意为"从未",用于否定句中。 I've never heard of that man before.我以前从未听说过那个男士。 recently 意为"最近",可放在句首、句中或句末。 I haven't seen Li Ming recently.我最近没有见过李明。 for 后接一段时间。 I have been in China for six years.我来中国已经六年了。 since 意为"自……以来",表示从过去某个时间开始一直延续到现在。 I haven't eaten anything since breakfast.早饭以后我还没吃过东西呢。 Ⅰ.根据句意用所给词的适当形式填空 1.They have finished (finish) their homework by now.  2.How long has Mr Smith taught (teach) English so far?  3.John has played (play) this computer games a few times.  4.I have repaired (repair) over ten bicycles since last Monday.  Ⅱ.根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词 1.你曾经去过香港吗?  Have you ever been to Hong Kong?  2.我们已经几年没有见到雪了。 We haven’t   seen snow for a few years.  3.他从昨天晚上开始就感觉不舒服。 He hasn’t felt well since   last   night .  4.你最近收到家人的来信了吗? Have you heard   from your family lately/recently ?  二、用所给动词的适当形式填空  1. She’s________(live)here ever since she was ten. 2. Both of them ___________ (be) in Hong Kong for ten days.   3. Miss Wang__________(teach) us English last year. 4. Half an hour __________ (pass) since the train __________ (leave).  5. Mary________(lose) her pen. ________ you _______(see) it here and there?  6. _________ you _____ (find) your watch yet?  7. ---Are you thirsty? ---No. I _________just _________ (have) some orange.  8. We ______ already _________ (return) the book.  9. ________ they _______ (build) a new school in the village?  10. I _____________(not finish) my homework . Can you help me?  11. My father _____ (read) the novel twice.  12. I _________ (buy) a book just now.  13. I _________ (lost ) my watch yesterday.  14. .The train____________(arrive) in half an hour. 15._________he ever________(be) to Beijing? 1. lived  2. have been  3. taught 4. has passed ;  left  5. has lost ; have seen  6. Have , found  7. have , had 8. have , returned  9. Have , built 10. haven’t finished 11. has read 12. bought  13. lost 14. .will arrive 15.Has been 写作 本单元的话题是“家乡的变化”。在具体的写作中,学生应做到以下几点: 1.能熟练掌握现在完成时的用法; 2.能简单介绍家乡过去的样子和现在的变化,可以从环境、住房、交通等方面描写; 3.能熟练使用本单元的重点单词和短语。 词汇积累 since 自……以来 ever 曾经 realize 意识到 however 然而 before 以前,过去 recently 近来,最近 used to 曾经 turn...into... 把……变成…… in some ways 在某种程度上 from time to time 有时,偶尔 in the past 在过去 over the years 多年来 used to do sth 过去常常做某事 take place 发生 move away 搬走 a modern town 一个现代化的城镇 tall buildings 高楼 fresh air 新鲜的空气 green trees on both sides 两边都是绿色的树木 open space 开阔的空地 live a comfortable life 过着舒适的生活 narrow and dirty road 狭窄而脏乱的道路 wide and clean streets 宽阔干净的街道 have one’s own car 有自己的汽车 make communication easier 使交流变得更容易 句型积累 1.The city has changed a lot since I lived here.自从我住在这里起,这座城市已经改变了很多。 2.Great changes have taken place in my hometown.我的家乡发生了很大的变化。 3.He used to be a teacher,but now he isn’t.他过去曾经是一名老师,但现在不是。 4.But they have their own production factory.但是他们拥有自己的生产工厂。 5.In the past,there were only single-decker buses.在过去,只有单层公共汽车。 6.The old lady enjoys a quiet life with her family.那个老太太和她的家人过着宁静的生活。 近几年,在党和国家的惠民政策帮助下,全国都在落实精准扶贫。你的家乡发生了翻天覆地的变化。请以“Great changes in my hometown”为题写一篇文章,内容包括以下要点,可适当发挥。 1.人们的生活条件有了很大改善。高楼随处可见。农村的孩子也有了更好的教育。 2.生活环境也得到了改善。天更蓝了,水更清了,路更宽了,树更绿了。 3.交通变得更方便。家乡有了飞机场、高速公路、高铁站、火车站等。 4.每年都有许多国内外游客来家乡参观。 要求: 1.字迹工整,书写规范; 2.词数80左右(开头已给出,不计入总词数); 3.文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称。 Great changes in my hometown In recent years,with the help of favourable policies of our country,great changes have taken place in my hometown. The people’s living conditions have improved a lot.We can see tall buildings here and there.The children in the countryside can also receive good education.The living environment has also improved.The sky is bluer and the water is clearer.The roads are wider and the trees turn greener.What’s more,the traffic becomes more convenient because there is an airport,a high-speed rail station,super highways,railway stations and so on.It attracts many tourists from home and abroad every year.  I believe that my hometown will become more and more beautiful in the future.    家乡近年来的快速发展带来了许多新鲜事物,也带走了许多回忆。请你以"Great changes in my hometown"为题写一篇英语短文,介绍你家乡近年来的变化。 要点:1.家乡过去是什么样? 2.家乡现在是什么样? 3.你对这些变化的感受是什么? 要求:1.文中不得出现自己的真实姓名和学校名称; 2.不少于80词,开头已给出,不计入总数。 Great changes in my hometown My hometown has changed a lot in recent years.  Great changes in my hometown   My hometown has changed a lot in recent years. In the past, there were not so many tall buildings in the city, and the buildings were old. But now many new and tall buildings have appeared in the city. In my memory,there were only some small parks in the city.But now there are many different kinds of beautiful parks in the city. The roads in my hometown were narrow in the past,but now there are many overpass bridges and subways.    I am proud of the changes in my hometown, and I hope it will be better and better. Unit 2 Travelling 现在完成时(Ⅱ) 一. have/has been和 have/has gone的用法 (1)have/has been表示某人曾经去过某地,并且已经回来。常与ever、 never、 once、 twice、 three times等连用,但不能与时间段连用。 Mr Wang has been to Xizang three times. 王先生去过西藏三次。 (2)have/has gone表示某人已经去了某地,但还没回来。 Mr Zhang has gone to Shanghai. 张先生已经去上海了。 "have/has been in+地点名词"常与表示一段时间的状语连用,表示某人已在某地停留一段时间,现在仍在那里。 I have been in America for two years.我到美国已有两年了。 二. for和since的用法 三. 延续性动词和非延续性动词 延续性动词表示的动作可以持续,能够与表示一段时间的状语连用。非延续性动词又称为瞬间动词或短暂性动词,表示的动作不能持续,在肯定句中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。 当现在完成时的时间状语是一段时间时,句中的谓语动词不能用非延续性动词,这时,可把非延续性动词变为延续性动词。常见的非延续性动词变为延续性动词的有: 非延续性动词 延续性动词 现在完成时构成 buy have have/has had borrow keep have/has kept become be have/has been die be dead have/has been dead leave be away have/has been away begin/start be on have/has been on finish/stop be over have/has been over join be in/be a member of have/has been in have/has been a member of marry be married have/has been married catch a cold have a cold have/has had a cold open be open have/has been open close be closed have/has been closed fall ill be ill have/has been ill fall asleep be asleep have/has been asleep Ⅰ.用have/has gone或have/has been完成句子 1.My father has gone to Beijing.He will be back in two days. 2.The Greens have been to the USA twice.  3.—Where are your parents now?I haven’t seen them for a long time. —They have gone to Xiamen.  4.Millie has been to many places of interest in our city.  Ⅱ.同义句转换,每空一词 1.They got married three years ago. They have   been married for three years.  2.I borrowed that book last week. I have   kept that book since last week.  3.Simon fell ill last month. Simon has   been ill since last month.  4.She joined the Reading Club last term. She has   been   in the Reading Club since last term.  写作 写作要求 本单元的话题是“旅行”。在具体的写作中,学生应做到以下几点: 1.能正确运用现在完成时表达旅行的状态和过程; 2.能根据提示描述一次难忘的旅行,正确表达旅行中的细节; 3.能准确使用本单元的新单词和句型。 词汇积累 interesting 有趣的 exciting 令人兴奋的 nice 美好的 during the winter holiday 在寒假期间 leave for sp 出发去某地 the most famous theme park最著名的主题公园 watch the fireworks 观看烟火 watch dolphin show 观看海豚表演 go fishing by the lake 在湖边钓鱼 fly kites 放风筝 take photos 拍照 visit museums 参观博物馆 take a direct flight to... 乘直达飞机去…… buy presents for relatives 为亲戚买礼物 go shopping 去购物 delicious seafood 美味的海鲜 enjoy the trip 享受旅程 have been there twice 已经去过那里两次 句型积累 1.It took us two and a half hours to fly to Hong Kong.我们花了两个半小时坐飞机到香港。 2.The next day,we went to the Jinji Lake in Suzhou by taxi.第二天,我们乘出租车去了苏州金鸡湖。 3.I loved visiting Chinese classical gardens,because they are beautiful.我喜欢参观中国古典园林,因为它们很美。 4.Climbing the hill is the best part of the tour.旅行中最好的一部分是爬山。 5.We enjoyed ourselves and will never forget this exciting trip.我们玩得很开心,而且永远忘不了这次令人兴奋的旅行。 假如你是李华,去年夏天,你和家人去了海南岛,那里风景优美,气候宜人。你在海滩上漫步、嬉戏,在海里游泳、冲浪,玩得非常开心。请你用英语描述一下自己在海南岛的这次旅游经历。 要求:1.词数80左右; 2.不可逐句翻译,可适当发挥。 My visit to Hainan Island During last summer vacation,I went to Hainan Island with my family.The weather was perfect.The sky was blue and clean,and the sea was blue and bright.Walking by the sea is just like being in a beautiful picture.Swimming in the sea is quite different from that in a pool,because the depth is various all the time.Maybe the water can’t afford you this minute,and then it will flow over your head.Surfing in the sea is also interesting.We enjoyed ourselves there.I’m always hoping to go there again some day.  旅行是一件让人放松和快乐的事。假如你是李华,经常会和家人一起旅游,去了解不同地方的风土人情。请你用英语写一篇短文向校英文报投稿。 注意:1.词数80左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯; 3.文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。 As far as I'm concerned, travelling is a good way to relax.   Last May Day, my parents and I went to Beijing for a holiday. It took us two hours to get there by plane. Beijing is the capital of China. It has a lot of places of interest, such as the Palace Museum, the Summer Palace and the Great Wall. We enjoyed the beautiful views there and couldn't stop taking photos. We stayed there for two days. We were very tired after the trip, but we were very excited. We hope to visit it again in the near future.  Unit 3 Online tours 现在完成时(Ⅲ) 一般过去时和现在完成时的区别 一. 用法不同 时态 用法 例句 一般过去时 表示过去某个时间发生的事情或存在的状态,说话的侧重点在陈述过去发生的事情或状态。 My mother was a doctor five years ago.我妈妈五年前是名医生。 (五年前是医生,与现在无关) 现在完成时 表示到说话时为止已经发生或完成(不一定结束)的动作或状态,强调造成的结果或对现在产生的影响。 My mother has been a doctor for five years .我妈妈当医生五年了。 (从五年前到现在一直是医生) 二. 时间状语不同 时态 时间状语 例句 一般过去时 通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如:yesterday、the day before yesterday、last week(night,month,year)、the other day、in 2018、just now、at the age of 10、two years ago等。 I did not help him with his English last week.上周我没有帮助他学英语。 现在完成时 通常和频度副词或表示一段时间的状语连用。如:already、yet、just、never、ever、before、recently、so far、in/during/over the past two years、for five days、since last year等。 Our school life has changed a lot since 2022.我们的学校生活自2022年以来发生了很大变化。 Ⅰ.根据句意用所给词的适当形式填空 1.—Is Tom doing his homework? —No,he has finished (finish) his homework already.  2.—Do you know Miss King? —No,but I (have) heard (hear) of her before.  3.—What about the film? —Sorry,I don’t know.I haven’t seen (see) it yet.  4.— Have you ever been (be) to People’s Park?  —No,never. 5.—How does he get on with his classmates? —Oh,he has changed (change) a lot these days.  Ⅱ.根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词 1.迈克自从2004年就有了这部手机。他开始工作的时候买的。 Mike has   had this phone since 2004.He bought it when he started to work.  2.我们有六年没见面了。我们两个都在2012年离开了这个工厂。 We haven’t   met each other for six years.Both of us left the factory in 2012.  3.我已经看过这部电影了。我上周看的。 I have already seen the film.I saw it last week.  4.很多年前上海是一个小镇。现在它已经变成了一座大城市。 Shanghai was a small town many years ago.Now it has   become a large city.  5.自从1993年搬到这里,我就开始在这里工作了。 I have   worked here since I moved here in 1993.  写作 本单元的话题是“介绍国家”。在具体的写作中,学生应做到以下几点: 1.能从地理、历史、天气、货币等方面介绍一个国家; 2.能正确区分一般过去时和现在完成时; 3.能熟练使用本单元的单词、短语和句型。 词汇积累 rainy 多雨的 sunny 有阳光的 pound 英镑 dollar 美元 RMB 人民币 on the north-east coast of 在……的东北海岸 the largest city 最大的城市 an island country 一个岛国 be made up of 由……构成 be famous for 因……而著名 a long history 一段很长的历史 be home of 是……的家园 beautiful and modern 美丽而又现代化的 the capital city 首都城市 such as... 例如…… wet and cold 又湿又冷 the best time to visit 游览的最好时间 句型积累 1.Sydney is on the north-east coast of Australia.悉尼位于澳大利亚东北海岸。 2.The old city has a long history.这座古老的城市有很长的历史。 3.The best time to visit the UK is from May to September because the winter is wet and cold there.参观英国最好的时间是从5月到9月,因为那里的冬天又湿又冷。 4.The weather changes often there.那里的天气经常变化。 5.It has always been famous for its delicious food.它因美食而著名。 根据提示,将以下句子连成一篇英语短文。 1.澳大利亚是一个岛国。它是大洋洲最大的国家,位于太平洋的南端。(island country;Oceania;south coast) 2.它一直以来因野生动物而著名,比如袋鼠和考拉。考拉是澳大利亚的珍稀动物。(be famous for;such as) 3.它的首都堪培拉是一个美丽而又现代化的城市。(Canberra;capital;beautiful and modern) 4.悉尼是澳大利亚最大的城市。这里有许多名胜,其中悉尼歌剧院闻名于世。第27届夏季奥运会就是2000年在悉尼举行的。(Sydney;place of interest;Opera House;Olympic Games) Australia is an island country.It is the largest country in Oceania,and it lies on the south coast of the Pacific.  It has always been famous for the wild animals,such as kangaroos and koalas.Koalas are Australia’s unique animals.  Canberra,the capital of Australia,is a beautiful and modern city. Sydney is the biggest city in Australia,which has many places of interest.The Opera House is well-known all over the world.The 27th Summer Olympic Games were held in Sydney in 2000. 假设你在某网页上浏览了红色旅游地——长沙,请根据以下要点,写一篇不少于80词的英语短文,介绍一下你的长沙在线之旅。   参考词汇:obsess 使痴迷;patriotism 爱国主义;revolutionary martyrs 革命烈士   Today I took a tour of Changsha on the website.    Today I took a tour of Changsha on the website. Changsha is the provincial capital of Hunan, which is famous for its wonderful culture and natural beauty. There are many places of interest in Changsha. Visitors will surely be obsessed with the beauty of Yuelu Mountain and Orange Isle. Yuelu Mountain is not only the base of research on Changsha red culture, but also the place where revolutionary martyrs were laid to rest.And visitors will also be interested in Hunan Museum.  What's more, Changsha is also famous for its various snacks, such as stinky tofu and spicy crayfish.  Changsha is a city with a long history and rich culture. I'm sure you will enjoy yourselves here. Unit 4 A good read 疑问词+动词不定式 动词不定式常与疑问代词what、 which、 who和疑问副词how、 when、 where等连用,构成"疑问词+动词不定式"结构,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语等多种句子成分。 When to have the party has not been decided.什么时候举行聚会还没有决定。(作主语) The question is how to get there in such a short time. 问题是如何在如此短的时间内到达那儿。(作表语) The restaurant has so many dishes that I can't decide which to eat. 这个饭店有如此多的菜品以至于我不能决定吃哪道菜。(作宾语) (1)常和"疑问词+动词不定式"结构连用的动词及短语有:know、see、hear、ask、learn、decide、tell、advise、explain、forget、remember、think、understand、wonder、find out等。 He doesn't know where to go this winter vacation. 他不知道这个寒假去哪里。 (2)"疑问词+动词不定式"结构可以改写成由该疑问词引导的从句,从而把简单句改为复合句,其意义不变。 Tony doesn't know what to do. = Tony doesn't know what he should do. 托尼不知道他应该做什么。 所有疑问词中,只有why不能与动词不定式连用 must和have to的用法 (1)must表示主观的义务和必要,意为"必须,得,要";have to表示一种客观的需要,意为 "不得不"。 All passengers must wear seat belts. 所有乘客都必须系安全带。 My bike was broken yesterday, so I had to walk to school. 昨天我的自行车坏了,所以我不得不走路上学。 (2)must没有人称、数和时态的变化,后接动词原形;have to有人称、数和时态的变化。 I must go now.我现在必须走了。 The old man has to live alone because his son works in another city. 那位老人不得不独自生活,因为他的儿子在另一个城市工作。 (3)在否定句中, mustn't表示禁止,意为"不许,不能";don't/doesn't/didn't have to意为"不必,无须",相当于needn't。 You mustn't tell him about it.你不能告诉他这件事。 We don't have to/needn't go to school on Sundays. 周日我们不必去上学。 (4)回答含有must的一般疑问句时,其肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn't或don't have to;回答含有have to的一般疑问句时,要用do的适当形式。 —Must I leave now?我现在必须离开吗? —Yes, you must./No, you don't have to/needn't.是的,你必须(离开)。/不,你不必。 —Does Jack have to stay at home on Sunday? 杰克星期天必须待在家里吗? —Yes, he does./No, he doesn't.是的,他必须(待在家里)。/不,他不必(待在家里)。 写作 本单元的话题是“阅读”。在具体的写作中,学生应做到以下几点: 1.能熟悉有关阅读习惯的话题,写一篇有关阅读习惯的文章; 2.能准确使用“疑问词+不定式”的结构; 3.能准确运用一些连词,进行有条理的叙述,提高自己的写作水平。 词汇积累 advice 建议 renew 续借 librarian 图书管理员 opposite 在……对面 reading habit 阅读习惯 return books on time 按时还书 enjoy reading the books of sb 喜欢阅读某人的书 be interested in 对……感兴趣 novels and science fictions 小说和科幻小说 love reading 喜欢阅读 discuss what to read 讨论阅读什么 order books online 网上订书 get knowledge from reading 从阅读中获得知识 open up a whole new world 打开一个全新的世界 句型积累 1.It’s always wonderful when you read.阅读的时候总是很棒的。 2.I spend over five hours a week reading.我每周花超过五个小时阅读。 3.The four great classical Chinese novels are my favourite.中国的四大名著是我最喜欢的书。 4.I love reading because I can get a lot of knowledge from it.我喜欢阅读,因为我可以从中获得很多知识。 5.They also open up a whole new world to me.它们也给我打开了一个全新的世界。 6.You don’t have to come to our desk every time.Just renew them online.你不必每次都来我们的服务台办理。在线续借即可。 7.We often meet together and decide what to read.我们经常聚在一起,讨论读什么。 8.After reading the book,I am not as shy as I used to be and I am willing to try new things.读过这本书之后,我不再像以前一样害羞了,而且我愿意去尝试新事物了。 目前中学生学习任务重,学习压力大。而广泛的阅读有利于开阔视野,调节身心。你喜欢阅读吗?你喜欢阅读什么样的书呢?作为中学生的你,是如何看待阅读的?请就这个话题,写一篇英文短文,谈谈你的想法和理由,可适当给出建议。 注意:1.词数80左右; 2.文中不得出现真实的地名、校名和人名; 3.要求条理清楚、语意连贯、字迹工整,可适当发挥。 I like reading.I spend over four hours a week reading.On weekdays I usually read after finishing homework.I read most at the weekend.I’m interested in history books,and I like fiction too.I like the four great classical Chinese novels best.  I often read in the school library.My friends give me lots of advice about books.We often meet together and discuss what to read.  Reading is a time of joy and peace.A good book is a good friend.It helps me relax and makes me happy.It also opens up a whole new world to me.  为了响应国家全民阅读的号召,你校将举办读书节。假如你是李华,请你根据下面思维导图,以"My Favorite Book"为主题,写一篇英语短文,在读书分享会中介绍自己最喜欢的一本书。 注意事项: 1.语句通顺,意思连贯,内容完整; 2.书名可以用汉语拼音; 3.不少于80词。 My Favorite Book My Favorite Book   My favorite book is Journey to the West. It mainly tells about four monks' journey to India.   I like it out of the following reasons. First, it tells a lot of interesting stories which attract me deeply. Second, from this book I can learn a lot. I have learned we should be brave when we run into difficulties, and that we should be certain about our choice. Finally, it teaches me how to be a real man. Not only should we have a good heart, but also learn to get more wisdom from our daily life. I like this book very much and I advise you to read it as well.   / 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ Unit1-4重点语法,书面表达归纳 Unit 1 Past and present 现在完成时(Ⅰ) 一.用法 (1)现在完成时可用来表示过去已完成但对现在有一定影响的动作。 —Let's see 1921. 我们看《1921》吧。—I've already seen it.我已经看过了。 (2)现在完成时也可用来表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态。 Mr Zhang has lived here since 2006. 张先生自从2006年就住在这里。 二. 基本句式 基本句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语+have/has+过去分词+其他. The children have gone to Shanghai. 孩子们都去上海了。 否定句 主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他. We have not seen her for long.我们很久没见到她了。 一般疑问句及其回答 Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他? 肯定回答:Yes,主语+have/has. 否定回答:No,主语+haven't/ hasn't. —Has she arrived in Beijing? 她已经到北京了吗? —Yes, she has./No, she hasn't. 是的,她已经到了。/不,她还没到。 三.过去分词的变化规则 变化规则 例词 规则 动词 的变 化  直接在词尾加 work→ open→ 以不发音的e结尾的词 live→ realize→ 以"辅音字母+y"结尾的词, study→ hurry→ 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词, stop→ plan→ 【注意】 不规则动词的变化请牢记课本上的不规则动词表。 四.时间状语   现在完成时常与already、 yet、 just、 ever、 never、 recently 等词以及for、since引导的时间状语连用。具体用法: 单词 用法 例句 already 意为"已经",常用于肯定句中,放在句中或句末。 The seventh-grade textbook in Chinese middle schools has already included One Day in Space, Yang Liwei's article.国内中学七年级课本已经收录了杨利伟的《太空一日》这篇文章。 yet 意为"还,仍",常用于否定句和疑问句句末。 —Have you spoken to Mr Green yet?你已经和格林先生说了吗? —No. He hasn't come in yet.没。他还没有进来。 just 意为"刚刚",常用于肯定句中。 I have just come back from Nanjing.我刚从南京回来。 ever 意为"曾经",常用于疑问句中。 Have you ever visited the Great Wall?你曾参观过长城吗? never 表示否定,意为"从未",用于否定句中。 I've never heard of that man before.我以前从未听说过那个男士。 recently 意为"最近",可放在句首、句中或句末。 I haven't seen Li Ming recently.我最近没有见过李明。 for 后接一段时间。 I have been in China for six years.我来中国已经六年了。 since 意为"自……以来",表示从过去某个时间开始一直延续到现在。 I haven't eaten anything since breakfast.早饭以后我还没吃过东西呢。 Ⅰ.根据句意用所给词的适当形式填空 1.They  (finish) their homework by now.  2.How long has Mr Smith   (teach) English so far?  3.John   (play) this computer games a few times.  4.I   (repair) over ten bicycles since last Monday.  Ⅱ.根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词 1.你曾经去过香港吗?    you ever   to Hong Kong?  2.我们已经几年没有见到雪了。 We       snow for a few years.  3.他从昨天晚上开始就感觉不舒服。 He hasn’t felt well           .  4.你最近收到家人的来信了吗? Have you       your family   ?  二、用所给动词的适当形式填空  1. She’s________(live)here ever since she was ten. 2. Both of them ___________ (be) in Hong Kong for ten days.   3. Miss Wang__________(teach) us English last year. 4. Half an hour __________ (pass) since the train __________ (leave).  5. Mary________(lose) her pen. ________ you _______(see) it here and there?  6. _________ you _____ (find) your watch yet?  7. ---Are you thirsty? ---No. I _________just _________ (have) some orange.  8. We ______ already _________ (return) the book.  9. ________ they _______ (build) a new school in the village?  10. I _____________(not finish) my homework . Can you help me?  11. My father _____ (read) the novel twice.  12. I _________ (buy) a book just now.  13. I _________ (lost ) my watch yesterday.  14. .The train____________(arrive) in half an hour. 15._________he ever________(be) to Beijing? 写作 本单元的话题是“家乡的变化”。在具体的写作中,学生应做到以下几点: 1.能熟练掌握现在完成时的用法; 2.能简单介绍家乡过去的样子和现在的变化,可以从环境、住房、交通等方面描写; 3.能熟练使用本单元的重点单词和短语。 词汇积累 since 自……以来 ever 曾经 realize 意识到 however 然而 before 以前,过去 recently 近来,最近 used to 曾经 turn...into... 把……变成…… in some ways 在某种程度上 from time to time 有时,偶尔 in the past 在过去 over the years 多年来 used to do sth 过去常常做某事 take place 发生 move away 搬走 a modern town 一个现代化的城镇 tall buildings 高楼 fresh air 新鲜的空气 green trees on both sides 两边都是绿色的树木 open space 开阔的空地 live a comfortable life 过着舒适的生活 narrow and dirty road 狭窄而脏乱的道路 wide and clean streets 宽阔干净的街道 have one’s own car 有自己的汽车 make communication easier 使交流变得更容易 句型积累 1.The city has changed a lot since I lived here.自从我住在这里起,这座城市已经改变了很多。 2.Great changes have taken place in my hometown.我的家乡发生了很大的变化。 3.He used to be a teacher,but now he isn’t.他过去曾经是一名老师,但现在不是。 4.But they have their own production factory.但是他们拥有自己的生产工厂。 5.In the past,there were only single-decker buses.在过去,只有单层公共汽车。 6.The old lady enjoys a quiet life with her family.那个老太太和她的家人过着宁静的生活。 近几年,在党和国家的惠民政策帮助下,全国都在落实精准扶贫。你的家乡发生了翻天覆地的变化。请以“Great changes in my hometown”为题写一篇文章,内容包括以下要点,可适当发挥。 1.人们的生活条件有了很大改善。高楼随处可见。农村的孩子也有了更好的教育。 2.生活环境也得到了改善。天更蓝了,水更清了,路更宽了,树更绿了。 3.交通变得更方便。家乡有了飞机场、高速公路、高铁站、火车站等。 4.每年都有许多国内外游客来家乡参观。 要求: 1.字迹工整,书写规范; 2.词数80左右(开头已给出,不计入总词数); 3.文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称。   家乡近年来的快速发展带来了许多新鲜事物,也带走了许多回忆。请你以"Great changes in my hometown"为题写一篇英语短文,介绍你家乡近年来的变化。 要点:1.家乡过去是什么样? 2.家乡现在是什么样? 3.你对这些变化的感受是什么? 要求:1.文中不得出现自己的真实姓名和学校名称; 2.不少于80词,开头已给出,不计入总数。 Great changes in my hometown My hometown has changed a lot in recent years.  Unit 2 Travelling 现在完成时(Ⅱ) 一. have/has been和 have/has gone的用法 (1)have/has been表示某人曾经去过某地,并且已经回来。常与ever、 never、 once、 twice、 three times等连用,但不能与时间段连用。 Mr Wang has been to Xizang three times. 王先生去过西藏三次。 (2)have/has gone表示某人已经去了某地,但还没回来。 Mr Zhang has gone to Shanghai. 张先生已经去上海了。 "have/has been in+地点名词"常与表示一段时间的状语连用,表示某人已在某地停留一段时间,现在仍在那里。 I have been in America for two years.我到美国已有两年了。 二. for和since的用法 三. 延续性动词和非延续性动词 延续性动词表示的动作可以持续,能够与表示一段时间的状语连用。非延续性动词又称为瞬间动词或短暂性动词,表示的动作不能持续,在肯定句中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。 当现在完成时的时间状语是一段时间时,句中的谓语动词不能用非延续性动词,这时,可把非延续性动词变为延续性动词。常见的非延续性动词变为延续性动词的有: 非延续性动词 延续性动词 现在完成时构成 buy borrow become die leave begin/start finish/stop join marry catch a cold open close fall ill fall asleep Ⅰ.用have/has gone或have/has been完成句子 1.My father   to Beijing.He will be back in two days. 2.The Greens   to the USA twice.  3.—Where are your parents now?I haven’t seen them for a long time. —They   to Xiamen.  4.Millie   to many places of interest in our city.  Ⅱ.同义句转换,每空一词 1.They got married three years ago. They       married for three years.  2.I borrowed that book last week. I       that book since last week.  3.Simon fell ill last month. Simon       ill since last month.  4.She joined the Reading Club last term. She           the Reading Club since last term.  写作 写作要求 本单元的话题是“旅行”。在具体的写作中,学生应做到以下几点: 1.能正确运用现在完成时表达旅行的状态和过程; 2.能根据提示描述一次难忘的旅行,正确表达旅行中的细节; 3.能准确使用本单元的新单词和句型。 词汇积累 interesting 有趣的 exciting 令人兴奋的 nice 美好的 during the winter holiday 在寒假期间 leave for sp 出发去某地 the most famous theme park最著名的主题公园 watch the fireworks 观看烟火 watch dolphin show 观看海豚表演 go fishing by the lake 在湖边钓鱼 fly kites 放风筝 take photos 拍照 visit museums 参观博物馆 take a direct flight to... 乘直达飞机去…… buy presents for relatives 为亲戚买礼物 go shopping 去购物 delicious seafood 美味的海鲜 enjoy the trip 享受旅程 have been there twice 已经去过那里两次 句型积累 1.It took us two and a half hours to fly to Hong Kong.我们花了两个半小时坐飞机到香港。 2.The next day,we went to the Jinji Lake in Suzhou by taxi.第二天,我们乘出租车去了苏州金鸡湖。 3.I loved visiting Chinese classical gardens,because they are beautiful.我喜欢参观中国古典园林,因为它们很美。 4.Climbing the hill is the best part of the tour.旅行中最好的一部分是爬山。 5.We enjoyed ourselves and will never forget this exciting trip.我们玩得很开心,而且永远忘不了这次令人兴奋的旅行。 假如你是李华,去年夏天,你和家人去了海南岛,那里风景优美,气候宜人。你在海滩上漫步、嬉戏,在海里游泳、冲浪,玩得非常开心。请你用英语描述一下自己在海南岛的这次旅游经历。 要求:1.词数80左右; 2.不可逐句翻译,可适当发挥。 旅行是一件让人放松和快乐的事。假如你是李华,经常会和家人一起旅游,去了解不同地方的风土人情。请你用英语写一篇短文向校英文报投稿。 注意:1.词数80左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯; 3.文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。 Unit 3 Online tours 现在完成时(Ⅲ) 一般过去时和现在完成时的区别 一. 用法不同 时态 用法 例句 一般过去时 表示过去某个时间发生的事情或存在的状态,说话的侧重点在陈述过去发生的事情或状态。 My mother was a doctor five years ago.我妈妈五年前是名医生。 (五年前是医生,与现在无关) 现在完成时 表示到说话时为止已经发生或完成(不一定结束)的动作或状态,强调造成的结果或对现在产生的影响。 My mother has been a doctor for five years .我妈妈当医生五年了。 (从五年前到现在一直是医生) 二. 时间状语不同 时态 时间状语 例句 一般过去时 通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如:yesterday、the day before yesterday、last week(night,month,year)、the other day、in 2018、just now、at the age of 10、two years ago等。 I did not help him with his English last week.上周我没有帮助他学英语。 现在完成时 通常和频度副词或表示一段时间的状语连用。如:already、yet、just、never、ever、before、recently、so far、in/during/over the past two years、for five days、since last year等。 Our school life has changed a lot since 2022.我们的学校生活自2022年以来发生了很大变化。 Ⅰ.根据句意用所给词的适当形式填空 1.—Is Tom doing his homework? —No,he   (finish) his homework already.  2.—Do you know Miss King? —No,but I   (hear) of her before.  3.—What about the film? —Sorry,I don’t know.I   (see) it yet.  4.—   you ever   (be) to People’s Park?  —No,never. 5.—How does he get on with his classmates? —Oh,he   (change) a lot these days.  Ⅱ.根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词 1.迈克自从2004年就有了这部手机。他开始工作的时候买的。 Mike       this phone since 2004.He   it when he started to work.  2.我们有六年没见面了。我们两个都在2012年离开了这个工厂。 We       each other for six years.Both of us   the factory in 2012.  3.我已经看过这部电影了。我上周看的。 I   already   the film.I   it last week.  4.很多年前上海是一个小镇。现在它已经变成了一座大城市。 Shanghai   a small town many years ago.Now it       a large city.  5.自从1993年搬到这里,我就开始在这里工作了。 I       here since I   here in 1993.  写作 本单元的话题是“介绍国家”。在具体的写作中,学生应做到以下几点: 1.能从地理、历史、天气、货币等方面介绍一个国家; 2.能正确区分一般过去时和现在完成时; 3.能熟练使用本单元的单词、短语和句型。 词汇积累 rainy 多雨的 sunny 有阳光的 pound 英镑 dollar 美元 RMB 人民币 on the north-east coast of 在……的东北海岸 the largest city 最大的城市 an island country 一个岛国 be made up of 由……构成 be famous for 因……而著名 a long history 一段很长的历史 be home of 是……的家园 beautiful and modern 美丽而又现代化的 the capital city 首都城市 such as... 例如…… wet and cold 又湿又冷 the best time to visit 游览的最好时间 句型积累 1.Sydney is on the north-east coast of Australia.悉尼位于澳大利亚东北海岸。 2.The old city has a long history.这座古老的城市有很长的历史。 3.The best time to visit the UK is from May to September because the winter is wet and cold there.参观英国最好的时间是从5月到9月,因为那里的冬天又湿又冷。 4.The weather changes often there.那里的天气经常变化。 5.It has always been famous for its delicious food.它因美食而著名。 根据提示,将以下句子连成一篇英语短文。 1.澳大利亚是一个岛国。它是大洋洲最大的国家,位于太平洋的南端。(island country;Oceania;south coast) 2.它一直以来因野生动物而著名,比如袋鼠和考拉。考拉是澳大利亚的珍稀动物。(be famous for;such as) 3.它的首都堪培拉是一个美丽而又现代化的城市。(Canberra;capital;beautiful and modern) 4.悉尼是澳大利亚最大的城市。这里有许多名胜,其中悉尼歌剧院闻名于世。第27届夏季奥运会就是2000年在悉尼举行的。(Sydney;place of interest;Opera House;Olympic Games) 假设你在某网页上浏览了红色旅游地——长沙,请根据以下要点,写一篇不少于80词的英语短文,介绍一下你的长沙在线之旅。   参考词汇:obsess 使痴迷;patriotism 爱国主义;revolutionary martyrs 革命烈士   Today I took a tour of Changsha on the website.  Unit 4 A good read 疑问词+动词不定式 动词不定式常与疑问代词what、 which、 who和疑问副词how、 when、 where等连用,构成"疑问词+动词不定式"结构,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语等多种句子成分。 When to have the party has not been decided.什么时候举行聚会还没有决定。(作主语) The question is how to get there in such a short time. 问题是如何在如此短的时间内到达那儿。(作表语) The restaurant has so many dishes that I can't decide which to eat. 这个饭店有如此多的菜品以至于我不能决定吃哪道菜。(作宾语) (1)常和"疑问词+动词不定式"结构连用的动词及短语有:know、see、hear、ask、learn、decide、tell、advise、explain、forget、remember、think、understand、wonder、find out等。 He doesn't know where to go this winter vacation. 他不知道这个寒假去哪里。 (2)"疑问词+动词不定式"结构可以改写成由该疑问词引导的从句,从而把简单句改为复合句,其意义不变。 Tony doesn't know what to do. = Tony doesn't know what he should do. 托尼不知道他应该做什么。 所有疑问词中,只有why不能与动词不定式连用 must和have to的用法 (1)must表示主观的义务和必要,意为"必须,得,要";have to表示一种客观的需要,意为 "不得不"。 All passengers must wear seat belts. 所有乘客都必须系安全带。 My bike was broken yesterday, so I had to walk to school. 昨天我的自行车坏了,所以我不得不走路上学。 (2)must没有人称、数和时态的变化,后接动词原形;have to有人称、数和时态的变化。 I must go now.我现在必须走了。 The old man has to live alone because his son works in another city. 那位老人不得不独自生活,因为他的儿子在另一个城市工作。 (3)在否定句中, mustn't表示禁止,意为"不许,不能";don't/doesn't/didn't have to意为"不必,无须",相当于needn't。 You mustn't tell him about it.你不能告诉他这件事。 We don't have to/needn't go to school on Sundays. 周日我们不必去上学。 (4)回答含有must的一般疑问句时,其肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn't或don't have to;回答含有have to的一般疑问句时,要用do的适当形式。 —Must I leave now?我现在必须离开吗? —Yes, you must./No, you don't have to/needn't.是的,你必须(离开)。/不,你不必。 —Does Jack have to stay at home on Sunday? 杰克星期天必须待在家里吗? —Yes, he does./No, he doesn't.是的,他必须(待在家里)。/不,他不必(待在家里)。 写作 本单元的话题是“阅读”。在具体的写作中,学生应做到以下几点: 1.能熟悉有关阅读习惯的话题,写一篇有关阅读习惯的文章; 2.能准确使用“疑问词+不定式”的结构; 3.能准确运用一些连词,进行有条理的叙述,提高自己的写作水平。 词汇积累 advice 建议 renew 续借 librarian 图书管理员 opposite 在……对面 reading habit 阅读习惯 return books on time 按时还书 enjoy reading the books of sb 喜欢阅读某人的书 be interested in 对……感兴趣 novels and science fictions 小说和科幻小说 love reading 喜欢阅读 discuss what to read 讨论阅读什么 order books online 网上订书 get knowledge from reading 从阅读中获得知识 open up a whole new world 打开一个全新的世界 句型积累 1.It’s always wonderful when you read.阅读的时候总是很棒的。 2.I spend over five hours a week reading.我每周花超过五个小时阅读。 3.The four great classical Chinese novels are my favourite.中国的四大名著是我最喜欢的书。 4.I love reading because I can get a lot of knowledge from it.我喜欢阅读,因为我可以从中获得很多知识。 5.They also open up a whole new world to me.它们也给我打开了一个全新的世界。 6.You don’t have to come to our desk every time.Just renew them online.你不必每次都来我们的服务台办理。在线续借即可。 7.We often meet together and decide what to read.我们经常聚在一起,讨论读什么。 8.After reading the book,I am not as shy as I used to be and I am willing to try new things.读过这本书之后,我不再像以前一样害羞了,而且我愿意去尝试新事物了。 目前中学生学习任务重,学习压力大。而广泛的阅读有利于开阔视野,调节身心。你喜欢阅读吗?你喜欢阅读什么样的书呢?作为中学生的你,是如何看待阅读的?请就这个话题,写一篇英文短文,谈谈你的想法和理由,可适当给出建议。 注意:1.词数80左右; 2.文中不得出现真实的地名、校名和人名; 3.要求条理清楚、语意连贯、字迹工整,可适当发挥。 为了响应国家全民阅读的号召,你校将举办读书节。假如你是李华,请你根据下面思维导图,以"My Favorite Book"为主题,写一篇英语短文,在读书分享会中介绍自己最喜欢的一本书。 注意事项: 1.语句通顺,意思连贯,内容完整; 2.书名可以用汉语拼音; 3.不少于80词。 My Favorite Book / 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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专题02 Unit1-4重点语法,书面表达归纳-2024-2025学年八年级英语下学期期中考点大串讲(牛津译林版)
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专题02 Unit1-4重点语法,书面表达归纳-2024-2025学年八年级英语下学期期中考点大串讲(牛津译林版)
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专题02 Unit1-4重点语法,书面表达归纳-2024-2025学年八年级英语下学期期中考点大串讲(牛津译林版)
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