必修第1册 Unit 6 At One with Nature（Word练习）-【精讲精练】2026年高考英语一轮复习（外研版）

[对应学生用书P458] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·长沙适应性考试)Nothing earns attention like rarity.In the natural world，rarity is most clearly represented by the last members of a declining species.These scarce (稀少的) plants and animals are extremely valuable; they represent the final hope for preventing extinction.The efforts toward conserving rare species have made an enormous difference.In the past few decades，declines of many endangered plants and animals have been reversed (逆转).But the attention to scarcity could come at the expense of overlooking the ordinary. If we are to conserve nature，we must maintain our focus on the familiar.Increasingly，conservation is turning its sight in this direction—to safeguard what is common，not just what is rare. There are good reasons to consider the common.A study of North American birds uncovered that we have lost three billion birds on this continent within the past two generations. These declines include species once considered widespread and secure，like the common redpoll，whose numbers are down by 29 million and the common nighthawk，down by 26 million.The shocking losses are a reminder that the mark of a species in trouble is not rarity，but the rate of decline. Notably，the shifts in abundance of common species can translate into sizeable shifts in ecosystem functioning.One caribou herd (驯鹿群)，numbering among the hundreds of thousands，removes millions of kilograms of food for animals every year and returns nutrients to the soil in the form of millions of kilograms of animal wastes. The value of common species is not just ecological and economic，but psychological.Study after study demonstrates that encounters with the natural world improve our mental state.Losing familiar species—whether birds in our backyard or butterflies on our doorstep—is likely to shrink (缩小) such opportunities for engagement. Rarity will always occupy a significant place in conservation.But in our pursuit for a sustainable and biodiverse future，we must avoid “the extinction of commonness”． [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了在过去的几十年里，许多濒临灭绝的动植物的衰退已经逆转。但是，对稀缺性的关注可能是以忽视平凡为代价的。如果我们要保护自然，我们必须保持对熟悉物种的关注。 1．What is the purpose of the first paragraph? A．To make a survey. B．To offer a suggestion. C．To introduce the topic. D．To provide an example. 解析　C　写作意图题。文章第一段谈到保护稀有物种的努力产生了巨大的影响，但根据第一段最后一句中的But可知，此处话题产生转折，引出“对稀缺性的关注可能是以忽视平凡为代价的”这一观点，也就是说第一段的目的是引出文章主题，故选C。 2．What does the example of the bird study suggest according to the text? A．Species losses balance the ecosystem. B．Birds produce many nutrients to the soil. C．Species' rate of decline arouses people's concern. D．Birds are described as widespread and secure animals. 解析　C　细节理解题。根据第三段和第四段中的“These declines include species once considered widespread and secure”可知，关于北美鸟类的一项研究显示出的下降包括曾经被认为分布广泛且安全的物种；再由“The shocking losses are a reminder that the mark of a species in trouble is not rarity，but the rate of decline”可知，令人震惊的损失提醒我们，某一物种陷入困境的标志不是其稀有性，而是其下降速度。因此可推测，文中谈到该鸟类研究是想说物种下降速度之快，引起了人们的关注，故选C。 3．What can we conclude from the text? A．Rarity matters most in conservation. B．Familiar species shouldn't be ignored. C．Biodiversity results in the extinction of commonness. D．People's physical state worsens for the sustainable development. 解析　B　推理判断题。由第一段中引出主题的最后一句“But the attention to scarcity could come at the expense of overlooking the ordinary”、第二段最后一句和文章最后一句可知，熟悉的物种不应该被忽视，故选B。 4．Where is this text most probably taken from? A．A news report. B．A health column. C．A biology magazine. D．A travel brochure. 解析　C　文章出处题。本文主要谈论了关注稀有物种的同时，我们也应该保护熟悉的物种，这些和生物息息相关，故本文最可能来自一本生物学杂志，故选C。 B (2024·吉林地区四模)Dror Angel，a marine ecologist seeks to fight climate change by purposefully sinking waste wood to the sea floor，where carbon that the trees stored up while living can remain locked away for centuries.This initiative，led by Israeli company Rewind，is part of a growing trend in carbon capture technologies seeking to draw carbon out of the atmosphere. Whereas some carbon capture schemes require expensive machines and complex chemistry，burying terrestrial biomass(地球生物量) at sea is extremely simple: All it takes are tugboats，barges，and woody waste from forestry and agriculture.The approach is favoured over another ocean­based carbon capture methods: growing and sinking seaweed.The advantage lies in the fact that the plant material is grown on land，reducing the risk of robbing the surrounding waters of nutrients.Additionally，the existing infrastructure(基础结构) for terrestrial biomass production makes it more practical at scale.And because woody plants are tough and unlikely to degrade(降解)，they can effectively store carbon. In the Black Sea，Rewind has one of the world's great carbon burial sites.The sea is much saltier at the bottom than at the top，so the two layers don't mix much at all—one reason why very little oxygen makes it to the sea floor.And because the layers don't mix，any greenhouse gases that are produced will be locked in the depths for hundreds or thousands of years. However，critics raise concerns about potential drawbacks.The transportation of biomass on earth globally may not be environmentally practicable.And removing terrestrial biomass from land could steal soil nutrients over time.Additionally，as new uses for terrestrial biomass emerge，such as sustainable building materials or biochar(生物炭)，the most environmentally friendly approach must be considered. Ning Zeng，a climate scientist，agrees that sinking terrestrial biomass has its limitations and challenges.But the urgency of carbon removal demands that every possible scheme be explored thoroughly，and he says，“I think every idea deserves $1 billion of support to test it out.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项旨在通过将废弃木材沉入海底来对抗气候变化的碳封存技术。 5．What is the purpose of the Rewind's project? A．To develop new marine ecosystems. B．To explore unknown marine species. C．To trap carbon at sea. D．To store carbon for future use. 解析　C　推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，海洋生态学家Dror Angel试图通过将废弃木材沉入海底来应对气候变化，这些树木在活着的时候储存的碳可以被锁在海底数百年。寻求从大气中吸收碳的碳捕获技术的趋势日益增长，由以色列公司Rewind牵头的这项计划就是这一趋势的一部分。据此可知，Rewind项目的目的是将碳储存在海里。故选C。 6．Which of the following advantages of the wooden­sinking method is not mentioned? A．A decreased impact on marine ecology. B．A slim chance of breaking down. C．Increased absorption of carbon. D．Great practice on a large scale. 解析　C　细节理解题。 根据第二段中的“the plant material is grown on land，reducing the risk of robbing the surrounding waters of nutrients”可知，这种植物材料是在陆地上生长的，减少了掠夺周围水域营养物质的风险，也就减小了对海洋生态的影响(A项)。再由第二段中的“the existing infrastructure(基础结构) for terrestrial biomass production makes it more practical at scale”可知，地球生物量生产的现有基础结构使其在规模上更加实用，即具有大规模实践的便利性(D项)；再由“because woody plants are tough and unlikely to degrade(降解)，they can effectively store carbon”可知，木本植物坚韧且不太可能降解(B项)，它们可以有效地储存碳。因此只有C项“增加碳吸收”没有被提及。 7．What can be inferred from paragraph 4? A．The transportation of terrestrial biomass is harmless to the environment. B．Carbon capture efforts need to be balanced with other environmental goals. C．Terrestrial biomass has no significant use other than carbon capture. D．Burying terrestrial biomass is the best way to keep carbon. 解析　B　推理判断题。分析第四段可知，第一句为该段主旨句，表示“但批评人士对潜在的不利因素表示担忧”。所以本段介绍的是沉木存碳这一方法的缺点，即下文提到的“全球范围内的运输可能对环境不友好”“从土地上移除地球生物量可能会慢慢地窃取土壤的养分”。再根据下文中的“Additionally，as new uses for terrestrial biomass emerge...the most environmentally friendly approach must be considered”可知，随着地球生物量新用途的出现，例如可持续建筑材料或生物炭，必须考虑最有利于环境的办法。据此可推知，碳捕获所作出的努力需要与其他环境目标保持平衡。故选B。 8．What is the article's tone towards the initiative led by Dror Angel and Rewind? A．Skeptical. B．Objective. C．Ambiguous. D．Indifferent. 解析　B　观点态度题。 通读全文可知，文章第二段提到了Rewind项目的优势，第四段提到了批评者对其潜在缺点的担忧，最后一段提到一位气象学家认为这一项目既有局限性和挑战，但鉴于碳去除的紧迫性，每一种可能的方法都应该得到充分探索。所以文章对该计划的叙述既非完全怀疑，也非全然赞同，而是呈现了客观全面的信息。故选B。skeptical“怀疑的”；ambiguous“模棱两可的”；indifferent“不在乎的；漠不关心的”。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2024·沈阳质量监测)When it comes to studying，most of us bank on being able to focus on our subject like a shooter focusing on his target.It is when we actually sit down to study that our minds begin to slip away.This is because focus is like a muscle.Unless you build it，you'll be distracted by everything! 1 ． ●Make a to­do list Sometimes the simple act of writing down everything that's on your plate makes it more manageable.You get it out of your working memory，so it's no longer part of the free­floating anxiety cloud around you. 2 ．Once it's out of your head，it won't distract you. ●Meditate(冥想) 3 ．Just breathe in，breathe out.Try this for five to fifteen minutes each day.As you get into this practice，most of you find your minds are in fact an incredibly noisy and distracting place.Loads of ideas are always popping up.This is normal，though.The real value is every time you notice that your mind wanders，you can bring your attention back. ●Listen Focused listening is a life skill，one that can be applied in many areas. 4 ．When you do this，you'll discover that deep listening is HARD WORK and requires brainpower. ●Read difficult works Read long­form pieces of work at a slow，deliberate pace.Reading difficult material successfully requires real concentration and determination，and your willpower will grow accordingly. Focus is a skill you can nurture in yourself. 5 ．The more you work on it，the more focused you will stay. A．You can cross things out，one by one B．Doing it isn't supposed to be necessary C．It takes effort，but the results are well worth it D．One simple practice is to focus on your breathing E．Let's see what you can do to build your focus power F．You'll be physically strong if you can power up your focus G．It's important to do your listening actively and single­mindedly [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。 在学习中，“集中精力”说起来容易做起来难。如何才能养成不分心的习惯呢？文章分别从列出待办事项、冥想、倾听、阅读不易理解的作品四个方面给出了合理的建议。 1．解析　E　空处位于首段的段尾，应是承上启下的关键句。根据空前提到集中精力就像一块肌肉，除非你建造它，否则你会被每一件事分散注意力和下文提到的四个建议可知，E项“让我们看看你能做些什么来建立你的专注力”承上启下，符合语境。 2．解析　A　根据空前提到的“有时，把你手头的所有事情都写下来的简单行为会让它更容易被管理”和空后“一旦它从你的脑海中消失，它就不会分散你的注意力了”可推知，空处内容应与所列的待办事项有关。因此，A项“你可以把事情一件一件地划掉”符合语境。 3．解析　D　根据小标题Meditate(冥想)和空后“仅仅是吸气呼气”可推知，空处内容应说冥想的其中一个方法是专注于你的呼吸。故选D。 4．解析　G　根据小标题“听”和空后“当你这样做的时候，你会发现深度倾听是一项艰巨的工作，需要脑力”可推知，空处内容应与良好的倾听有关。故选G项“积极且专注地倾听是重要的”。空后的“this”与G项描述的行为相对应。 5．解析　C　空前讲集中精力是你自己可以培养的一项技能，再根据空后内容“你做得越多，你就越专注”可推知，C项“这需要努力，但结果是很值得的”承上启下，符合语境。 Ⅲ.语法填空 (2024·合肥质量检测)There is a Chinese story of an old man in his 90s working with his family to remove mountains to connect the outside world 1. others' doubts.The story has inspired the Chinese to unite and overcome difficulties with 2. (determine) and hard work. The story became a reality in Lin County，Henan Province in the 1960s.A 1，500­kilometer­long waterway along the cliffs (悬崖) of the Taihang Mountains 3. (build)by the local people within 10 years，bringing precious water from the Zhanghe River in the bordering Shanxi Province to the drought­hit area. Initially，finding drinking water was 4. headache for residents：People had to fetch water from five kilometers away every day.5. (ease) this area's water shortages，the local government decided to construct a canal across the mountains， 6. construction was a remarkable engineering achievement. People tied ropes around their waists and 7. (hang) off cliffs，drilling holes in rocks，and then dug canals with simple tools.From February 1960 to July 1969，they leveled 1，250 mountain tops and dug 211 tunnels (隧道)，8. (remove) 22.25 million cubic meters of earth and rocks. Their efforts gained multiple 9. (benefit).It was the canal that 10. (dramatic) changed the life of the local people，irrigating (灌溉) 36，000 hectares of land and solving water supply difficulties to some 567，000 people.Their deeds have been hailed (称颂) as the “spirit of the Red Flag Canal”． [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了红旗渠建设的背景、过程和意义。 1．解析　despite　考查介词。结合句意“一个90多岁的老人和他的家人，不管他人的质疑，一起移山以连接外部世界”可知，空处的意思是“不管，不顾”，空后接的是一个名词，所以空处填despite。 2．解析　determination　考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处跟在介词with的后面作宾语，需要用名词形式，所以空处填determination。 3．解析　was built　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致 。分析句子结构可知，空处作句子的谓语，结合上一句的时间状语in the 1960s可知，此处讲的是过去发生的事情，时态用一般过去时；主语A 1，500­kilometer­long waterway和build之间是被动关系，主语为第三人称单数，所以空处填was built。 4．解析　a　考查冠词。结合句意“找饮用水对当地人来说是一件头疼的事情”可知，空处需要用冠词，表示泛指概念，又因空后的headache以辅音音素开头，所以空处填a。 5．解析　To ease　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语动词是decided，空处在句中作非谓语。结合“为了缓解该地区的水资源短缺问题，当地政府决定修建一条横跨山脉的水渠”可知，空处作目的状语。位于句首时，首字母需大写，所以空处填To ease。 6．解析　whose　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是表示物的名词canal，与construction之间是从属关系，所以空处填whose。 7．解析　hung　考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，空处与and前面的tied并列，作本句的谓语。此处讲的都是过去发生的事情，时态用一般过去时，且people和hang之间为主动关系，所以空处填hung。 8．解析　removing　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语动词是leveled和dug，空处在句中作非谓语。they与remove之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以空处填removing。 9．解析　benefits　考查名词复数。分析句子结构可知，空处作gained的宾语，benefit在此处作名词，根据空前的multiple可知，空处需要用名词复数，所以空处填benefits。 10．解析　dramatically　考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空后的动词changed，需要用副词，所以空处填dramatically。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$