专题3 第5讲 非谓语动词（Word教参）-【精讲精练】2026年高考英语一轮复习（北师大版）

第5讲　非谓语动词 在英语中，一个主谓结构中只能有一个谓语动词，再出现动词时，就要使用非谓语形式。动词的非谓语形式包括不定式、­ing形式(分为动名词、现在分词)和­ed形式(过去分词)。 考点一　非谓语动词的形式及句法功能 种类 形式 主动 被动 主语 宾语 宾补 表语 定语 状语 不定式 一般式 to do to be done √ √ √ √ √ √ 进行式 to be doing × 完成式 to have done to have been done 动名词 一般式 doing being done √ √ × √ √ × 完成式 having done having been done 分 词 现在分词 一般式 doing being done × × √ √ √ √ 完成式 Having done having been done 过去分词 一般式 done (vi.) 表示完成 done(vt.)表 示被动与完成 (1)非谓语动词与逻辑主语(通常是句子的主语)之间存在主谓、动宾关系。与逻辑主语之间存在主谓关系时，用主动形式；与逻辑主语之间存在动宾关系时， 用被动形式。 (2)时间先后关系 根据非谓语动词与谓语动词表示的动作之间的时间先后关系确定形式： ①非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后或同时发生， 用非谓语动词的一般式； ②非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前， 用非谓语动词的完成式。　 单句语法填空 ①The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried (carry) out the next year. ②Not having completed (complete) the programme，they have to stay there for another two weeks. ③The bank is reported in the local newspaper to have been robbed (rob) in broad daylight yesterday. ④This problem is far from being settled (settle)，so it has to be discussed again at tomorrow's meeting. 考点二　非谓语动词作主语和表语 1．非谓语动词作主语 (1)doing/to do作主语，可以直接放在句首，谓语动词常常用单数；表示抽象的、习惯性的或经常性的动作用doing，表示具体某一次的动作用to do。 (2)it作形式主语，代替真正作主语的动词不定式或动名词的常见句型： ①It's＋adj.(hard/difficult/easy/possible/kind等)(＋for/of sb) ＋to do sth ②It's no use/no good/no pleasure/a waste of time doing sth ③It takes sb＋some time/money＋to do sth ④It's worthwhile doing/to do sth 2．非谓语动词作表语 (1)不定式作表语 ①表示将来； ②对主语作进一步说明，其主语通常为aim, decision, dream, idea, intention, plan, purpose, wish等。 (2)动名词作表语 说明主语的内容或性质，无正在进行之意，主语和表语可互换位置。 (3)分词作表语 说明主语的性质或特征，通常可直接看作形容词，现在分词常译为“令人……的”，多用于修饰物；过去分词常译为“感到……的”，多用于修饰人。 单句语法填空 ①It's standard practice for a company like this one to employ (employ) a security officer. ②I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel challenged (challenge)． ③Working (work) voluntarily while exploring new destinations and cultures allows individuals to learn new skills and gain a deeper understanding of a country and its people. ④Listening (listen) to loud music at rock concerts has caused hearing loss in some teenagers. 考点三　非谓语动词作宾语 1．作动词的宾语 (1)只跟不定式 agree同意　attempt尝试 choose选择；宁愿 decline拒绝 determine下决心 fail未做成 manage设法做成 offer主动提出 prepare准备 pretend假装 promise承诺 refuse拒绝 tend往往会 volunteer志愿 (2)只跟动名词 admit承认 advise/suggest建议 advocate支持 appreciate感激 avoid/escape避免 consider仔细考虑 delay/postpone推迟 deny否认 enjoy享受，喜欢 finish完成 imagine想象 include包括 involve包含 keep(on)继续 mention提到 mind介意 miss错过 practise练习 resist抑制，忍住 risk冒险 (3)既可以跟不定式又可以跟动名词 ①意义无区别 begin/start开始 like/love喜欢 continue继续 intend打算 prefer更喜欢 ②意义有区别 2．作介词的宾语：介词之后用动名词作宾语。 3．it作形式宾语：不定式或动名词作宾语时，如果宾语后带有宾补，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语后置，构成结构：v.＋it＋n./adj.＋ to do/doing。 单句语法填空 ①Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being reduced (reduce) to ruins, the city took on a new look. ②Kunqu Opera has managed to attract (attract) a significant American audience over the decades, and has served as a form of cultural exchange between China and the US. ③In countries like France and Russia, people may kiss their friends on the cheek when they meet, while in other countries of the world people favour shaking (shake) hands, bowing or nodding the head. 考点四　非谓语动词作定语 不定式 作定语 表示动作即将发生 多用于ability，ambition，attempt，chance，courage，decision，desire，determination，effort，reason，time，tradition等词后 多用于被序数词，the only，the last，the right或形容词最高级修饰的名词后 动名词作定语 表示所修饰名词的用途 分词作定语 现在分词表示主动、正在进行；过去分词表示被动、完成 单句语法填空 ①The matter being discussed (discuss) now is so important that it will attract everyone's attention. ②Having a large family to support (support)，he took up two part­time jobs in his spare time. ③Earth Day，marked (mark) on 22 April，is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection. ④Actually，it is quite normal for an average person living (live) in a city to see thousands of ads every single day. 考点五　非谓语动词作状语 不定式 作状语 作目的状语， 有时用in order to或so as to，但so as to不用于句首 作结果状语，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，常用结构enough to, so/such...as to, too...to..., only to等 作原因状语， 此时常与表示情感的形容词连用， 如glad, happy, frightened, surprised等 分词作状语 分词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。现在分词与其逻辑主语构成主谓关系；过去分词与其逻辑主语构成动宾关系。 独立主 格结构作状语 作状语的动词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致，而是带有自己的逻辑主语，即“名词/代词＋分词(短语)” 独立成 分作状语 to tell (you) the truth老实说　to be honest老实说　to begin with首先　to make matters worse更糟糕的是　to sum up 总之　to be brief简言之　considering that/given that考虑到，鉴于　generally speaking一般来说　judging by/from根据……来判断　providing/provided that/supposing that假设　compared with/to 与……相比 单句语法填空 ①Later，they learned to work with the seasons，planting at the right time and，in dry areas，making (make) use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their fields. ②To meet (meet) the evolving demands of modern boat races, Xu said he is also constantly improving and innovating his techniques. ③Time permitting (permit)，you can pay a visit to some places of interest in Hangzhou. ④Completed (complete) in 1931，the Empire State Building，the highest skyscraper until 1954，inspired the imagination of the world. ⑤I love to go sightseeing worldwide，always absorbed (absorb) in the culture of every country I visit. 考点六　非谓语动词作补足语 1．非谓语动词作宾补 不定式 作宾补 advise，allow，ask，beg，cause，drive，encourage，expect，force，invite，order，permit，recommend，require，teach，tell，want等词后常跟带to的不定式作宾补 感官动词feel，hear，listen to，look at，observe，see，notice，watch以及使役动词let，have，make等词后常跟不带to的不定式作宾补 现在分 词作宾补 现在分词形式作宾补表示主动、进行。常用现在分词形式作宾语补足语的有：feel，catch，find，listen to/hear，have，keep，get，leave，see，watch，look at，observe，notice等。 过去分 词作宾补 过去分词形式作宾语补足语表示被动、完成。常用过去分词形式作宾语补足语的动词有have，make，get，find，see，notice，watch，hear，feel，want，like等。 2.with复合结构 (1)with＋宾语＋to do，表示动作还未发生。 (2)with＋宾语＋doing，表示主动、动作正在进行。 (3)with＋宾语＋done，表示被动、动作已经完成。 3．作主语补足语 在“动词＋宾语＋宾补”结构中，如果变为被动语态，则需要将宾语前置，变成主语，此时，原来的宾补就成了主补。含有动词不定式作主语补足语的句型：Sb/Sth be said/believed/known/supposed/reported/considered/thought＋to do/to have done/to be done＋其他。 单句语法填空 ①Apart from keeping fit as a type of exercise, many young people pick them up to socialize, allowing them to build (build) up their social circles. ②Whether or not you have a proper vacation planned (plan) for the coming weeks, you could envision any coming weekend as its own two­day mini­break. ③The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following (follow) them. ④I looked up and noticed a snake winding (wind) its way up the tree to catch its breakfast. ⑤The carnival kicked off on November 24 with a star­studded performance provided (provide) by many well­known singers and bands. 技法图解 学以致用 1.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare's Birthplace Garden in 2017.Two years later, a six­meter­tall pavilion, (inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace. 2.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) These sepals(萼片) open on warm days (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. 3.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed (find) the connection between the two great writers. 4.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The latest (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective functional structure that is also beautiful. 5. (2024·全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. 1.解析　inspired　考查非谓语动词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处应用非谓语动词；inspire与逻辑主语a six­meter­tall pavilion之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词形式作后置定语。 2．解析　to give　考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式to give。 3．解析　to find　考查非谓语动词。be amazed to do sth为固定搭配，意为“对做某事感到惊讶”。设空处为不定式作amazed的原因状语，故填to find。 4．解析　engineering　考查非谓语动词。 空处修饰空后的名词techniques，在句中作定语，说明名词的作用，应用动名词engineering。 5．解析　to catch　考查非谓语动词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语tend，此处应填非谓语。tend to do sth意为“往往会做某事”，为固定用法。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．(2024·浙江卷1月) Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份)． 解析　designed　考查非谓语动词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处应用非谓语动词；动词design和逻辑主语packs构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且动作已完成，用过去分词形式作后置定语。 2．(2023·全国乙卷) (visit) several times over the last 10 years，I was amazed by the co­existence of old and new，and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 解析　Having visited　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，设空处在此应用非谓语动词作状语，与逻辑主语I之间是主动关系；根据时间状语over the last 10 years可知，此处visit是先于谓语动词完成的动作，故用现在分词的完成式。故填Having visited。 3．(2023·全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co­existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins, (borrow) some familiar words from many age­old fables. 解析　borrowing　考查非谓语动词。设空处前面有谓语动词begins，且两者之间没有连词连接；分析句子结构可知，设空处为非谓语动词作状语，her fable与borrow之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing。 4．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them，though，one steamer basket is rarely enough，yet two seems greedy，and so I am always left (want) more next time. 解析　wanting　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本分句已有谓语动词，故此空应用非谓语动词，want与I之间为主动关系，故应用现在分词作主语补足语。leave sb doing 意为“使某人处于……状态”。 5．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)To eat one，you have to decide whether (bite) a small hole in it first，releasing the steam and risking a spill (溢出)．.. 解析　to bite　考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词have to decide，设空处与whether连用构成“wh­＋to do”结构，作decide的宾语。故填to bite。 6．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Nanxiang aside，the best xiao long bao have a fine skin，allowing them (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents. 解析　to be lifted　考查非谓语动词。此处为allow sth to be done结构，意为“允许某事被做”，to do作宾语补足语，此处表示“小笼包被拿起”，设空处与宾语them构成被动关系，故用不定式的被动式。故填to be lifted。 7．(2023·全国乙卷)As a photographer，I have spent the last two years (record) everything I discovered. 解析　recording　考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词have spent，设空处作非谓语。spend time (in) doing sth为固定句型，意为“花费时间做某事”。故填recording。 8．(2022·全国甲卷)A visually­challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi'an, as a first step (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot. 解析　to journey　考查非谓语动词。句意：近日，一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安，作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。分析句子并结合句意可知，journey为动词，表示“旅行”，step前面有序数词，应用不定式作后置定语。故填to journey。 9．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP's main goal is (improve) connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and eventually achieve a desired level of population in the wild. 解析　to improve　考查非谓语动词。本句已有系动词is，因此设空处为非谓语形式作表语。名词goal作主语时，通常用动词不定式作表语。故选to improve。 10．(2024·张家界二模) To promote the Belt and Road Initiative, China will continue to cooperate with ASEAN members, (benefit) two billion people in the region. 解析　benefiting　考查非谓语动词。句意：为推进“一带一路”倡议，中国将继续同东盟成员国合作，惠及该地区20亿人民。本句已有谓语 will continue，设空处为非谓语形式作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，应使用现在分词形式，故填 benefiting。 11．(2025·淄博一模) (build) our relationship with nature increases our peace, positivity and well­being, which brings much benefit. 解析　Building/To build　考查非谓语动词。句意：建立与自然的关系会增加我们的平和、积极性和幸福，这带来了很多好处。设空处作句子的主语，应使用动名词或不定式。设空处位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Building/To build。 12．(2024·长沙新高考适应性考试)There are eight different tools used to process the hairy crabs, each (design) for specific parts. 解析　designed　考查非谓语动词。句意：有八种不同的工具用来处理大闸蟹，每一种都是为特定的部位设计的。each for specific parts 为独立主格结构作状语。design与其逻辑主语each构成动宾关系，应使用过去分词形式，故填 designed。 13．(2024·新乡一模) From green sporting venues (场馆) (equip) with wind, photovoltaic(光伏的) and other clean energy sources to technological applications including driverless buses and digital torchbearers, green technology became one of the biggest highlights of the 19th Asian Games. 解析　equipped　考查非谓语动词。句意：从配备了风能、光伏和其他清洁能源的绿色体育场馆到无人驾驶巴士和数字火炬手等技术的应用，绿色技术成为第19届亚运会最大的亮点之一。设空处作后置定语，与被修饰词venues构成逻辑上的动宾关系，应使用过去分词形式，故填equipped。 14．(2024·长沙新高考适应性考试)Female crabs are more prized than male crabs because they contain much more roe and are believed (taste) sweeter. 解析　to taste　考查非谓语动词。句意：雌蟹比雄蟹更珍贵，因为它们含有更多的蟹黄，而且被认为味道更甜美。此处为sth be believed to do...结构，意为“……被认为……”。故填 to taste。 15．(2024·杭州模拟) The exhibition highlights the important moments in the past century's continued archaeological efforts, to reveal the myths surrounding Sanxingdui and the secrets yet (uncover)． 解析　to be uncovered　考查非谓语动词。句意：该展览突出了过去一个世纪持续考古工作中的重要时刻，揭示了围绕三星堆的神话和尚未被揭开的秘密。此处表示“尚未被揭开的秘密”，设空处作后置定语，修饰名词secrets，表示要发生的动作，应使用不定式；且设空处与secrets构成被动关系，应使用不定式的被动式。故填to be uncovered。 Ⅱ.语法填空 (2024·湖南九校联盟联考) Delicate strokes, carved onto wood，with ultimate precision—this is woodblock printing, 1. ancient printing technique that advanced human civilization. As Buddhism prospered in China during the Tang Dynasty, there was a strong need 2. (produce) a large amount of Buddhist scriptures. Meanwhile, 3. (copy) by hand could not meet the rising demand. Ancient Chinese craftsmen thus came up with a novel way to mass­produce printed works. Hence came the 4. (early) form of woodblock printing. Traditional woodblock printing comprises four major steps：writing, engraving, printing, and binding. With each step further 5. (divide) into several procedures, it takes roughly 30 steps to produce a woodblock print. Carving is at the center of woodblock printing as this painstaking step can make 6. break the final print. Characters and images 7. (carve) to produce raised areas or lines that will eventually apply ink to paper. It calls for a pair of skilled hands. A five­meter scroll of the Buddhist scripture Diamond Sutra, printed in 868, is the “earliest dated printed book” in the words of the British Library 8. it is stored. It is just one example of ancient works of art that not only tells the wisdom of our ancestors，but also is an evidence of the 9. (pursue) of beauty by Chinese craftsmen throughout centuries. The invention of writing gave life 10. great thoughts, but it is the invention of printing that made knowledge a shareable fruit for all humankind. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了雕版印刷的起源和特点。 1．解析　an　考查冠词。句意为：在木头上极其精确地雕刻出精致的笔触——这就是雕版印刷，一种推动人类文明发展的古老印刷技术。此处修饰单数名词technique，表示泛指，应用不定冠词修饰；ancient的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。 2．解析　to produce　考查非谓语动词。句意为：唐朝时期佛教在中国蓬勃发展，因此迫切需要生产大量佛经。分析句子结构可知，句中已有系动词was，且与设空处之间无连词连接，设空处应用非谓语动词；名词need后应用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to produce。 3．解析　copying　考查非谓语动词。句意为：与此同时，手工抄写无法满足日益增长的需求。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少主语，设空处应用动名词形式作主语。故填copying。 4．解析　earliest　考查形容词的比较等级。句意为：于是最早的雕版印刷形式出现了。根据空前的定冠词the及语境可知，此处应用形容词的最高级修饰名词form，表示“最早的”。故填earliest。 5．解析　divided　考查非谓语动词。句意为：每一步都进一步分为几个步骤，大约需要30个步骤来制作雕版版面。分析句子结构可知，此处为with复合结构，step和divide之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，设空处应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填divided。 6．解析　or　考查连词。句意为：雕刻是雕版印刷的核心，因为这一细致的步骤可以成就或破坏最终的印刷。分析句子结构可知，设空处连接并列单词make和break，表示“或者”。故填or。 7．解析　are carved　考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致。句意为：文字和图像被雕刻成凸起的区域或线条，这些区域或线条最终刷上墨水印在纸上。分析句子结构可知，设空处是句子的谓语部分，且结合上下文可知，此处陈述客观事实，句子应为一般现在时；主语Characters and images与carve之间是被动关系，所以此处应用被动语态；根据主语Characters and images为复数概念可知，谓语动词应用复数形式。故填are carved。 8．解析　where　考查定语从句。句意为：一卷5米长的佛经卷轴《金刚经》印刷于868年，用收藏它的大英图书馆的话说，“它是最早的年代明确的印刷书籍”。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词British Library，且从句中不缺少成分，设空处应用关系副词；先行词British Library表示地点，设空处在从句中作地点状语，应用where。故填where。 9．解析　pursuit　考查词性转换。句意为：这只是古代艺术作品的一个例子，它不仅显示了我们祖先的智慧，也证明了几个世纪以来中国工匠对美的追求。由空前的the和空后的of可知，设空处应用名词，表示“追求”。故填pursuit。 10．解析　to　考查介词。句意为：文字的发明孕育了伟大的思想，但印刷术的发明使知识成为全人类共享的成果。固定短语give life to意为“赋予……生命”。故填to。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$