UNIT 9 HUMAN BIOLOGY 课文助读-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册（北师大版2024）

"Because that creature is made of steel(28)."I <32)polished adj. 擦 “因为这个生物是 亮的,磨光的;精湛 moved myself quickly to the top of the being(2) 钢铁做的。”我迅速地爬 的;精致的 and kicked it. It was evidently3o) a hard, solidaì) 到了它的上面,踢了一 (33>be made of 由...... body, The black back that supported me was 脚。显然,这是一个坚 组成 硬、结实的物体。在我 smooth, polished'③2', nothing like an animal. The <34>construction n. 建 脚下黑色的背脊精光溜 blow produced a sound of metal; and, incredible 筑物:建造物;建造 滑,一点也不像动物。 though it may be, it seemed as if it was made 建筑 撞击时,这东西发出金 of'3" metal plates. This monster was a human (35)daybreak n. 黎 属的声音;虽然听起来 construction34). We were lying upon the back of 明,破晓 不可思议,但它似乎就 像用铁板做成的。这个 (36)uttervt.(尤指吃 a sort of underwater boat. I searched all over the 力地)发出(声音) 怪物是人造的。我们正 outside for an opening, a hole, but found nothing. At 躺在一只潜水船的背 (37>noiselessly adu. 无 last this long night passed. Daybreak3s) appeared. 上。我四处查找,试图 声地,静静地 Suddenly a noise came from inside the boat. One 找到开口、气孔,但什么 iron plate was moved, a man appeared, uttered3an 也没有。终于,漫漫长 odd cry, and disappeared immediately. Some 夜过去了,天亮了。突 moments after, eight strong men, their faces 然船内传来一阵响声, covered, appeared noiselessly37), and drew us 一块钢板被掀了起来,出 来一个人。这人怪叫一 down into their incredible machine. 声,立刻又消失不见了。 此处though引导让步状语从句,形容词提前, 过了一会儿,八个壮汉蒙 使用倒装结构。 着脸,一声不响地出现 此处their facescovered为独立主格结构作状 了,把我们拖进了他们那 语,表示伴随。 不可思议的机器里。 UNIT9 HUMANBIOLOGY Lesson1 难词注解 教材原文 课文翻译 To Clone'"' or Not to Clone? <1>clonevz.克隆,使 克隆还是不克隆? Cloning is the process of making an exact 无性繁殖n.克隆动 克隆是通过自然或 物或植物,无性繁殖 copy of a plant or animal and developing it either 人为的方式,对植物或 的个体 naturally or artificially{②. Natural cloning has 动物进行精确复制、培 (2>artificially adu. 人 育的过程。自然克隆由 been going on for generations. For example. 为地,虚假地 来已久。例如,园丁们 gardeners have been using a form of cloning when (3>identicaladi.完全 从植物上截取一段,放 they take a cutting from a plant and place it in a 在合适的培养基中(例 相同的,非常相似的 suitable medium, such as soil. Another example <4>twinn.双胞胎中 如土壤),就是一种克 of natural cloning is identical" twins, who are 的一个 隆。自然克隆的另一个 produced from the same egg. (5>Dolly(克隆羊)多莉 例子是同卵双胞胎,它 For years, there had been attempts to clone 们是由同一个卵子受精 多莉1996年7月5 animals artificially. The first successfully cloned 产生的。 .10. animal was ①a sheep named Dolly' in 1996. At 日诞生于英国爱丁堡 多年来,人们一直 first, Dolly grew normally, but later she 市罗斯林研究所,是 在尝试人工克隆动物 一只通过现代工程创 developed an illness that is more normally found 第一只成功克隆的动物 造出来的雌性绵羊 是1996年的克隆羊多 in much older animals. She lived for six and a half 也是世界上第一个成 莉。起初,多莉发育正 years, only half the life of ② the sheep from 常,但后来患上了一种 功克隆的哺动物。 which she was cloned. After Dolly, scientists 疾病,这种疾病更常见 (6)mammal n. 哺 have cloned more than 20 mammal' species. 于衰老的动物。多莉活 动物 including camels”', cattle{*}, deer, dogs,goats" 了六年半,寿命只有母 <7>cameln.骆驼 and mice. However, they have found a similar 体绵羊的一半。继多莉 <8>cattlen.牛 pattern of health problems with these other 之后,科学家已经克隆 (9)goat n.山羊 了20多种哺孔动物,包 species as well. This has led to questions such as <10>forever adv. 永 括骆驼、牛、鹿、狗、山羊 “Will this be a major issue for all cloned animals?" 远;长久地 和老鼠。然而,在这些 “Will it continue to happen forever(o?”. (11>Zhong Zhong and 物种的克降动物身上科 ①此处过去分词短语namedDolly作后置定语, 学家们也发现了与多莉 HuaHua(世界首对 修饰名词asheep。 羊相似的健康问题。由 体细胞克隆猴)中中 ②本句含有“介词十which”引导的定语从句,修饰 此引发了一些疑问,例 和华华 先行词the sheep。 如:“这会是所有克隆动物 首只克隆猴“中中”于 的主要问题吗?”“这个问 2017年11月27日在 In January 2o18, the cloning of two long 题会永远持续下去吗?” 位于上海的中国科学 tailed monkeys, Zhong Zhong and Hua Hual) 2018年1月,中国 was announced by Chinese scientists. They were 院神经科学研究所、 科学家宣布成功克隆两 the first-ever primates'2'(the order of mammals 脑科学与智能技术卓 只长尾猴,中中和华华 which include apes'!"', monkeys, and humans) to 越创新中心的非人灵 它们是有史以来首次被 长类平台诞生;2017年 have been cloned! In comparison(4' with other 克隆的灵长类动物(哺 孔动物的一个类别,包 12月5日,第二只克 species, cloning primates has proved to be"much 括猿、猴子和人类)!与 隆猴“华华”诞生。 harder", and doing so with non-reproductive(15) 其他的物种相比,克隆 <12>primaten.灵长 cells was even more complicated. Dr. Sun Qiang 灵长类动物要“困难得 目动物 director of the research team, said they had been 多”,而使用非生殖细胞 <13>apen.猿 wholly(s)devoted to(17) the research and had been 克隆则更为复杂。研究 <14)comparisonn. 比较 taking care of more than 1,oo0 monkeys 24 hours 小组的负责人孙强博士 in comparison with 说,他们全身心地投入 a day, 7 days a week for more than 5 years. There 与....相比 研究中,5年多来每周7 had been a number of failures before they eventually (15)reproductive adj.繁 天,每天24小时照看 found a way to successfully clone a monkey. ③ The 殖的,生殖的 1000多只猴子。历经多 reason they worked so hard to break this technical <16>whollyadv. 完 次失败,最终找到成功 barrier(1s) was to get animals with edited genes 全地 克隆猴子的方法。他们 and produce animal models that are helpful for 之所以如此努力地要突 <17>devote to投入 medical research and human health. 破这一技术壁垒,是为 (18>barriern. 障碍, 了获得经过基因编辑的 壁垒 ③本句中theyworkedsohard...为省略关系副词 动物,研制动物模型,为 why的定语从句,修饰先行词reason;that引导定 医学研究和人类健康发 语从句,修饰先行词models。 展做贡献。 ·11· (19)cluen.线索,提示 The successful cloning of primates has led to 灵长类动物的成功 (20>accurate adj. 准 worldwide praise as a huge breakthrough that 克隆获得了全世界的赞 确的,正确的 might lead to cures for various diseases and may 誉,被认为是一项巨大 <21>treatment n. 诊 also offer clues(") on ④how to prevent the aging 的突破,从而为治愈多 疗,治疗,疗法;对待 种疾病、延缓衰老提供 方式 process. With this technology, we have the potential 线索。有了这项技术, <22>provoke vt.激起 to raise a large number of monkeys with identical 我们就有可能在短时间 引起 genes in a short amount of time, and we can even 内培育大量基因相同的 (23>emotionn. 强烈 change their genes to suit research needs. This 猴子,甚至可以改变它 的情感,激情 could help save research time, reduce the number of 们的基因,以适应研究 (24)crucial adj.至关 animals required for testing, produce more accurate(2o) 需要。这有助于节省研 重要的,关键性的 究时间,减少实验所需动 <25>boundadj.很有 results, and lead to more effective treatments{21) 物的数量,使实验结果更 可能,肯定会 ④本句中含有“疑问词十todosth”结构,在句中 准确、治疗方法更有效。 be boundto一定会 作宾语。 但是,克隆仍是一 (26)ethical adj.关于 Cloning, however, continues to be an issue 个会引起很多争议、激 伦理的;合乎道德的 that causes a great deal of disagreement and 起强烈反对情绪的问 (27>mereadj.仅仅, provokes{②2) strong emotions(?3). While some people 题。尽管有些人认为这 只不过;极小的,极不 对于科学的进步至关重 believe it is crucial-" for scientific advancement, 重要的 要,但也有人提出了道 <28>inferior adj. 低 others raise moral concerns. They believe it is 德方面的担忧。他们认 级别的,下级的;差 bound'*s" to lead to cloning of other species, and they 为这项技术必将导致其 的,次的 worry about the ethical26' questions this raises. 他物种的克隆,担心由 (29>abuse vt.滥用. For example, they wonder if clones should be 此会引发伦理问题,比 妄用;虐待n.滥用 treated as objects or as individuals with their own 如,他们提出克隆体是 虐待 identity. Furthermore, clones may be viewed as 被当作物体还是具有独 <30)blessingn.福气. mere2 copies of originals thus being seen as inferior28). 特个性的个体。而且, 幸运 克降体可能会被看作母 <31)cursen.祸因,祸 Finally, they worry that some organisations may 体的副本,因此被认为更 根;诅咒,咒语 abuse{-") the technology for unethical purposes. 低等。最后,他们担心某 So far, it is still unknown what will happen 些组织可能会出于不道德 to Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua as they grow up. 的目的滥用该技术 Researchers insist that the science of cloning 到目前为止,我们 仍不清楚中中和华华长 should be further explored and advanced. As 大后会发生什么。研究 Einstein said,“Science is a powerful instrument. 人员认为,克隆科学应 How it is used, whether it is a blessing30) or a 进一步得到探索与发 curse3l) to mankind, depends on mankind and not 展。正如爱因斯坦所 on the instrument. A knife is useful, but it can 言:“科学是一种强有力 also kill" 的工具。怎样使用它, 本句中what引导主语从句;as引导时间状语 究竞是给人类带来幸福 还是带来灾难,完全取 从句,意为“当......的时候” 决于人类自己,而不取 本句whether... or...意为“不管.....还是......”. 决于工具。刀子是有用 引导让步状语从句。 的,但刀子也能杀人。” ·12· Lesson 3 难词注解 教材原文 课文翻译 <1>epidemicn. 传染 Epidemics "Explained 流行病探因 An epidemic is ① the name given to an 病,流行病 流行病是指在短时 infectious disease that rapidly spreads to a large (2>factorn.因素,要素 间内(通常两周或更短) number of people within a short period of time- (3>virusn.病毒 迅速在大量人群中传播 usually two weeks or less. Epidemics have been <4>bacterian.细菌 的传染性疾病。自地球 happening for as long as there have been people (5>officially adv. 官 上有人类生活以来,流 living on Earth. They can be caused by several 方地,正式地 different factors{②, ②such as a virus③being carried 行病就一直存在。它们 <6)classify vt.将...... into an area, or changes in the way people live 可能由不同因素引起 分类;把......归入 like more people living in an area, which increases the 例如病毒被带入某个地 一类 chances of them coming into contact with a virus 区,或者由于人们生活 or bacteria(4). <7>rareadj.稀有的. 方式的改变,比如说某 ①本句中given to an infectious disease为过去分 罕见的,不常发生的 一地区居住的人群增 词短语作后置定语,修饰名词name;that引导定 <8>baselinen.(医学 多,从而增加了接触病 语从句,修饰先行词disease。 或科学中的)基线, 毒或细菌的概率。 ②本句中beingcarried..是分词短语作后置定 准线 只有致死病例达到 语,修饰名词avirus。 (9> opposed adj. 与 一定数量,某种疾病才 Each disease can only officiallys) be classified 某事物相反;反对某 会被正式定性为流行 as an epidemic once a certain number of deaths 事物,不赞成某事物 病。每种疾病的死亡数 have occurred from the disease. The number of deaths is different for every disease. So a very <10)widespread adj. 量各不相同。罕见疾病 rare**disease will have a low baseline*"and just 的基线很低,即使某一 分布广的,广泛流 a few cases of it in one place will be classified as 传的 地区只出现少数病例 an epidemic; as opposed” to more common diseases. <11)classification n. 归 也会被认定为流行病; such as the flu, that have a higher baseline. ③The 类,分类,分级 与此相反,常见疾病的 common cold is a widespread(1o) virus that affects 基线较高,如流感。普 (12)paralleln.(不同 millions of people, but it is not seen as being a 通感冒由一种广泛传播 地点或不同时间的两 serious enough condition to deserve the classification{1) 的病毒引起,可感染数 事物之间的)联系,相 of an epidemic. 百万人,但它并没严重 似adj.平行的 ③本句整体为but连接的表示转折关系的并列 到可以被称为流行病。 (13)depressing adj. 令 句,其中第一个分句中含有that引导的定语从 最近有新闻报道, 人沮丧的,让人忧愁的 句,修饰先行词virus。 ④With recent press reports drawing parallels(12) 吉姆·史密斯将禽流感 between bird flu and killer epidemics of the past, 和过去致命的流行病做 Jim Smith looks at the sometimes depressing(13) 对比,在屡屡令人感到 .13· (14>samplen.样本, history of epidemics for clues about how we can 沮丧的流行病史中寻找 样品v.品尝,尝试; create a more positive future without epidemics. 线索,从而创造一个远 ④本句中含有“with十宾语十现在分词”的复合结构。 离流行病的美好未来。 对......做抽样调查 禽流感自1997年首 (15)CE公元(用于日 Since bird flu first appeared in 1997, it has 次出现以来,已经夺去 期后) taken more than a hundred lives. Many people 了一百多人的生命。科 <16)estimate vt. 估 fear it could be the next global epidemic, especially 学家们仔细研究了1918 as scientists who have gone into detail studying 计,估算 年西班牙流感死亡者尸 tissue samples1' from the bodies of people who 体的组织样本,证明禽 (17)visible adi.看得 died of the 1918 Spanish Flu have proved that 流感是该病毒的现代变 见的 异版本,许多人担心它 bird flu is a modern adaptation of that virus. (18) symptom n. 症 可能会引起下一场全球 本句中as引导时间状语从句,意为“当......的 状;征兆,症候 流行病。 时候”;who引导定语从句,第一个who修饰先行 人类有记载的最早 (19)buryvt. 理葬. 词scientists,第二个who修饰people;第一个that 的流行病,大约发生在 安葬;埋藏 引导宾语从句。 公元500年至550年之 One of the earliest epidemics on record 间。现今科学家估计, 发病区域多达50%的人 happened between about 50o and 55o CE(1s). 口死于这一流行病,成 Scientists now estimate 1 that up to 50%of 为罗马帝国衰落的一个 the area's population died from the epidemic. 主要原因。接着,14世 making it one of the main causes of the fall of the 纪30年代,这一流行病 Roman Empire. Then, in the 133os, this epidemic 又卷土重来,这次发生 returned, this time in Asia. It spread rapidly to 在亚洲,并迅速传播到欧 洲。由于患者身上会出 Europe and became known as "The Black Death" 现明显的黑斑症状,这种 because one visible') symptom(1s) was black spots 流行病被称为“黑死病”。 on the body. 几个世纪后,第一 本句中that引导宾语从句;makingit...为现在 次世界大战快结束时爆 分词短语作状语,表示结果。 发了1918年大流感,又 Centuries later, the Great Flu Epidemic of 称西班牙流感。刚刚熬 过战争的人们现在不得 1918, also called the Spanish Flu, struck near 不埋葬他们死于疾病的 the end of World War I. Families who had only 亲人。战争引发的人口 just got through the war now had to bury(" their 流动前所未有,从而导 loved ones who had died of the disease. As a 致这一流行病蔓延到全 result of the war, more people were travelling 世界。西班牙流感在18 and moving perhaps than ever before in history 个月内造成5000万人 死亡,成为历史上最严 and this caused the epidemic to spread worldwide. 重的流行病。死于该病 Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 的人比死于战争的人还 months, the Spanish Flu is believed to have been 要多。最初,人们以为 .14· <20)posevt.造成,引 the most severe epidemic in history. More people 这种大规模流行病不会 died of the flu than died in the war. Initially, 起,产生(问题、危险、 再对人类构成威胁,直 困难等) many people believed that such epidemics no 至非典出现,再次让全 longer posed20) a threat until very recently when 球陷入担忧。 n.(为画像、拍照等而 非典疫情始于2002 摆的)姿势,姿态 SARS became a cause for concern. 年广东省的一例肺部疾 <21>lungn.肺 此处含有that引导的宾语从句;when引导时 病,后蔓延到加拿大、越 间状语从句,意为“当......的时候”。 (22>steadily adv. 稳 南和新加坡,并一直持 The SARS epidemic began in 2oo2 with a 定地 续到2003年。科学家对 case of lung2) disease in Guangdong Province. It 这种新型疾病感到困 <23)outbreakn.(战 spread to Canada, Vietnam and Singapore and 惑,对SARS病毒进行 争或疾病)爆发,突然 检测,以期了解该病与 lasted until 2oo3. SARS was examined by scientists 发生 致病原因的更多信息。 who were confused by this new disease and <24>trialn.试验;审 非典的感染率不断上 wanted to learn more about it and its causes. 判,审理 升,在爆发期九个月内 Infection rates went up steadily②), and in the 感染了约8000人,非典 <25>actualadj.实际 course of the outbreak23), about 8, oo0 people 疫情结束后,科学家们一 的,真实的 were infected over nine months, Since the end of 直在试验各种治疗手段 <26>underline vt. 强 the SARS epidemic, scientists have been doing 以防止未来疫情再爆发。 调,使突出;在......之 随后,2013年到2016 trials{ on treatments to prevent any future outbreaks 下画线 年间,西非爆发了大规模 Then, from 2013 to 2016, there was the 传染病--埃博拉出血 (27)thorough adj. 彻 most widespread outbreak of the Ebola Virus 热(EVD),夺去了这一 底的,全面的,详尽的 Disease (EVD) in West Africa, which resulted in 地区多个国家的很多人 <28>systematic adj.系 a major loss of life in a number of west African 的生命。官方统计的死 统化的,有条理的 countries. 11,31o deaths were officially recorded 亡人数为11310人,而 实际死亡人数可能要更 (29>globen. 地球, but the actual25) number of deaths is probably 高。该病毒传染性极 世界;地球仪 much higher. The virus was extremely infectious 强,一些地区的存活率 and the survival rate was as low as 3o% in some 低至30%,也就是说很 areas, indicating that very few people got over it. 少有人能康复。 Despite, or perhaps because of, the epidemics 尽管(或者是因为) the world has faced in recent years, governments 近年来全球爆发了流行 worldwide have underlined-s)⑧the fact that they 病,世界各国政府都已 want thorough27 and systematic'28) medical research on 经强调,要对流行病进 行彻底和系统的医学研 epidemics to get at the causes and come up with 究,以便尽快找出原因 cures as soon as possible. Countries will need to 并找到治疗方法。这需 work together to do this because teamwork 要各个国家的共同努力 among nations across the globe") can save lives. 因为全球各国之间的团 ⑧本句中that引导同位语从句。 队合作才能拯救生命。 .15·