Unit 1 Science Fiction Review Useful Structures 被动语态课件-2024-2025学年高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册

被动语态 the passive voice learning objectives: 1. learn the form and the function of the passive voice 2. apply the passive voice into the erexcises 3. improve the ability of doing exercises. 目录 Contents lead in 01 The monster caught our master. 妖怪抓走了我们的师傅。 Our master was caught by the monster.我们的师父被妖怪抓走了。 What kind of voices they are? Active voice(主动语态) or Passive voice（被动语态）? The monkey beats BaJie. 悟空打了八戒。 BaJie is beaten by the monkey. 八戒被悟空打了。 被动语态的概念 一、什么是语态？ 语态是英语动词的一种表现形式，用来说明___________和___________之间的关系。 二、语态的种类：______________和_________________ 三、被动语态的形式：____________________________ You hit me. I was hit/beaten. 主语 谓语动词 主动语态 被动语态 be done(动词的过去分词) 用法 1）不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者 e.g. This old bridge was built in 1980. This watch is made in China. 2）强调动作的承受者，不强调动作的执行者，如果要指出动作的执行者，则由介词by引出 e.g.The thief was caught (by police). 3）动作的发出者为物 e.g. Many houses were washed away by the flood。 4）文章标题，广告新闻中 e.g. Women wanted. Tom broke the glass yestersay. The glass was broken by Tom yesterday. 主动语态变被动语态 三变：宾变主，主变宾，谓语动词变被动 一不变：其他均不变 主语 谓语动词 宾语 主语 谓语动词 宾语 一找二换三变四加 Doudou is always beaten by someone. Doudou was beaten again yesterday. Doudou will be beaten tomorrow. Doudou has been beaten three times. Doudou had been beaten before he left classroom. Doudou is being beaten now. Doudou was being beaten at this time yesterday. He said that Doudou would be beaten next week. Doudou may be beaten anytime . 不同时态的被动语态 时态、人称和和数的变化是由be动词的变化来表现的 被动语态基本结构：be+done(动词的过去分词) 时 态 主动语态 被动语态 1 一般现在时 do/does am/is/are am/is/are+done 2 一般过去时 did/ was/were was/were+done 3 一般将来时 will+V原 will+be+done 4 过去将来时 would+V原 would+be+done 5 现在进行时 am/is/are+doing am/is/are+being+done 6 过去进行时 was/were+doing was/were being done 7 现在完成时　 have/has+done have/has been done 8 过去完成时 had+done had+been+done 9 含情态动词 情态动词+V原 情态动词+be+done 不同时态下的被动语态 1.They make shoes in that factory. Shoes are made (by them) in that factory. 2. They bought ten computers last term． Ten computers were bought (by them) last term. 一般现在时：am/is /are +过去分词 一般过去时：was/were +过去分词 3.Tom will clean the room tomorrow. The room will be cleaned by Tom tomorrow. 一般将来时：will be done 现在进行时：am/is/are + being +过去分词 4.Some workers are painting the rooms now． The rooms are being painted by some workers now. 6．We have made twenty more keys． Twenty more keys have been made by us. 现在完成时：have/has + been+过去分词 过去进行时：was/were+being+过去分词 5．I was doing my homework at 8:00 last night． My homework was being done (by me) at 8:00 last night. 7．Amy can take good care of Gina ． Gina can be taken good care of by Amy. 情态动词：can/may/must/should + be+done 02 主动语态变被动语态特殊变化 1. △主语+谓语+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语） 1）间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变 2）直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用to或for引导 His mother gave him a gift for his birthday. He was given a gift by his mother for his birthday. A gift was given to him by his mother for his birthday. We are to put off the sports meeting. The sports meeting is to be put off. The nurse will take good care of the baby. The baby will be taken good care of by the nurse. 2. △动词+介词/副词短语 用于被动语态，看做整体，不可以拆开，介词/副词不可省略 Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. They painted the door green. The door was painted green. 3. △主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 宾语变为主语，其余不动。 4. 使役动词/感官动词+宾语+宾语补足语 规则：主动语态to 走开  被动语态to 还原 一感 feel 二听 listen to,hear 三使   make, let, have 四看   look, see, watch, notice 半帮助 help sb (to) do sth He often makes his sister cry. His sister is often made to cry by him. I heard the girl sing yesterday. The girl was heard to sing by me yesterday. We often see them play football. They are often seen to play football by us. Note: 当使用see/hear/watch sb doing sth时, 变为被动语态时，doing不变。 I saw him going into the shop.(主动) He was seen going into the shop.(被动) 主动语态 被动语态 使役动词 make sb do sth be made to do sth have sb do sth be had to do sth let sb do sth be let to do sth 感官动词 see sb do sth be seen to do sth watch sb do sth be watched to do sth hear sb do sth be heard to do sth notice sb do sth be noticed to do sth go 5. 主动形式表示被动意义的几种情况： (1)连系动词(如look，sound，smell，feel，taste，seem，appear，prove等)后接表语时，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。 The idea sounds great. 这个主意听起来棒极了。 The popcorn they made looked wonderful and tasted delicious. 他们做的爆米花看起来棒极了，吃起来也很美味。 (2)当wash，write，sell，open，close，shut，lock，cook等不及物动词后加副词(easily，well等)时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。 This kind of cloth washes easily and lasts long. 这种布料很容易洗，并且耐穿。 The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly. 父亲给我作为生日礼物的钢笔写起来很流畅。 (3)need，want，require，deserve等＋doing用主动形式表示被动意义。 His hair needs cutting. →His hair needs to be cut. 他的头发需要剪了。 (4)be worth doing=be worthy to be done主动形式表示被动意义。 The novel is worth reading again. →The novel is worthy to be read again. 这部小说值得再读一次。 五、动词不定式的被动语态 1.I am very happy to be thus praised. 受到如此褒奖我非常高兴。 The magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the library. 这些杂志不允许带出图书馆。 The room seems to have been broken into. 似乎有人闯进过这个房间。 I am proud to have been admitted to Peking University. 我很自豪已被北京大学录取。 重点难点 03 五、动词不定式的被动语态 1.I am very happy to be thus praised. 受到如此褒奖我非常高兴。 The magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the library. 这些杂志不允许带出图书馆。 The room seems to have been broken into. 似乎有人闯进过这个房间。 I am proud to have been admitted to Peking University. 我很自豪已被北京大学录取。 总 结 <<< 动词不定式的被动语态由“to＋be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成，当动词不定式所表示的动作与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系时，要用动词不定式的被动式。动词不定式的被动式只有一般式(to be done)和完成式(to have been done)。 2.动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义的情况 (1)sb have sth to do/There be sth to do 句型中 Before the end of the meeting，I have something important to declare. 会议结束之前，我有很重要的事情要宣布。 There is so much homework to do every day，which almost drives me mad. 每天有那么多家庭作业要做，这几乎让我发疯。 (2)动词不定式跟在性质形容词(difficult，hard，easy，comfortable，good等)后，与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系时(构成sb/sth be＋adj.＋to do) Our headmaster looks hard to get close to，but in fact he is easy to get along with. 我们校长看起来很难接近，但实际上他很容易相处。 (3)“疑问词＋to do”结构 With so many books at hand，Tom had no idea which to read first. 手上有那么多的书，汤姆不知道先读哪一本。 六、被动语态和过去分词作表语 1.意义差别 The window is broken. 窗子破了。 The window is broken by him. 窗子被他打破了。 被动语态强调动作；过去分词作表语描写人或事物的特征及状态。 2.用法差别 He was very interested in science.(系表结构) 他对科学非常有兴趣。 I was so much surprised by the scene that I didn’t know what to do.(被动语态) 我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊，不知所措。 过去分词作表语时接近形容词的特征，可以被 so，very，too等程度副词修饰；而被动语态不能用so，very，too修饰，需用much，very much，so much，too much修饰。 扩展：常用it做形式主语的被动句型 It is+动词的过去分词+that从句，意思为“据…/人们…” It is said that …据说 It is reported that…据报道 It is thought that…人们认为 It is well known that …众所周知… … It is supposed that …据推测说… … 您的内容打在这里，或者通过复制您的文本后，在此框中粘贴，并只保留文字。 您的内容打在这里，或者通过复制您的文本后，在此框中选择粘贴。 01 您的内容打在这里，或者通过复制您的文本后，在此框中选择粘贴。 02 您的内容打在这里，或者通过复制您的文本后，在此框中选择粘贴。 03 重点难点 通过复制您的文本后，在此框中选择粘贴，并选择只保留文字。 标题内容 通过复制您的文本后，在此框中选择粘贴，并选择只保留文字。 标题内容 通过复制您的文本后，在此框中选择粘贴，并选择只保留文字。 标题内容 通过复制您的文本后，在此框中选择粘贴，并选择只保留文字。 标题内容 重点难点 当堂练习 04 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.It (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang Dynasty and has now been completely restored. 2.The water (feel) cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise. 3.The median(中间值的) age of an American in 1950 was 30—today it is 41 and (expect) to increase to 42 by 2050. 4.They are living with their parents because their own house ___________ (decorate). was built 达标检测 felt is expected is being decorated 5.Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations ___________________ (employ) only since the mid-1980s，and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area. 6.Anyone who has helped to save the drowning girl is worth (praise). 7.Jones got the idea after he had talked with a saleswoman who ________ (cheat) of her money. have been employed praising had been cheated 8.Food supplies in the flood-stricken area (run) out.We must take action immediately. 9.After he took over the company，he decided to have more workers for the project so that it won’t (delay). 10.In her speech，the chairwoman stresses that no problem here is difficult (work) out，if we think carefully enough. are running be delayed to work Ⅱ.完成下列语段，尽可能多地使用被动语态 The Wandering Earth is a science fiction novel which 1.____________ (刘慈欣所写).It 2. (被认为是) one of the best science fiction stories.After the novel 3. (被出版)，it drew wide attention.The story of the novel 4. (基于科学)，imagination and personal experience.The novel 5.____________________ (已被翻译成许多种语言) so far.Now it 6._____________ (正被全世界的人们阅读) and it 7.___________ (将被未来的几代人珍惜). is written by Liu Cixin is considered as was published is based on science has been translated into many languages is being read by people all over the world will be treasured by future generations 谢谢您的观看 $$