专题06 长难句01：方法突破-2025年高考英语阅读理解秒杀技巧及真题演练

专题06 阅读理解 长难句方法 1. 方法讲解 英语句子是由“主干部分+三长两短一并列”组成的。我们可把这个“三长两短一并列”称为构成英语句子的“组件”。想要快速读懂一个句子，就要快速识别并准确译出每一个组件，再按照一定的逻辑将一个个组件连接起来。这就是“组件分析三步法”。 Step 1: 做标记 一般主语为名词，后面肯定会有定语从句，介词短语，非谓语等做后置定语，这时要把后置定语括起来，翻译为“..的”。一般句子中隐藏的从句很多，此时应注意只要有主谓就可构成从句，就可括起来。 做标记时应按照上文中的方法，给“三长”加括号（或画横线），给并列词加方框，给并列项划下划线。 【例句】 Li is a teacher teaching English in Beijing which is the capital of China. Li is a teacher (teaching English) (in Beijing) (which is the capital) (of China). Step 2: 做直译 Li is a teacher (teaching English) (in Beijing) (which is the capital) (of China). 翻译时可先处理为：李是个老师。教什么的?教英语。在哪儿教?在北京。哪个北京?是那个首都。谁的首都?中国的首都。这样整个句子的意思就一目了然了。 Step 3: 调语序 上面的英语句子可以翻译成：“李是个在中国的首都北京教英语的老师。”或者“李是个老师，在中国的首都北京教英语。” 由于所举例子比较简单，所以上文中的Step2看起来或许有些多此一举。其实不然。现在我们来用一些高考题中出现过的长难句来试验上述方法，你会发现理解长难句竟变得如此轻而易举! 2. 高考真句演练 高考真句1 The Department of Agriculture has programs aimed at developing more farmers and at in creasing interest in locally grown food. Step1: 做标记 The Department (of Agriculture) has programs (aimed) (at developing more farmers) and (at increasing interest) (in locally grown food). 实际操作过程如下： 括号1：看到of，说明是介词短语，该介词短语到名词Agriculture结束。 括号2：由于has是谓语动词形式，所以可判定句中第二个出现的动词aimed应为非谓语动词;由于该词后面紧接着出现了介词at，按照“一旦出现下一修饰成分，就果断将上一修饰成分结束掉”的原则，我们将aimed用括号单独括起来。 括号3：看到at，说明是介词短语，该介词短语到名词farmers结束。 方框1：and是并列词，该并列词的后面紧接着是由at引导的介词短语，为右并列项，因此左并列项应该同为at引导的介词短语at developing more framers。 括号4：看到in，说明是介词短语，该介词短语到名词food结束。 标记结束后，主干已经非常清晰了，即The Department has programs。 Step2: 做直译 要理解这句话的意思，光知道主干还不够，其他部分代表了关键的细节信息，需要对句子大致进行翻译。根据“组件分析三步法”中所讲解的，要按照句子语序，对被标记后句子的每一小节挨个进行翻译，翻译时利用每小节的头一个单词进行提问和回答。The Department：这个部门;of Agriculture：什么的部门?农业的部门;has programs：有什么?有计划;aimed：针对什么的计划?针对……;at developing more farmers：针对发展更多的农民;and：以及什么?at increasing interest：针对提高利润;in locally grown food：哪方面的利润?本土出产的食物的利润。根据提问和回答后，我们大概理解了这句话的意思：农业部有针对发展更多农民和提高本土出产食物的利润的计划。 　 Step3: 调语序 　 将句子语序调整后，得到更地道的译文：农业部已经制定了相关计划，以培养更多农民和提高本土出产的食物的利润。 　　 高考真句2 If you started to dry clothes in the morning and forgot to take them out, you can go to your phone and restart your dryer for the time when come home, so your clothes are refreshed and ready to go. Step1:做标记 (If you started) (to dry clothes) (in the morning) and forgot (to take them out), you can go (to your phone) and restart your dryer (for the time) (when come home), (so your clothes are refreshed and ready) (to go). 具体标记过程如下： 括号1：If引导了条件状语从句，从if开始做标记。 括号2：to dry clothes是非谓语中的不定式，故在to之前结束上一修饰成分。 括号3：in引导介词短语，故结束上一修饰成分。该介词短语标记到名词morning结束。 方框1：and为并列连词，紧跟其后的forgot是其右并列项，向前寻找结构相似的左并列项，发现是started。 括号4：看见to，发现to your phone为非谓语中的不定式，标记到名词phone结束。 方框2：and为并列连词。紧跟其后的restart是其右并列项，向前寻找结构相似的左并列项，发现是go。此处为谓语动词并列。 括号5：for the time为介词短语，标记到名词time结束。 括号6：when come home为定语从句，标记到逗号结束。 括号7：so引导结果状语从句。 括号8：to go为不定式。 Step2: 做直译 　　 参照被标记后的句子，按照句子语序一小节、一小节进行提问和回答。If you started：如果什么?如果你开始;to dry clothes：去做什么?烘干衣服;in the morning：在什么时候?在早上;and：而且什么?forgot：而且忘了;to take them out：忘了做什么?把它们拿出来;you can go：你可以去;to your phone：去做什么?去(使用)你的电话;and;并做什么?restart your dryer：并重启你的烘干机;for the time：为了什么?为了这个时间;when come home：当什么时候?当回家的时候;so your clothes are refreshed and ready 这样就怎么了?这样你的衣服就被重新烘干并且准备好了;to go：准备好去做什么?去走(即已经准备好“出炉”了)。 Step3: 调语序 　　 将译文调整之后为：如果你早上开始烘干衣服并忘了把它们拿出来，那么你可以用手机重新启动烘干机，这样在你回到家的时候，衣服已经重新烘干并可以取出来了。 3. 2024年高考长难句 2024新课标Ⅰ卷 阅读A Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys. 2024新课标Ⅰ卷 阅读B 1. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine – combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine. 2． After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. 3．Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. 2024新课标Ⅰ卷 阅读C 1． The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text. 2． According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. 2024新课标Ⅰ卷 阅读D 1． These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable? 2． Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns. 3． This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. 2024新课标Ⅰ卷七选五 1．It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. 2024新课标Ⅰ卷完形填空 Between the girl making my achievement seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only reason I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me! 2024新课标Ⅰ卷语法填空 The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route which brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 2024新课标Ⅱ卷 阅读A 1． The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity for the beginner, experienced or advanced walker to enjoy the challenges of Carlow’s mountain hikes or the peace of its woodland walks． 2024新课标Ⅱ卷 阅读B 1． “You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit — known as BART． 2． We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest． 2024新课标Ⅱ卷 阅读C Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions from transporting plants from soil to salad. 2024新课标Ⅱ卷 阅读D 1． She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI． 2． Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI - the technology companies and world leaders - so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it． 2024新课标Ⅱ卷 七选五 Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. 2024新课标Ⅱ卷 完形填空 1． As a foodie, the way to my heart is through my stomach, and nowhere fuels my appetite quite like Italy． 2． Whatever disadvantages life in Italy might have, the problems are forgotten once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family． 2024新课标Ⅱ卷 语法填空 Those stable cultural legacies have brought Stratford international visibility said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Shakespeare Birthplace garden were often intrigued to find the connection between those two literary giants. 2024全国甲卷 阅读A 1．We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and art-making activities． 2．Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of Natural History to learn how insects and other invertebrates dance, inspire fashion and create art, while making your own spineless artists out of craft materials． 2024全国甲卷 阅读B 1． That’s why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don’t usually like． 2． These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it’s been in their nature since the beginning of time． 2024全国甲卷 阅读C The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor's appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. 2024全国甲卷 阅读D 1． He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters, endings that satisfied the story even if they didn’t have a traditionally positive outcome． 2024全国甲卷 七选五 1． It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body that it has had enough food, so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full． 2． Studies suggest that eating only when you’re most active and giving your digestive system a long break each day may help to regulate weight． 2024全国甲卷 完型填空 I guess our different childhood background is what makes my grandmother such an amazing person to talk to: her stories always make my history textbooks come alive. 2024全国甲卷 语法填空 1． They were part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there． 2． Yellowstone was the largest United States national park - 2．2 million acres - until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, which became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12．3 million acres． / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题06 阅读理解 长难句方法 1. 方法讲解 英语句子是由“主干部分+三长两短一并列”组成的。我们可把这个“三长两短一并列”称为构成英语句子的“组件”。想要快速读懂一个句子，就要快速识别并准确译出每一个组件，再按照一定的逻辑将一个个组件连接起来。这就是“组件分析三步法”。 Step 1: 做标记 一般主语为名词，后面肯定会有定语从句，介词短语，非谓语等做后置定语，这时要把后置定语括起来，翻译为“..的”。一般句子中隐藏的从句很多，此时应注意只要有主谓就可构成从句，就可括起来。 做标记时应按照上文中的方法，给“三长”加括号（或画横线），给并列词加方框，给并列项划下划线。 【例句】 Li is a teacher teaching English in Beijing which is the capital of China. Li is a teacher (teaching English) (in Beijing) (which is the capital) (of China). Step 2: 做直译 Li is a teacher (teaching English) (in Beijing) (which is the capital) (of China). 翻译时可先处理为：李是个老师。教什么的?教英语。在哪儿教?在北京。哪个北京?是那个首都。谁的首都?中国的首都。这样整个句子的意思就一目了然了。 Step 3: 调语序 上面的英语句子可以翻译成：“李是个在中国的首都北京教英语的老师。”或者“李是个老师，在中国的首都北京教英语。” 由于所举例子比较简单，所以上文中的Step2看起来或许有些多此一举。其实不然。现在我们来用一些高考题中出现过的长难句来试验上述方法，你会发现理解长难句竟变得如此轻而易举! 2. 高考真句演练 高考真句1 The Department of Agriculture has programs aimed at developing more farmers and at in creasing interest in locally grown food. Step1: 做标记 The Department (of Agriculture) has programs (aimed) (at developing more farmers) and (at increasing interest) (in locally grown food). 实际操作过程如下： 括号1：看到of，说明是介词短语，该介词短语到名词Agriculture结束。 括号2：由于has是谓语动词形式，所以可判定句中第二个出现的动词aimed应为非谓语动词;由于该词后面紧接着出现了介词at，按照“一旦出现下一修饰成分，就果断将上一修饰成分结束掉”的原则，我们将aimed用括号单独括起来。 括号3：看到at，说明是介词短语，该介词短语到名词farmers结束。 方框1：and是并列词，该并列词的后面紧接着是由at引导的介词短语，为右并列项，因此左并列项应该同为at引导的介词短语at developing more framers。 括号4：看到in，说明是介词短语，该介词短语到名词food结束。 标记结束后，主干已经非常清晰了，即The Department has programs。 Step2: 做直译 要理解这句话的意思，光知道主干还不够，其他部分代表了关键的细节信息，需要对句子大致进行翻译。根据“组件分析三步法”中所讲解的，要按照句子语序，对被标记后句子的每一小节挨个进行翻译，翻译时利用每小节的头一个单词进行提问和回答。The Department：这个部门;of Agriculture：什么的部门?农业的部门;has programs：有什么?有计划;aimed：针对什么的计划?针对……;at developing more farmers：针对发展更多的农民;and：以及什么?at increasing interest：针对提高利润;in locally grown food：哪方面的利润?本土出产的食物的利润。根据提问和回答后，我们大概理解了这句话的意思：农业部有针对发展更多农民和提高本土出产食物的利润的计划。 　 Step3: 调语序 　 将句子语序调整后，得到更地道的译文：农业部已经制定了相关计划，以培养更多农民和提高本土出产的食物的利润。 　　 高考真句2 If you started to dry clothes in the morning and forgot to take them out, you can go to your phone and restart your dryer for the time when come home, so your clothes are refreshed and ready to go. Step1:做标记 (If you started) (to dry clothes) (in the morning) and forgot (to take them out), you can go (to your phone) and restart your dryer (for the time) (when come home), (so your clothes are refreshed and ready) (to go). 具体标记过程如下： 括号1：If引导了条件状语从句，从if开始做标记。 括号2：to dry clothes是非谓语中的不定式，故在to之前结束上一修饰成分。 括号3：in引导介词短语，故结束上一修饰成分。该介词短语标记到名词morning结束。 方框1：and为并列连词，紧跟其后的forgot是其右并列项，向前寻找结构相似的左并列项，发现是started。 括号4：看见to，发现to your phone为非谓语中的不定式，标记到名词phone结束。 方框2：and为并列连词。紧跟其后的restart是其右并列项，向前寻找结构相似的左并列项，发现是go。此处为谓语动词并列。 括号5：for the time为介词短语，标记到名词time结束。 括号6：when come home为定语从句，标记到逗号结束。 括号7：so引导结果状语从句。 括号8：to go为不定式。 Step2: 做直译 　　 参照被标记后的句子，按照句子语序一小节、一小节进行提问和回答。If you started：如果什么?如果你开始;to dry clothes：去做什么?烘干衣服;in the morning：在什么时候?在早上;and：而且什么?forgot：而且忘了;to take them out：忘了做什么?把它们拿出来;you can go：你可以去;to your phone：去做什么?去(使用)你的电话;and;并做什么?restart your dryer：并重启你的烘干机;for the time：为了什么?为了这个时间;when come home：当什么时候?当回家的时候;so your clothes are refreshed and ready 这样就怎么了?这样你的衣服就被重新烘干并且准备好了;to go：准备好去做什么?去走(即已经准备好“出炉”了)。 Step3: 调语序 　　 将译文调整之后为：如果你早上开始烘干衣服并忘了把它们拿出来，那么你可以用手机重新启动烘干机，这样在你回到家的时候，衣服已经重新烘干并可以取出来了。 3. 2024年高考长难句 2024新课标Ⅰ卷 阅读A Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys. 【翻译】栖息地恢复小组的志愿者在恢复敏感资源和保护山脊和山谷中的濒危物种方面发挥着至关重要的作用。 【分析解读】这是一个多成分简单句，利用主谓划分法⑥找到句子的谓语动词为play，以它为分界线，可知Habitat Restoration Team volunteers为主语部分，play a vital role短语结构做谓语部分，介词in和后面并列的两个动名词短语组成介宾结构， across the ridges and valleys也是一个介宾结构。 2024新课标Ⅰ卷 阅读B 1. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine – combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine. 【翻译】他是少数但越来越多的美国兽医之一，他们现在正在实践“整体”医学将传统的西方治疗与针灸、脊骨神经医学和草药相结合。 【分析解读】这是一个核心为主系表结构的简单句，利用主谓划分法⑥锁定3个动词is , practicing, combining中的谓语部分为系表结构， one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医)为做表语的名词短语结构，practicing “holistic” medicine非谓语动词短语作定语；破折号后短语起解释说明作用。 2． After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. 【翻译】汀达尔说，查理心脏病发作后，她准备让他入睡，但法伯的治疗大大减轻了她的狗的痛苦，她能够让它再活五个月。 【分析解读】这是一个并列主从复合句，本句可利用主从划分法⑦利用3个连词将句子分成几个部分，After Charlie had a heart attack是after引导的时间状语从句；主体部分是but连接的两个并列①②句，①句she was prepared to put him to sleep；②句Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering ...... ②句中又包含so…that…引导的结果状语从句。①②两个句子成分的进一步划分可以利用主谓划分法⑧进行 3．Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. 【翻译】法伯确信，随着时间的推移，美国整体兽医协会的会员人数会变得更受欢迎，如果过去有任何迹象的话，他可能是对的：自1982年以来，美国整体兽医协会的会员人数从30人增加到700多人。 【分析解读】这是一个并列复合句，and前是①句，是一个主系表结构的句子带出一个that引导的宾语从句，and之后句子是②句，其中包含if引导状语从句的主从复合句主句部分he may be right是主系表结构，冒号后起到解释说明的作用，是一个简单句，里面since 1982是介宾短语做状语，membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association这个主语部分里也包含着一个起到修饰限定作用的介宾短语结构。 2024新课标Ⅰ卷 阅读C 1． The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text. 【翻译】当实验人员从提出简单的任务，如找到阅读文章的主旨，转向需要抽象思维的任务，如从文本中推断出结论时，纸质阅读的好处尤为明显。 【分析解读】本句是一个复杂的主从复合句，本句利用主从划分法⑦和介宾名短整体看⑨句子结构更为清晰，主句是主谓结构，The benefits of print reading这个名词短语是主语，其中when 引导时间状语从句，从句谓语为move，like identifying the main idea in a reading passage 和such as drawing inferences from a text 两个介宾结构分别补充说明simple tasks和ones ，that 引导定语从句。 2． According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. 【翻译】根据这一理论，人们对待数字文本的态度与对待社交媒体的态度相当，社交媒体通常不那么严肃，相比纸质阅读，人们投入的脑力要少。 【分析解读】这是一个复合句，利用主从划分法⑦和口诀⑨进行分析，According to this theory和with a mindset 两个介宾短语结构，suited to social media 作后置定语修饰mindset，which 引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词social media，主句为主谓宾结构，由and 连接主句并列的谓语approach 和devote，when引导状语从句。 2024新课标Ⅰ卷 阅读D 1． These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable? 【翻译】现在，这些观察结果的数量超过了来自实物标本的原始数据，而由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：这些观察数据可靠吗? 【分析解读】本句是一个并列复合句，利用and将句子分成前后两个部分，前一个部分是一个主从复合句，主句These observations now outnumber the primary data后跟that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the primary data；后半部分中包含since 引导原因状语从句，其中又包含了由how 引导宾语从句作investigate 的宾语，主句部分I wanted to know: Are they usable，其中冒号后面解释想知道的问题，以一个一般疑问句形式出现，相当于替换了know带出来的宾语从句。 2． Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns. 【翻译】Daru 和他的团队使用了一个包含19亿条植物、昆虫、鸟类和动物记录的全球数据集，测试这些数据在多大程度上代表了实际的全球生物多样性模式。 【分析解读】这是一个复合句，可以利用逗号以及连词how 进行分析，Using a global dataset ... 为非谓语动词现在分词短语作状语，how 引导宾语从句作test 的宾语。 3． This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. 【翻译】这是有道理的，因为民间科学家经常通过移动设备获取生物多样性观察数据，他们记录的是在附近地区接触到的物种。 【分析解读】这是一个复合句，利用主从划分法⑦通过几个连词进行分析，This makes sense是主句主干，浅显易懂，because 引导原因状语从句，who 引导定语从句修饰先行词the people，recording ... nearby 为非谓语动词中的现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰citizen scientists。 2024新课标Ⅰ卷七选五 1．It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. 【翻译】它应该给你每个单词一个准确的定义，从而将其与其他含义相似但不相同的单词区分开来。 【分析解读】这是一个复杂的复合句，这个句子中的逗号以及whose是我们分析的主要突破口与，whose meanings are similar, but not identical是主系表结构的定语从句，修饰先行词words; thus differentiating it from other words是现在分词短语短语作结果状语。 2024新课标Ⅰ卷完形填空 Between the girl making my achievement seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only reason I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me! 【翻译】那个女孩让我觉得自己的成就微不足道，加上慢跑让我感觉无聊，我决定以后再也不跑步了，除非有一只大狗追着我跑！ 【分析解读】这是一个复杂的复合句，句子的主干为I decided that，that引导宾语从句，Between ...and ... 为介词短语作状语，其中making my achievement seem small为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰the girl；that 引导的宾语从句中，the reason 后面I’d ever run again也是一个定语从句修饰reason， 表示“……的原因/ 理由”。 2024新课标Ⅰ卷语法填空 The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route which brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 【翻译】这座温室是当代设计的巅峰之作，位于追溯丝绸之路的道路尽头，将中国西南的植物容纳其中，将这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英格兰，定义了英格兰园艺的丰富性。 【分析解读】这是一个复杂的复合句，主句部分的主干是The Glasshouse stands，as和in分别带出了两个介宾短语，to house...做状语，the plants of the southwestern part of China及much of the richness of gardening in England是名词短语结构， at the end of a path介宾短语，retracing非谓语动词做定语，which引导定语从句，从句中又包含了 from引出的介宾短语和to come 所做的状语 2024新课标Ⅱ卷 阅读A 1． The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity for the beginner, experienced or advanced walker to enjoy the challenges of Carlow’s mountain hikes or the peace of its woodland walks． 【分析】这是一个复杂简单句，核心是a great opportunity for sb to do sth.。 【翻译】卡洛秋季徒步节是初学者、有经验的或高级徒步者享受卡洛山脉徒步挑战或其林地步行宁静的绝佳机会。 2． Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate． 【分析】这是一个主从复合句，who are dressed inappropriately是定语从句，修饰先行词Those。 【翻译】凡是穿着不合适的人将被拒绝参加。 2024新课标Ⅱ卷 阅读B 1． “You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit — known as BART． 【翻译】旧金山湾区快速交通系统的首席通信官艾丽西亚·特罗斯特说：“你进入检票口，就会看到一个亮着灯的小亭子，它告诉你可以得到一个一分钟、三分钟或五分钟的故事。” 【分析】the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transitshi是主语Alicia Trost的同位语，— known as BART对the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transitshi起解释作用。直接引语部分that is lit up是定语从句，修饰先行词kiosk。 2． We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest． 【翻译】句意为：我们想要做一些事情，即向湾区的艺术家发起呼吁，让他们提交故事参加比赛。 【分析】本句为主从复合句，句子主干是：We wanted to do something；where 引导定语从句，修饰先行词something，说明其具体内容，即发起一个呼吁。不定式短语to submit stories for a contest 作目的状语，说明发起呼吁的目的，即让艺术家提交故事参加比赛。 2024新课标Ⅱ卷 阅读C Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions from transporting plants from soil to salad. 【翻译】此外，在同一栋楼内种植和食用意味着从土壤到沙拉的运输过程中没有排放。 【分析】此外，在同一楼内的这一系统（从 种植到食用）意味着蔬菜从土壤到沙拉过程中的零排放。having a system in the same building 为动名词短语作主语，where it’s eaten 引导定语从句，修饰先行词building，means 为句子谓语。 2024新课标Ⅱ卷 阅读D 1． She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI． 【翻译】她从商业人士（而非学者）的实用角度出发，使得这本指南通俗易懂、内容丰富，读完之后，你会觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明。 【分析】句子主干是：She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic；making for ... as AI 是非谓语短语作伴随状语，其中嵌入两个 which 引导的定语从句，都修饰先行词 guide。 2． Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI - the technology companies and world leaders - so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it． 【翻译】坎贝尔希望唤醒那些掌握着人工智能力量的人——科技公司和世界领导人——让他们与目前所有开发人工智能的专家达成共识。 【分析】- the technology companies and world leaders –作those的同位语，后面responsible for AI是形容词短语作定语，后边so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it是so引导的并列句表示结果，the same…as…是定语从句，表示“和……一样”，currently developing it作定语修饰名词experts。 2024新课标Ⅱ卷 七选五 Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. 【翻译】旅行促进了理解，拓展了我们的思维，让我们成为更好的人，促进了当地经济和社区的发展，但旅行的快速增长导致了某些地区和目的地的过度旅游。 【分析】这是一个but引导的并列句，逻辑上构成转折关系，前一分句由四个并列谓语。 2024新课标Ⅱ卷 完形填空 1． As a foodie, the way to my heart is through my stomach, and nowhere fuels my appetite quite like Italy． 【翻译】作为一个美食家，通往我内心的路是通过我的胃，没有什么地方能像意大利那样刺激我的食欲。 【分析】这是一个并列句，As a foodie是介词短语作状语；and连接两个并列的句子。 2． Whatever disadvantages life in Italy might have, the problems are forgotten once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family． 【翻译】无论在意大利的生活有什么不利之处，一旦你和朋友和家人坐下来吃大餐，这些问题就会被忘记。 【分析】这是一个复杂的主从复合句。Whatever disadvantages life in Italy might have引导让步状语从句，once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family引导条件状语从句。 2024新课标Ⅱ卷 语法填空 Those stable cultural legacies have brought Stratford international visibility said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Shakespeare Birthplace garden were often intrigued to find the connection between those two literary giants. 【翻译】Edmondson说，这些稳定的文化遗产为斯特拉特福德带来了国际知名度，并补充说，穿过莎士比亚出生地花园的游客往往很想找到这两位文学巨人之间的联系。 【分析】adding that visitors walking through the Shakespeare Birthplace garden were often intrigued to find the connection between those two literary giants部分是adding短语作伴随状语，其中walking through the Shakespeare Birthplace garden又是现在分词短语作定语。 2024全国甲卷 阅读A 1．We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and art-making activities． 【分析】主句为“We look forward to welcoming you",其中“as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and art-making activities"是方式状语从句，解释如何欢迎来访者。 【翻译】我们期待着通过表演、艺术展览和艺术制作活动展示哈佛艺术社区的创造力，并欢迎您的光临。 2．Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of Natural History to learn how insects and other invertebrates dance, inspire fashion and create art, while making your own spineless artists out of craft materials． 【分析】主句为“Join Javier Marin...", 其中"to learn how insects and other invertebrates dance, inspire fashion and create art"是不定式短语作目的状语，how insects and other Natural invertebrates dance, inspire fashion and create art引导宾语从句，“while making your own spineless artists out of craft materials"是现在分词短语作伴随状语 【翻译】加入来自哈佛自然历史博物馆的Javier Marin，学习昆虫和其他无脊椎动物如何跳舞、启发时尚和创造艺术，同时用手工材料制作你自己的无脊椎动物艺术品。 2024全国甲卷 阅读B 1． That’s why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don’t usually like． 【分析】句子主干是：That’s why most pet cats are able to tell immediately；why most pet cats are able to tell immediately为why引导的表语从句；if their owners were around any other cats为if引导的宾语从句作tell的宾语；which they don’t usually like为which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰说明它们的主人接触过其他猫的这种情况。 【翻译】这就是为什么大多数宠物猫能够立即判断它们的主人是否曾接触过其他猫，而它们通常不喜欢主人这样做。 2． These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it’s been in their nature since the beginning of time． 【分析】本句的主干是These adorable little hunters are just doing…；that it’s been in their nature since the beginning of time是that引导的限制性定语从句。 【翻译】句意：这些可爱的小猎手只是在做它们自古以来一直以来的本能行为。 2024全国甲卷 阅读C The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor's appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. 【分析】此处particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River作地点状语，including 是介词，此介词短语作定语，相当于一个定语从句，修饰 measures。 【翻译】政府一直在努力想出措施来解决这个问题，特别是在伏尔加河以东的贫困农村地区，包括通过视频聊天安排医生预约，并扩大财政援助计划，以激励医生在克拉斯诺亚尔斯克等国家偏远地区行医。 2024全国甲卷 阅读D 1． He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters, endings that satisfied the story even if they didn’t have a traditionally positive outcome． 【分析】本句中的that I wanted for the characters, that were right for the characters和that satisfied the story都是定语从句，修饰先行词endings; even if引导让步状语从句；He suggested I think about…中，suggested意为“建议”，其后的宾语从句用“should+动词原形”，表示虚拟语气，这里省略了should。 【翻译】他建议我思考我希望给角色的结局与适合角色的结局之间的区别，即使这些结局没有传统上的积极结果，也要能满足故事的需要。 2024全国甲卷 七选五 1． It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body that it has had enough food, so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full． 【翻译】实际上，大脑需要几分钟的时间才能告诉身体它已经吃饱了，所以要慢慢吃，在感觉吃饱之前停止进食。 【分析】It是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语to tell your body…，that引导的是宾语从句。 2． Studies suggest that eating only when you’re most active and giving your digestive system a long break each day may help to regulate weight． 【翻译】研究表明，只在最活跃的时候进食，让消化系统每天休息很长时间，可能有助于调节体重。 【分析】这个句子是that引导的宾语从句，并列的动词短语 eating only when you’re most active 和 giving your digestive system a long break each day作宾语从句的主语。 2024全国甲卷 完型填空 I guess our different childhood background is what makes my grandmother such an amazing person to talk to: her stories always make my history textbooks come alive. 【翻译】我想是我们不同的童年背景让我的祖母成为了一个交谈时令人惊叹的人：她的故事总是让我的历史教科书鲜活起来。 【分析】what makes my grandmother such an amazing person to talk to是what引导的表语从句；冒号后面是同位语，对前面的an amazing person起解释说明作用。 2024全国甲卷 语法填空 1． They were part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there． 【翻译】他们是一个由15名成员组成的探险队的一员，该探险队花了近五个星期的时间见证了那里的自然美景。 【分析】这是一个含有that引导的定语从句的复合句。 2． Yellowstone was the largest United States national park - 2．2 million acres - until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, which became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12．3 million acres． 【翻译】黄石公园是美国最大的国家公园，占地220万英亩，直到阿拉斯加南部的兰格尔圣埃利亚斯于1978年成为国家纪念碑，并于1980年以1230万英亩的面积获得国家公园荣誉。 【分析】这是一个复合句，until…引导时间状语从句；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Wrangell-Saint Elias。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$