Unit 2单元语法解析与训练课件2024-2025学年人教版八年级英语下册

Unit2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks 语法解析及练习 一、动词不定式 ※动词不定式的基本结构： 动词不定式由 to + 动词原形(有时可不加to) 构成，例如：to eat、to study。其否定形式为 not to do，例如：decide not to go。在句中除了不能充当谓语外，其他成分都可以充当，如:主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等。 ※动词不定式的语法功能： 1. 作宾语 常见于以下动词后：want, decide, hope, learn, agree, plan 等。 例如： Mario wants to be an animal doctor. They hope to become teachers. 2. 作宾语补足语 动词不定式做宾语补足语，放在宾语的后面，表示宾语是什么或怎么样。有to do 和 to be 两种形式。 经常用于 tell, ask, want, encourage 等动词后，表示对宾语动作的补充说明。 例如： The teacher told us to work hard. I want you to help me. I find English to be very easy. 注意： ●在 ask, tell, encourage, get, wish, want, would like, find, advise, teach等动词或短语之后，常接带to的不定式做宾语补足语。 We asked him to sing a pop song at the party ●动词不定式做宾语补足语时，不定式符号to在使役动词(have, make, let等 )的后面时要省略但它们变为被动语态时，不定式符号 to 不能省略。 ●感官动词( feel, hear, watch, see, notice等)的后面时要省略。但它们变为被动语态时，不定式符号 to 不能省略。 例如： The boss made the workers work over ten hours a day in the past. The workers were made to work over ten hours a day by the boss in the past. （被动语态） He made me laugh. I was made to laugh by him. （被动语态） ●动词 help 接不定式做宾语补足语时，不定式符号to可省略也可不省略。 例如： He often comes to help us ( to ) do some farm work. ●动词不定式在 listen to, look at后做宾语补足语时，常省略 to。 例如： I listened to him sing. ●动词不定式在 had better等词组后做宾语时，省略to。 例如： You’d better go home at once. 3. 状语 主要用来修饰动词，表示目的，结果或原因 表目的: 不定式可放在句子的前面也可放在句子的末尾。但在句中前面时，不定式常与句子用逗号隔开;而在句子末尾时，一般不用逗号隔开。 例如： To get there on time, we set out at five in the morning. He went to the hospital to see the dentist 表结果: 不定式做结果状语，一般位于句子末尾。 例如： I went to the classroom, to discover it empty. 表原因： 动词不定式作原因状语的关键在于 解释主句动作/状态的起因，多与情感形容词（如 glad, surprised, relieved）或反应性动词（如 laugh, tremble）搭配。例如： He was shocked to hear the news. They laughed to see the clown’s funny act. To my surprise, he apologized. 4.作定语 修饰名词，通常后置。需注意是否需要添加介词。 例如： I need a pen to write with.（需保留介词with） She has a dream to travel around the world. 5.作主语 直接位于句首，不定式短语可直接作为主语，谓语动词用单数。 例如： To learn English is important. To travel the world requires courage. 为避免句子的头重脚轻，常用it作为形式主语，而真正的主语动词不定式后置。 常用句型：It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth. 或It takes sb. some time to do sth. 例如： It is important to learn English well. 6.作表语 位于系动词（如 be, seem, appear, become等）之后，用于描述主语的特征或状态。通常表示主语的 目的、计划、可能性或 具体内容。例如： Her job is to teach children His wish was to become a scientist. He seems to know the answer. 特殊用法与注意事项 1. 疑问词 + 不定式 疑问词（what, how, when等）可与不定式连用，相当于名词性短语。 例如： - I don’t know how to read this word. - She taught us what to do next. 3. 不带to的不定式 在以下情况中，不定式需省略to： 使役动词（make, let）和感官动词（see, hear）后的宾补。 即：“一感(feel)，二听(listen to, hear)，三让(let, make, have,，四看(look at, see, watch, notice)，半帮助(help)”。help后可带可不带to） 易混淆结构： stop to do（停下来去做某事） vs. stop doing（停止做某事） remember to do（记得要做某事） vs. remember doing（记得做过某事）。 练习题 1. Sorry, sir. I__my homework at home. Don't forget ___it here. A.forget; to take B. leave ;to take C. forgot; to bring D. left; to bring 2. Does he need___there at once? No, he ____ leave so hurriedly because he has enough time. A. to go; need B. go; needn't C. to go; needn't D. go; doesn't need 3. I plan ____news this evening, because I hope ___a reporter one day.A. to watch; to beB. watching; to beC. watched;amD. to watch; was 答案：1.D2.C3.A 4.The children decide__their school yard this Friday afternoon. A. cleanB. to cleanC. cleaningD. Cleaned 5.Mario, your mobile phone is ringing. Wait a minute. It's dangerous for us_it while crossing the street. A.answering B.to answer C.answer D.Answered 6. I didn't hear you come in just now. That's good. We tried_any noise because you were sleeping. A.not make B. not to make B. to make D. Making 答案：4.B5.B6.B 7. Many children are left alone in the countryside. Let's try our best _them. A. helpsB. helpingC. to helpD. Help 8. We only planned_the play for an hour, but in the end, we stayed for three hours. A. watchB. watchesC. to watchD. Watched 9.I'd like _the old people _some housework. A. help; doB. to help; doing C. helping; doingD. to help; do 10.-What do you want to be when you grow up？A singer, but my parents wish me _a teacher. A.Am B. to be C. will be D. Be 答案：7.C8.C9.D10.B 11.Granny often tells us__water in our daily life. A. saveB. savingC. to saveD. Saves 12.Kate,remember_for the sick to cheer them up. A. to singB. not to singC. Singing 13.When got to the bus stop,missed the early bus and I hadto the next one. A. give up B. keep off C. call off D.wait for 14What should we do for the e disabled children in theChildren's Home? You're supposed to a study group to help them. A.take up B. fix up C. set up D. stay up 答案：11.C12.A13.D14.C 15.Our government has tried many ways to_thesmog (雾霾)problem. Maybe we'll have a clear sky in the near future. A. put awayB. work outC. come up 16. He found __difficult _English well. A. it, learnB. it, to learnC. that, learnD. that, to learn 17. It's easy__the problem. A. for him solveB. for him to solveC. of him solvingD. of him to solve 18. He made a fire ___himself __warm. A. make; to keepB. to make; to keep C. to make; keepD. make; keep 答案：15.B16.B17.B18.C 19What bad weather it was! We decided_ to go out B. not to go out C. to not go out D. not going out 20.It's important for us to know __all the subjects. - Yeah, group work is my favorite. A. how to study B. when to study which to study D. what to study 21.一Did Mary go to the park with you yesterday afternoon? -No. She decided ___at home in the end. A.stayB. stayedC. to stayD. staying 答案： 19.B 20.A21.C 22.-Wow,Wendy, it's so cool to make a short video with your smart phone. -Just with software called Meipai.Let me show you ____ A. which to use B. how to use it C. what to use D. where to use it 23.Even Tony's granddaughter, a five-year-old girl, asked him____smoking. A.give up B. gave up C. to give up D. giving up 答案：22.B23.C 24. ___ a book in the library, enter a key word into the computer. A. To find B. Find C. To write D. Write 25.My mother exercises every day ___ fat. A. in order not to get B. in order don't to get C.in order not to getting D.in order to not get 答案：24.A25.A 二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空 1.Please remember_(lock) the door when you leave. 2.Could you tell me how__(use)the computer? 3..Some students found it difficult__ (pronounce) difficult words. 答案： 1.to lock2.to use 3.to pronounce 4.Everyone wants___(have) astrong body. 5.I want to_the travel plan with my dad. (discussion) 6. I hope __ (find) out what's going on around the world. 7.John is expecting his mother and sister ___(meet) him at the train station. 8. ____ （teach）teach English is my favorite. 答案：4.to have5.to discuss6.to fide 7.to meet 8. To teach 9.It's my pleasure ____ (help) you. 10.I want ____ (buy) a new car when I have enough money 11.Please ask him ____ (come） here quickly. 12.There are many ways ____ (solve) the problem. 13.I have something important ____ (tell ) you. 14.We went to the hospital ____ （see） our teacher. 答案：9. to help 10. to buy 11. to come 12. to solve 13. to tell 14. to see 15.I don't know what ____ (say). 16.It is a great pleasure ____ (meet) you. 17.It is necessary for us ____ (practise) speaking English every day． 18.He walked too slowly ____( catch) up with me. 19.It is too dark in this room for me ____ (read) a book 20.We need several men strong enough ____ (do) the work. 答案：15.to say 16.to meet 17.to practise 18.to catch 19.to read20.to do $$