内容正文:
1. 利用“语法一致”原则解决主谓一致问题
单句语法填空。
(1)Last week, we ________________(invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals. (2026 改编)
答案:were invited
解析:考查主谓一致、动词的时态和语态。根据时间状语 Last week 可知,句子时态为一般过去时;主语we 和 invite 之间是动宾关系,故用一般过去时的被
动语态。因为本句主语 we 为第一人称复数,所以 be 动词用 were,故填 were invited。句意:上周,我们被邀请去北岸一个漂亮的农场听了一场私人音乐会。音乐会在星空下举行,在那里我们聆听了音乐家的演奏, 还结识了有趣的当地人。
(2)The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park (GPNP). The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ________________(be) previously unprotected. (2022 新高考Ⅰ真题)
答案:were
解析:考查主谓一致和动词的时态。分析句子结构可知,“that previously unprotected”为定语从句,根据时间标志词 previously 可知,从句时态应用一
般过去时;从句主语为 that,指代先行词 a significant number of areas,先行词是复数形式,谓语动词也应用复数形式,故填 were。
(3)And remember, if you have a tricky problem that you’re unable to solve, then ask a trusted adult for help. No one ________________(expect) to solve all aproblems by themselves. (河北衡水中学二调)
答案:is expected
解析:考查主谓一致、动词的时态和语态。结合前文语境可知,空格处应用一般现在时;本句主语为不定代词 No one,故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。根
据句意可知,主语 No one 和 expect 之间是动宾关系,因此谓语动词需用被动语态,故填 is expected。
(4)Giant Amazonian lily pads(睡莲叶)are the world’s largest and strongest floating plants. Yet how the lily’s leaves are able to grow as large as 10 feet across, strong enough to support the weight of a small child, ________________(remain) a mystery—till now. (山西太原三模)
答案:has remained
解析:考查主谓一致和动词的时态。由时间标志词 till now 可知,该句应用现在完成时;分析句子结构和句意可知,“how the lily’s leaves are able to grow… the
weight of a small child”是主语从句,谓语动词应用单数形式,故填 has remained。
(5)This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers ________________(carry) special significance. (2026 改编)
答案:carries
解析:考查主谓一致和动词的时态。分析句子结构可知,“why decorating with plants, fruits and f lowers special significance”是表语从句,从句主语为动名词短语“decorating with plants, fruits and flowers”,从句谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。由主句时态可知,从句时态应为一般现在时,故填 carries。句意:这就是用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。
(6)A piece of dough ________________(divide)into several parts and before long, a pig figure came into being.(首师大附中押题卷)
答案:was divided
解析:考查主谓一致、动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知,该句是一个由并列连词 and 连接的并列句,前后两个分句的时态应该一致。因为 and 后一分
句的时态是一般过去时,所以 and 前一分句的时态也应该是一般过去时。同时,and 前一分句的主语为A piece of dough,当“a piece/pieces of + 不可数名词”
作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式要和 piece 的单复数形式保持一致,所以该句的谓语动词应该用单数形式。分析句意可知,A piece of dough 和 divide 之间是
动宾关系,因此谓语动词需要用被动语态,故填 was divided。句意:一块面团被分成几部分,不久后一个猪的形象就出现了。
2. 利用“意义一致”原则解决主谓一致问题
单句语法填空。
(7) Then all Rylee was looking forward to ________________(be) to be able to see Waba’s appearance. (山东淄博一模)
答案:was
解析:考查主谓一致和动词的时态。分析句子结构可知,Rylee was looking forward to 为省略了关系词的定语从句,all 为主句主语,空格处为主句谓语。分析句意可知,此时 all 指物,因此谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式;又根据定语从句的时态并结合语境可知,主句时态应用一般过去时,故填 was。句意:那个时候,Rylee 最期待的事情就是能看到 Waba 的出现。
(8) He Zehui, a Chinese nuclear physicist, accomplished great things in physics and became an outstanding scientist. Her family ________________(be) famous for producing three famous women scientists, including her two sisters. (2026 改编)
答案:is
解析:考查主谓一致和动词的时态。根据语境可知,该句描述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时。结合句意可知,句子的主语 Her family 表示“她的家庭”,表示一个
整体,因此谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,故填 is。
(9) Half of the teachers in our school ________________(have) bachelor’s degrees and the rest have master’s degrees. (2026 原创)
答案:have
解析:考查主谓一致和动词的时态。分析句子结构可知,该句是一个由并列连词 and 连接的并列句,前后两个分句的时态应该一致,根据 and 后一分句中的have 可知,空格处应用一般现在时;and 前一分句的主语 Half of the teachers 是复数概念,因此谓语动词应用复数形式,故填 have。句意:我们学校一半的老
师有学士学位,其余的老师有硕士学位。
(10)More than one living species ________________ (disappear) forever from the earth half an hour, which is an alarming speed. (2026 改编)
答案:disappears
解析:考查主谓一致和动词的时态。分析句子结构可知,句子主语为 More than one living species;“more than one + 名词单数”作主语时,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式;结合语境可知,此处在陈述客观事实,所以时态应用一般现在时,故填 disappears。句意:每半小时就有不止一个物种从地球上永远消失,这是一个惊人的速度。
单句写作。
(11)拥有手机的学生数量正在迅速增加,这严重影响了正常
的教学。(the number of) (2026 原创)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案:The number of the students who possess cellphones is increasing rapidly, which affects the normal teaching badly.
(12)医疗队正在妥善照顾地震中的伤者。(the injured;被动语态) (2026 原创)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案:The injured in the earthquake are being taken good care of by medical teams.
3. 利用“就近”或“就远”原则解决主谓一致问题
单句语法填空。
(13) Outside the city there ________________(be) some dried-up rivers and much farmland when I was young. (2026 原创)
答案:were
解析:考查主谓一致和动词的时态。分析句子结构可知,“there some dried-up rivers and much farmland”为“there be”句型,在该句型中,be 动词与邻近的主语在数上保持一致。在本句中,离 be 动词最近的名词是 dried-up rivers,所以 be 动词应用复数形式。根据句中的 when I was young 可知,此处时态应用一般过去时,故填 were。句意:在我年轻的时候,城市外有一些干涸的河流和许多农田。
(14) Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ________________(regard) as one of the best all-around forms of exercise. (2026 改编)
答案:is regarded
解析:考查主谓一致、动词的时态和语态。 根据时间状语 Nowadays 可知,句子应用一般现在时。分析句子结构可知,句子的主语是 cycling。分析句意可知,cycling 和 regard 之间为动宾关系,因此谓语动词要用被动语态。注意谓语动词的数应与“cycling, along with jogging and swimming”中的 cycling 保持一致,
需用第三人称单数形式,故填 is regarded。句意:如今,骑行这项运动与慢跑、游泳一样,被认为是最全面的运动方式之一。
(15) When the bread or cake ________________(finish) and shared with family or friends, you feel like you’ve done something meaningful for the world and increased connection with other people as well. (河北衡水中学高考押题卷)
答案:is finished
解析:考查主谓一致、动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知,“When the bread or cake and shared with family or friends”是时间状语从句,主句时态为一般现
在时,结合语境可知,从句也应用一般现在时;从句的主语是 the bread or cake(由 or 连接),谓语动词应与靠近它的主语 cake 在数上保持一致,因此谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式;主语 the bread or cake 和动词finish 之间为动宾关系,谓语动词应用被动语态,故填 is finished。
单句写作。
(16)不仅学生们,还有这位老师都反对学校的这项改革计划。(not only... but also...) (2026 原创)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案:Not only the students but also the teacher was/is against the school’s reform plan.
(17)批判性推理和解决问题的能力有助于青少年做出更好的 决定。(together with) (2026 原创)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案:Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, helps teenagers (to) make better decisions.
随堂普查练 14
单句语法填空。
(1) One of Qiao Yu’s best-known songs is My Motherland, which ____________(consider) as an ode (颂歌) to China. (山东联合检测)
答案:is considered
解析:考查主谓一致、动词的时态和语态。根据语境可知,该句在陈述客观事实,句子的时态为一般现在时。分析句子结构可知,“which as an ode to China”是非限制性定语从句,空格处是从句的谓语动词。关系代词 which 指代先行词 My Motherland,为第三人称单数,且先行词与 consider 之间是动宾关系,谓语动词应用被动语态,故填 is considered。
(2) Ancient books from the Song (960—1279) and Yuan (1271—1368) dynasties are now on show at a new exhibition at the Shanghai Museum and about half of the exhibits ____________(list) as “treasured ancient books” in China. (2026 改编)
答案:are listed
解析:考查主谓一致、动词的时态和语态。第二个 and连接前后两个分句,分析句子结构可知,空格处作第二个分句的谓语。前一分句的时态为一般现在时,此处时态应保持一致;list 和主语 about half of the exhibits 之间为动宾关系,应用一般现在时的被动语态,且主语是复数,故填 are listed。
(3) Shangsi Festival activities have changed with the times. The feast and praying for later generations by the river ____________(add) in the Han Dynasty. (江苏百校联考一模)
答案:were added
解析:考查主谓一致、动词的时态和语态。根据时间标志词 in the Han Dynasty 可知,句子时态为一般过去时;分析句子结构可知,The feast and praying for later generations by the river 作句子的主语,且由 and连接;根据句意可知,and 连接的两个部分是两个不同的事物,因此谓语动词应用复数形式;主语和 add之间是动宾关系,应用被动语态,故填 were added。
(4) A red rose, rather than yellow roses, ____________(act) as the traditional romantic gift given to your love on Valentine’s Day. (新高考临考押题卷)
答案:acts
解析:考查主谓一致和动词的时态。结合句意可知,该句描述的是一种公认的现象,应用一般现在时。分析句子结构可知,句子的主语是 A red rose,后面有
rather than 连接的名词短语,所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,故填 acts。句意:红玫瑰,而不是黄玫瑰,在情人节那天作为传统的浪漫礼物赠予你的爱人。
(5)Thanks for your letter. Sounds like you had a good Christmas. Ours ____________(be) pretty good, too. (首师大附中模拟)
答案:was
解析:考查主谓一致和动词的时态。分析语境可知,圣诞节已经过去了,所以应用一般过去时。分析句子结构和语意可知,空格所在句的主语是名词性物主代词
Ours(=Our Christmas),指的是“我们的圣诞节”,为单数概念,所以谓语动词也应用第三人称单数形式,故填 was。句意:感谢你的来信。听起来你度过了一
个快乐的圣诞节。我们的圣诞节也很棒。
(6)On weekends, his family often ____________(get) together to enjoy a big meal. (2026 原创)
答案:get
解析:考查主谓一致和动词的时态。根据时间状语 On weekends 和频度副词 often 可知,该句所描述的动作是一种习惯性的行为,应用一般现在时。分析句子结构和句意可知,主语为 his family,在这里指的是“一家人”,强调的是“家庭成员”,因此谓语动词要用复数形式,故填 get。句意:在周末,他们一家人经常聚在一起去吃一顿大餐。
(7)Every day, each of us ____________(offer) the opportunity to pursue development. (2026 原创)
答案:is offered
解析:考查主谓一致、动词的时态和语态。根据时间状语 Every day 可知,本句应该用一般现在时。分析句意可知,主语 each of us 和 offer 之间是动宾关系,应用被动语态。分析句子结构可知,句子的主语是 each of us。当“each of + 复数名词 / 代词”作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,故填 is offered。句意:我们每个人每天都被给予了追求发展的机会。
(8)Two-thirds of the country is covered with trees and the majority of the citizens
____________(be) white people. (2026 原创)
答案:are
解析:考查主谓一致和动词的时态。根据 and 前的分句为一般现在时可知,and 后的分句的时态也应该用一般现在时。分析 and 后的分句的结构可知,该句主
语是 the majority of the citizens,当“the majority of + 名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式,故填are。句意:这个国家的三分之二被树木所覆盖,且居民大多数是白人。
(9)Once my father sent us a photo of him in a soldier’s uniform, which ____________(post) on the table reminding me of him. (2026 改编)
答案:is/was posted
解析:考查主谓一致、动词的时态和语态。由时间标志词 Once 及主句时态为一般过去时可知,从句可以用一般过去时,表示“过去放在桌上”。结合语境可
知,从句也可以用一般现在时,表示“现在放在桌上”。分析句子结构可知,定语从句中,which 指代先行词 a photo 并在从句中作主语,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式;主语和 post 之间是动宾关系,谓语动词应用被动语态,故填 was posted 或 is posted。
(10)However, there is one thing that (accept) universally so far—the sense of
humor is uniquely human. (北京海淀区一模)
答案:has been accepted
解析:考查主谓一致、动词的时态和语态。由时间标志词 so far 可知,句子的时态为现在完成时;分析句子结构可知,空格处为定语从句“that universally so far”的谓语动词,that 指代先行词 one thing 作从句主语,因此谓语动词应用单数形式;one thing 和accept 之间是动宾关系,谓语动词应用被动语态,故填 has been accepted。
(11) So far seven of the 12 statues including the horse ____________(come) back to China, and now the rest six are housed in the National Museum of China and Poly Art Museum. (河南南阳一中阶段考试)
答案:have come
解析:考查主谓一致和动词的时态。根据时间标志词So far 可知,该句时态为现在完成时;句子的主语为seven of the 12 statues,因此谓语动词应用复数形式,
故填 have come。
(12) The world’s wildlife population ____________(suffer) a devastating loss of almost three fifths since 1970, says a new report by the Zoology Society of London and the World Wildlife Foundation. (2026 原创)
答案:has suffered
解析:考查主谓一致和动词的时态。根据时间状语since 1970 可知,空格处应用现在完成时;分析句子结构可知,句子的主语是 The world’s wildlife population,
population 为集体名词,此处表示一个整体,因此谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,故填 has suffered。句意:伦敦动物学会和世界野生动物基金会的一份新报
告称,自 1970 年以来,世界野生动物种群遭受了毁灭性的损失,数量锐减了近乎五分之三。
(13) For those of you who ____________(experience) some hardships already—don’t give up on your dream. (湖北联考)
答案:have experienced
解析:考查主谓一致和动词的时态。分析句子结构可知,“who some hardships already”为定语从句,空格处为从句的谓语动词,who 指代先行词 those of you (复数),并在从句中作主语,因此谓语动词应用复数形式;根据时间标志词 already 可知,从句时态为现在完成时,故填 have experienced。
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