高效作业2 Unit 1 Period Ⅱ Learning About Language-【精彩三年】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册课程探究与巩固Word教参（人教版2019）

高效作业2 [Period Ⅱ　Learning About Language](见学生用书P147) [语言基础巩固] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．When I finally stepped out of the trees, the view was breathtaking. An eagle flew over the snow­capped mountains, which __were_reflected__(reflect) in the still lake below. 2．Since the dawn(开端；萌芽) of civilisation, humans __have_been_attracted__(attract) over the horizon to find food or more space, or just to see what beyond those trees, mountains or oceans. 3．It is believed that many plant species __are_being_threatened__(threaten) with extinction. 4．It __was_built__(build) originally to protect the city in the Tang Dynasty and has now been completely restored. 5．The students have been working hard on their lessons and we believe their efforts __will_be_rewarded__(reward) with success in the end. 6．The Chinese character “福” __is_attached__(attach) upside down to our front door, which is believed to bring happiness and good luck to the family. 7．He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he __was_being_followed__(follow). 8．When salt __is_removed__(remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. 9．A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who __had_been_trapped__(trap) in the mountains for two days. 10．It remains __to_be_seen__(see) whether household robots will take good care of the old and the sick. 11．It is the third time so far that such a festival __has_been_held__(hold) in my home town. 12．You can observe us students __take__(take) part in various activities at the stadium. 13．Her advice is that good study habits __(should)_be_formed__(form) in one’s childhood. 14．I’m not sure of the reason for the dog’s illness, but it may __have_been_caused__(cause) by eating too much. Ⅱ.句型转换 1．People refer to California as the Golden State.→California __is_referred_to__ as the Golden State by people. 2．In order to reduce the air pollution, the government has taken a lot of measures. →In order to reduce the air pollution, a lot of measures __have_been_taken__ by the government. 3．We are discussing how to celebrate Teachers’ Day now. →How to celebrate Teachers’ Day __is_being_discussed/is_under_discussion__ now. 4．To speed up the reform, we will make more efforts in the years ahead. →More efforts __will_be_made__ in the years ahead to speed up the reform. 5．If we do nothing, the present situation will go from bad to worse. →If nothing __is_done__， the present situation will go from bad to worse. Ⅲ.根据中文提示且结合被动语态相关知识填空 1．They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house __is_being_built__(正在被建). 2．The building __to_be_completed__(被完成) next week will be used as a job training centre for the disabled. 3．As is known to us all，there __exists__(存在)a generation gap between the young and the old. 4．I don’t know where the hotel is, but __it_is_said__(据说) to be the best one in the city. 5．The reporters hurried to the hotel, only __to_be_told__(被告知) that the famous basketball player had left. 6．Currently, about 35，000 works __are_on_display/are_being_displayed__(在展出) in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it will take a lifetime to see everything. [话题语篇提升] Ⅳ.阅读理解 There is a profound relationship between science fiction and science. It is often said that stories change the world. What is less often heard is that stories change science, and therefore the future. The use of science fiction to explore our world is similar to scenario(场景) planning in Futures Studies. It shapes our ideas about the future, and goes beyond predicting artifacts that once seemed impossible to us like Verne’s submarine or the satellites of 2001：A Space Odyssey. In the words of Dutch researcher Sofia Kaloterakis, “Science fiction narratives structure our imaginative models about techno­scientific projects such as robotics or space exploration.” Have you ever wondered how science fiction novels have impacted the idea we have about artificial intelligence or how Snow Crash, Neal Stephenson’s novel, has impacted what we now call the Metaverse(元宇宙)? Science fiction helps us define possible futures. It provides us with an understanding of the rules underlying fictional worlds. It also allows us to put technological prototypes(原型) in the context of their use by humans. But most importantly, it determines the way we structure scientific thought and intervene(干预) in the future. Alex McDowell, creator of the Minority Report, and Peter von Stackelberg explain what fictional narratives can bring to the table： The richness of “story worlds”—the “universes” within which stories take place—provides us with detailed rules of the context in which a larger reality unfolds that extends beyond a single story, and has the potential to provide us with deeper learning about the underlying systems that regulate those worlds. Lastly, the relationship of future narratives to theories such as Social Constructivism has been highlighted by several scholars. A central idea of this sociological theory is that whenever we use words or other symbols to refer to objects in our world, we are constructing them. And, therefore, prediction is also a social construction. In narrating, we intervene in the world. In narrating the world, we construct it. In writing science fiction, we intervene in the science of the future. (　C　)1．What is the text mainly about? A．The story worlds created by science fiction. B．Artifacts and technologies in science fiction. C．Science fiction narratives affecting future studies. D．The relation between science and science fiction. (　D　)2．What is the most important role of science fiction? A．It provides us with technologies and tools. B．It allows us to establish reasonable futures. C．It helps us learn the rules of the fictional world. D．It decides our thinking and affects the future. (　D　)3．What do we know about “story worlds”？ A．There are general rules for a single story. B．They have a potential context within a story. C．There are no regulations or guiding systems. D．They are the “universes” where stories happen. (　D　)4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Scholars care little about narratives about future. B．Objects can’t be constructed by words or symbols. C．The science of future intervenes in today’s science. D．Science fiction narratives can construct future worlds. 【语篇解读】 科幻小说与科学之间有着深刻的关系。人们常说故事改变世界，但较少听到的是故事改变科学，进而改变未来。 1．C　主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“There is a profound relationship between science fiction and science.”可知，科幻小说和科学之间有着深刻的关系；根据第二段中的“The use of science fiction to explore our world is similar to scenario(场景) planning in Futures Studies. It shapes our ideas”可知，利用科幻小说来探索我们的世界，类似于未来学中的场景规划，它塑造了我们对未来的看法；根据第四段中的“Science fiction helps us define possible futures.”可知，科幻小说帮助我们定义可能的未来；根据最后一段中的“In writing science fiction, we intervene in the science of the future.”可知，在写科幻小说时，我们介入了未来的科学，由此可知，本文主要是关于科幻小说叙事影响了未来的研究。故选C。 2．D　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But most importantly, it determines the way we structure scientific thought and intervene (干预) in the future.”可知，最重要的是，它决定了我们构建科学思想和干预未来的方式。由此可知，科幻小说最重要的作用是它决定我们的思维并影响未来。故选D。 3．D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“The richness of ’story worlds’—the ’universes’ within which stories take place”可知，丰富的“故事世界”——故事发生的“宇宙”，由此可知，故事世界是指故事发生所在的“宇宙”。故选D。 4．D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“In narrating, we intervene in the world. In narrating the world, we construct it. In writing science fiction, we intervene in the science of the future.”可知，在叙述中，我们介入了世界。在叙述世界时，我们构建了世界。在写科幻小说时，我们介入了未来的科学。由此可推知，根据最后一段，我们可以推断出，科幻叙事可以构建未来世界。故选D。 Ⅴ.完形填空 Danielle Boyer knew she was interested in robotics from a young age. But with __1__ learning resources, which many Native American students face, Boyer said she had to take __2__ to work out the __3__ problem. She __4__ herself through watching YouTube videos, reading old electrical engineering books, examining maker kits on Amazon, and then __5__ everything related. Now, as the founder of the nonprofit organisation The STEAM Connection, Boyer, 22, is __6__ to promote technical and educational opportunities among Native American __7__ like herself. “I __8__ equipping students with 21st century skills is able to create solutions for our communities，” said Boyer, who has dropped out of college to __9__ the nonprofit organisation full­time. Tech opportunities are not __10__ to many Native American students, who often live on reservations in __11__ areas with limited Internet access and face __12__ trouble to education and technology, Boyer said. For example, one educational robot that was required for her sister’s participation in a competition was $500. After she __13__ the organisation, the next thing Boyer did was to __14__ Every Kid Gets a Robot, an educational robotics kit with materials for students to fix, wire, and programme their own robot cars that they can drive around with their phones. To date, she has __15__ more than 8，000 kits to native schools, free of cost. (　A　)1．A．limited B．enough C．modern D．traditional (　B　)2．A．breaks B．steps C．photos D．drugs (　D　)3．A．international B．boring C．permanent D．severe (　C　)4．A．tested B．persuaded C．taught D．comforted (　D　)5．A．choosing B．listing C．purchasing D．mastering (　A　)6．A．determined B．afraid C．accustomed D．disappointed (　C　)7．A．businessmen B．ladies C．youth D．geniuses (　B　)8．A．write B．believe C．suspend D．complain (　A　)9．A．run B．find C．sell D．enlarge (　D　)10．A．funny B．appealing C．precious D．accessible (　C　)11．A．busy B．urban C．rural D．developed (　A　)12．A．financial B．physical C．different D．psychological (　C　)13．A．refused B．controlled C．founded D．discovered (　B　)14．A．show B．invent C．seize D．adopt (　D　)15．A．designed B．collected C．bought D．sent 【语篇解读】 Boyer对机器人学感兴趣，但是因为资源有限，她只能通过各种办法自学来掌握相关知识。后来她创办了一个非营利组织，决心在像她一样的印第安青年中推广技术和教育机会。 1．A　根据下文中的“herself through watching YouTube videos, reading old electrical engineering books, examining maker kits on Amazon”可知，许多印第安学生面临的学习资源有限。A.limited有限的；B.enough足够的；C.modern现代的；D.traditional传统的。故选A。 2．B　由于许多印第安学生面临的学习资源有限，Boyer说她不得不采取措施解决这个严重的问题。A.break休息；B.step措施；C.photo照片；D.drug药物。故选B。 3．D　Boyer说她不得不采取措施解决这个严重的问题。A.international国际的；B.boring无聊的；C.permanent永恒的；D.severe严重的。故选D。 4．C　Boyer通过观看YouTube视频、阅读旧的电气工程书籍、在亚马逊上研究制造商工具包来自学。A.test检测；B.persuade说服；C.teach教授，teach oneself为固定短语，意为“自学”，符合语境；D.comfort安慰。故选C。 5．D　Boyer掌握了所有相关的东西。A.choose选择；B.list列出，列举；C.purchase购买；D.master掌握。故选D。 6．A　现在，作为非营利组织the STEAM Connection的创始人，22岁的Boyer决心推广技术和教育机会。A.determined有决心的；B.afraid害怕的；C.accustomed习惯于；D.disappointed失望的。故选A。 7．C　根据空后的like herself和第6个空前的22可知，Boyer是一个年轻人，因此此处指22岁的Boyer决心在像她一样的印第安青年中推广技术和教育机会。A.businessman 企业家；B.lady女士；C.youth年轻人；D.genius天才。故选C。 8．B　Boyer相信让学生掌握21世纪的技能，能够为社区创造解决方案。A.write 写；B.believe 相信；C.suspend 暂停；D.complain抱怨。故选B。 9．A　Boyer从大学辍学，全职经营这家非营利机构。A.run经营；B.find找到；C.sell卖；D.enlarge扩大。故选A。 10．D　Boyer说，许多印第安学生无法获得技术机会。A.funny有趣的；B.appealing有吸引力的；C.precious珍贵的；D.accessible易得到的。故选D。 11．C　许多印第安学生无法获得技术机会是因为他们通常住在乡村居留地。A.busy忙碌的；B.urban城市的；C.rural乡村的；D.developed发达的。故选C。 12．A　Boyer说，许多住在乡村居留地的印第安学生在教育和技术方面面临经济困难。A.financial财政的；B.physical身体的；C.different 不同的；D.psychological心理的。故选A。 13．C　根据第三段第一句中的“as the founder of the nonprofit organisation The STEAM Connection”可知，Boyer是这个非营利组织的创始人，因此此处指在她成立了这个组织之后做的事情。A.refuse拒绝；B.control控制；C.found创立；D.discover发现。故选C。 14．B　在她成立了这个组织之后，Boyer做的下一件事是发明工具包。A.show展示；B.invent发明；C.seize抓住；D.adopt采取。故选B。 15．D　到目前为止，她已经向印第安学校免费寄出去了8 000多个工具包。A.design设计；B.collect收集；C.buy购买；D.send寄出。故选D。 Ⅵ.语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A team comprised 1．__of__ eight members coming from IBM Japan, the University of Tokyo and Yamaha Motor has created an AI painting project, extending creativity to machines. The creative concept gives robots the power 2．__to_create__(create) art using colours, canvas and a paintbrush. The AI painting project features a robot 3．__inspired__(inspire) by human artists—it has a robot arm that holds the paintbrush to bring new art to life through paintings 4．__that/which__ are not generated at will, but rather based on a set of 5．__concepts__(concept) that the AI technology uses to create art. To do so, multiple values 6．__are_given__(give) to the AI robot to generate a picture through a collection of brush strokes(笔触). The images created by the robot are based on the evaluation standard of “most like the presented concept”. The robot arm then uses the paintbrush and colours to create art. It currently works with both acrylic paint(丙烯颜料) 7．__and__ watercolours and mixes the colours with water as well. The team believes that the paint strokes, colours, and images produced by AI have the potential to lead the world into a new category of art 8．__fully__(full) created by machines. Going forward, the team is in the process of 9．__designing__(design) a visual feedback system that will allow the robot to see the painting in progress, making human 10．__intervention__(intervene) and co­creation possible. 【语篇解读】 文章主要介绍了一项新的研究：一个专业团队创建了一个人工智能绘画项目，该创意赋予了机器人使用颜色、画布和画笔创作艺术的能力。 1．of　考查介词。be comprised of为固定短语，意为“由……组成”，此处表示“这个团队由八名成员组成”。故填of。 2．to create　考查非谓语动词。power意为“能力”，其后常用不定式作后置定语，此处表示“这一创意概念赋予了机器人使用颜色、画布和画笔创作艺术的能力”。故填to create。 3．inspired　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空前句子的谓语动词为features，因此inspire需用非谓语动词形式，机器人由人类艺术家启发，表示被动，因此用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填inspired。 4．that/which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词paintings，且在定语从句中担当主语，因此用关系代词that或which引导。故填that或which。 5．concepts　考查名词的数。concept意为“概念”，为可数名词，根据其前的修饰语a set of可知，此处需用复数形式。故填concepts。 6．are given　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。陈述客观情况，本句时态用一般现在时；主语为“multiple values”，表示复数概念，且和动词give之间为被动关系。故填are given。 7．and　考查连词。此处包含both．..an D．..结构，表示“目前，它可以使用丙烯颜料和水彩颜料，也可以将颜料与水混合”。故填and。 8．fully　考查副词。修饰动词created用副词形式作状语。故填fully。 9．designing　考查非谓语动词。位于介词后，需用动名词形式作宾语。故填designing。 10．intervention　考查名词。根据and后的“co­creation”可知，空处为名词形式，intervene的名词形式intervention，意为“干预”，为不可数名词。此处表示“使人类干预和共同创作成为可能”。故填intervention。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$