精品解析：江苏省徐州市东苑中学2023-2024学年八年级下学期5月月考英语试题

2023～2024学年度第二学期第二次学情检测八年级英语试题 （本卷共6页，满分为110分，考试时间为90分钟） 一、选择填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 从ABCD四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. You can’t swim if you see the sign ________. A. B. C. D. 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：如果你看到C项的标志，你就不能游泳。 考查常识。禁止行人通行；禁止拍照；禁止游泳；禁止吸烟。根据题干可知，此处指禁止游泳，C项符合。故选C。 2. The tent is _________ for a family of three _________. A. big enough; to live B. enough big; to live in it C. big enough; to live in D. enough big; live in 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：这个帐篷足够大让一个三口之家住。 考查enough的用法和live的用法。“big”是形容词，enough修饰形容词时要后置，故排除B、D选项；第二空填动词不定式作结果状语，live是不及物动词，主语“the tent”是逻辑宾语，故此处需添加介词in，故填to live in。故选C。 3. When in Rome, do ________ the Romans do. A. like B. with C. as D. follow 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：入乡随俗。 考查词义辨析。like喜欢（动词），像（介词）；with和，介词；as像（介词），照……方式（连词）；follow跟随，动词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导从句，应用连词as。故选C。 4. –Dad, it’s difficult for me to clean the whole yard on my own. -Why not ask your brother for help? __________________ A. No pain, no gain B. Every dog has its day C. The early bird catches the worm D. many hands make light work 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：——爸爸，一个人打扫整个院子对我来说很难。——为什么不请你哥哥帮忙呢?人多好办事。考查谚语辨析。A. 没有耕耘，没有收获；B. 人人皆有得意日；C.早起的鸟儿有虫吃；D. 人多好干活。根据上文建议Why not ask your brother for help?可知人多力量大，故选D。 5. —Can you give me some advice on how to behave myself at table? —Well, I do have some. ________, please keep quiet while eating. A. In all B. Of all C. At all D. Above all 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：——你能给我一些关于如何在餐桌上表现得体的建议吗？——嗯，我确实有一些建议。首先，吃饭时请保持安静。 考查介词短语。In all总计；Of all在所有的……之中；At all根本；Above all首先。根据“Well, I do have some.”并结合选项可知，此处要从第一条起开始列举建议了，D项符合。故选D。 6. —What are these young girls doing? —They are training ________ volunteers ________ the coming sports meeting. A. to be; to B. as; to C. for; for D. to be; for 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：——这些年轻女孩在做什么？——她们正在为即将到来的运动会接受志愿者的培训。 考查介词。as作为；to到；for为了；to be成为。根据“They are training…volunteers…the coming sports meeting.”可知是指“为了”即将到来的运动会，因此第二空用介词for，排除A/B；而第一空是train to be意为“接受……的培训”。故选D。 7. The people who are more confident have more____to make themselves successful. A education B. chances C. pride D. excuses 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】试题分析：考查名词词义辨析。句意: 那些拥有更多自信的人有更多的机会使自己成功。education教育, chance机会, pride自豪, excuse借口、理由。故选B。 8. Henry was very excited when he won a gold, because he ________ his dream at last. A. came up B. came down C. came true D. achieved 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：亨利赢得金牌时非常兴奋，因为他终于实现了自己的梦想。 考查动词及动词短语辨析。came up出现，发生；came down下降；came true实现，不接宾语；achieved实现，及物动词。根据“he…his dream at last”的语境并结合选项可知，此处指实现了自己的梦想，空处为及物动词，后接宾语“his dream”，D项符合。故选D。 9. It’s ________ for volunteers to receive training before doing the tasks. A. special B. necessary C. possible D. comfortable 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：志愿者做任务前接受训练是必要的。 考查形容词词义辨析。special特殊的；necessary必要的；possible可能的；comfortable舒适的。根据“for volunteers to receive training before doing the tasks”可知，志愿者做任务前接受训练是必要的，故选B。 10. -- I find it difficult to learn English well. I want to drop it. -- English is very important in our daily life. Never _______. A. give up it B. give it up C. give away it D. give it away 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：——我认为学好英语是很难的。我想放弃它。——英语在我们日常生活中是非常重要的。永远不要放弃它。give up放弃；give away赠送。根据I want to drop it.可知我想要放弃它，因此对方劝告我不要放弃它。当人称代词作为短语动词+副词的宾语时，人称代词位于动词和副词之间，故用give it up，故选B。 二、完形填空（共15题；每小题1分，满分15分） China is a nation of etiquette (礼仪). Chinese people are ____11____ the most hospitable (好客的) people in the world. If ____12____ visit a Chinese family, they would be ____13____ at the warmth that they would receive as guests. When you visit a Chinese family, the host usually makes tea for you and ____14____ you snacks like biscuits or candy. Someone in the family will also chat with you, never letting you feel ____15____. At the same time, other family members will be busy ____16____ a meal for you. Chinese people treat their guests ____17____ a big meal. They always give more food than the guests can eat. At table, the guests must be the ____18____ to eat. Perhaps one of the things that surprises a(n) ____19____ guest most is that the Chinese host likes to pick food for guests, which won’t happen at Western tables. The Chinese family ____20____ to make you feel at home. As you finish eating, the host usually says, “It seems that you didn’t eat much. Please have ____21____.” You tell them you are full, ____22____ they still put more food in your bowl. ____23____ warm and hospitable (好客) has been an important part of Chinese culture and tradition. As Confucius (孔子) said ____24____ years ago: To meet friends from afar, how ____25____ we are! 11. A. between B. among C. during D. on 12. A. foreign B. foreigner C. foreigners D. neighbour 13. A. surprised B. surprise C. surprising D. surprises 14. A. serve B. serving C. serves D. to serve 15. A. lonely B. alone C. happy D. pleasant 16. A. prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. to prepare 17. A. with B. as C. for D. from 18. A. first B. second C. last D. beginning 19. A. eastern B. southern C. northern D. Western 20. A. get in their way B. go out of their way C. lose their way D. go their way 21. A. more B. less C. many D. much 22. A. although B. but C. because D. so 23. A. Be B. Been C. Being D. To be 24. A. thousands of B. thousand C. a thousand D. thousands 25. A. happily B. unhappy C. happy D. unhappily 【答案】11. B 12. C 13. A 14. C 15. A 16. B 17. A 18. A 19. D 20. B 21. A 22. A 23. C 24. A 25. C 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国人热情好客的具体表现。 【11题详解】 句意：中国人在世界上众多人群中是最热情好客的。 between在两者之间；among在……之中（三者或以上）；during在……期间；on在……上面。根据“...people in the world”可知，此处为全世界人群中，三者以上。故选B。 【12题详解】 句意：如果外国人 拜访一个中国家庭，他们会对作为客人所受到的热情款待感到惊讶。 foreign外国的（形容词）；foreigner外国人（单数）；foreigners外国人（复数）；neighbour邻居。根据谓语动词“visit”可知，设空处应为名词复数形式作主语。故选C。 【13题详解】 句意：如果外国人拜访一个中国家庭，他们会对作为客人所受到的热情款待感到惊讶。 surprised感到惊讶的（形容人）；surprise 使惊讶（动词）；惊讶（名词）；surprising令人惊讶的（形容物）；surprises使惊讶（第三人称单数形式）。根据空前“be”可知，此处应为形容词，“be surprised at”表示“对……感到惊讶”。故选A。 【14题详解】 句意：当你拜访一个中国家庭时，主人通常会为你沏茶，并端上饼干或糖果之类的小吃。 serve端上（动词原形）；serving端上（现在分词形式）；serves端上（第三人称单数形式）；to serve为了端上（不定式形式）。“and”连接两个并列的谓语动词，前面“makes”是第三人称单数形式，这里“serve”也应用第三人称单数“serves”。故选C。 【15题详解】 句意：家里也会有人和你聊天，绝不会让你感到孤单。 lonely孤单的（有情感上的孤独意味）；alone独自的；happy开心的；pleasant令人愉快的。根据“  Someone in the family will also chat with you”可知，家人和客人聊天，是为了不让客人感到孤独。故选A。 【16题详解】 句意：与此同时，其他家庭成员会忙着准备一顿饭给你。 prepare 准备（动词原形）；preparing准备（现在分词形式）；prepared准备好的（形容词）；to prepare为了准备（不定式形式）。“be busy doing sth.”是固定结构，意为“忙于做某事”。故选B。 【17题详解】 句意：中国人用一顿丰盛的饭菜款待他们的客人。 with用；as作为；for为了；from 从……。“treat sb. with sth.”意为“用某物款待某人”，这里表示用一顿大餐款待客人，用“with”。故选A。 【18题详解】 句意：在餐桌上，客人必须是第一个开始用餐的。 first第一；second第二；last最后；beginning开始。根据中国的餐桌礼仪，客人通常是先开始吃饭的，“first”表示“首先” ，符合语境。故选A。 【19题详解】 句意：也许最让西方 客人感到惊讶的事情之一是，中国主人喜欢给客人夹菜，这在西方餐桌上是不会发生的。 eastern东方的；southern南方的；northern北方的；Western 西方的。根据“which won’t happen at Western tables”可知，这里是说让西方客人惊讶。故选D。 【20题详解】 句意：中国家庭会想尽办法让你有宾至如归的感觉。 get in their way妨碍他们；go out of their way想尽办法；lose their way迷路；go their way走他们的路。根据“make you feel at home”可知，中国家庭会想尽办法让客人就像在家一样。故选B。 【21题详解】 句意：当你吃完时，主人通常会说：“看来你没吃多少。请再吃 一些。”。 more更多；less更少；many许多（修饰可数名词复数）；much许多（修饰不可数名词）。根据“It seems that you didn’t eat much.”可知，主人会让客人再多吃些，应用比较级。故选A。 【22题详解】 句意：你告诉他们你已经饱了，尽管他们还是会往你的碗里添更多食物。 although尽管；but但是；because因为；so所以。根据设空处前后句子意思可知，此处应为“although”引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”。故选A。 【23题详解】 句意：热情好客一直是中国文化和传统的重要组成部分，这由来已久。 Be是（原形）；Been是（过去分词）；Being是（动名词形式）；To be为了是（不定式形式）。根据文意和句法结构可知，此处需要动名词作主语。故选C。 【24题详解】 句意：正如孔子几千年前所说：有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎！。 thousands of成千上万的；thousand千（原形，前需接具体数字）；a thousand一千；thousands千（复数，单独使用错误）。根据本句空前无具体数字且空后为“years ago”可知，此处表达的是“几千年前”，不是具体时间。故选A。 【25题详解】 句意：正如孔子几千年前所说：有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎！。 happily开心地（副词）；unhappy不开心的（形容词）；happy开心的（形容词）；unhappily不开心地（副词）。根据“To meet friends from afar”可知，见到远方来的朋友是开心的；根据“we are”可知，此处应用形容词。故选C。 三、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） A）阅读下面三篇短文，从短文后各题所给的A/B/C/D四个选项中，选择最佳选项 Volunteers Are Needed Clean People’s Park! We need five people who are strong and can help clean up People’s Park. We need help to collect rubbish. If you are free for four hours this weekend, come and join us! Tel: 0398-8651518 Email: park699@126.com Teach Music! We need three volunteers to work as music teachers in SOS Children’s Villages. You need to be good at singing and dancing. You also need to be glad to accept different opinions. That is to say, you need to be open-minded with a loving heart. If you are free for two hours every weekend, join us! Tel: 0398-8858518 Email:1ovekids@sina.com Help Old People! We need four volunteers to help at Xinxin Nursing Home. You need to be good with older people. Your job is to wash clothes for them. If you can spare three hours on May 6, come and join us! Tel: 0398-8656869 Email: homelove@163.com 26. Volunteers help to ________ in People’s Park. A. teach music B. learn music C. collect rubbish D. wash clothes 27. volunteers are needed in total according to the passage. A. Three B. Four C. Five D. Twelve 28. Where can we probably read the passage? A. In a textbook. B. In a storybook. C. On the Internet. D. In a science report. 【答案】26. C 27. D 28. C 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了三则志愿者的招募信息。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一栏中“We need five people who are strong and can help clean up People’s Park. We need help to collect rubbish.”可知，志愿者在人民公园帮助收集垃圾，故选C。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据“We need five people who are strong and can help clean up People’s Park.”、“We need three volunteers to work as music teachers in SOS Children’s Villages.”和“We need four volunteers to help at Xinxin Nursing Home.”可知，文中总共招募12名志愿者，故选D。 【28题详解】 推理判断题。根据“Volunteers Are Needed”可知，本文主要是志愿者招募信息，所以我们可能会在网上读到这篇文章，故选C。 B In the eyes of many foreigners, Chinese are the best hosts and the worst guests in the world. And Western hosts sometimes look rude in the eyes of Chinese guests. It is because the guest-host relationship in China is quite different from that in some Western countries. In China, guests are almost like gods. Whenever I enter a Chinese friend’s home, there is always fruit on the table for me, and someone is quick to bring me a cup of tea or water. In the West, generally the guest is not a god. Acting according to the host’s way of doing things is usual behavior for a guest. My wife’s mother, a very kind Chinese lady, doesn’t smoke. When I see some of her guests smoking in her house, as a non-smoker, I feel unhappy. Usually, I want to stop them directly, but I must realize that in China, to be a good host, she must not do that. In most North American homes, if you are a guest, and the hosts are not smokers, you should not smoke in their house. At the very least, you should ask, “Is it OK if I smoke?” But don’t be surprised if they say, “No, you can’t smoke.” In my culture, if you smoke in their house, you are a bad guest, but if they don’t allow you to smoke in their house, they are not rude hosts. In a word, no matter where you are, the best way to be a good guest is to adapt to (适应) the habits of your hosts. 29. When a Western guest visits a Chinese family, he often _________. A. buys some fruit B. brings a cup of tea C. smokes D. feels like a god 30. What will the writer probably say if a guest wants to smoke in his house? A. Let’s smoke together. B. Sorry, you can’t smoke here. C Smoking is a bad habit. D. It’s OK if you smoke here. 31. What is the best title of the passage? A. The Best Hosts B. The Best Guests C. Different Cultures in Different Countries D. Different Guest-host Relationships in Different Cultures 【答案】29. D 30. B 31. D 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述了中西方在待客之道上的文化差异。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据“In China, guests are almost like gods. Whenever I enter a Chinese friend’s home, there is always fruit on the table for me, and someone is quick to bring me a cup of tea or water.”可知，在中国，客人被视为“神”一样的存在，会受到热情款待，因此西方客人到中国家庭做客时，会感受到自己像“神”一样被对待。故选D。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“In most North American homes, if you are a guest, and the hosts are not smokers, you should not smoke in their house. At the very least, you should ask, ‘Is it OK if I smoke?’ But don’t be surprised if they say, ‘No, you can’t smoke.’”可知，如果作者家里不允许吸烟，他会直接拒绝客人的吸烟请求。故选B。 【31题详解】 最佳标题题。全文通过对比中西方在待客之道上的差异，探讨了不同文化背景下主客关系的不同。因此，最合适的标题是“不同文化中的主客关系差异”。故选D。 C Some British and American people like to invite friends for a meal at home. You should not be upset (不安的) if your English friends don’t invite you home. It doesn’t mean they don’t like you. Sometimes they just can’t afford to do so. Dinner parties usually start between 7 p. m. and 8 p. m. and end at about 11 p. m. Ask your hosts what time you should arrive. It’s polite to bring flowers, a box of chocolates or a bottle of wine as a gift. Usually the evening starts with drinks and snacks. If you want to be extra polite, say how much you like the room, or the pictures on the wall. But remember: it’s not polite to ask how much things cost. In many families, the host sits at one end of the table and the hostess sits at the other end. They eat with their guests. You’ll probably start the meal with soup or something small. Then you’ll have meat or fish with vegetables, and then dessert (甜点), followed by coffee. It’s polite to finish everything on your plate and to take more if you want. Did you enjoy the evening? Call your hosts the next day, or write them a short thank-you letter. British and American people like to say “thank you” all the time! 32. It’s impolite to _________. A. ask about the price of a certain thing B. say “thank you” to hosts C. take a gift with you when you are invited to dinner D. eat up everything on your plate 33. The meal usually ends with _________. A. soup B. coffee C. meat or fish D. dessert 34. When you are invited to a dinner party, you’d better _________. A. ask what time you should arrive B. take your wife with you C. drink as much as possible D. eat a lot of snacks 35. Which of the following is TRUE? A The hosts like the people who sit closer to them. B. The hosts like the people who ask them time, price, age, etc. C. The host and the hostess usually sit together. D. You can call your hosts the next day or write a letter of thanks after that. 【答案】32. A 33. B 34. A 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在英国和美国人家中用餐的一些习俗和礼仪，包括如何应对邀请、用餐时间、礼物、餐桌礼仪以及事后的感谢方式等。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据“But remember: it’s not polite to ask how much things cost.”可知，询问某物价格是不礼貌的。故选A。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据“You’ll probably start the meal with soup or something small. Then you’ll have meat or fish with vegetables, and then dessert (甜点), followed by coffee.”可知，这顿饭通常以咖啡结束。故选B。 【34题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Ask your hosts what time you should arrive.”可知，当你被邀请参加晚宴时，你最好问一下你应该什么时候到达。故选A。 【35题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Call your hosts the next day, or write them a short thank-you letter.”可知，你可以在第二天给主人打电话，或者在那之后写一封感谢信。故选D。 阅读短文，从短文后A至F六个选项中选出五个可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Manuel Vera, who lives in Maryland, is 74 years old. He thinks that homes must be full of old bikes because bikes are good memories of home and love. ____36____ He said, “I grew up in Peru. My father taught me to ride. I remember when my father first let go of the bike. ____37____ I could go wherever my bike might take me.” ____38____ Children grow up and don’t need them any more. Some people stop riding them because of more cars. Manuel Vera felt kind of sad. ____39____ He would try to get these old bikes back on the road. In 2020, he sent a message to his neighbors. It said he would fix their bikes for free. Mr Vera fixed 104 bicycles in 2020. He ran out of bikes to work on. ____40____ He asked if people had unused bikes in the message. He would fix them up and give them away. Mr Vera gives the bikes away at a park. He says its the perfect place. Sometimes, Mr Vera will see a bicycle he fixed. “Every old bike is shining with good memories of love,” he said with his eyes shining. A. An idea came to his mind. B. It was a surprise to ride by myself. C. That makes him think of his childhood. D. In January 2021, he sent another message around. E. All his neighbours are thankful to him for doing this. F. As time goes by, bikes are disappearing in people’s life. 【答案】36. C 37. B 38. F 39. A 40. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了70多岁高龄的Manuel Vera认为旧单车是爱的美好记忆以及他让自行车重回道路所做的努力。 【36题详解】 根据“He thinks that homes must be full of old bikes because bikes are good memories of home and love.”可知，此处应该回忆父亲教骑车的童年经历。选项C“这使他想起了他的童年。”符合语境。故选C。 【37题详解】 根据“I remember when my father first let go of the bike.”可知，此处描述父亲第一次放手时他的感受。选项B“我一个人骑马真是个惊喜。”符合语境。故选B。 【38题详解】 根据“Children grow up and don’t need them any more.”可知，此处应该总结这一现象，引出Manuel的惋惜。选项F“随着时间的流逝，自行车逐渐消失在人们的生活中。”符合语境。故选F。 【39题详解】 根据“He ran out of bikes to work on.”以及后文的“He asked if people had unused bikes in the message.”可知，此处应该说明他决定采取行动。选项A“他想到了一个主意。”符合语境。故选A。 【40题详解】 根据“He asked if people had unused bikes in the message. He would fix them up and give them away.”可知，此处应该补充后续行动。选项D“2021年1月，他又发了一条信息。”符合语境。故选D。 四、词语运用（共15小题；每小题一分，满分15分） 选用方框内的单词或词组填空，其中有一个单词或词组是多与选项。 in public, was born with, push in, achieve our dreams, confident 41. Jenny has become __________ since she won first prize in the competition. 42. Amy __________ a good voice, so she can sing well. 43. Working hard can help us __________. 44. Do people in the UK behave politely __________? 45. British people think it’s rude to __________ before others. They always queue. 【答案】41. confident 42. was born with 43. achieve our dreams 44. in public 45. push in 【解析】 【41题详解】 句意：自从珍妮在比赛中获得第一名后，她变得自信了。根据“since she won first prize in the competition.”可知，应该说她变得自信，备选词confident“自信的”，作表语。故填confident。 【42题详解】 句意：艾米生来就有一副好嗓子，所以她唱得很好。根据“a good voice, so she can sing well.”可知，应该说艾米生来就有一副好嗓子，备选词was born with“与生俱来”符合题意，描述过去的动作，为一般过去时，故填was born with。 【43题详解】 句意：努力工作可以帮助我们实现梦想。根据“Working hard can help us”可知，此处是说努力工作能帮助我们实现梦想，备选词achieve our dreams“实现我们的梦想”符合题意，help sb do“帮助某人做”，因此填动词原形。故填achieve our dreams。 【44题详解】 句意：英国人在公共场合表现得有礼貌吗？根据“Do people in the UK behave politely”并结合备选词汇，此处可以问英国人在公共场合表现得有礼貌吗，备选词in public“公开地，当众”符合题意。故填in public。 【45题详解】 句意：英国人认为插队是不礼貌的。他们总是排队。根据“British people think it’s rude to”以及“They always queue.”可知，此处是说英国人认为插队不礼貌，备选词push in“插队”符合题意，设空处前是不定式符号to，接动词原形。故填push in。 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词，或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 In my life, the person who has influenced me most is my father. My father is in his ____46____ (fifty). He never smokes or drinks. He ____47____ (work) in a local factory for years. You will not find anything ____48____ (usual) about him until you learn more. He works carefully all the time, ____49____ he is respected (尊重) by his workmates. My father has always been kind and helpful. He gave our TV to a family who could not afford one. Whenever he has some money left, he ____50____ (give) it to someone in need. My father has donated blood many times since we moved here. The blood he has donated is much enough ____51____ (save) over 70 lives. ____52____ my surprise, he has decided to donate his body for medical research (医学研究) after his ____53____ (die). When I was a little girl, I could not understand why my father always seemed to be ____54____ (kind) to others than to his own family. Now I realize that he owns ____55____ heart full of love. 【答案】46. fifties 47. has worked 48. unusual 49. so 50. gives 51. to save 52. To 53. death 54. kinder 55. a 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍了作者的父亲，他善良、乐于助人且充满爱心。 【46题详解】 句意：我父亲五十多岁了。表示年龄阶段用“in one’s+整十的复数”，“fifty”变为复数形式fifties，即“五十多岁”。故填fifties。 【47题详解】 句意：他在当地一家工厂工作多年。根据“for years”可知，需用现在完成时。主语“he”是第三人称单数，动词填过去分词。故填has worked。 【48题详解】 句意：在你了解更多情况之前，你不会发现他有什么不寻常之处。根据“You will not find anything”可知此处指的你不会发现他有什么不寻常之处，usual变否定形式为unusual“不寻常的”。故填unusual。 【49题详解】 句意：他一直工作认真，所以他很受同事们的尊敬。根据“He works carefully all the time”以及“he is respected (尊重) by his workmates.”可知，前后句为因果关系，填连词so。故填so。 【50题详解】 句意：每当他有余钱时，他就把钱给需要的人。“whenever”表示习惯性动作，为一般现在时，主语是“he”，动词填三单形式。故填gives。 【51题详解】 句意：他捐献的血液足以挽救70多条生命。“enough to do”为固定结构，意为“足以……”，因此填不定式，故填to save。 【52题详解】 句意：令我惊讶是，他决定死后捐献遗体用于医学研究。“To one’s surprise”固定搭配，意为“令人惊讶的是”，故填To。 【53题详解】 句意：令我惊讶的是，他决定死后捐献遗体用于医学研究。形容词性物主代词“his”后接名词，die的名词形式为death。故填death。 【54题详解】 句意：当我还是个小女孩的时候，我不明白为什么我的父亲似乎总是对别人比对自己的家人好。后文有“than”，需比较级，kind变比较级为kinder，故填kinder。 【55题详解】 句意：现在我意识到他有一颗充满爱的心。“heart”是可数名词单数，且是辅音音素开头的单词，此处泛指“一颗充满爱的心”，故填a。 阅读表达 阅读下面的短文, 根据短文内容回答问题。 Obey the rules of British roads British roads, some of the safest in the world. A study in 2018 compared more than 30 countries and found that 3.8 people per 100,000 died in traffic accidents in the UK. This number was lower than any other country. So, what did British drivers do to achieve this? What are they doing differently? Here are five top tips for drivers who are planning a trip to the UK. People in Britain drive on the left side of the road. In fact, a long time ago people drove on the left in most countries, but now only a few countries have this. Don't forget that this also means you must drive the other way around roundabouts ( 环岛) . British people feel that waiting should be fair for everybody. If you are in a queue of traffic, then don't try to push past the cars in front of yours. This is called "jumping the queue". You must wait for your turn; otherwise people may get angry with you. You must stop at the traffic lights when they are red. In many countries. it is OK to go past the red lights if you are turning a corner or if there isn't any other traffic around. In the UK you could have a lot of trouble if you do this. If another driver flashes (闪烁) his cars lights at you, he is probably trying to tell you that he will wait for you to go first. British people don't like to use their car horn ( 喇叭) much and they think people who do so are rude. If you get in an accident, don't try to pay the police. The police in the UK never take money, and if you try to offer them some, you could end your holiday visiting British prison. 回答下面5个问题，每题答案不超过六个词。 56. How many tips are mentioned in the passage? __________________________________________________________ 57. Which side do British people drive on? __________________________________________________________ 58. If you jump the queue, how will other drivers feel? __________________________________________________________ 59. What does the driver probably mean if he flashes his car's lights at you? __________________________________________________________ 60. If you give the police money, what will happen to you? __________________________________________________________ 【答案】56. Five. 57. On the left. 58. They may feel angry. 59. He will follow you. 60. You’ll be in prison. 【解析】 【分析】本文介绍了遵守英国道路规则。英国道路，世界上最安全的道路之一。以下是给计划去英国旅行的司机的五个最适合的建议。（1）英国人在路的左边开车。（2）不要“插队”。你必须等待轮到你，否则人们可能会生你的气。（3）红灯亮时，你必须在红绿灯处停车。（4）如果另一个司机向你闪烁车灯，他很可能会告诉你他会等你先去。（5）如果你出了事故，不要试图付钱给警察。 【56题详解】 细节理解题。根据Here are five top tips for drivers who are planning a trip to the UK. 以下是五个最适合计划去英国旅行的司机的建议。可知，文章中提到了5个小贴士。故答案为Five. 【57题详解】 细节理解题。根据People in Britain drive on the left side of the road. 可知，英国人在路的左边开车。故答案为On the left. 【58题详解】 细节理解题。根据You must wait for your turn; otherwise people may get angry with you. 可知，你必须等待轮到你，否则人们可能会生你的气。故答案为They may feel angry. 【59题详解】 细节理解题。根据If another driver flashes (闪烁) his cars lights at you, he is probably trying to tell you that he will wait for you to go first. 可知，如果另一个司机向你闪动（闪烁），他的车就会亮起来，他很可能会告诉你他会等你先过去。故答案为He will follow you. 【60题详解】 推理判断题。由句子The police in the UK never take money, and if you try to offer them some, you could end your holiday visiting British prison. 英国警察从不收钱，如果你想给他们一些钱，你可以结束你在英国的假期而去监狱坐牢。故答案为You’ll be in prison. 【点睛】回答问题的任务型阅读 该题型是给同学们呈现一段阅读资料，然后设置几个问题，做题时，我们应该先浏览一下问题，心中对所给任务有一个初步的了解，带着问题去阅读，有针对性地阅读，提高阅读效率。 一、阅读全文，了解大意 在做任务型阅读题时，同学们应先浏览文章后所提出的问题，在浏览过任务后，应迅速回头阅读全文了解文章的主要内容，作者想表述的观点，情感等。 二、寻找细节，逐题攻克 对于任务型阅读中的细节考查题，需要同学们有对语言的理解和分析能力，并带着问题回到阅读材料中，采用跳读的方式来寻找细节所在的段落，然后锁定目标段落，寻找总结自己所要的答案。 此外，同学们在答题和书写方面还要注意以下几点： 1. 作答时，要遵循的原则就是：能简略回答的，尽量简略回答。 2. 书写要规范整洁。句子开头首字母要大写；标点符号要规范，单词拼写要正确无误；注意时态的呼应和人称的转变。 3. 做出适当调整。在回答时，同学们应对照题目，根据需要对句子的人称、单复数、时态、语态、词性、主谓搭配等做出适当的调整。 4. 词数的要求。尽量不要超过要求的词数。 三、通读全文，仔细检查 在完成所有的答题任务后，同学们一定要检查一下自己的答案：是否存在书写问题，首字母是否大写，人称单复数是否按照要求书写，时态、语态、词性、主谓搭配是否正确，要避免不必要的失分。 六、连词成句（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 61. now, to learn about, enough, old, manners, you’re (.) ______________________________________________________________________. 【答案】Now you’re old enough to learn about manners 【解析】 【详解】根据所给词汇及“（.）”可知，本句是一个陈述句，为主系表结构。“You’re”是“You are”的缩写形式，意为“你是” ，在句中作主语和系动词；“old enough”是固定搭配，意为“足够大”，“enough”修饰形容词“old”要后置，这里描述主语“you”的状态；“to learn about manners”是动词不定式短语，作结果状语，表明“足够大”的结果是“学习礼仪”；时间状语“now”置于句首，首字母大写，故填Now you’re old enough to learn about manners“现在你年龄足够大了，可以去学习礼仪了”。 62. you’re, old, too, never, to learn ________________________________. 【答案】You’re never too old to learn 【解析】 【详解】根据所给词及标点可知，此句为陈述句；you’re“你是”；never“从不”；too…to“太……而不能”，too后接形容词old“老的”，to后接动词原形learn“学习”。故填You’re never too old to learn“活到老，学到老”。 63. Do, with your mouth open, eat, with, not, food or, in your mouth, talk ______________________________. 【答案】Do not eat with your mouth open or talk with food in your mouth##Do not talk with food in your mouth or eat with your mouth open 【解析】 【详解】分析所给单词和标点可知，该句是祈使句。用“Do not”开头，后接动词原形；用“or”连接两个禁止的行为，eat with your mouth open“吃东西时张着嘴”；talk with food in your mouth“嘴里含着食物说话”。故填Do not eat with your mouth open or talk with food in your mouth/Do not talk with food in your mouth or eat with your mouth open“不要张着嘴吃东西或嘴里含着食物说话/不要嘴里含着食物说话或张开嘴吃东西”。 64. the, do something for, meaningful, it, to, Olympic Games, is ____________________________________________________________. 【答案】It is meaningful to do something for the Olympic Games 【解析】 【详解】根据标点符号和所给词汇可知，该句为肯定句，此处使用it固定句型“It is+形容词+to do sth.”，表示“做某事是……的”；it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语；meaningful“有意义的”，形容词；to do something“做点什么”；for“为了”，介词；the Olympic Games“奥林匹克运动会”。故填It is meaningful to do something for the Olympic Games“为奥运会做点什么是有意义的”。 65. the government, what, for, homeless, will, do, people (?) ______________________________? 【答案】What will the government do for homeless people 【解析】 【详解】分析所给单词和标点，该句是特殊疑问句。What“什么”，疑问副词；will“将”，助动词；the government“政府”，主语；do“做”，谓语；for homeless people“为无家可归的人”，介词短语。故填What will the government do for homeless people“政府将为无家可归的人做些什么”。 七、书面表达（满分20分） 66. 请你以校学生会的名义就“创建文明校园”这一主题，根据下列提示用英语写一封倡议书。要点提示如下： 1．保持教室的整洁，离开时不要让灯一直开着，上课时不要插话； 2．不在公共场所大声喧哗，在图书馆保持安静；（拓展一至两点） 3．遵守交通规则，自觉排队； 4．就餐时举止有礼，直到每个人都准备好了才开始吃……（拓展一至两点）。 注意： 1．词数90词左右； 2．短文需包含文中所有要点，不需要逐字逐句翻译，可适当发挥； 3．表达清楚，语法正确。 Dear schoolmates, Our school is trying to be a better place for all of us. We know good manners are really important. And we can do something for it.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Students’ Union 【答案】范文： Dear schoolmates, Our school is trying to be a better place for all of us. We know good manners are really important, and we can do something for it. First, we should keep our classrooms clean. When leaving, remember to turn off the lights. During class, we shouldn’t talk or interrupt others. Second, we should speak softly in public places and keep quiet in the library. Also, we must obey traffic rules and wait in line patiently. When having meals, we should behave politely and wait until everyone is ready before eating. Besides, we should respect our teachers and help our classmates. Let’s work together to build a civilized campus! The Students’ Union 【解析】 【详解】[总体分析] ① 题材：本文是一篇材料作文； ② 时态：主要使用“一般现在时”； ③ 提示：写作提示已给出，不要遗漏需要自行补充的内容，可适当增加细节，并突出写作重点。 [写作步骤] 第一步，开篇引出主题，说明文明礼仪的重要性； 第二步，提出具体建议，包括保持教室整洁、遵守课堂纪律、在公共场所保持安静等； 第三步，进一步提出文明出行和就餐礼仪的要求； 第四步，发出号召，希望大家共同努力建设文明校园。 [亮点词汇] ① turn off 关上 ② in public places 在公共场合 ③ wait in line 排队等待 ④ work together 齐心协力 [高分句型] ① We know good manners are really important. （宾语从句） ② When leaving, remember to turn off the lights. （祈使句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2023～2024学年度第二学期第二次学情检测八年级英语试题 （本卷共6页，满分为110分，考试时间为90分钟） 一、选择填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 从ABCD四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. You can’t swim if you see the sign ________. A. B. C. D. 2. The tent is _________ for a family of three _________. A. big enough; to live B. enough big; to live in it C. big enough; to live in D. enough big; live in 3. When in Rome, do ________ the Romans do. A. like B. with C. as D. follow 4. –Dad, it’s difficult for me to clean the whole yard on my own. -Why not ask your brother for help? __________________ A. No pain, no gain B. Every dog has its day C. The early bird catches the worm D. many hands make light work 5. —Can you give me some advice on how to behave myself at table? —Well, I do have some. ________, please keep quiet while eating. A. In all B. Of all C. At all D. Above all 6. —What are these young girls doing? —They are training ________ volunteers ________ the coming sports meeting. A. to be; to B. as; to C. for; for D. to be; for 7. The people who are more confident have more____to make themselves successful. A. education B. chances C. pride D. excuses 8. Henry was very excited when he won a gold, because he ________ his dream at last. A. came up B. came down C. came true D. achieved 9. It’s ________ for volunteers to receive training before doing the tasks. A. special B. necessary C. possible D. comfortable 10. -- I find it difficult to learn English well. I want to drop it. -- English is very important in our daily life. Never _______. A. give up it B. give it up C. give away it D. give it away 二、完形填空（共15题；每小题1分，满分15分） China is a nation of etiquette (礼仪). Chinese people are ____11____ the most hospitable (好客的) people in the world. If ____12____ visit a Chinese family, they would be ____13____ at the warmth that they would receive as guests. When you visit a Chinese family, the host usually makes tea for you and ____14____ you snacks like biscuits or candy. Someone in the family will also chat with you, never letting you feel ____15____. At the same time, other family members will be busy ____16____ a meal for you. Chinese people treat their guests ____17____ a big meal. They always give more food than the guests can eat. At table, the guests must be the ____18____ to eat. Perhaps one of the things that surprises a(n) ____19____ guest most is that the Chinese host likes to pick food for guests, which won’t happen at Western tables. The Chinese family ____20____ to make you feel at home. As you finish eating, the host usually says, “It seems that you didn’t eat much. Please have ____21____.” You tell them you are full, ____22____ they still put more food in your bowl. ____23____ warm and hospitable (好客) has been an important part of Chinese culture and tradition. As Confucius (孔子) said ____24____ years ago: To meet friends from afar, how ____25____ we are! 11. A. between B. among C. during D. on 12. A. foreign B. foreigner C. foreigners D. neighbour 13. A. surprised B. surprise C. surprising D. surprises 14. A. serve B. serving C. serves D. to serve 15. A. lonely B. alone C. happy D. pleasant 16. A. prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. to prepare 17. A. with B. as C. for D. from 18. A. first B. second C. last D. beginning 19. A. eastern B. southern C. northern D. Western 20. A. get in their way B. go out of their way C. lose their way D. go their way 21. A. more B. less C. many D. much 22. A. although B. but C. because D. so 23. A. Be B. Been C. Being D. To be 24. A. thousands of B. thousand C. a thousand D. thousands 25. A. happily B. unhappy C. happy D. unhappily 三、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） A）阅读下面三篇短文，从短文后各题所给的A/B/C/D四个选项中，选择最佳选项 Volunteers Are Needed Clean People’s Park! We need five people who are strong and can help clean up People’s Park. We need help to collect rubbish. If you are free for four hours this weekend, come and join us! Tel: 0398-8651518 Email: park699@126.com Teach Music! We need three volunteers to work as music teachers in SOS Children’s Villages. You need to be good at singing and dancing. You also need to be glad to accept different opinions. That is to say, you need to be open-minded with a loving heart. If you are free for two hours every weekend, join us! Tel: 0398-8858518 Email:1ovekids@sina.com Help Old People! We need four volunteers to help at Xinxin Nursing Home. You need to be good with older people. Your job is to wash clothes for them. If you can spare three hours on May 6, come and join us! Tel: 0398-8656869 Email: homelove@163.com 26. Volunteers help to ________ in People’s Park. A. teach music B. learn music C. collect rubbish D. wash clothes 27. volunteers are needed in total according to the passage. A. Three B. Four C. Five D. Twelve 28. Where can we probably read the passage? A. In a textbook. B. In a storybook. C. On the Internet. D. In a science report. B In the eyes of many foreigners, Chinese are the best hosts and the worst guests in the world. And Western hosts sometimes look rude in the eyes of Chinese guests. It is because the guest-host relationship in China is quite different from that in some Western countries. In China, guests are almost like gods. Whenever I enter a Chinese friend’s home, there is always fruit on the table for me, and someone is quick to bring me a cup of tea or water. In the West, generally the guest is not a god. Acting according to the host’s way of doing things is usual behavior for a guest. My wife’s mother, a very kind Chinese lady, doesn’t smoke. When I see some of her guests smoking in her house, as a non-smoker, I feel unhappy. Usually, I want to stop them directly, but I must realize that in China, to be a good host, she must not do that. In most North American homes, if you are a guest, and the hosts are not smokers, you should not smoke in their house. At the very least, you should ask, “Is it OK if I smoke?” But don’t be surprised if they say, “No, you can’t smoke.” In my culture, if you smoke in their house, you are a bad guest, but if they don’t allow you to smoke in their house, they are not rude hosts. In a word, no matter where you are, the best way to be a good guest is to adapt to (适应) the habits of your hosts. 29. When a Western guest visits a Chinese family, he often _________. A. buys some fruit B. brings a cup of tea C. smokes D. feels like a god 30 What will the writer probably say if a guest wants to smoke in his house? A. Let’s smoke together. B. Sorry, you can’t smoke here. C. Smoking is a bad habit. D. It’s OK if you smoke here. 31. What is the best title of the passage? A. The Best Hosts B. The Best Guests C. Different Cultures in Different Countries D. Different Guest-host Relationships in Different Cultures C Some British and American people like to invite friends for a meal at home. You should not be upset (不安的) if your English friends don’t invite you home. It doesn’t mean they don’t like you. Sometimes they just can’t afford to do so. Dinner parties usually start between 7 p. m. and 8 p. m. and end at about 11 p. m. Ask your hosts what time you should arrive. It’s polite to bring flowers, a box of chocolates or a bottle of wine as a gift. Usually the evening starts with drinks and snacks. If you want to be extra polite, say how much you like the room, or the pictures on the wall. But remember: it’s not polite to ask how much things cost. In many families, the host sits at one end of the table and the hostess sits at the other end. They eat with their guests. You’ll probably start the meal with soup or something small. Then you’ll have meat or fish with vegetables, and then dessert (甜点), followed by coffee. It’s polite to finish everything on your plate and to take more if you want. Did you enjoy the evening? Call your hosts the next day, or write them a short thank-you letter. British and American people like to say “thank you” all the time! 32. It’s impolite to _________. A. ask about the price of a certain thing B. say “thank you” to hosts C take a gift with you when you are invited to dinner D. eat up everything on your plate 33. The meal usually ends with _________. A. soup B. coffee C. meat or fish D. dessert 34. When you are invited to a dinner party, you’d better _________. A. ask what time you should arrive B. take your wife with you C. drink as much as possible D. eat a lot of snacks 35. Which of the following is TRUE? A. The hosts like the people who sit closer to them. B. The hosts like the people who ask them time, price, age, etc. C. The host and the hostess usually sit together. D. You can call your hosts the next day or write a letter of thanks after that. 阅读短文，从短文后A至F六个选项中选出五个可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Manuel Vera, who lives in Maryland, is 74 years old. He thinks that homes must be full of old bikes because bikes are good memories of home and love. ____36____ He said, “I grew up in Peru. My father taught me to ride. I remember when my father first let go of the bike. ____37____ I could go wherever my bike might take me.” ____38____ Children grow up and don’t need them any more. Some people stop riding them because of more cars. Manuel Vera felt kind of sad. ____39____ He would try to get these old bikes back on the road. In 2020, he sent a message to his neighbors. It said he would fix their bikes for free. Mr Vera fixed 104 bicycles in 2020. He ran out of bikes to work on. ____40____ He asked if people had unused bikes in the message. He would fix them up and give them away. Mr Vera gives the bikes away at a park. He says its the perfect place. Sometimes, Mr Vera will see a bicycle he fixed. “Every old bike is shining with good memories of love,” he said with his eyes shining. A. An idea came to his mind. B. It was a surprise to ride by myself. C. That makes him think of his childhood. D. In January 2021, he sent another message around. E. All his neighbours are thankful to him for doing this. F. As time goes by, bikes are disappearing in people’s life. 四、词语运用（共15小题；每小题一分，满分15分） 选用方框内的单词或词组填空，其中有一个单词或词组是多与选项。 in public, was born with, push in, achieve our dreams, confident 41 Jenny has become __________ since she won first prize in the competition. 42. Amy __________ a good voice, so she can sing well. 43. Working hard can help us __________. 44. Do people in the UK behave politely __________? 45. British people think it’s rude to __________ before others. They always queue. 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词，或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 In my life, the person who has influenced me most is my father. My father is in his ____46____ (fifty). He never smokes or drinks. He ____47____ (work) in a local factory for years. You will not find anything ____48____ (usual) about him until you learn more. He works carefully all the time, ____49____ he is respected (尊重) by his workmates. My father has always been kind and helpful. He gave our TV to a family who could not afford one. Whenever he has some money left, he ____50____ (give) it to someone in need. My father has donated blood many times since we moved here. The blood he has donated is much enough ____51____ (save) over 70 lives. ____52____ my surprise, he has decided to donate his body for medical research (医学研究) after his ____53____ (die). When I was a little girl, I could not understand why my father always seemed to be ____54____ (kind) to others than to his own family. Now I realize that he owns ____55____ heart full of love. 阅读表达 阅读下面的短文, 根据短文内容回答问题。 Obey the rules of British roads British roads, some of the safest in the world. A study in 2018 compared more than 30 countries and found that 3.8 people per 100,000 died in traffic accidents in the UK. This number was lower than any other country. So, what did British drivers do to achieve this? What are they doing differently? Here are five top tips for drivers who are planning a trip to the UK. People in Britain drive on the left side of the road. In fact, a long time ago people drove on the left in most countries, but now only a few countries have this. Don't forget that this also means you must drive the other way around roundabouts ( 环岛) . British people feel that waiting should be fair for everybody. If you are in a queue of traffic, then don't try to push past the cars in front of yours. This is called "jumping the queue". You must wait for your turn; otherwise people may get angry with you. You must stop at the traffic lights when they are red. In many countries. it is OK to go past the red lights if you are turning a corner or if there isn't any other traffic around. In the UK you could have a lot of trouble if you do this. If another driver flashes (闪烁) his cars lights at you, he is probably trying to tell you that he will wait for you to go first. British people don't like to use their car horn ( 喇叭) much and they think people who do so are rude. If you get in an accident, don't try to pay the police. The police in the UK never take money, and if you try to offer them some, you could end your holiday visiting British prison. 回答下面5个问题，每题答案不超过六个词。 56. How many tips are mentioned in the passage? __________________________________________________________ 57. Which side do British people drive on? __________________________________________________________ 58. If you jump the queue, how will other drivers feel? __________________________________________________________ 59. What does the driver probably mean if he flashes his car's lights at you? __________________________________________________________ 60. If you give the police money, what will happen to you? __________________________________________________________ 六、连词成句（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 61. now to learn about, enough, old, manners, you’re (.) ______________________________________________________________________. 62. you’re, old, too, never, to learn ________________________________. 63. Do with your mouth open, eat, with, not, food or, in your mouth, talk ______________________________. 64. the, do something for, meaningful, it, to, Olympic Games, is ____________________________________________________________. 65. the government, what, for, homeless, will, do, people (?) ______________________________? 七、书面表达（满分20分） 66. 请你以校学生会的名义就“创建文明校园”这一主题，根据下列提示用英语写一封倡议书。要点提示如下： 1．保持教室的整洁，离开时不要让灯一直开着，上课时不要插话； 2．不在公共场所大声喧哗，在图书馆保持安静；（拓展一至两点） 3．遵守交通规则，自觉排队； 4．就餐时举止有礼，直到每个人都准备好了才开始吃……（拓展一至两点）。 注意： 1．词数90词左右； 2．短文需包含文中所有要点，不需要逐字逐句翻译，可适当发挥； 3．表达清楚，语法正确。 Dear schoolmates, Our school is trying to be a better place for all of us. We know good manners are really important. And we can do something for it.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Students’ Union 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$