Unit 6 Section Ⅰ Starting out&Understanding ideas-【正禾一本通】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（外研版2019）

Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas 速读明大意 Ⅰ.Skim the text and fill in the blanks. Ⅱ.What's the main idea of the text? The main idea of the text is that the author is worried about the dangers of extreme weather conditions． 精读知细节 Choose the best answer according to the text. 1．Why does the author mention the newspaper title? A．To tell us something about the weather. B．To show that the newspaper is free. C．To introduce the topic of this passage. D．To tell us the Tube is very hot. 2．Why does the author feel uncomfortable in the Tube? A．Because he is wearing a suit today. B．Because he had special food for breakfast. C．Because he can make it to Bank station soon. D.Because there are many people and there's no air conditioning. 3．Which disaster is NOT mentioned in Paragraph 4? A．A hurricane. B．Landslides. C．Forest fires. D．An earthquake. 4．How does the author feel about the reports of natural disasters around the world? A．Excited. B．Relaxed. C．Shocked. D．Embarrassed. 答案：1～4　CDDC 读后悟考点 Ⅰ.扫词汇障碍 熟词生义 sick(Para.2) (常见义)adj.生病的→(文章义)adj.恶心 构词法 platform plat(平的)＋form(形状，外形)→n.站台 definitely definite(确定的)＋­ly(副词后缀)→adv.无疑地 scared scare(惊吓；使害怕)＋­(e)d(形容词后缀)→adj.感到害怕的 announcement announce(宣布，宣告；通知)＋­ment(名词后缀)→n.通告，公告 Ⅱ.破译长难句 [教材1]　It's lovely at the beach，but not so when you're wearing a suit and in a crowd of passengers! [分析]　本句为but连接的并列句。第二个分句中when引导时间状语从句。 [翻译]　这样(的温度)在海滩上会很舒服，但是当你穿着西装和一群乘客挤在一起时就并非如此了！ [教材2]　Now that it's hard to avoid a disaster on Earth，perhaps I should start thinking about moving to space... [分析]　本句为复合句。now that引导原因状语从句，it作形式主语，不定式短语to avoid a disaster on Earth作真正的主语；动名词短语thinking about moving to space作动词start的宾语。 [翻译]　既然地球上很难避免灾难，也许我应该开始考虑搬到太空了…… [教材3]　Looking through my newspaper，I'm shocked by photos showing that a hurricane in Asia has destroyed a town. [分析]　本句为复合句。looking through my newspaper为现在分词短语作状语；showing that a hurricane in Asia has destroyed a town为现在分词短语作后置定语；that引导宾语从句。 [翻译]　翻阅报纸的时候，看到显示亚洲的一场飓风摧毁了一个城镇的照片，我感到震惊。 Ⅲ.学表达技巧 气温描写 [教材1]　The average high temperature in July is only 22 degrees, so over 30 is not usual for London. [分析]　句中黑体部分详细描述了当天的气温情况“超过30度的高温对于伦敦来说太不寻常了”。气温描写可以渲染气氛、烘托人物的心情等。 [仿写]　尝用气温描写试补全句子 到上午10点左右，气温已超过100华氏度了。 By mid­morning, the temperature was already above 100 degrees Fahrenheit. 夸张修辞 [教材2]　Sure enough, going down the stairs and onto the platform is like jumping into a volcano that's erupting. [分析]　句中黑体部分使用了夸张修辞，表达了“迈上月台就像是跳进正在喷发的火山”。夸张是对事物的形象、特征、作用、程度等方面着意夸大，创造意境，引起读者的联想和强烈共鸣。 [仿写]　尝试用夸张修辞补全句子 我太累了，可以睡一个星期。 I'm so tired that I can sleep for a week． 省略形式 [教材3]　It's lovely at the beach, but not so when you're wearing a suit and in a crowd of passengers! [分析]　句中not so是“it's not lovely”的省略形式，表达了“在海滩上很舒适，但当你穿着西装，和一群乘客挤在一起就并非如此了”。两个并列句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。 [仿写]　尝试用省略形式补全句子 那就是五十年后你要变成的样子，但我知道你现在还不是这样。 That's what you'll come to fifty years，but I know you are not so now. 高频词汇练全 immediately adv.即刻，马上 conj.一……就…… (1)immediate adj.立即的；目前的；迫切的 (2)表示“一……就……”的词或短语有：the moment/the minute/the second/the instant；immediately/directly/instantly；as soon as/hardly...when.../no sooner...than...；on/upon＋n./doing等。 【练透】　单句语法填空/一句多译 ①To her great relief, the officer immediately (immediate) realized the coming danger.(选自译林B3U2) ②他一到达电影院，电影就开始了。 ②－1 Immediately he arrived at the cinema, the film had begun.(immediately) ②－2 Hardly had he arrived at the cinema when the film began.(hardly，倒装) ②－3 No sooner had he arrived at the cinema than the film began.(sooner，倒装) ②－4 On/Upon his arriving/arrival at the cinema, the film began.(on/upon＋n./doing) occur v．发生；出现 (1)sth.occur(s) to sb.某人(突然)想起某事 (2)It occurs to sb.that.../to do sth....某人突然想起/想起做…… (3)表示“某人想到……”还可以用下列句式： ①It strikes/hits sb.that... ②Sth.strike(s) sb. ③Sth.come(s) to sb. ④Sb.hit(s) on/upon sth. 【练透】　单句语法填空/一句多译 ①It immediately occurred to her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami.(选自译林B3U2) ②他突然想到，他可以为那些被困在家里的人做些事情。 ②－1 It occurred to him that he could do something for people who were stuck at home. (occur) ②－2 It hit him that he could do something for people who were stuck at home.(hit) ②－3 It struck him that he could do something for people who were stuck at home.(strike) announcement n．通告，公告；广告 (1)make an announcement 发布宣告或通知 (2)announce vt.宣布，宣称 announce sth.to sb. 向某人宣布某事 announce to sb.that... 向某人宣布…… It is announced that... 据宣布…… 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Mary announced to her teammates that she was to marry a Chinese boy.The announcement of their marriage would appear in the local newspaper next week.(announce) ②定于明天上午八点在大礼堂开会，特此通知。(通知) It is announced that there will be a meeting in the great hall at 8 tomorrow morning. ③我们的老师向我们宣布你下周要来我们学校参观，所以我写信告诉你一些参观的安排。(告知信) Our teacher announces to us that you are coming to visit our school next week，so I am writing to tell you some arrangements of your visit. pick up 拿起，拾起；接人，取物；学会；接收到(信号或声音)；好转；使某人振作 pick on 找别扭，故意刁难 pick out 挑选(人或物)，认出 pick off 采摘 pick over 筛选，精心挑选 【练透】　完成句子 ①今天你能帮我个忙去学校接我弟弟吗？ Could you do me a favour and pick up my brother from school today? ②从全班中选出她来作为去另一所学校的代表。 She was picked out from the whole class to represent them at the other school. ③她觉得老师老是找她麻烦。 She felt that her teacher was always picking on her． 【点拨】　口诀记忆pick up含义： 拿起捡起开车接，接收收听视野开； 好转改善又增强，学到知识也偶然； 商场买到便宜货，想必心情会很high。 compare v．比较，对比，与……相比 (1)compare...with... 把……和……作比较 compare...to... 把……比作……；把……和……作比较 compared to/with 和……相比起来 beyond compare 无与伦比 (2)comparison n．比较 by/in comparison with 和……相比起来 by comparison 比较起来；较之 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Finally, I stopped comparing myself with actresses and models and looking for things that were wrong with my face or body.(选自人教B1U3) ②老师常被比作蜡烛。那是因为他们对工作的投入是无与伦比的。 A teacher is often compared to a candle.That's because their devotion to work is beyond compare． ③与城市交通相比，农村交通发生了翻天覆地的变化。 Compared with urban transportation (＝By/In comparison with urban transportation)，rural transportation has experienced even bigger changes. after all 毕竟；终究 above all 最重要的是；尤其是 first of all 首先 not...at all 根本不；一点也不 not at all 不客气 all in all 总而言之 in all 总共，合计 【练透】　完成语段 我推荐给你的大学是北京语言大学。首先，你来之前最好学一些基本的汉语。毕竟，你将处于完全陌生的环境中。总而言之，在不同的文化中攻读学位一点也不容易。(推荐信) The university I recommend to you is Beijing Language and Culture University.①First of all，you'd better learn some basic Chinese before you come.②After all，you will be under completely unfamiliar circumstances.③All in all，studying for a degree in a different culture is not easy ④at all． 中频词汇练会 Ⅰ.一词多义 1．根据语境选出plus的含义 A．prep.加，加上　B．n.优势，长处　C．adj.(用于数字后面表示)多，余 ①Two plus five is seven. A ②In my 25 years plus as a police officer，I have never seen a more diligent man. C ③Fluency in Italian is a definite plus，but not a requirement. B 2．根据语境选出disaster的含义 ①The play's first night was a total disaster. B ②As a teacher, he's a disaster. C ③They kept a record of earthquake disasters. A Ⅱ.熟词生义——猜测句中加黑词汇的词性及含义 ①He knew little about baseball.The only baseball he saw was on the tube.n.电视机 ②If I heard someone speak ill of me behind my back，I'd erupt and go crazy.vi.(感情、情绪)爆发 重点句式练透 句型公式：过去分词短语作后置定语 (教材原文)One very hot summer, the sun reflected off it and melted cars parked below! 有一年夏天，天气非常炎热，阳光从玻璃上反射出去，把停在楼下的汽车都融化了！ 句中parked below为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词cars。过去分词作定语的用法： (1)单个过去分词及由过去分词构成的复合形容词作定语时，通常置于被修饰词之前，但修饰代词时，需要置于被修饰词之后。过去分词短语作定语要后置，放在被修饰词之后。 (2)过去分词短语作定语，相当于一个定语从句，但它比定语从句更简短。 (3)一些不及物动词也有过去分词形式，由于不及物动词不可以直接跟宾语，所以不及物动词的过去分词作定语时只表示动作的完成，而没有被动语态的意义。 【练透】　句式升级/完成句子 ①The bridge that/which was built two years ago is the second longest in the world. →The bridge built two years ago is the second longest in the world. ②Earth Day, which is marked on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection. →Earth Day, marked on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection. ③这本冒险故事书是用简单的英语写的，适合初学者阅读。 This adventure book，written in simple English, is suitable for beginners. ④他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。 They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard. 句型公式： now that 引导原因状语从句 (教材原文)Now that it's hard to avoid a disaster on Earth, perhaps I should start thinking about moving to space...既然地球上很难避免灾难，也许我应该开始考虑搬到太空了…… 常见的引导原因状语从句的连词的用法比较： (1)because语气最强，表示的是直接的理由，它所引导的从句常放在主句后，也可用来回答why 引导的问句。 (2)as语气较弱，较口语化，表示较明显的原因或已知的事实，它所引导的从句常放在主句前。 (3)since/now that语气较弱，所表示的原因为人们已知的事实，常译为“既然”。since常和now that互换。 (4)for后跟句子时，是并列连词，用来说明、补充解释或表示一种推理，所以for跟从句时不能置于句首。 【练透】　完成句子 ①既然你对中国古典文化感兴趣，我很快就给你寄一本教科书和一些相关的资料。 Since/Now that you're interested in China's classical culture，I will send a textbook and some related materials to you soon. ②由于外面声音嘈杂我睡不着。 I can't get to sleep because there is much noise outside． ③我相信她，因为她肯定不会对我撒谎。 I believed her，for surely she would not lie to me． ④正是因为她赶回家要乘坐的巴士在放学十分钟后就开走，所以当铃声响起时，洛瑞娜匆忙赶了出去。 It was because the bus she caught for home left ten minutes after school that Lorena hurried out when the bell rang. (时间：45分钟　满分：100分) Ⅰ.单词拼写(每题1分，共7分) 1．It is an area where natural disasters (灾难) often happen. 2．It was said that the volcano could erupt (爆发) at any time. 3．The terrible accident occurred (发生) in this street the other day. 4．In the experiment the professor had the glass tube (管子) filled with hydrogen. 5．There are only 35 staff to serve 30，000 plus (多) customers. 6．The police left immediately (即刻), and rushed to the scene of the accident. 7．The hurricane (飓风) is moving to the west at about 18 miles per hour. Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每题1分，共8分) 1．Andrew made an announcement (announce) at the end of the interview last week. 2．Compared (compare) with natural disasters like typhoons and volcanic eruptions, humans are weak. 3．Older people should be forgiven for their difficulty in using electronic devices.After all，they can't adapt themselves to the digital age quickly. 4．It suddenly occurs to me that I forgot to do my task assigned by the teacher. 5．The newspaper sent some reporters to cover the event immediately (immediate) it happened. 6．We live in a world in which only the strongest can make it to the top. 7．The girl standing (stand) near the teacher works hardest of all the girls. 8．We drove to the airport the next morning to pick up Susan. Ⅲ.完成句子/一句多译(每空3.5分，共28分) 1．既然你已经列出了你的优点，那就再列出你的缺点吧。(now that) Now that you've listed your strengths, list your imperfections. 2．当主持人宣布她获奖时，她兴奋极了。 When the host announced that she won the prize, she felt thrilled. 3．这位老师姓沈，她是一位非常热情的女士。(过去分词短语作后置定语) The teacher called Ms Shen is a very enthusiastic woman. 4．他想起他把钥匙落在办公室里了。 ①It occurred to him that he had left his keys in the office.(occur) ②It hit him that he had left his keys in the office.(hit) ③It struck him that he had left his keys in the office.(strike) 5．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷书面表达)与其他校报相比，《青春》(Youth)被认为更有教育意义和吸引力。 ①Compared with/to other school newspapers, Youth is believed to be more instructive and attractive.(compare) ②In comparison with other school newspapers, Youth is believed to be more instructive and attractive.(comparison) Ⅳ.课文语法填空(每题1.5分，共15分) When I am travelling on the London Tube，it is very hot with the temperature 1.reaching (reach) 30 plus degrees outside，2.which makes me feel awful.It is even 3.hotter (hot) inside the train than outside，causing me to feel a bit sick and even melt with 4.the passenger next to me. 5.Thinking (think) that London will probably get hotter，I feel scared.6.To prepare (prepare) for the future，I plan to sell my flat，buy a boat，move my office to the top floor，and even learn to swim immediately. Looking through a newspaper，I'm 7.shocked (shock) by the reports of natural 8.disasters (disaster) around the world，which makes me nervous 9.and consider moving to space.However，going outside，I feel refreshed and think I have been 10.worrying (worry) too much. Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题4分，共32分) A The scientific study of earthquakes is comparatively new.Until the 18th century，few factual descriptions of earthquakes were recorded，and the natural causes of earthquakes were not well understood. The earliest earthquake for which we have descriptive information occurred in China in 1177 BCE.The Chinese earthquake catalog (目录) describes several dozen large earthquakes in China during the next few thousand years.Earthquakes in Europe were mentioned as early as 580 BCE，but the earliest for which we have some descriptive information occurred in the mid­16th century.The earliest known earthquakes in the Americas were in Mexico in the late 14th century and in Peru in 1471，but descriptions of the effects were not well recorded.By the 17th century，descriptions of the effects of earthquakes were being published around the world. The most widely felt earthquakes in the recorded history of North America were a series that occurred in 1811－1812 near New Madrid，Missouri.A great earthquake，whose magnitude(震级) is reported to have been about 8，occurred on the morning of December 16，1811.Another great earthquake occurred on January 23，1812，and a third，the strongest yet，on February 7，1812.Aftershocks(余震) were nearly continuous between these great earthquakes and continued for months afterwards.These earthquakes were felt by people as far away as Boston and Denver. Because the population in these regions was small，the destruction of human life and property was slight. The San Francisco earthquake of 1906 was one of the most destructive in the recorded history of North America—the earthquake and the fire that followed killed nearly 700 people and left the city in ruins. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。本文简要介绍了历史上有记载的几次大地震。 1．When did published descriptions of the effects of earthquakes become popular in the world? A．In the 1300s. B．In the 1400s. C．In the 1500s. D．In the 1600s. 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句可知，到了17世纪，关于地震影响的描述在全世界开始流行，故选D。 2．What do we know about the earthquakes in 1811－1812 in North America? A．They killed a large number of people. B．They occurred in San Francisco. C．They could be felt very far away. D．They almost destroyed entire cities. 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第三段中的倒数第二句可知，1811年到1812年发生的几次地震可以在很远的地方被感受到，故选C。 3．What can we infer from the passage? A．Few earthquakes were scientifically studied before the 18th century. B．Earthquakes can be avoided with the development of technology. C．Most of the early earthquakes caused little damage. D.People haven't found the causes of earthquakes so far. 解析：选A。推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Until the 18th century，few factual descriptions of earthquakes were recorded...”可推断，18世纪以前，很少有地震被记录和研究，故选A。 4．What's the best title for this passage? A．The Scientific Study of Earthquakes B．Earthquakes in History C．The Effects of Earthquakes on Humans D．Why Earthquakes Occur 解析：选B。标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文简要介绍了历史上有记载的几次大地震，故选B。 B Chongqing，a city of more than 32 million people，has faced an unheard­of test this summer with a heat wave and drought causing a series of large wildfires since Aug.17. Local residents have safeguarded their hometown in every way possible，with thousands of volunteers from all walks of life fighting the fires with professionals. Under a very hot sun，some residents used chain saws(锯) to fell trees to make fire barriers. Others rode motorcycles on newly formed paths to take firefighters and supplies up a mountain，while some volunteers carried food and drinks on their backs by foot.Women and children helped organize supplies and clear the ground，and performed other essential tasks. On Thursday night，as wildfires approached a man­made barrier on Jinyun Mountain in Beibei district，a total of more than 1，000 firefighters and volunteers stood alongside the barrier with fire extinguishers. Seen from overhead，their lights formed a silver wall against the raging fire. The residents' stories have touched many people. “Chongqing people are really amazing，” said Du Hailang，head of the Beijing Emergency Rescue Association，an NGO founded in 2007 that has taken part in many overseas rescue operations.Du and 10 other members of the association joined the fire rescue team in Chongqing last week. “The man­made wall was unbelievable，but shocking.It really showed Chinese people's determination to defend their homeland，” Du said. The outstanding work of the volunteers and the hospitality of local residents impressed the firefighters，too... Bai Xueguang，from Gansu Forest Fire Brigade，said，“I never imagined that I would have ice cream and cold drinks at a fire rescue site.” Zhou Hongyu，from Yunnan Forest Fire Brigade，said every volunteer he met at the scene asked him if he needed anything.“It was the first time I had taken a motorcycle to reach a fire scene.We really appreciate the locals' hospitality.Their support has been wonderful，” Zhou said. [语篇解读]本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述今年夏天重庆当地志愿者积极参与对抗森林野火、保护家园的故事。 5．What test that had never happened before did Chongqing face this summer? A．A heat wave. B．Drought. C．Wildfires. D．Flood. 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，今年夏天重庆面临一场前所未有的森林野火的考验。故选C。 6．Why did the local residents actively participate in fighting the fires? A．To show their enthusiasm. B．To impress professional firefighters. C．To get paid from it. D．To protect their homeland. 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，当地居民积极参与救火是为了保护家乡。故选D。 7．Which of the following best describes the volunteers in the fight against wildfires? A．Responsible and helpful. B．Enthusiastic and faithful. C．Reliable and honest. D．Ambitious and determined. 解析：选A。推理判断题。根据第三段中的第一句和第三句可知，这些志愿者在救火工作中是非常有责任心的，且提供了很大帮助。故选A。 8．What can we learn from the report? A．No pains，no gains. B．Hard work pays off. C．Love breaks down barriers. D．Many hands make light work. 解析：选D。推理判断题。根据第一段内容以及后文可知，文章主要讲述今年夏天重庆当地志愿者积极参与对抗森林野火、保护家园的故事。所以D项(众人拾柴火焰高)符合文义。故选D。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每题2分，共10分) Even when natural disasters happen far away，we feel for the people who are going through them.It can be more stressful if they happen close to home or affect people you know.1. It's also good to find a way to help.When you turn your feelings into action，you can do something that matters. You can find out what kind of help people need on the Internet.Check the website of groups like the Red Cross.2. You can join in to support their efforts. 3． More people­power means more help for those who need it.You could decide to do something as a family.Or you could do something at school，or with people in a community you belong to. Plan what you'll do，and make it happen.For example，if you plan to collect supplies，you need to post a list of what to bring and when and where to drop it off.After the event，you'll need to decide how to group the things and send them to the charity.4. No matter which way you choose，your action helps others.5. Giving is good for you，too.Maybe you find a new interest in helping or service.Think about what it meant to you.You'll notice how good it feels to be part of something that matters and to know you can make a difference in someone's life. A．Work out all the steps. B．It's good to plan a fundraiser event. C．You can also get others to join you. D．It's good to talk about what's going on. E．You can also talk about your plan with others. F．Even small acts of kindness and giving have an effect. G．They know what people need most and the best ways to help. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了个人帮助受灾群众的方法和措施。 1．解析：选B。根据下文“It's also good to find a way to help.”中的also可知，空格处句式与此句相同，且都是在讲好的做法。选项B“计划一个筹款活动是很好的”切合文意。故选B。 2．解析：选G。根据空处上下句可知，G项“他们知道人们最需要什么和最好的帮助方式”可承接上下文，G项中的“They”指代上文中的“groups”。故选G。 3．解析：选C。根据下文“More people­power means more help for those who need it.”可知，此处是指团结其他人的力量来帮助受灾群众，所以选项C“你也可以让其他人加入你”切合文意。故选C。 4．解析：选E。上文“Plan what you'll do，and make it happen.”中的“Plan”对应选项E中的“your plan”，also表示并列关系。所以选项E切合文意。故选E。 5．解析：选F。上文的“No matter which way”对应选项F中的“Even”，下文“Giving is good for you，too.”对应选项F中的“giving”，too表示空格处和下文构成并列关系。所以选项F“即使是很小的善举和给予也会产生影响”符合语境。故选F。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$