Unit 5 Section Ⅱ Using language-【正禾一本通】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（外研版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Using language It was spring and we were sailing from port.It looked as if it ①was going to rain，but we were excited—we had planned that we ②were coming back in a few days but none of us knew that these ③would be our last days together.At first，the sea was calm and we spent our days working，fishing and playing cards，happily unaware that we ④wouldn't be back for a very long time—a storm was just on the horizon.Hours later，we ⑤were about to pull in to the shore when the waves rose up over our ship，breaking it into two and throwing us overboard.Our only hope of survival was to swim to the nearest island where we ⑥would remain for many months to come. 1．文中黑体部分使用了过去将来时态，表示从过去某时来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 2．①是was/were going to do形式；②是进行时表示将来，其构成是was/were doing。 3．⑤是was/were about to do...when结构，表示“正要做……这时”。 4．③、④和⑥是would＋do表示将来。 过去将来时 一、过去将来时的构成 肯定句 主语＋would＋动词原形＋其他 否定句 主语＋would not＋动词原形 ＋其他 疑问句 Would＋主语＋动词原形＋其他 被动句 主语＋would (not)＋ be ＋ 动词的过去分词(done) 二、过去将来时的用法 过去将来时通常用在宾语从句中，表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的行为或存在的状态。 ①He said he would come to see me. 他说他要来看我。 ②He told me he would go to Beijing. 他告诉我他将去北京。 ————即学即练1———— 单句语法填空 ①She hoped that they would meet (meet) again someday. ②Whenever we had trouble，he would come (come) to help us. 三、表示过去将要发生的事情的其他结构与时态 1．was/were＋going to＋动词原形 (1)“was/were＋going to＋动词原形”既可表示根据计划或安排即将发生的事，也可表示未能发生的动作。 Last Sunday we were going to visit the Great Wall，but it rained. 上星期天我们本想去游览长城的，但却下雨了。 (2)“was/were＋going to＋动词原形”还可表示根据当时情况判断有可能但不一定会发生某事。 It seemed as if it was going to rain. 看来好像要下雨。 2．was/were about to do...when和was/were on the point of doing...when ①He was about to leave when the telephone rang. 他正要离开，这时突然电话铃响了。 ②He was on the point of shouting at his daughter when she burst into tears. 他正要对女儿大吼，这时她放声大哭起来。 3．was/were to＋动词原形 ①I felt nervous because I was soon to leave home for the first time. 我感到紧张，因为很快就要首次离开家了。 ②They said goodbye，little knowing that they were never to meet again. 他们告了别，一点也没想到以后再也不会见面了。 4．某些动词的过去进行时 was/were doing仅限于某些表示位移的动词，如：come，go，arrive，leave等，表示按计划或安排将要发生的事。 She told me she was coming to see me. 她告诉我她要来看我。 5．特定场合的一般过去时 在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中用一般过去时代替过去将来时。 I didn't know when she would come，but when she came I would let you know. 我不知道她什么时候来，但她来了我会告诉你。 6．过去将来时与一般将来时的比较： 一般将来时表示从现在来看将要发生的情况，而过去将来时则表示从过去来看将要发生的情况。 ①Tom says that he will never get married. 汤姆说他永远不结婚。 ②Tom said that he would never get married. 汤姆说过他永远不结婚。 ————即学即练2———— 单句语法填空 ①She was about to speak when she was stopped by her sister. ②I was about to go (go) to bed when the telephone rang. ③We were informed that the leaders were coming (come) to our school soon. ④I thought Sally was going to make (make) a big dinner. unaware adj.未觉察到的，未意识到的 (1)be/become unaware of/that... 不知道/未意识到 (2)aware adj.知道；意识到；察觉到 be/become aware of/that... 知道/意识到 as far as I'm aware＝as far as I know 据我所知 (3)awareness n．知道；认识；意识 raise one's awareness of/about... 加强(某人的)对……的意识 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①He soon gained a reputation for raising awareness (aware) for good causes.(选自北师B2U6) ②为了提升人们的环保意识，我们年轻人应呼吁全社会的人参与其中。 In order to raise people's awareness of environmental protection, we young people should appeal to the whole society to get involved in it. ③随着时间的推移，当地居民逐渐意识到保护海滩的紧迫性。 With time going by，the local residents gradually become aware of the urgency of protecting the shore. ④这只熊崽全神贯注地在小溪边快乐地玩耍，以至于它没有意识到有人在靠近。(动作描写) So absorbed was the bear cub in playing pretty joyfully at the edge of the stream that it was unaware that someone was approaching． injury n．伤，伤害 (1)injure vt.伤害；损害 be/get injured 受伤 (2)injured adj.受伤的；受委屈的 the injured 伤者；伤员 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①To prevent soft tissue injury (injure), make sure that you wear proper clothes and equipment when exercising.(选自译林B2U2) ②撞车事故中无人受伤，我们都松了一口气。 (心理描写) There being no injuries in the crash, we all breathed a sigh of relief. ③在生活中，急救非常重要，特别是在有人突发疾病或受伤的时候。 First aid is very essential in our life, especially when people suddenly fall ill or get injured． 【点拨】　the injured作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。如： The injured were hospitalized after the fire. 伤员在火灾后被送入医院。 (时间：45分钟　满分：100分) Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每题1.5分，共12分) 1．She didn't cool down for hours after that heated argument. 2．Many teenagers are unaware of the harm of smoking and even get addicted to it. 3．Professor Ye Jiaying is known as an outstanding researcher of classical Chinese poetry. 4．Jenny said she would spend (spend) her holiday in China next summer. 5．Motorcyclists must wear helmets to protect them from injury/injuries (injure). 6．When taken (take) according to directions, the drug has no side effect. 7．The best way to treat such bleeding (blood) is to apply firm pressure. 8．If the symptoms persist, it is important to go (go) to your doctor. Ⅱ.链接写作——用过去将来时完成句子(每题3分，共15分) 1．他说他将去北方去度假。 He said he would go to the north for the holiday． 2．他们想知道什么时候你会完成这篇文章。 They wanted to know when you would finish the article． 3．他正要离开，天突然下起雨来。 He was about to leave when it began to rain. 4．妈妈许诺明年带我去北京。 Mother promised that she would take me to Beijing the next year． 5．他说火车第二天早晨六点出发。 He said the train was leaving at six the next morning． Ⅲ.链接写作——根据本单元语法知识选择括号内的恰当内容完成下文(每题2分，共14分) Yesterday my manager told me that there 1.was going to (will/was going to) be a meeting in Beijing.He asked if I would like to attend it.I agreed and called my cousin Lucy，who is studying in Renmin University.I told her that I 2.was going (will go/was going) to Beijing for a meeting and 3.would meet (would meet/met) her after that.Hearing that，she was glad and told me that she 4.would show (will show/would show) me around her campus.After the meeting，I told Lucy that I 5.would wait (had waited/would wait) for her at the school gate.We met and talked with each other happily in a coffee shop.Lucy told me that she 6.would get (would get/would have got) a job in a company，which delighted me.I thought her parents 7.would be (were/would be) happy as well after hearing the news.I am proud of Lucy. Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题3.5分，共14分) There's not a lot of mountain climbing happening in Minnesota.But it was his growing up in Detroit Lakes—visiting national parks with his family—that set Eddie Taylor up to join the first all­Black team of climbers training to take on Qomolangma next year.“I ran track in high school and I ended up going to Colorado and walking on the track team，” Taylor said during a conversation with MPR News host Cathy Wurzer.“Being out here next to the mountains，there's lots and lots of climbing，lots of mountain areas and lots of rock climbing.” Taylor is now a high school science teacher and track coach in Colorado and is training with a new group of nine Black climbers who hope to climb Qomolangma next spring.Led by experienced climber Phil Henderson，there are five other Black men on the team with Taylor.Abby Dione and Rosemary Saal finish off the group of nine as the two Black women climbers on the team. It was a chance meeting with Henderson，the leader of the adventure，at a dog park in Western Colorado that set Taylor up for this next adventure.“There's not a lot of Black people out there in that part of Colorado，” he said.“I was walking my dog and we just ran into each other.We started to chat.And then we actually went ice climbing later on that day and ran into each other again.” Of the 10，000 climbers who have climbed Qomolangma，only 10 were Black，Taylor said.The team hopes to not only increase those numbers next year but increase awareness and access (接触的机会) to the outdoors for people of color. “I visited national parks and I learned to ski (滑雪) at a young age，but I think that's not typical for other climbers of color.Just to help inspire that next generation and to show that things are possible for people in our community makes it worth it.” [语篇解读]本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了一位中学老师加入黑人登山队并计划攀登珠穆朗玛峰为有色人群发声的故事。 1．What personality does Taylor have according to the first paragraph? A．He has a strong sense of fairness. B．He has an adventurous spirit. C．He is full of creativity. D．He is polite to others. 解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第一段第二句和最后一句可知，Taylor非常喜欢在山区探索，也非常喜欢爬山和攀岩运动，由此可推知，他很有冒险精神。故选B。 2．What do we know about Taylor's climbing team? A．It is organized by high school teachers. B．It has not more than 10 members. C．It has been training for a long time. D．It is an all­male group. 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Taylor is now a high school science teacher and track coach in Colorado and is training with a new group of nine Black climbers who hope to climb Qomolangma next spring.”可知，Taylor所在的登山队不超过10人。故选B。 3．Which of the following best describes the first meeting of Henderson and Taylor? A．Unexpected. B．Unpleasant. C．Boring. D．Secret. 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第三段中“It was a chance meeting with Henderson”和“I was walking my dog and we just ran into each other.”可知，Taylor和Henderson的首次见面实属意料之外。故选A。 4．Why did Taylor want to climb Qomolangma? A．To encourage people to love nature. B．To achieve his childhood dream. C．To stand up for people of color. D．To set a new world record. 解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句以及最后一段可知，Taylor希望通过攀登珠穆朗玛峰为有色人群发声。故选C。 Ⅱ.完形填空(每题2分，共30分) Four girls.Two tents.No cellphones.A thunderstorm.One hundred and thirty hours of nonstop togetherness.This was what Julia Ruelle just 1 ． “It was really 2 ，” said Julia Ruelle of her recent weeklong adventure to the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness with three childhood friends. Earlier this year, Julia, having completed a 3 for a brain tumor (肿瘤) in April, won a writing contest and was 4 a free five­day camping adventure with up to three friends.Its aim is to get kids away from technology.She struggled to 5 the final three—Anna Wander, Madeline Wilson and Julianna Torelli.No 6 were allowed, so getting their agreement was a bit 7 ．Having a satellite phone and promising to check in twice during the week finally won their agreement. The four girls arrived in Ely on 10 June for training.They 8 the next day at 7：00 a.m., and quickly fit many things into their 9 —getting up early every morning, going boating 10 ，then having lunch at the campsites, followed by swinging, reading, talking, and napping. “I love how you are separated from everything in your life, especially 11 ，”Anna said.Without her phone, she said, “I'm less 12 about things.”“We got along pretty well，” said Madeline.“We were always talking before bed, about specific things and thoughts.” “But we might sometimes have had 13 ，” Julianna added.No one was even hungry or homesick, but they were 14 nervous one night as they waited out a thunderstorm. After the adventure, Julia will continue to take a physical examination every three months to make sure the tumor is gone.“Mental health can be 15 so much in the Boundary Waters.It really helps to reconnect with yourself，” said Julia. [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了四个女孩一起度过的远离父母和电子设备的冒险之旅。 1． A．described B．recommended C．pretended D．experienced 解析：选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意：这就是Julia Ruelle刚刚经历的。described描述；recommended推荐；pretended假装；experienced经历。根据下一段中“said Julia Ruelle of her recent weeklong adventure...”及文章内容可知，她们刚刚经历了一场露营，上文“Four girls.Two tents.No cellphones.A thunderstorm.One hundred and thirty hours of nonstop togetherness.”描述的就是Julia Ruelle所经历的。故选D。 2． A．amazing B．awkward C．boring D．annoying 解析：选A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Julia Ruelle最近和三个儿时的朋友一起去Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness冒险了一周，她说：“这真是太神奇了。”amazing不可思议的，神奇的；awkward 令人尴尬的；boring令人厌烦的，无聊的；annoying令人恼火的。根据后文几个女孩对这次旅程的评价可知，她们对这次旅行很满意，因此此处表示“神奇的，不可思议的”，故选A。 3． A．competition B．treatment C．preparation D．arrangement 解析：选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意：今年早些时候，Julia在4月份完成了脑瘤的治疗，她赢得了一场写作比赛，并获得了与最多三个朋友一起免费野营5天的机会。competition比赛，竞争；treatment治疗，对待；preparation准备；arrangement安排。根据空后“for a brain tumor(肿瘤)”可知，此处指完成脑部肿瘤的治疗，故选B。 4． A．admired B．directed C．offered D．advised 解析：选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。admired羡慕，钦佩；directed指导；offered提供；advised建议。根据“won a writing contest”可知，Julia赢得了作文比赛，因而被给予奖励。故选C。 5． A．choose B．explore C．prefer D．recognize 解析：选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意：她艰难地选择了最后三个人——Anna Wander，Madeline Wilson 和Julianna Torelli。choose选择；explore探索；prefer更喜欢；recognize辨认出。根据上文“up to three friends”可知，只有三个名额，她艰难地选择了最后三个人，故选A。 6． A．parents B．friends C．captains D．athletes 解析：选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意：家长不允许参加，所以征得他们的同意有点困难。parents父母；friends朋友；captains队长；athletes运动员。根据文章开头“Four girls.”可知，这是只有四个女孩的旅行，故父母是不允许陪伴在旁的。故选A。 7． A．educational B．challenging C．confusing D．impressive 解析：选B。考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。educational有教育意义的；challenging有挑战的；confusing令人困惑的；impressive令人印象深刻的。根据下文“Having a satellite phone and promising to check in twice during the week finally won their agreement.”可知，得到父母的许可有点困难。故选B。 8． A．clean up B．sign up C．set out D．set up 解析：选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意：她们第二天早上7点出发，很快就把许多事情安排进了日程——每天早起，中午划船，然后在营地吃午饭，接着是荡秋千、看书、聊天和打盹儿。clean up清理；sign up注册，报名；set out动身，出发；set up设置，建立。根据“the next day at 7：00 a．m.”及后文的一系列活动可知，她们早上七点动身。故选C。 9． A．content B．destination C．schedule D．solution 解析：选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。content内容；destination目的地；schedule日程表；solution解决办法。根据破折号后的一系列活动可知，此处指把很多活动安排进日程表，故选C。 10．A．by noon B．at dawn C．by night D．at dusk 解析：选A。考查固定短语辨析。句意同上。by noon到中午为止；at dawn拂晓时；by night在夜间；at dusk黄昏时。根据文中的“every morning”和“lunch”等时间点推测，此处是中午之前的活动，故选A。 11．A．society B．homework C．personality D．technology 解析：选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意：Anna说：“我喜欢脱离生活中的一切，尤其是科技。”society社会；homework家庭作业；personality个性，性格；technology科技。根据第三段中“Its aim is to get kids away from technology.(它的目的是让孩子们远离科技)”及下一句“Without her phone”可知，这次旅行是远离科技，故选D。 12．A．positive B．anxious C．curious D．responsible 解析：选B。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她说，没有手机，“我就不那么焦虑了。”positive积极的；anxious焦虑的；curious好奇的；responsible负责任的。根据“Without her phone”及下一句“We got along pretty well”可知，没有手机，远离生活中的一切，应是感到没有那么焦虑，故选B。 13．A．disappointment B．joyfulness C．arguments D．injuries 解析：选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意：“但我们有时可能会发生争吵，”Julianna补充说。disappointment失望；joyfulness快乐；arguments争论，争吵；injuries伤害。根据表示转折的But可知，此处指但是有时她们也会有争吵，故选C。 14．A．unbelievably B．supposedly C．unsuccessfully D．actually 解析：选D。考查副词词义辨析。句意：没有人饿着肚子，也没有人想家，但有一天晚上，在等待雷雨结束的时候，他们实际上很紧张。unbelievably难以置信地；supposedly据说；unsuccessfully不成功地；actually实际上。根据转折词but及语境可知，虽然大家玩得很尽兴，但在等待雷雨结束的时候实际上很紧张，故选D。 15．A．damaged B．improved C．arranged D．weakened 解析：选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意：在Boundary Waters，心理健康可以得到很大改善。damaged损害；improved提高，改善；arranged安排；weakened减弱。根据下一句“It really helps to reconnect with yourself(这真的有助于与自己重新建立联系)”可知，心理健康得到改善，符合题意，故选B。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每题1.5分，共15分) Zhaobi, a wall that can be found outside the entrance of a building, has a long and storied history in China. The 1. (early) form of zhaobi appeared in the Western Zhou dynasty.2. (construct) to serve the function of a status symbol, zhaobi was only owned by the highest members of society.Seeing zhaobi outside 3. building would let passersby know that this was the residence of someone of extreme importance.Zhaobi also served the function of protecting privacy by blocking the entrance from any prying (窥视的) eyes. With the passing of time, zhaobi took on a more abstract purpose, coming 4 (play) a role in the principles of fengshui, a practice which focused on achieving harmony 5. balance in all things. 6． (move) further forward in time, zhaobi became more of a form of artistic expression and creativity, with poetry, paintings and characters representing good fortune appearing on the wall.Some families even used zhaobi 7. a canvas to tell their family history and 8. (achieve). By evolving and adapting its functions, zhaobi 9. (be) a silent spectator of China's long history since its birth.This longevity through transformation is much like China itself, a country 10. shows great respect to its history but has also embraced modernization and progress. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍照壁从古至今的功能变化。 1．解析：earliest。考查形容词最高级。句意：照壁最早出现在西周王朝。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处表示“最早的形式”，故填形容词最高级earliest，作定语，修饰名词form，故填earliest。 2．解析：Constructed。考查非谓语动词。句意：照壁建立初衷是为展示地位象征，因此仅为社会地位最高者所有。根据句子结构可知，设空处应填非谓语动词。zhaobi与construct是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词constructed，作状语。位于句首，开头字母大写，故填Constructed。 3．解析：a。考查冠词。句意：在一个建筑物外看到照壁会让路人知道这是一个极其重要的人的住所。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处表示“在一个建筑物外”，表泛指，应用不定冠词。building以辅音音素开头，故填a。 4．解析：to play。考查不定式。句意：随着时间的流逝，照壁有了一个更抽象的功能，逐渐在风水原理中发挥作用，风水是一种专注于实现万物和谐与平衡的做法。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处考查短语come to do sth.，表示“逐渐做某事”，故填to play。 5．解析：and。考查连词。句意：随着时间的流逝，照壁有了一个更抽象的功能，逐渐在风水原理中发挥作用，风水是一种专注于实现万物和谐与平衡的做法。根据句意及句子结构可知，harmony与balance是并列关系，故用并列连词and连接，故填and。 6．解析：Moving。考查非谓语动词。句意：随着时间的流逝，照壁更像是一种艺术表达和展现创造力的形式，墙上出现了代表好运的诗歌、绘画和人物。根据句意及句子结构可知，设空处应填非谓语动词。逻辑主语zhaobi与move是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填现在分词moving，位于句首，开头字母大写，故填Moving。 7．解析：as。考查介词。句意：一些家庭甚至用照壁作为画布来讲述他们的家族历史和成就。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处考查短语use sth.as...，表示“把……当作……使用”，故填as。 8．解析：achievements。考查名词的数。句意：一些家庭甚至用照壁作为画布来讲述他们的家族历史和成就。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处表示“用照壁讲述家族的成就”，表泛指，故用可数名词复数achievements，故填achievements。 9．解析：has been。考查时态和主谓一致。句意：通过演变和调整其功能，照壁自诞生以来一直是中国悠久历史的沉默旁观者。根据句意及时间状语since its birth可知，时态应用现在完成时，表示从过去一直延续到现在。主语zhaobi是单数，助动词用has，故填has been。 10．解析：which/that。考查定语从句。句意：这种通过转型而延续至今的特点很像中国本身。中国非常尊重自己的历史，同时也拥抱现代化和进步。根据句意及句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句。缺少的引导词指代先行词a country，并在从句中作主语，故用which或that引导，故填which/that。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$