Unit 2 Section Ⅰ Starting out&Understanding ideas-【正禾一本通】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（外研版2019）

Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas 速读明大意 Ⅰ.Skim the text and fill in the blanks. Ⅱ.What's the main idea of the text? The main idea of the text is that Ryan tried his best to build a well in Africa． 精读知细节 Choose the best answer according to the text. 1．Knowing that many people in African countries couldn't get enough clean water, Ryan was ． A．happy and worried B．surprised and concerned C．excited and curious D．angry and disappointed 2．What was wrong with the water in some developing African countries? A．The countries were too dry to have enough water. B．The wells were too far away and the water was dirty. C．People didn't want to walk to fetch water. D．People used too much water and polluted it. 3．How did Ryan get enough money to build a well? A．He persuaded his neighbours to donate money. B．He asked his classmates to donate money. C．His mother's friend made his story go public. D．All of the above. 4．Ryan set up a foundation to ． A．inspire people to go to Africa B．encourage more people to help C．build more wells D．make his dream a reality 5．Which of the following can be used to describe Ryan? A．Helpful and determined. B．Joyful and warm­hearted. C．Hard­working and grateful. D．Delighted and generous. 答案：1～5　BBDBA 读后悟考点 Ⅰ.扫词汇障碍 构词法 six­year­old six＋year＋old→adj.六岁大的 warmth warm(温暖的)＋­th(名词后缀)→n.温暖 life­changing life(人生)＋change(改变)＋­ing(形容词后缀)→adj.改变人生的 Ⅱ.破译长难句 [教材1]　As a six­year­old Canadian schoolboy，Ryan had trouble believing the words spoken by his teacher that many people in developing African countries couldn't get enough clean water. [分析]　本句为复合句。have trouble (in) doing sth.意为“做某事有困难”；句中spoken by his teacher为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰words；that引导同位语从句，对名词words起到解释说明的作用。 [翻译]　年仅六岁的加拿大男孩瑞安难以相信老师说的话——在欠发达的非洲国家，许多人都喝不到足够干净的水。 [教材2]　He soon reached his first target of$70, but when he gave the money to a charity, he was told that it actually cost$2，000 to build a well. [分析]　本句为并列句，but连接两个并列分句，其中第二个分句中when引导时间状语从句，that引导宾语从句。 [翻译]　很快他就实现了70美元的第一个目标。但当他把钱捐给慈善机构时，他被告知建一口井实际上需要2 000美元。 [教材3]　After several months，Ryan had raised the $2，000，with which a well was built near a primary school in Uganda. [分析]　本句为复合句。with which...为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，which代指前面的先行词the $2，000。 [翻译]　几个月后，他筹到了2 000美元。他这笔钱在乌干达的一所小学旁边建起了一口井。 Ⅲ.学表达技巧 心理描写 [教材1]　He also saw hundreds of delighted students who had turned out to welcome him.They sang and danced happily...At first Ryan was nervous, but soon a great warmth filled him...He broke into a joyful smile. [分析]　句中delighted students, sang and danced happily, 生动形象地再现了孩子们欢迎Ryan时的场景以及心情。nervous，a great warmth filled him, broke into a joyful smile写出了Ryan心情的转变。 [仿写]　尝试用心理描写补全句子 学生们开始紧张地收拾行李，有的很高兴，有的很不安。 The students, some feeling joyful, others very uneasy, began packing their belongings in a nervous way. 高级表达 [教材2]　Ryan says that the question to ask is not “Why don't I help？”， but “How can I help today？”． [分析]　句中用了not...but...连接两个结构相似、功能相同的句子成分。这种结构否定but前的内容，肯定but后的内容。 [仿写]　尝试用not...but...补全句子 让他父母担心的不是他的成绩而是他对学习不感兴趣。 What makes his parents worried is not his grades but that he doesn't have any interest in learning． 主旨升华 [教材3]　This insight grew from the determined attitude of a six­year­old boy who had the courage and perseverance to make his dream a reality. [分析]　此句对文章进行了主旨升华，表达了“勇气和毅力使他的梦想成为现实”。主旨升华句深化文章的主题，最重要的是吸引了阅卷老师的眼球，是作文拿高分的重要保障。 [仿写]　尝试用主旨升华补全句子 追梦永远不晚。只要你抓住机会，充分利用机会，你就能够实现梦想。 It's never too late to go for your dream.As long as you take every opportunity and make full use of it, you will be able to realize your dream． 高频词汇练全 contribution n．贡献；促成因素；捐赠 (1)make contributions/a contribution to (doing)... 对(做)……作出贡献 (2)contribute v．捐赠；是……的原因之一；撰稿 contribute(...)to(...) (把……)贡献给……； (向……)捐款；撰稿；导致；有助于 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The contribution (contribute) he made to the village was great, so he became very popular among the villagers.(选自北师B1U1) ②In conclusion，as high school students, it's our responsibility to contribute to protecting (protect) oceans. ③我大部分的钱都是写书赚的，但我有时也会给杂志撰稿。 I make most of my money by writing books but I contribute to magazines sometimes. ④这可能部分是由于我不断地努力为我们的项目作出贡献。 This might have partly resulted from my constant effort to make contributions to our project． 【点拨】　contribute to和make a contribution/contributions to中的to都为介词，后面要接名词、代词或动名词。 relief n．轻松，宽慰；(痛苦、忧虑等的)解除，减轻，缓解；救济 (1)in/with relief 如释重负；松了口气 to one's relief 令某人感到欣慰的是 (2)relieve v．解除，减轻，缓和(不快或痛苦) relieve sb.of... 解除某人……的负担 (3)relieved adj.感到宽慰的 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Music gave me strength and brought me relief (relieve).(选自人教B2U5) ②使我们欣慰的是，受他们的鼓励，David不再哭泣，脸上洋溢着微笑。(宽慰心理描写) To our relief, David stopped crying and his face was lit up by their encouragement. ③听说他已经通过了期末考试，他松了口气，笑了起来。(宽慰心理描写) Hearing that he had passed the final exam，he sighed in/with relief and broke into a smile. shortage n．短缺，不足，缺乏 (1)(a) shortage of 缺少，短缺 (2)short adj.缺少的；短的；矮的；缩写的 be short of 缺少 be short for 是……的缩写 for short 简称 in short 简言之 【练透】　完成语段 UN是联合国的缩写，因此，我们简称联合国为UN。它对使我们的世界变得更好有着重要作用。比如，许多国家缺少水资源，在联合国的帮助下，遭受缺水之苦的人们得到了解脱。总之，有了联合国的贡献，世界将变得越来越好。 UN ①is short for the United Nations.So，we call it UN ②for short．It plays an important part in making the world a better place.For example，many countries ③are short of water.With the help of UN，people suffering from water ④shortage are relieved.⑤In short，the world will be better and better with the contributions of UN. effective adj.有效的，产生预期效果的 (1)take effective measures to do sth. 采取有效的措施做某事 (2)effect n．效果；影响；作用 in effect 实际上 have an effect on 对……有影响 bring/put...into effect 实施；使生效 come/go into effect＝take effect 生效；开始实施 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I can honestly say it has had a huge effect on me physically and mentally.(选自译林B2U2) ②In effect, I didn't realize the importance of cooperation until I was elected the monitor of our class. ③政府已采取有效措施防止人们为了利益而杀害野生动物。(生态保护) The government has taken effective measures to prevent people killing wild animals for interests. ④自从新的交通法规实施以来，闯红灯的人数下降了。 The number of people who run a red light has been on the decrease since the new traffic regulations came into/took effect． donate v．捐赠，捐献 (1)donate...to... 把……捐献给…… (2)donation n．捐赠，捐赠物 make donations/a donation to 向……捐赠 organ donation 器官捐赠 (3)donor n．捐赠者，赠送者 【练透】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The secondary school is named after a donor (donate) who made a contribution of 50 million yuan. ②The headmaster appeals to us students to make donations to the poor boy. ③为了帮助学生更好地学习汉语，我们学校决定给你的中文班捐赠一些书。(告知信) To assist the students in learning Chinese better, our school has decided to donate some books to your Chinese class. make a difference 有影响，使不同 (1)make some/no/little difference (to...) (对……)有些/没/很少作用或影响 (2)It makes a difference (to sb.)＋从句 (对某人来说)……有影响/有关系 (3)tell the difference between...and... 区分……与……的差别 【练透】　完成句子 ①只有我们言行一致才能对所做的事情有所贡献。(主旨升华) Only when we match our words with actions can we make a difference in whatever we hope to accomplish. ②这对双胞胎长得太像了，你几乎没法把他们区分开。 The twins are so similar to each other that you can hardly tell the difference between them． ③这些措施是否有效对我来说没有影响。 It makes no difference to me whether the measures are effective or not. break into a smile 突然笑起来 break away (from sb./sth.) 脱离；背叛；逃脱 break down (机器)出故障；打破；(谈判、计划等)失败； 破裂；(身体)垮掉；分解 break in 打断；插嘴说；闯入 break into 闯入……；突然……起来 break out (战争)爆发；(火灾)发生 break through 取得突破；克服 break up 驱散；分散；打碎；分手 【练透】　完成句子 ①当火灾发生时， 我闯入房子中寻找我的女儿。最后，我们成功地逃脱了这座正在燃烧的建筑物。 When the fire broke out, I broke into the house to find my daughter.Finally we successfully broke away from the burning building. ②妈妈闯进我的房间，告诉我不要熬夜了，否则身体会累垮的。 Mother broke into my room and told me not to stay up or I would break down． 中频词汇练会 Ⅰ.一词多义 1．根据语境选出fund的含义 A．vt.为……提供资金，资助　B．n.基金，专款　C．n.现款，资金 ①The money will be placed in a trust fund for her daughter. B ②But our funds were limited，and none of the houses in our price range seemed satisfactory. C ③Moreover，they are doing everything they can to fund the research. A 2．根据语境选出fountain的含义 A．n.(液体或其他物质的)喷射　B．n.来源；源泉　C．n.喷水池，喷泉 ①Tourism is a fountain of wealth for the city. B ②The main square has a fountain that spouts water 40 feet into the air. C ③The machine exploded in a fountain of sparks. A 3．根据语境选出foundation的含义 ①The builders are now beginning to lay the foundations of the new school. B ②The money will go to the San Francisco AIDS Foundation. A ③The organization has grown quickly since its foundation in 1955. C Ⅱ.熟词生义——猜测句中加黑词汇的词性及含义 ①At least 33 people are reported to have survived when a Japanese airliner on an internal flight crashed near the city of Tokyo.adj.国内的 ②As a teacher，she earned the respect of her students.vt.赢得，博得 ③What impresses me most is that he is a writer of great insight.n.洞察力 ④I don't think you have quite grasped the realities of our situation! n.真实的事物或情况 重点句式练透 句型公式：so...that...引导结果状语从句 (教材原文)And why is the water so dirty that it makes them sick? 为什么水如此脏以至于会让他们生病？ so...that...引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于”，其中so是副词， 修饰形容词dirty。 (1)so...that...句型的基本结构： ①so＋adj./adv.＋that... ②so＋adj.(＋a/an)＋n.(单数可数名词)＋that... ③so＋many/few/much/little (少)＋n.(复数可数名词/不可数名词)＋that..． (2)such...that...句型的基本结构： ①such＋a(n)＋adj.＋n.(单数可数名词)＋that... ②such＋adj.＋n.(复数可数名词/不可数名词)＋that... (3)当so＋形容词/副词及such...放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装。 【练透】　单句语法填空/句式升级/一句多译 ①He feels so happy that he followed his heart when choosing what to do with his life.(选自北师B1U1) ②His plan was such a good one that we all agreed to accept it. ③I was so shocked that I froze with my eyes wide open.(心理描写) →So shocked was I that I froze with my eyes wide open.(倒装句) ④大连是一个如此吸引人的地方以至于每年都有很多游客来观光旅游。(景点介绍) ④－1 Dalian is so attractive a place that lots of tourists visit the city every year. ④－2 Dalian is such an attractive place that lots of tourists visit the city every year. 句型公式：“介词＋关系代词”结构引导的定语从句 (教材原文)After several months, Ryan had raised the$2，000, with which a well was built near a primary school in Uganda. 几个月后，瑞安筹集了2 000美元，用这笔钱在乌干达的一所小学附近建了一口井。 (1)在“介词＋关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词指物用which，指人用whom，不可用that或who代替，也不可省略。但如果介词后置，则不受这种限制。 (2)有些固定动词短语中的介词一般不能提前。常见的这类动词短语有listen to, look at, depend on, look for, pay attention to, take care of等。 (3)介词的确定要遵循“一先、二动、三意义”的原则：“一先”，即根据先行词的某种习惯搭配来确定介词；“二动”，即根据定语从句中的动词或形容词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定介词；“三意义”，即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。 (4)关系副词when, where, why可用“介词＋which”来代替。 【练透】　完成句子 ①怀特教授是一位知识渊博的学者，从他身上我们可以学到很多。(人物介绍) Professor White is a knowledgeable scholar，from whom we have a lot to learn． ②她仍然记得她获奖的那一天。 She still remembers the day on which (＝when) she won the prize． ③他递给我一支钢笔，我用它记下了他的电话号码。(动作描写) He handed me a pen with which I wrote down his phone number. ④我真的很感谢王教授，没有他的帮助我不可能取得这样的进步。 I am really grateful to Professor Wang，without whose help I couldn't have made such progress. (时间：45分钟　满分：100分) 　 Ⅰ.单词拼写(每题1.5分，共12分) 1．The government should fund (资助) the movement which was launched by the organization. 2．The internal (内部的) structure of the old building is very different from the outside. 3．The crowd gathered around the fountain (喷水池) in the plaza. 4．We buy everything abroad with the money earned (挣) from oil exports. 5．The foundation (基金会) works on issues such as education, health, environment and community development. 6．Good teachers have insight (顿悟) into the problems of students. 7．The power of the green movement has made that country recycle (回收利用) more waste materials. 8．He frequently donates (捐赠) large sums to charity. Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每题1.5分，共15分) 1．A doctor's task is to make every effort to relieve (relief) patients' suffering. 2．In reality (real), he is a man of much wisdom; and in a way he is quite like his father. 3．When going to the market, people are called on to use the recycled (recycle) bags. 4．Considering the shortage (short) of water in many areas, we should form the habit of saving water. 5．Last night when I was away, someone broke into my house and stole some money. 6．I think whoever makes greater contributions (contribution) to the company than the others should get the highest income. 7．The charity is completely reliant on public donations (donate). 8．However, the majority of people are effective (effect) speakers because they train to be. 9．Light travels so fast that we can hardly imagine its speed. 10．If we learn some knowledge of first aid, it can make a real difference in time of accidents. Ⅲ.完成句子/句型转换(每题3分，共15分) 1．他们是非常好的老师，我们对他们极为尊敬。 They are such fine teachers that we all hold them in great respect. 2．你做这项工作必须非常严谨，因为一个小错误就能造成天壤之别。 You have to be very exact in this job, because a small mistake can make a big difference． 3．独自打扫完整栋房子后，她累得腰酸背痛。 After cleaning the whole house alone, she was so tired that she felt pain in her waist and on her back. 4．父亲给我一些额外的钱，用这些钱我买了一些书。 My father gave me some extra money, with which I bought some books． 5．I felt relieved that my son was eventually admitted to a key university. →To my relief，my son was eventually admitted to a key university. Ⅳ.课文语法填空(每题1分，共10分) Six­year­old Canadian schoolboy Ryan couldn't believe that many people in 1.developing (develop) African countries couldn't get enough clean water.So, Ryan decided 2.to earn (earn) money to build a single well somewhere in Africa.He 3.cleaned (clean) windows and did gardening for his family and neighbours, reaching his first target of $70 soon.But he 4.was told (tell) that $70 wasn't enough for a well.He started to ask for help from his classmates and neighbours and persuaded 5.them (they) to donate money.At 6.the same time, a friend of Ryan's mother helped make his story go public.After several months, Ryan had raised the $2，000, with 7.which a well was built near a primary school in Uganda.The children at the school were grateful 8.to him and invited him to visit.He 9.really (real) had made a difference for these children. Later, Ryan set up a foundation to encourage more people to help.Many 10.inspired (inspire) people gave him their support.Today, over 800，000 people in 16 countries across Africa have benefited from the life­changing gift of clean, safe water. Ⅰ.阅读理解(每题4分，共28分) A VOLUNTARY STUDENT ORGANIZATIONS There are over 600 different Voluntary Student Organizations (VSOs) at Stanford.VSOs are those organizations in which membership is both open and limited to current Stanford students，and whose purposes and procedures are consistent with the goals and standards of the University. Students make all organizational decisions.In order to use the Stanford name，or to receive funding，all voluntary student organizations must register with the University through the Office of Stanford Events. As a condition of registration，each voluntary student organization must file and have approved each of the following: ·A statement(声明) of purpose and organizational constitution ·A statement about membership qualifications ·Clear procedures for officer elections ·Identification of the authorized representatives of the group If a voluntary student organization seeks to use University facilities for meetings open to more than its own members，such meetings shall be subject to the regulations of the Committee on Public Events.All organization events held in University facilities must receive event approval from the Office of Student Activities.No student group may use University space or facilities or receive other University support for purposes of supporting candidates for public office.Groups may use public places such as White Plaza for speeches and similar activities held by the Student Committee；may have periodic use of on­campus meeting rooms；and may request to reserve auditoriums (礼堂) for public events as long as all University guidelines are followed. [语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学的学生志愿组织。 1．Who can register for a VSO at Stanford? A．A college candidate. B．A Stanford graduate. C．A voluntary student. D．A current Stanford student. 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，斯坦福大学在校生可以申请注册VSO。故选D。 2．What material does a VSO need to hand in? A．A business certificate. B．A description of its members. C．A distinct procedure of electing officers. D．An introduction to the representatives. 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第二段第三小点“Clear procedures for officer elections”可知，明确的领导成员选举程序是注册VSO需要提交的。故选C。 3．Which department can approve the events of a VSO? A．The Student Committee. B．The Office of Student Activities. C．The Office of Stanford Events. D．The Committee on Public Events. 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句可知，学生活动办公室可以批准学生志愿组织的活动。故选B。 B Intergenerational (两代间的) programs are helping people feel less lonely.These matching programs are making a difference. When 76­year­old Antoinette­Marie Williams played 17­year­old Emmett Daniels at chess for the first time，she gave Daniels a run for his money.Paired through DOROT，a New York organization which was set up in 1976 and means “generations”，they are a perfect match. “The first day we played，we enjoyed each other，” Williams said.“I was a good opponent (对手) for him.I don't think he expected it.” Daniels said，“Our chess games matched perfectly.” Their weekly games have led Daniels and Williams to a developing，cross­generational relationship that they both enjoy. Williams and Daniels' relationship is against the traditional idea that people of different generations have little in common.Excited to meet and share their lives，Daniels told Williams that he got accepted into college.Williams immediately congratulated him and said that she knew he'd do it. Loneliness has been recognized as an important social problem for many years，but regarding loneliness as an epidemic (流行病) has appeared only in recent years.Fortunately，there are ways to battle loneliness，including caring about the lives of lonely seniors by organizations like DOROT. These programs try to create an atmosphere of change and teach open ways to create greater connection.They encourage building a support network by reaching out to family and friends，forming a community or social group or volunteering to connect with like­minded people. Another way to fight loneliness is to use technology to stay connected with loved ones，which fosters meaning and purpose through online activities and conversations.Practicing self­care is so encouraged，as is being patient because strong relationships take time and effort to create. The connection between Williams and Daniels shows that these intergenerational relationships play an important role in reducing loneliness and adding joy to the lives of all the participants (参与者)，young or old. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关心孤独老年人的代际配对项目。 4．What did Williams say about Daniels? A．He was an outstanding student. B．He could beat her easily. C．He was poor in playing chess. D．He met with a good match. 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，Williams认为自己对于Daniels来说是一个很好的对手，即Daniels遇到了一个好对手。故选D。 5．What can be inferred from Williams and Daniels' relationship? A．Old people also need to learn from young people. B．People of different generations can be connected. C．Competition can make people forget loneliness. D．Age does affect the relationship between people. 解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第四段第二句可知，Daniels和Williams建立了一种他们都很喜欢的跨代关系；根据第五段第一句可知，二人的关系超越了传统观念，即不同世代的人几乎没有共同点，由此可推知，不同世代的人之间也可以建立良好的关系。故选B。 6．What do organizations like DOROT intend to do? A．Help people feel less lonely. B．Organize competitive events. C．Provide people with medical care. D．Promote science and technology. 解析：选A。推理判断题。根据第六段第二句“幸运的是，有一些方法可以对抗孤独，包括像DOROT这样的组织关心孤独老年人的生活。”可推断，DOROT这样的组织是想帮助人们缓解孤独感。故选A。 7．What is the author's attitude towards these matching programs? A．Uncaring. B．Supportive. C．Doubtful. D．Unclear. 解析：选B。观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者认为这种代际配对项目可以减少孤独感并为所有参与者(无论老少)的生活增添快乐。由此推断，作者对此抱有积极的态度。故选B。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每题4分，共20分) In some schools，structured character education is a part of the curriculum，right alongside reading，writing，and math.1. .The qualities of character develop through an interaction of family，school，and community influences and the child's individual personality，experiences，and choices.Parents have many opportunities and tools to build their children's character.2. ． Be a role model Parents who exhibit the qualities of good character powerfully transmit their values to their children.Imagine you are honest，trustworthy，fair，compassionate，respectful，and involved in the greater good of your family and community.3. ．They will also see a sense of joy，satisfaction，and peace brought to their family. 4． Children also need to learn that when they violate your family's guiding ethics，you will carry out consequences with fairness and dignity.Always take the opportunity to explain why your child's behavior is wrong when you correct him. Make a habit of identifying in your own mind the value you wish to teach the child based on the particular behavior.Choose a consequence that is appropriate to teach that value. Tell stories from literature and life Parents and teachers used stories to teach moral lessons long before books were even invented.As you tell the stories of your life and the world around you，you convey lessons in values and ethics to your children. When you listen and respond to your children's stories about school and peers，you can help them think through the right thing to do.5. ．These anecdotes (趣闻轶事) show your kids how your values guide all aspects of your life. A．Provide opportunities to practice B．Use teachable moments to build character C．Your children will see this in your everyday actions and choices D．Be mindful of your children listening to the stories you tell other adults E．However，building character for kids can't just happen in the classroom F．But hands­on experience is needed to know the true meaning of character G．Using them will give you the joy and satisfaction of seeing your kids grow [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了父母在塑造孩子品格方面所起的作用和可以使用的方法。 1．解析：选E。空前一句提到了品格教育是一门学校课程，从下一句可知，品格的发展是通过内外部多种因素的相互作用而形成的，并不局限在课堂，所以E项与空前形成转折关系，又能够引出下文。故选E。 2．解析：选G。从上一句可知，父母有很多机会和方法来培养孩子的品格，结合下文介绍的各种方法可知，G项符合语境，G项中的“them”指代空前一句中的“opportunities and tools”。故选G。 3．解析：选C。根据本段小标题可知，本段建议家长以身作则，展现优秀品格，从下一句中的关键词“also see”可以得出，空处也是讲述孩子会看到父母好的一面。故选C。 4．解析：选B。空处是段落小标题。从下文“Always take the opportunity...correct him.”以及“to teach the child based on the particular behavior”可知，本段主要讲述要在适当的时机来教育孩子，B项概括本段主旨。故选B。 5．解析：选D。从倒数第二段第二句可知，当你讲述你的生活和你周围的世界时，你也在向你的孩子传授价值观念和道德观念，D项中的“the stories you tell other adults”与上文的“you tell the stories”相呼应。故选D。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$