Unit 1 Section Ⅳ Writing——如何写议论文-【正禾一本通】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（外研版2019）

Section Ⅳ　Writing——如何写议论文 本单元的写作任务是写议论文，是针对某一观点或问题发表议论和看法的文体。写议论文时要注意准确把握议论文的三要素：论点、论据和论证。论点是作者要阐述的观点；论据则包括事实论据(现实与历史的事实)和理论论据(科学原理、经典名言等)；论证即论点与论据之间的逻辑关系，也就是用充分有力的论据来证明论点的过程和方法。 【写作指导】 Ⅰ.谨记写作范式 Ⅱ.积累话题素材 [常用词汇] ①describe v．描述 ②viewpoint n．观点，看法 ③point of view 观点 ④as far as I'm concerned 在我看来 ⑤be listed as follows 如下所列 ⑥firstly 首先；第一 ⑦secondly 第二，其次 ⑧in addition/what's more 另外 ⑨in conclusion 总之 ⑩in a word 总之，简言之 ⑪in short/brief 简言之 [出彩佳句] ①We have a discussion about/have a debate on whether students should be allowed to carry mobile phones to schools. 我们对是否应该允许学生携带手机进校园进行了一次讨论。 ②Just as can be seen from the chart，people hold different opinions about making friends online. 从该图表可以看出，人们对网上交友这个话题看法不一。 ③Today，more and more English words find their way into the Chinese language.Some people support/approve of it while others do not. 当今，越来越多的英语单词出现在汉语中。有些人支持，而有些人反对。 ④As far as I am concerned，students should place their study，health and safety before other things. 我觉得学生应该把自己的学习、健康和安全放在第一位。 ⑤Personally, I don't think it good to use this kind of language，which makes your idea confusing，leaving other people at a loss as to your meaning. 就我而言，我认为使用这种语言不好，它会使你的观点模糊不清，让别人不知道你表达什么意思。 ⑥In my opinion/view，it is difficult to say right now whether cloning humans is right or not. 就我而言，现在很难说克隆人类是对还是不对。 ⑦Though it is an old fable，we can still draw lessons from it even today. 虽然这是一个古老的寓言，但时至今日，我们仍然可以从中吸取教训。 ⑧In conclusion, in order to make our friendship last long，we have to find the proper ways to communicate with each other. 总之，为了使我们的友谊长久，我们必须找到适当的相互沟通的方法。 【实战演练】 生活中我们都需要朋友，那我们该结交怎样的朋友呢？不同的人有不同的看法。请认真阅读下面的引语，按要求用英语写一篇短文。 “A true friend is a source of strength and hope.” —Jonathan Lockwood Huie 内容要求： 1．谈谈你对该引语的理解； 2．你的相关经历。 注意： 1．词数80左右； 2．开头已给出，不计入总词数。 This quotation from Jonathan Lockwood Huie tells us that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Step 1　审题谋篇·定框架 定人称 以第一人称为主 定时态 以一般现在时和一般过去时为主 定框架 第一段：拥有真正的朋友的重要性； 第二段：举例说明朋友的无私帮助； 第三段：深化主题——我们需要的是一个能丰富我们生活的朋友。 Step 2　要点翻译·用佳句 1．当我们遇到困难时，真正的朋友可以给我们力量和希望。 Real friends can give us strength and hope when we are in trouble. 2．我们需要这样的朋友，他们可以直接指出我们的错误，有着和我们一样的人生目标。 We need such friends who can point out our mistakes directly and who have the same life goals as us. 3．曾经我的数学一次又一次不及格，我对其失去了兴趣。我最好的朋友鼓励我不要放弃，并及时提供帮助。 Once I failed again and again in my math and lost interest in it.My best friend encouraged me not to give up and offered help in time. [升级]　用强调句改写句3 Once I failed again and again in my math and lost interest in it，it was my best friend who encouraged me not to give up and offered help in time. 4．在他善良无私的帮助下，我逐渐赶上了别人。 With his kind and selfless help, I gradually caught up with others. 5．所以我说我们需要朋友，但我们最需要的是一个能丰富我们生活的朋友。 So I say we need friends but we need a friend who/that can enrich our life most． [升级]　用名词性从句改写句5 So I say we need friends but what we need most is a friend who/that can enrich our life. Step 3　连句成篇·达美文 This quotation from Jonathan Lockwood Huie tells us that real friends can give us strength and hope when we are in trouble. We need such friends who can point out our mistakes directly and who have the same life goals as us.Once I failed again and again in my math and lost interest in it，it was my best friend who encouraged me not to give up and offered help in time.With his kind and selfless help, I gradually caught up with others. So I say we need friends but what we need most is a friend that can enrich our life. 人物 描写 ①frank 　　 　 　 adj.坦率的，坦诚的，直言不讳的 ②independent adj.独立的 ③forgive 　　　 v.原谅，宽恕 ④resolve v．决心；决定 ⑤ensure v．确保，保证 动作 描写 ①criticise v.批评，指责 ②deceive v．欺骗 ③justify v．证明(别人认为不合理的事)有道理；为……辩护 ④help out 帮一把 ⑤take a breath 吸一口气 情感 描写 ①agony n.痛楚，苦难 ②annoyed adj.恼怒的，烦恼的 ③embarrassment n．尴尬，难为情 ④tear n．眼泪，泪水 ⑤sink v.(心情)变得沉重；(情绪)变低落 ⑥let off steam 发泄怒火，宣泄情绪 ⑦let down 使失望，辜负 ⑧concern n．忧虑，担心 ⑨concerned adj.担心的，忧虑的 [语段情景用]　Tom快速走出商店，既开心又担心。他担心会让妈妈失望，担心妈妈会生气。思虑再三，他决心把书归还商店…… Tom walked out of the store quickly，happy and concerned.He was concerned that he would 1.let his mother down (让妈妈失望) and his mother would be annoyed.Thinking twice，he resolved to return the book to the store.He 2.took a deep breath (深吸一口气)，walked into the store and 3.took out the book in embarrassment (尴尬地拿出书)，saying “Please 4.forgive me for taking the book without paying (原谅我没有付钱拿走了这本书).” To his shock，the owner didn't criticize him but promised to give the book to him on condition that he would work in his store for 2 days.Upon arriving home，Tom told everything to his mother.The mother put her arms around Tom，5.tears of joy rolling down (流下了高兴的眼泪). 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$