chapter 6 名词与冠词 笔记-【语法宝典】2024-2025学年中考英语语法培优生笔记（全国通用）

2024-2025学年一线教师制作中考英语总复习系列资料，名师精选！ chapter 6 名词与冠词 笔记 ·模块一 名词的分类 ·模块二 名词的单复数 ·模块三 修饰可数名词的词和词组 ·模块四 中考常见不可数名词 ·模块五 修饰不可数名词的词和词组 ·模块六 名词的所有格 ·模块七 名词的性 ·模块八 冠词的分类 ·模块九 不定冠词的用法 ·模块十 定冠词的用法 ·模块十一 零冠词的用法 ·模块十二 2024年各省市中考模考真题综合训练 模块一 名词的分类 名词 A. 专有名词：具体的人、地、物、机构、团体、月份和节日等专有的名词 如：Alfred Nobel, Africa, February B. 普通名词 a 可数名词 可以用数字计数的名词，如boy，chair b 不可数名词 1)物质名词：如fire, wood, air, water 2)抽象名词：如information,advice,courage ★真题试炼★ 1．（2023·湖南邵阳·中考真题）—What animals did you see on the farm, Tom? —I saw some ________. A．rabbit B．ducks C．sheeps 2．（2024·西藏·中考真题）There are many famous ________ in the Chinese history. A．woman hero B．women heroes C．women hero D．woman heroes 3．（2023·湖南郴州·中考真题）My parents took me to the amusement park on ________ Day. There were so many exciting things to do there. A．Children’s B．Children C．Child’s 4．（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）—What’s your favourite weekday, Frank? —________, because the next day is Saturday. Then I can have a rest. A．Monday B．Friday C．Sunday 5．（2023·甘肃甘南·中考真题）Three fifths of the teachers in our school are ________. A．man teachers B．men teachers C．women teacher 模块二 名词的单复数 1. 单数变复数的一般规则，请将下列单词变为复数形式： 构成方法 例词 一般在词尾加-s horse—horses mile—miles 以-s, -x, -sh, -ch结尾的词加-es box—boxes glass—glasses brush—brushes 以o结尾的词加-s或-es 有生命加-es hero—heroes potato- potatoes Negro—Negroes 无生命加-s photo—photos piano-pianos zoo-zoos 特例 motto—mottos/mottoes, *kangaroo-kangaroos,volcano- volcanoes 以-y结尾的词 以辅音字母加-y结尾的词，变y为i, 加-es battery—batteries country—countries 以元音字母加-y结尾的词直接加-s monkey—monkeys day—days 以-f或-fe结尾的词 f, fe变为v再加-es wolf—wolves wife—wives 个别词直接加-s roof—roofs belief—beliefs scarf- scarves /scarfs 2. 特殊变化有下列情况: man men medium media Roman Romans child children woman women mouse mice businesswoman businesswomen ox oxen goose geese foot feet German Germans tooth teeth · There are many men doctors in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology.（妇产科） ♥Attention♥ man/woman男人、女人双变原则 a man nurse some men nurses a woman doctor women doctors boyfriends maidservants women servants lady drivers 3. 单复数同形的情况： sheep-sheep Chinese-Chinese means-means species-species craft及由-craft（spacecraft，aircraft）构成的名词 deer-deer Japanese-Japanese Swiss-Swiss series-series The only means to achieve success is to appeal to law（诉诸法律）. All means have been tried out to increase agricultural production. 4. 单复数特别用法： a. word 的特别用法： word 不可数名词 新闻、消息、承诺 可数名词 词、话语 ★小试身手★ 1) Word has it that she is leaving. (word has it that 是惯用语用法，表示有消息说，eg. Legend has it that…… 有传说说 【学生版不出现】) 有消息传来 2) Please send me word of your safe arrival. 通知我 3) They asked him to leave, in other words, he was fired. 换句话来说 4) He likes to spread the word about the importance of healthy eating. 宣传 ★习惯用语★ keep/break one’s word 履行诺言/ 食言 in other words 换句话说 leave word 留言 eat one’s words 承认错误（收回某人的话） a man of his word 信守诺言的人 the last words 遗言 word for/by word 逐字逐句地 waste one’s words 白费口舌 in a word 总之 have a few words/ a word with sb 与某人谈谈 5. 单复数用法的其他特殊情况： · 比较：CDs (CD’s) Some VIPs (some VIP’s) In the 1990s (1990’s) 6. 一“S” 之差，谬以千里 paper 纸 papers 考卷 good 好的 goods 货物 letter 信件 letters 文学（作品） look 看 looks 外表 glass 杯子 glasses 眼镜 green 绿色 greens 绿叶蔬菜 custom 风俗 customs 海关 time 时间 times 时代 sand 沙 sands 沙滩 iron 铁 irons 脚镣 drink 喝 drinks 饮品 force 武力 forces 军队 spirit 精神 spirits 精力/态度 work 工作 works 工厂/作品 7. 固定词组用复数 in high spirits as follows take turns hurt one’s feelings in rags 兴致高昂 如下 轮流 伤害感情 衣衫褴褛 ★真题试炼★ 6．（2024·甘肃武威·二模）There are some dogs, ________ in that village. A．some chicken and some sheep B．some chickens and some sheep C．some chickens and some sheeps D．some chicken and some sheeps 7．（2024·吉林长春·二模）My teacher gives me much ________ on improving English speaking skills. A．problem B．idea C．advice D．reply 8．（2024·西藏日喀则·一模）Our English teacher gave us ________ on how to learn English. A．some advices B．an advice C．a piece of advice D．one advice 9．（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）—It’s said that the two ________doctors have just come back from Shanghai. —Yeah. I know them. They are both already in their ________. A．woman; forty B．women; fortieth C．women; forties D．woman; forties 10．（2025·陕西西安·二模）A group of ________ are having a great time ________ Shaanxi History Museum now. A．visitors; visit B．visitors; visiting C．visitor; visit D．visitor; visiting 11．（2024·上海崇明·二模）I had to remove some _________ from the house to make room for my new piano. A．desk B．chair C．bookshelf D．furniture 12．（2024·河北承德·二模）I was told that two ________ teachers would teach us English and chemistry next term. A．woman B．women C．woman’s D．women’s 13．（2024·河北邢台·三模）Tom is very helpful and often gives me ________ on how to improve my Math. A．an advice B．some advice C．some suggestion D．advise 14．（2024·广东珠海·模拟预测）The artist ________ day and night and many of his art pieces are famous ________. A．work, works B．works, works C．works, work D．work, work 15．（2025·陕西西安·二模）I live a healthy life. I often have ________ and ________ for lunch. A．fish; eggs B．fishes; egg C．chickens; carrots D．chicken; carrot 模块三 修饰可数名词的词和词组 请翻译下列词组： 一群人 a group /crowd of people 一两天 a couple of days 一些亲戚 (a) few relatives 几台电脑 some computers 大量的乘客 a large number of passengers 很多记者 a lot of/lots of reporters 很多地方 many places 顶尖学生中的一个 one of the top students 数以百年 hundreds of years 数以千年 thousands of years 数以万年 tens of thousands of years 两千年 two thousand years 一副眼镜/一双鞋/一条裤子/一把剪刀 a pair of glasses/shoes/trousers/scissors 模块四 中考常见不可数名词 忠告 advice 天气 weather 麻烦 trouble 黄油 butter 空气 air 乐趣 fun 玻璃 Glass 损坏 damage 草 grass 作业 Homework 家务活 housework 钱 money 信息 information 冰 ice 纸 paper 知识 knowledge 新闻 news 交通 traffic ★真题试炼★ 16．（2024·四川广元·二模）—Would you like something to eat? —Yes, I’d like some ________. A．apple B．milk C．bread D．water 17．（2024·河北沧州·一模）I want to ask Martha for ________ when I see her. A．some advices B．advice C．an advice D．a piece advice 18．（2024·吉林松原·一模）—What would you like to drink, girl? —______, please. A．Two cup of coffee B．Two cups of coffees C．Two cups of coffee 19．（2024·西藏日喀则·一模）Mr. Black gave me ________ on how to play basketball better. A．an advice B．lots of advices C．some advice D．some advices 20．（2024·上海金山·二模）This article offers much useful ________ on how to lose weight and keep healthy. A．topic B．tip C．suggestion D．information 模块五 修饰不可数名词的词和词组 铁的原则：不可数名词与(可数)量词连用=可数（对量词的数变化） 请用量词+不可数名词的形式翻译下列词组： 一件衣服/家具 an article/piece of clothing/furniture 两块巧克力/肥皂 two bars of chocolate/soap 一瓶墨水/牛奶/酒 a bottle of ink/milk/wine 一点食物 (a) little food 一些工作/建议 some work/advice 很多新闻 a lot of/lots of news 大量信息 huge amounts of information ♥Attention♥ “万能搭”a piece of： advice/bread/cake/chalk/cloth/clothing/equipment/furniture/information/kindness/land/news/paper/wood/work 可数名词与不可数名词修饰量词表 只能修饰可数名词 只能修饰不可数名词 可数/不可数名词均可修饰 alarge/ huge/great number of the number of dozens of scores of hundreds of (a) few several many (a) a great deal of a large amount of the amount of huge amounts of a large sum of (一大笔) (a) little a bit much plenty of/ a lot of lots of/ a large quantity of quantities of(谓语动词用复数) the quantity of ★区分总结★ 度量衡单位的原则(单复数变化)： 中国度量衡 one/five yuan two/four Jiao three Jin ten mu 外国度量衡 3 dollars 15 pounds 20 miles 12 kilometers 模块六 名词的所有格 总体规律：名词所有格有三种形式：’s所有格，of所有格和同时具备前两种格的双重所有格。 1. -’s所有格： 一般是在词尾，若原词已有复数词尾-s，则只要在-s后加 (’) · David’s car my brother’s notebook my sisters’ toy Children’ s Day Women’ s Day the People’s Square 2. of所有格：这种所有格常用于无生命的东西。 a. the A of C名词拥有较长的定语。 · The sound of the children playing, the name of the girl standing outside, the contribution of science and technology b. 表示地理、机构、集体等的名词可用of或-’s表所有格。 · The population of the city或the city’s population, the plan of the family或the family’s plan等。 c. 在某人的家或工作地 · at Mr Green’s to my uncle’s at the tailor’s at the doctor’s ♥Attention♥ 共有还是私藏 · Jane and Mary’s father Jane’s and Tom’s fathers 3. 双重所有格： a book of my friend’s some friends of his father’s a. 双重所有格中的第二个名词总是指人，不指物。 · a page of the book’s (×) 应改为a page of the book. b. 双重所有格中的第一个名词常有不定冠词 (a/an) 或that等词，而第二个名词总是特指the。 the friend of the doctor’s ( 错 ) a friend of the doctor’s ( 对 ) that friend of my brother’s (√) ♥Attention♥ · a picture of my sister’s (画是我姐姐的) a picture of my sister(画中人是我姐姐) 在用-’s和of皆可表示名词所有格时，强调有别。 · China’s development (强调development) The development of China ( 强调China ) ★真题试炼★ 21．（2024·云南红河·二模）________ fathers are firefighters. They were involved in fighting the mountain fires in Dali. A．Tom and Bob’s B．Tom’s and Bob’s C．Tom’s and Bob D．Tom and Bob 22．（2024·西藏·中考真题）________ father works in the police station. A．Eric and Helen’s B．Eric and Helen C．Eric’s and Helen D．Eric’s and Helen’s 23．（24-25九年级上·甘肃陇南·期末）—A beautiful farm! —It’s my ________. And he has many animals on the farm. A．uncle’s B．uncles C．uncles’ D．uncle 24．（2024·河北承德·二模）Which classmate is the best friend of ________? A．you B．your C．yours D．yourself 25．（23-24七年级上·陕西西安·期中）—Where ________ Lucy and Lily’s bedroom? —It’s next to their ________ bedroom. A．are; grandparents B．is; grandparents’ C．is; grandparents D．are; grandparents’ 模块七 名词的性 1. actor actress 1. waiter 1. waitress 1. headmaster headmistress 1. host 1. hostess prince princess 1. emperor 1. empress god goddess 1. steward 1. stewardess tiger tigress 1. lion 1. lioness 模块八 冠词的分类 冠词 不定冠词（泛指） a 用于辅音音素或半元音音素前 an 用于元音音素前 定冠词（特指） the ★真题试炼★ 26．（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）Linda often plays ________ piano after school. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 27．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）I want to be _______ scientist like Qian Xuesen when I grow up. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 28．（2024·西藏·中考真题）Zhan Tianyou is ________ engineer and he is called the “Father of China’s Railroad”. A．/ B．a C．an D．the 29．（2024·四川·中考真题）Can you lend me ________ book that you bought yesterday? A．an B．the C．a D．不填 模块九 不定冠词的用法 不定冠词a/an常表示泛指 1. 泛指人或物 · He will be a teacher in five years. 2. 表示数量“一个” · There is a book and two pencils on the desk. 3. 某些习惯用语中 · take a look have a rest have a swim go on a diet have a good time make a decision make a living do sb. a favor give sb. a hand in a minute 4. 有些特殊情况中，专有名词前必须加不定冠词，表示具有某种特性的人或物、某一位不认识的人或某个不确定的时间。 · I know a Leonardo, but not the famous one. 我认识一个叫莱昂纳多的人，但不是有名气的那个。 ★真题试炼★ 30．（2024·吉林·中考真题）There is _________ river near our school. We never throw rubbish into it. A．the B．a C．/ 31．（2024·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·中考真题）It’s reported that it’ll be rainy today. Remember to take ________ umbrella with you, Cindy. A．a B．an C．the 32．（2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）Beijing, ________ capital of China, is ________ city with a long history. A．/; the B．a; the C．the; a 33．（2024·黑龙江·中考真题）—Shenzhou-18 with three astronauts was sent up on April 25th, 2024. It’s such ________ exciting event. —Yes. And the astronauts are our heroes. I want to be ________ useful person like them. A．a, an B．an, a C．a, the 34．（2024·山东菏泽·中考真题）—What________ interesting book! —Yes, ________book is really amazing. A．a; an B．an; the C．an; a 模块十 定冠词的用法 1. 用于上文已经提到过的事物前 · Give me the book. 2. 用于世界上独一无二的事物前 · the air, the earth, the moon, the sun, the world, the sky, the south ♥Attention♥ space（太空）前不用 3. 用于形容词的比较级、最高级和序数词前 · He is the taller of the two children in his family. （特殊讲解此处特殊的形容词比较级用法） · the largest room, the second story 4. 用于西洋乐器前（中国乐器前不用加定冠词） · play the piano/ guitar · play zither/ erhu ♥Attention♥ a. 序数词前有时也可以用不定冠词a(n)，表示“又一、再一”的泛指意义。 · In spite of the first two failures, he tried a third time. 尽管前两次失败，他又试了第三次。 b. 下列表达在序数词前习惯不用定冠词： · They fell in love at first sight. 他们一见钟情。 5. 江河、海洋、山川、国家（全称）、组织、团体 请翻译下列的词组： 长江 (The) Yangtze River 太平洋 the Pacific Ocean 美国 the United States of America 中国共产党 the Communist Party of China 北京宾馆 Beijing Hotel 自由女神像 the Statue of Liberty 6. 表时间和空间 a. 空间：the east，the west，the south，the north，the front，the back，the left，the right。 · The teacher seated his pupils in the back of the classroom. 老师让学生们坐在教室后面。 b. 时间：at the beginning of在…初，in the middle of在…中，at the end of 在…末尾，the past过去，the present现在 7. 用于形容词或分词前表示一类人或事物，谓语动词用复数 穷人 the poor 富人 the rich 老人 the old 年轻人 the young 病人 the sick 死人 the dead 盲人 the blind 伤者 the wounded 好人 the good 美人 the beautiful 不认识的人 the unknown 失业者 the unemployed 残疾人 the disabled 长者 the elderly 8. 动词+宾语＋介词＋the +身体部位 · He took the thief by the hand. · The ball hit the boy on the nose. · The woman hit the man in the face. 9. the +姓氏的复数表示这一家人 · The Turners are sitting at the breakfast table. ★真题试炼★ 35．（2024·四川凉山·中考真题）—What’s ______ matter with you, Jerry? —I have a headache. A．a B．/ C．the 36．（2024·甘肃白银·中考真题）I bought a new computer last weekend. ________ computer is made in China. A．A B．An C．The D．/ 37．（2024·天津·中考真题）My grandma has got ________ garden. And ________ flowers in it are beautiful. A．a; the B．an; the C．不填; 不填 D．an; 不填 38．（2024·上海·模拟预测）You miss ________ “s” in ________ word “discuss”. A．a, a B．an, a C．an, the D．a, the 39．（2024·广东珠海·模拟预测）________ of ________ Class Four students have joined the singing group. A．Four-fifths, the B．Four-fifth, the C．Four-fifths,  / D．Four-fifth,  / 模块十一 零冠词的用法 1. 称呼、头衔作表语、同位语、补语 · He is head of the organization.（头衔，表语） 2. 学科、球类、棋类 · Do you study maths? · He likes playing football/chess. 3. By+n a. 表示交通工具，方式方法 · by air, by bus, by bike, by train, take a bus, come in a boat, on the train/bus, ride a bike b. 依据……行事 · by weight 4. 语言名称： · Chinese, English, French 5. 词组比较:（定冠词与零冠词用法） in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在医院 in front of 在前方 in the front of 在前部 out of question 无疑的 out of the question 不可能的 at table 进餐 at the table 坐在桌子旁 ★真题试炼★ 40．（2024·内蒙古兴安盟·二模）—Shall we play ________ football this afternoon? —Good idea! Do you have ________ football? A．the; a B．a; a C．/; / D．/; a 41．（2024·上海浦东新·一模）The boys are going to take part in the City Games ________ this coming Sunday. A．a B．an C．/ D．the 42．（2024·吉林长春·模拟预测）My father keeps on playing ________ volleyball every day to keep healthy. A．an B．the C．a D．/ 43．（2024·甘肃张掖·二模）Let’s play ________ tennis this afternoon. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 44．（2024·江苏宿迁·一模）Nancy’s grandfather is ______ 85-year-old man, but he can still play ______ table tennis now. A．a, a B．a, the C．an, / D．an, the 模块十二 2024年各省市中考模考真题综合训练 45．（2024·云南昆明·二模）March 14th is the International Pi(π) Day. It is about ________ special number. The ancient Chinese scientist Zu Chongzhi first measured it. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 46．（2024·广东珠海·模拟预测）James won first prize and will be ________ exchange student in New Zealand next year. A．the B．/ C．an D．a 47．（2024·天津·一模）All _______ received fresh flowers on Women's Day. A．woman teachers B．women teacher C．women teachers D．woman teacher 48．（2024·上海杨浦·三模）I’m worried about the _______ of the medicine. A．safe B．safety C．save D．safely 49．（2024·吉林松原·二模）Would you please show the way to the ________ shop? A．shoe’s B．shoes C．shoes’ D．shoe 50．（2024·海南省直辖县级单位·一模）—I think space ________ is very funny. —Really? I hope that I can ________ to the moon one day. A．fly; flight B．flying; flight C．flight; fly 51．（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）—There will be a new railway station in Nantong. ________ exciting news! —Yes, it is ________ great help to us. And we’ll have another choice for travelling. A．What; the B．What an; the C．What an; a D．What; a 52．（2024·江苏常州·一模）________ film YOLO tells the story of ________ overweight woman who is tired of the world, finding herself and learning to love life through boxing. A．The; a B．A; the C．The; an D．A; an 53．（2024·广东珠海·模拟预测）________ lady over there is ________ university professor. A．A, the B．The, an C．The, a D．The, the 54．（2024·吉林·模拟预测）What ________ unusual school trip we had last weekend! And I will never forget it. A．a B．an C．the 55．（2024·甘肃嘉峪关·模拟预测）An English-Chinese dictionary is ________ useful tool. It can help them understand ________ words and expressions they don’t know. A．an; a B．a; the C．an; the D．a; an 56．（2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模）Dear boys and girls, it’s just ________ usual exam, please finish it as ________ as you can. A．an; careful B．a; more carefully C．a; carefully 57．（2025·安徽·模拟预测）The Anhui government launched a new initiative to protect the Yangtze River’s ecosystem. ________ project aims to restore wetlands and reduce pollution. A．A B．An C．The D．/ 58．（2025·吉林·模拟预测）—Have you seen ________ movie Hi, Mom? It’s really moving. —Yes, I have. I went to see it with my family last weekend. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 59．（2025·江苏连云港·模拟预测）India is _______ Asian country with a large number of people. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 60．（2024·湖南湘潭·一模）—Are all the students from ________ in your class? —No, there are only 3 ________ in our class. The others are from other countries. A．Germany, Germen B．Germany, Germans C．German, Germans D．German, Germany 61．（2024·陕西西安·三模）His pet dog ________ for many years and the ________ of the dog made her very sad. A．has died; dying B．has died; death C．has been dead; dying D．has been dead; death 62．（2024·湖北武汉·一模）The subway station is about ________ walk from my home. A．ten minutes B．ten minutes’ C．ten-minutes D．ten minute 63．（2024·甘肃武威·二模）I don’t think _________ should be allowed to drive a car. A．sixteen-year-old B．sixteen-year-olds C．sixteen-years-old D．sixteen years old 64．（2024·甘肃武威·三模）—What will you do after your _________ from senior high school, Tim? —Well, I'll go to college. A．graduate B．graduates C．graduated D．graduation 65．（2024·西藏日喀则·一模）It’s easy to travel from Nyingchi to Lhasa by taking the high-speed railway. It’s only________. A．four hours’ ride B．four hour’s ride C．four hours ride D．four-hours ride 66．（2024·西藏日喀则·一模）The online shop sells ________ shoes at a very low price. A．child and men’s B．children and men’s C．children’s and men D．children’s and men’s 67．（2024·天津河东·二模）—Do you know David is ______ cousin? —Yes, and I am a friend of ______. Nice to meet you. A．mine; him B．my; his C．mine; his D．my; him 68．（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·三模）Her mother bought ________ for her. A．two pair of shoe B．two pair of shoes C．two pairs of shoes 69．（2024·四川乐山·一模）—Are all the students from ________ in your class? —No, there are only three ________ in our class. The others are from other countries. A．Germany; Germen B．Germany; Germans C．German; Germans 70．（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）—Though Millie has failed, let’s give her ________ second chance to show her skills. —I agree. We hope she won’t miss ________ chance and achieve success. A．an, a B．the, 不填 C．a, the D．the, the 71．（2024·江苏常州·三模）Peter read ______ unusual report from CHINA DAILY on August 8. ______ content of it was about people in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei fighting against floods. A．a; A B．a; The C．an; The D．an; An 72．（2024·云南楚雄·二模）I found ________ old coin by ________ road while I was walking my dog this morning. A．an; the B．a; a C．an; a D．a; the 73．（2025·吉林·模拟预测）She likes playing ________ piano, but her brother likes playing ________ football. A．the; the B．the; / C．/; the D．/; / 74．（2024·江苏宿迁·一模）—Mum, you look so tired. What’s wrong? —I did ________ housework this morning. Maybe I need a rest now. A．three hour’s B．three hours of C．three-hour of D．three-hours’ 2 1 迎战新中考，周周有练习，月月有重点！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024-2025学年一线教师制作中考英语总复习系列资料，名师精选！ chapter 6 名词与冠词 笔记 ·模块一 名词的分类 ·模块二 名词的单复数 ·模块三 修饰可数名词的词和词组 ·模块四 中考常见不可数名词 ·模块五 修饰不可数名词的词和词组 ·模块六 名词的所有格 ·模块七 名词的性 ·模块八 冠词的分类 ·模块九 不定冠词的用法 ·模块十 定冠词的用法 ·模块十一 零冠词的用法 ·模块十二 2024年各省市中考模考真题综合训练 模块一 名词的分类 名词 A. 专有名词：具体的人、地、物、机构、团体、月份和节日等专有的名词 如：Alfred Nobel, Africa, February B. 普通名词 a 可数名词 可以用数字计数的名词，如boy，chair b 不可数名词 1)物质名词：如fire, wood, air, water 2)抽象名词：如information,advice,courage ★真题试炼★ 1．（2023·湖南邵阳·中考真题）—What animals did you see on the farm, Tom? —I saw some ________. A．rabbit B．ducks C．sheeps 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你在农场看到了什么动物，汤姆？——我看见一些鸭子。 考查名词的用法。rabbit兔子，名词单数；ducks鸭子，名词复数；sheeps表述错误。some修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词，故选B。 2．（2024·西藏·中考真题）There are many famous ________ in the Chinese history. A．woman hero B．women heroes C．women hero D．woman heroes 【答案】B 【详解】句意：中国历史上有许多著名的女英雄。 考查名词复数。含有woman修饰名词时，变为复数时，需要将woman和所修饰词一起变为复数；hero的复数是heroes，因此women heroes符合句意，故选B。 3．（2023·湖南郴州·中考真题）My parents took me to the amusement park on ________ Day. There were so many exciting things to do there. A．Children’s B．Children C．Child’s 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我的父母在儿童节带我去了游乐园。在那里有很多令人兴奋的事情可做。 考查名词所有格。根据“My parents took me to the amusement park on…Day.”及结合选项可知，此处表示“儿童节”，children“孩子们”，修饰名词Day应该用其所有格形式。故选A。 4．（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）—What’s your favourite weekday, Frank? —________, because the next day is Saturday. Then I can have a rest. A．Monday B．Friday C．Sunday 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你最喜欢的工作日是哪一天，Frank？——星期五，因为第二天是星期六。然后我可以休息一下。 考查名词辨析。Monday星期一；Friday星期五；Sunday星期日。根据“because the next day is Saturday.”可知，Frank最喜欢的工作日是星期五。故选B。 5．（2023·甘肃甘南·中考真题）Three fifths of the teachers in our school are ________. A．man teachers B．men teachers C．women teacher 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们学校五分之三的教师是男教师。 考查名词复数。根据“Three fifths of the teachers in our school”可知此处用名词复数，man/woman teacher的复数是men/women teachers。故选B。 模块二 名词的单复数 1. 单数变复数的一般规则，请将下列单词变为复数形式： 构成方法 例词 一般在词尾加-s horse—horses mile—miles 以-s, -x, -sh, -ch结尾的词加-es box—boxes glass—glasses brush—brushes 以o结尾的词加-s或-es 有生命加-es hero—heroes potato- potatoes Negro—Negroes 无生命加-s photo—photos piano-pianos zoo-zoos 特例 motto—mottos/mottoes, *kangaroo-kangaroos,volcano- volcanoes 以-y结尾的词 以辅音字母加-y结尾的词，变y为i, 加-es battery—batteries country—countries 以元音字母加-y结尾的词直接加-s monkey—monkeys day—days 以-f或-fe结尾的词 f, fe变为v再加-es wolf—wolves wife—wives 个别词直接加-s roof—roofs belief—beliefs scarf- scarves /scarfs 2. 特殊变化有下列情况: man men medium media Roman Romans child children woman women mouse mice businesswoman businesswomen ox oxen goose geese foot feet German Germans tooth teeth · There are many men doctors in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology.（妇产科） ♥Attention♥ man/woman男人、女人双变原则 a man nurse some men nurses a woman doctor women doctors boyfriends maidservants women servants lady drivers 3. 单复数同形的情况： sheep-sheep Chinese-Chinese means-means species-species craft及由-craft（spacecraft，aircraft）构成的名词 deer-deer Japanese-Japanese Swiss-Swiss series-series The only means to achieve success is to appeal to law（诉诸法律）. All means have been tried out to increase agricultural production. 4. 单复数特别用法： a. word 的特别用法： word 不可数名词 新闻、消息、承诺 可数名词 词、话语 ★小试身手★ 1) Word has it that she is leaving. (word has it that 是惯用语用法，表示有消息说，eg. Legend has it that…… 有传说说 【学生版不出现】) 有消息传来 2) Please send me word of your safe arrival. 通知我 3) They asked him to leave, in other words, he was fired. 换句话来说 4) He likes to spread the word about the importance of healthy eating. 宣传 ★习惯用语★ keep/break one’s word 履行诺言/ 食言 in other words 换句话说 leave word 留言 eat one’s words 承认错误（收回某人的话） a man of his word 信守诺言的人 the last words 遗言 word for/by word 逐字逐句地 waste one’s words 白费口舌 in a word 总之 have a few words/ a word with sb 与某人谈谈 5. 单复数用法的其他特殊情况： · 比较：CDs (CD’s) Some VIPs (some VIP’s) In the 1990s (1990’s) 6. 一“S” 之差，谬以千里 paper 纸 papers 考卷 good 好的 goods 货物 letter 信件 letters 文学（作品） look 看 looks 外表 glass 杯子 glasses 眼镜 green 绿色 greens 绿叶蔬菜 custom 风俗 customs 海关 time 时间 times 时代 sand 沙 sands 沙滩 iron 铁 irons 脚镣 drink 喝 drinks 饮品 force 武力 forces 军队 spirit 精神 spirits 精力/态度 work 工作 works 工厂/作品 7. 固定词组用复数 in high spirits as follows take turns hurt one’s feelings in rags 兴致高昂 如下 轮流 伤害感情 衣衫褴褛 ★真题试炼★ 6．（2024·甘肃武威·二模）There are some dogs, ________ in that village. A．some chicken and some sheep B．some chickens and some sheep C．some chickens and some sheeps D．some chicken and some sheeps 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在那个村子里有一些狗，一些鸡和一些羊。 考查名词的数。可数名词chicken“小鸡”被some修饰，应用复数形式chickens，sheep“绵羊”单复数同形。故选B。 7．（2024·吉林长春·二模）My teacher gives me much ________ on improving English speaking skills. A．problem B．idea C．advice D．reply 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我的老师给我了很多关于提高英语口语技能的建议。 考查名词辨析。problem问题；idea主意；advice建议；reply回复。much修饰不可数名词，只有“advice”为不可数名词，并且符合句意，故选C。 8．（2024·西藏日喀则·一模）Our English teacher gave us ________ on how to learn English. A．some advices B．an advice C．a piece of advice D．one advice 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们的英语老师给了我们一条如何学习英语的建议。 考查不可数名词。advice“建议”，不可数名词，因此不能用an或one修饰，也没有复数，a piece of advice“一条建议”。故选C。 9．（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）—It’s said that the two ________doctors have just come back from Shanghai. —Yeah. I know them. They are both already in their ________. A．woman; forty B．women; fortieth C．women; forties D．woman; forties 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——据说这两位女医生刚从上海回来。——是啊。我认识她们。她们俩都已经四十多岁了。 考查名词复数和年龄段表达。以man、woman修饰的职业名称变复数时，man、woman也要变成复数，第一空后名词doctors为复数，所以此处应用women； in one’s +整十的复数，表示“在某人几十岁时”。故选C。 10．（2025·陕西西安·二模）A group of ________ are having a great time ________ Shaanxi History Museum now. A．visitors; visit B．visitors; visiting C．visitor; visit D．visitor; visiting 【答案】B 【详解】句意：一群游客正在陕西历史博物馆玩得很开心。 考查可数名词复数形式和动词形式。visitors游客（可数名词复数）；visitor游客（可数名词单数）；visit参观（动词原形或名词）；visiting参观（现在分词，作状语）。A group of“一群”，后接复数名词；have a great time doing sth“做某事玩得开心”。故选B。 11．（2024·上海崇明·二模）I had to remove some _________ from the house to make room for my new piano. A．desk B．chair C．bookshelf D．furniture 【答案】D 【详解】句意：为了给我的新钢琴腾地方，我不得不从房子里搬走一些家具。 考查名词。desk课桌，可数名词单数；chair椅子，可数名词单数；bookshelf书架，可数名词单数；furniture家具，不可数名词。some后接可数名词复数或不可数名词，所以是furniture。故选D。 12．（2024·河北承德·二模）I was told that two ________ teachers would teach us English and chemistry next term. A．woman B．women C．woman’s D．women’s 【答案】B 【详解】句意：有人告诉我下学期将有两位女老师教我们英语和化学。 考查复合名词的复数。“man/woman+名词”构成的复合名词，两个词都要变成复数，women teachers“女老师”。故选B。 13．（2024·河北邢台·三模）Tom is very helpful and often gives me ________ on how to improve my Math. A．an advice B．some advice C．some suggestion D．advise 【答案】B 【详解】句意：汤姆很乐于助人，经常给我一些关于如何提高数学水平的建议。 考查可数名词与不可数名词的复数形式。advice建议，不可数名词；suggestion建议，可数名词；advise建议，动词。根据语境可知，此处是经常给我一些建议，give sb sth表示“给某人某物”，空处需填名词复数或不可数名词，排除A和D，又因suggestion为可数名词，some后需用复数形式suggestions，排除C。故选B。 14．（2024·广东珠海·模拟预测）The artist ________ day and night and many of his art pieces are famous ________. A．work, works B．works, works C．works, work D．work, work 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这位艺术家日夜工作，他的许多艺术作品都是著名的作品。 考查动词和名词辨析。“work”既可作动词，表示“工作”，也可作“名词”，表示作品，第一空根据“The artist ... day and night”可知，此处表达“这位艺术家日夜工作”，需用动词，本句时态为一般现在时，主语为“The artist”，第三人称单数，谓语需用三单形式。第二空根据“many of his art pieces are famous”可知，此处表达为“作品”，根据“many of his art pieces are”可知，需填名词复数。故选B。 15．（2025·陕西西安·二模）I live a healthy life. I often have ________ and ________ for lunch. A．fish; eggs B．fishes; egg C．chickens; carrots D．chicken; carrot 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我过着健康的生活。我午餐经常吃鱼和鸡蛋。 考查名词的单复数形式。fish作为“鱼肉”时单复数同形；eggs是egg的复数形式；fishes通常指不同种类的鱼；chickens通常指鸡的复数；chicken鸡肉；carrots是carrot的复数形式。此处是关于午餐食物，因此fishes和chickens不符合，排除B、C，D项carrot应用复数形式，故选A。 模块三 修饰可数名词的词和词组 请翻译下列词组： 一群人 a group /crowd of people 一两天 a couple of days 一些亲戚 (a) few relatives 几台电脑 some computers 大量的乘客 a large number of passengers 很多记者 a lot of/lots of reporters 很多地方 many places 顶尖学生中的一个 one of the top students 数以百年 hundreds of years 数以千年 thousands of years 数以万年 tens of thousands of years 两千年 two thousand years 一副眼镜/一双鞋/一条裤子/一把剪刀 a pair of glasses/shoes/trousers/scissors 模块四 中考常见不可数名词 忠告 advice 天气 weather 麻烦 trouble 黄油 butter 空气 air 乐趣 fun 玻璃 Glass 损坏 damage 草 grass 作业 Homework 家务活 housework 钱 money 信息 information 冰 ice 纸 paper 知识 knowledge 新闻 news 交通 traffic ★真题试炼★ 16．（2024·四川广元·二模）—Would you like something to eat? —Yes, I’d like some ________. A．apple B．milk C．bread D．water 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你想吃点什么吗？——是的，我想要一些面包。 考查名词辨析。apple苹果，可数名词单数；milk牛奶，不可数名词；bread面包，不可数名词；water水，不可数名词。根据“something to eat”可排除BD；some后接可数名词复数或不可数名词，排除A。故选C。 17．（2024·河北沧州·一模）I want to ask Martha for ________ when I see her. A．some advices B．advice C．an advice D．a piece advice 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当我看见Martha的时候，我想问她要一些建议。 考查不可数名词。advice建议，不可数名词，前面不能用不定冠词a/an，后面不能加s。表示一条建议用a piece of advice。故选B。 18．（2024·吉林松原·一模）—What would you like to drink, girl? —______, please. A．Two cup of coffee B．Two cups of coffees C．Two cups of coffee 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——姑娘，你想喝点什么？——两杯咖啡。 考查名词用法。coffee“咖啡”为不可数名词，但修饰它的量词可数，表示复数含义时，可以在量词上进行变化。故Two cups of coffee表示“两杯咖啡”。故选C。 19．（2024·西藏日喀则·一模）Mr. Black gave me ________ on how to play basketball better. A．an advice B．lots of advices C．some advice D．some advices 【答案】C 【详解】句意：布莱克先生就如何更好地打篮球给了我一些建议。 考查不可数名词。advice“建议”，不可数名词；不可数名词前不可直接用不定冠词修饰，排除A；不可数名词不可直接加s变为复数，排除B和D；some“一些”，后接可数名词复数或不可数名词。故选C。 20．（2024·上海金山·二模）This article offers much useful ________ on how to lose weight and keep healthy. A．topic B．tip C．suggestion D．information 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这篇文章提供了很多关于如何减肥和保持健康的有用信息。 考查名词辨析。topic主题，可数名词；tip建议，可数名词；suggestion建议，可数名词；information信息，不可数名词。much修饰不可数名词，故选D。 模块五 修饰不可数名词的词和词组 铁的原则：不可数名词与(可数)量词连用=可数（对量词的数变化） 请用量词+不可数名词的形式翻译下列词组： 一件衣服/家具 an article/piece of clothing/furniture 两块巧克力/肥皂 two bars of chocolate/soap 一瓶墨水/牛奶/酒 a bottle of ink/milk/wine 一点食物 (a) little food 一些工作/建议 some work/advice 很多新闻 a lot of/lots of news 大量信息 huge amounts of information ♥Attention♥ “万能搭”a piece of： advice/bread/cake/chalk/cloth/clothing/equipment/furniture/information/kindness/land/news/paper/wood/work 可数名词与不可数名词修饰量词表 只能修饰可数名词 只能修饰不可数名词 可数/不可数名词均可修饰 alarge/ huge/great number of the number of dozens of scores of hundreds of (a) few several many (a) a great deal of a large amount of the amount of huge amounts of a large sum of (一大笔) (a) little a bit much plenty of/ a lot of lots of/ a large quantity of quantities of(谓语动词用复数) the quantity of ★区分总结★ 度量衡单位的原则(单复数变化)： 中国度量衡 one/five yuan two/four Jiao three Jin ten mu 外国度量衡 3 dollars 15 pounds 20 miles 12 kilometers 模块六 名词的所有格 总体规律：名词所有格有三种形式：’s所有格，of所有格和同时具备前两种格的双重所有格。 1. -’s所有格： 一般是在词尾，若原词已有复数词尾-s，则只要在-s后加 (’) · David’s car my brother’s notebook my sisters’ toy Children’ s Day Women’ s Day the People’s Square 2. of所有格：这种所有格常用于无生命的东西。 a. the A of C名词拥有较长的定语。 · The sound of the children playing, the name of the girl standing outside, the contribution of science and technology b. 表示地理、机构、集体等的名词可用of或-’s表所有格。 · The population of the city或the city’s population, the plan of the family或the family’s plan等。 c. 在某人的家或工作地 · at Mr Green’s to my uncle’s at the tailor’s at the doctor’s ♥Attention♥ 共有还是私藏 · Jane and Mary’s father Jane’s and Tom’s fathers 3. 双重所有格： a book of my friend’s some friends of his father’s a. 双重所有格中的第二个名词总是指人，不指物。 · a page of the book’s (×) 应改为a page of the book. b. 双重所有格中的第一个名词常有不定冠词 (a/an) 或that等词，而第二个名词总是特指the。 the friend of the doctor’s ( 错 ) a friend of the doctor’s ( 对 ) that friend of my brother’s (√) ♥Attention♥ · a picture of my sister’s (画是我姐姐的) a picture of my sister(画中人是我姐姐) 在用-’s和of皆可表示名词所有格时，强调有别。 · China’s development (强调development) The development of China ( 强调China ) ★真题试炼★ 21．（2024·云南红河·二模）________ fathers are firefighters. They were involved in fighting the mountain fires in Dali. A．Tom and Bob’s B．Tom’s and Bob’s C．Tom’s and Bob D．Tom and Bob 【答案】B 【详解】句意：汤姆和鲍勃的父亲都是消防员。他们参加了大理山火的灭火工作。 考查名词所有格。根据“fathers”可知，是两个人各自的父亲，分别在人称后加’s，故选B。 22．（2024·西藏·中考真题）________ father works in the police station. A．Eric and Helen’s B．Eric and Helen C．Eric’s and Helen D．Eric’s and Helen’s 【答案】A 【详解】句意：Eric和Helen的爸爸在警察局工作。 考查名词所有格。此空修饰名词father，应用名词所有格，排除B选项；father是单数，此处表示两个人共同的父亲，在最后一个人名后加’s，故选A。 23．（24-25九年级上·甘肃陇南·期末）—A beautiful farm! —It’s my ________. And he has many animals on the farm. A．uncle’s B．uncles C．uncles’ D．uncle 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——一个漂亮的农场！——它是我叔叔的。并且他在农场里有很多动物。 考查名词所有格。uncle’s叔叔的；uncles叔叔们；uncles’叔叔们的；uncle叔叔。根据“It’s my ... And he has many animals on the farm.”可知，此处指农场是我叔叔的，用uncle’s。故选A。 24．（2024·河北承德·二模）Which classmate is the best friend of ________? A．you B．your C．yours D．yourself 【答案】C 【详解】句意：哪位同学是你最好的朋友？ 考查代词辨析。you你，你们，主格或宾格；your你的，你们的，形容词性物主代词；yours你的，你们的，名词性物主代词；yourself你自己，反身代词。根据“the best friend of”及选项词汇可知此处表示“你的最好的朋友”，介词of后应用名词性物主代词yours，指代your friends；其中“of+-’s所有格/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格。故选C。 25．（23-24七年级上·陕西西安·期中）—Where ________ Lucy and Lily’s bedroom? —It’s next to their ________ bedroom. A．are; grandparents B．is; grandparents’ C．is; grandparents D．are; grandparents’ 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——露西和莉莉的卧室在哪里？——它在他们祖父母的卧室旁边。 考查主谓一致及名词所有格。第一句主语是“Lucy and Lily’s bedroom”，是单数名词，be动词用is，排除A/D选项；第二句指的是“祖父母的卧室”，应用所有格形式，故选B。 模块七 名词的性 1. actor actress 1. waiter 1. waitress 1. headmaster headmistress 1. host 1. hostess prince princess 1. emperor 1. empress god goddess 1. steward 1. stewardess tiger tigress 1. lion 1. lioness 模块八 冠词的分类 冠词 不定冠词（泛指） a 用于辅音音素或半元音音素前 an 用于元音音素前 定冠词（特指） the ★真题试炼★ 26．（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）Linda often plays ________ piano after school. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】C 【详解】句意：琳达放学后经常弹钢琴。 考查冠词用法。piano是乐器，其前应加定冠词the。play the piano“弹钢琴”。故选C。 27．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）I want to be _______ scientist like Qian Xuesen when I grow up. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我长大后想成为像钱学森一样的科学家。 考查冠词的用法。此处泛指一位科学家，“scientist”首字母发辅音音素，故选A。 28．（2024·西藏·中考真题）Zhan Tianyou is ________ engineer and he is called the “Father of China’s Railroad”. A．/ B．a C．an D．the 【答案】C 【详解】句意：詹天佑是一名工程师，他被称为“中国铁路之父”。 考查冠词用法。此处表示泛指，engineer以元音音素开头，前面应使用不定冠词an。故选C。 29．（2024·四川·中考真题）Can you lend me ________ book that you bought yesterday? A．an B．the C．a D．不填 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你能把你昨天买的书借给我吗？ 考查冠词。根据“book that you bought yesterday”可知此处特指昨天买的书，用定冠词the。故选B。 模块九 不定冠词的用法 不定冠词a/an常表示泛指 1. 泛指人或物 · He will be a teacher in five years. 2. 表示数量“一个” · There is a book and two pencils on the desk. 3. 某些习惯用语中 · take a look have a rest have a swim go on a diet have a good time make a decision make a living do sb. a favor give sb. a hand in a minute 4. 有些特殊情况中，专有名词前必须加不定冠词，表示具有某种特性的人或物、某一位不认识的人或某个不确定的时间。 · I know a Leonardo, but not the famous one. 我认识一个叫莱昂纳多的人，但不是有名气的那个。 ★真题试炼★ 30．（2024·吉林·中考真题）There is _________ river near our school. We never throw rubbish into it. A．the B．a C．/ 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们学校附近有一条河。我们从不往里面扔垃圾。 考查冠词辨析。the定冠词；a不定冠词，表泛指。此处泛指一条河，且river以辅音音素开头，其前加不定冠词a。故选B。 31．（2024·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·中考真题）It’s reported that it’ll be rainy today. Remember to take ________ umbrella with you, Cindy. A．a B．an C．the 【答案】B 【详解】句意：据报道今天会下雨。辛蒂，记得带把伞。 考查冠词的用法。此处泛指一把雨伞，“umbrella”是元音音素开头，故选B。 32．（2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）Beijing, ________ capital of China, is ________ city with a long history. A．/; the B．a; the C．the; a 【答案】C 【详解】句意：中国首都北京是一个有悠久历史的城市。 考查冠词用法。/零冠词；a不定冠词，表泛指；the定冠词，表特指。根据“capital of China,”可知此处特指中国首都，用定冠词the；第二个空泛指一个城市，用不定冠词a修饰。故选C。 33．（2024·黑龙江·中考真题）—Shenzhou-18 with three astronauts was sent up on April 25th, 2024. It’s such ________ exciting event. —Yes. And the astronauts are our heroes. I want to be ________ useful person like them. A．a, an B．an, a C．a, the 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——神舟十八号搭载三名航天员于2024年4月25日发射升空。这是一个激动人心的事件。——是的。宇航员是我们的英雄。我想成为像他们一样有用的人。 考查冠词辨析。a不定冠词，表泛指，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an不定冠词，表泛指，用于元音音素开头的单词前；the定冠词。第一空泛指一个激动人心的事件，exciting以元音音素发音开头，其前加an。第二空泛指一个有用的人，useful以辅音音素发音开头，其前加a。故选B。 34．（2024·山东菏泽·中考真题）—What________ interesting book! —Yes, ________book is really amazing. A．a; an B．an; the C．an; a 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——多有趣的书啊！——是的，这本书真的很棒。 考查冠词。第一空是泛指一本有趣的书，interesting以元音音素开头，应用an；第二空是特指上文提到的那本书，应用定冠词the。故选B。 模块十 定冠词的用法 1. 用于上文已经提到过的事物前 · Give me the book. 2. 用于世界上独一无二的事物前 · the air, the earth, the moon, the sun, the world, the sky, the south ♥Attention♥ space（太空）前不用 3. 用于形容词的比较级、最高级和序数词前 · He is the taller of the two children in his family. （特殊讲解此处特殊的形容词比较级用法） · the largest room, the second story 4. 用于西洋乐器前（中国乐器前不用加定冠词） · play the piano/ guitar · play zither/ erhu ♥Attention♥ a. 序数词前有时也可以用不定冠词a(n)，表示“又一、再一”的泛指意义。 · In spite of the first two failures, he tried a third time. 尽管前两次失败，他又试了第三次。 b. 下列表达在序数词前习惯不用定冠词： · They fell in love at first sight. 他们一见钟情。 5. 江河、海洋、山川、国家（全称）、组织、团体 请翻译下列的词组： 长江 (The) Yangtze River 太平洋 the Pacific Ocean 美国 the United States of America 中国共产党 the Communist Party of China 北京宾馆 Beijing Hotel 自由女神像 the Statue of Liberty 6. 表时间和空间 a. 空间：the east，the west，the south，the north，the front，the back，the left，the right。 · The teacher seated his pupils in the back of the classroom. 老师让学生们坐在教室后面。 b. 时间：at the beginning of在…初，in the middle of在…中，at the end of 在…末尾，the past过去，the present现在 7. 用于形容词或分词前表示一类人或事物，谓语动词用复数 穷人 the poor 富人 the rich 老人 the old 年轻人 the young 病人 the sick 死人 the dead 盲人 the blind 伤者 the wounded 好人 the good 美人 the beautiful 不认识的人 the unknown 失业者 the unemployed 残疾人 the disabled 长者 the elderly 8. 动词+宾语＋介词＋the +身体部位 · He took the thief by the hand. · The ball hit the boy on the nose. · The woman hit the man in the face. 9. the +姓氏的复数表示这一家人 · The Turners are sitting at the breakfast table. ★真题试炼★ 35．（2024·四川凉山·中考真题）—What’s ______ matter with you, Jerry? —I have a headache. A．a B．/ C．the 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你怎么了，杰瑞？——我头疼。 考查冠词用法。What’s the matter with sb.?“某人怎么了”，固定搭配。故选C。 36．（2024·甘肃白银·中考真题）I bought a new computer last weekend. ________ computer is made in China. A．A B．An C．The D．/ 【答案】C 【详解】句意：上周末我买了一台新电脑。这台电脑是中国制造的。 考查冠词的用法。此处特指前句中提到的电脑，用定冠词the。故选C。 37．（2024·天津·中考真题）My grandma has got ________ garden. And ________ flowers in it are beautiful. A．a; the B．an; the C．不填; 不填 D．an; 不填 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我奶奶有一个花园。里面的花很漂亮。 考查冠词的用法。第一处泛指一个花园，“garden”首字母发辅音音素，用a；第二处特指花园里的花，用定冠词the。故选A。 38．（2024·上海·模拟预测）You miss ________ “s” in ________ word “discuss”. A．a, a B．an, a C．an, the D．a, the 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你在“discuss”这个单词中遗漏了一个“s”。 考查冠词。“a”是不定冠词，用于辅音音素开头单词前；“an”是不定冠词，用于元音音素开头单词前；“the”是定冠词，用于表示特指的事物前。第一空：由于“s”的发音是/es/，以元音音素/e/开头，因此应使用“an”。第二空：此处是一个冠词，修饰“word”，由于“word”是特指“discuss”这个词，因此应使用定冠词“the”。故选C。 39．（2024·广东珠海·模拟预测）________ of ________ Class Four students have joined the singing group. A．Four-fifths, the B．Four-fifth, the C．Four-fifths,  / D．Four-fifth,  / 【答案】A 【详解】句意：四班五分之四的学生加入了歌唱小组。 考查分数表达和定冠词。第一空分数是由基数词和序数词一起来表示的。基数词作分子，序数词作分母，除了分子是“1”以外，其他情况下序数词都要用复数形式，故排除B和D。第二空根据“Class Four students”可知，此处表特指，需用the修饰“students”。故选A。 模块十一 零冠词的用法 1. 称呼、头衔作表语、同位语、补语 · He is head of the organization.（头衔，表语） 2. 学科、球类、棋类 · Do you study maths? · He likes playing football/chess. 3. By+n a. 表示交通工具，方式方法 · by air, by bus, by bike, by train, take a bus, come in a boat, on the train/bus, ride a bike b. 依据……行事 · by weight 4. 语言名称： · Chinese, English, French 5. 词组比较:（定冠词与零冠词用法） in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在医院 in front of 在前方 in the front of 在前部 out of question 无疑的 out of the question 不可能的 at table 进餐 at the table 坐在桌子旁 ★真题试炼★ 40．（2024·内蒙古兴安盟·二模）—Shall we play ________ football this afternoon? —Good idea! Do you have ________ football? A．the; a B．a; a C．/; / D．/; a 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我们今天下午踢足球怎样？——好主意！你有足球么？ 考查冠词。a不定冠词，表泛指，用于辅音音素开头的单词或字母前；the定冠词，表特指；/零冠词。第一空，play football“踢足球”，不用冠词；第二空，football为可数名词，所以此处应用不定冠词a，泛指“一个足球”。故选D。 41．（2024·上海浦东新·一模）The boys are going to take part in the City Games ________ this coming Sunday. A．a B．an C．/ D．the 【答案】C 【详解】句意：男孩们将在这个星期天参加城市运动会。 考查零冠词。Sunday前已有限定词“this”，无需再用冠词。故选C。 42．（2024·吉林长春·模拟预测）My father keeps on playing ________ volleyball every day to keep healthy. A．an B．the C．a D．/ 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我父亲每天坚持打排球以保持健康。 考查冠词。an不定冠词，表泛指，用于以元音音素开头的单词前；the定冠词，表特指；a不定冠词，表泛指，用于以辅音音素开头的单词前；/零冠词。空格后为“volleyball”，指球类运动，其前不需要加定冠词the，空格处应采用零冠词。故选D。 43．（2024·甘肃张掖·二模）Let’s play ________ tennis this afternoon. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】D 【详解】句意：今天下午我们去打网球吧。 考查冠词用法。a不定冠词，表泛指，用在辅音音素开头的单词前；an不定冠词，表泛指，用在元音音素开头的单词前；the定冠词，表特指；/零冠词。球类前不加冠词，play tennis意为“打网球”，故选D。 44．（2024·江苏宿迁·一模）Nancy’s grandfather is ______ 85-year-old man, but he can still play ______ table tennis now. A．a, a B．a, the C．an, / D．an, the 【答案】C 【详解】句意：南希的爷爷已经85岁了，但他现在还会打乒乓球。 考查冠词辨析。a一，后接以辅音音素开头的单词；an一，后接以元音音素开头的单词；the这，定冠词；/零冠词。根据“Nancy’s grandfather is...85-year-old man”可知，南希的爷爷是一名85岁的男性，第一空表泛指，且85的英语表达以元音音素开头，故第一空应用an。根据“play...table tennis”可知，球类前不加冠词，即应用零冠词。故选C。 模块十二 2024年各省市中考模考真题综合训练 45．（2024·云南昆明·二模）March 14th is the International Pi(π) Day. It is about ________ special number. The ancient Chinese scientist Zu Chongzhi first measured it. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】A 【详解】句意 ：3月14日是国际圆周率日。这是一个特殊的数字。中国古代科学家祖冲之首先测量了它。 考查冠词。a一个，修饰辅音音素开头的单词；an一个，修饰元音音素开头的单词；the定冠词表特指；/零冠词。空处泛指一个特殊的数字，且special为辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a修饰。故选A。 46．（2024·广东珠海·模拟预测）James won first prize and will be ________ exchange student in New Zealand next year. A．the B．/ C．an D．a 【答案】C 【详解】句意：詹姆斯获得了一等奖，明年将作为交换生去新西兰。 考查冠词。the特指；/零冠词；an泛指，一个，用于元音音素开头单词前；a泛指，一个，用于辅音音素开头单词前。根据“James won first prize and will be ... exchange student in New Zealand next year.”可知，此处为泛指，且“exchange”为元音音素开头的单词。故选C。 47．（2024·天津·一模）All _______ received fresh flowers on Women's Day. A．woman teachers B．women teacher C．women teachers D．woman teacher 【答案】C 【详解】句意：所有的女老师们都在妇女节这天收到了鲜花。 考查复合名词复数的用法。根据句中“All”可知，此句主语应为复数，woman teacher表示“女教师”，其变化规则为两个名词都变成其复数形式。故选C。 48．（2024·上海杨浦·三模）I’m worried about the _______ of the medicine. A．safe B．safety C．save D．safely 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我担心这种药的安全性。 考查名词的用法。safe安全的，形容词；safety安全，名词；save保存，动词；safely安全地，副词。分析句子可知，介词about后接名词safety作宾语。故选B。 49．（2024·吉林松原·二模）Would you please show the way to the ________ shop? A．shoe’s B．shoes C．shoes’ D．shoe 【答案】D 【详解】句意：请告诉我去鞋店的路好吗？ 考查名词的用法。shoe“鞋子”，名词，作定语修饰名词时，应用单数；shoe shop“鞋店”。故选D。 50．（2024·海南省直辖县级单位·一模）—I think space ________ is very funny. —Really? I hope that I can ________ to the moon one day. A．fly; flight B．flying; flight C．flight; fly 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我认为太空飞行很有趣。——真的吗？我希望有一天我能飞到月球上。 考查fly的用法。fly“飞”，动词，其名词为flight “飞行”；flying是动名词或现在分词。根据“I think space ... is very funny.”可知，此处是作主语，应用名词flight；再根据“I hope that I can ... to the moon one day.”可知，此处指飞到月球，情态动词can后接动词原形。故选C。 51．（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）—There will be a new railway station in Nantong. ________ exciting news! —Yes, it is ________ great help to us. And we’ll have another choice for travelling. A．What; the B．What an; the C．What an; a D．What; a 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——南通将有一个新的火车站。多么激动人心的消息啊！——是的，它对我们帮助很大。这样我们就有另一种旅行方式了。 考查感叹句及冠词。the定冠词，表特指；a不定冠词，表泛指，用于以辅音音素开头的单词前。根据第一个空空后的“news”为不可数名词可知，此处为“‌What+形容词+不可数名词+(主语 + 谓语)!‌”结构的感叹句；根据“it is …great help to us”的语境可知，此处表示泛指的含义，空后的“great”是以辅音音素开头的单词，冠词用a。故选D。 52．（2024·江苏常州·一模）________ film YOLO tells the story of ________ overweight woman who is tired of the world, finding herself and learning to love life through boxing. A．The; a B．A; the C．The; an D．A; an 【答案】C 【详解】句意：电影《热辣滚烫》讲述了一位体重较大的女性厌倦了这个世界，后通过拳击找到了自己，学会了热爱生活的故事。 考查冠词。the定冠词；an用于元音音素前；a用于辅音音素前。根据“film YOLO”可知，“YOLO”是一部特定的电影，应用定冠词“the”；形容词“overweight”的发音以元音音素开头，因此用不定冠词“an”修饰。故选C。 53．（2024·广东珠海·模拟预测）________ lady over there is ________ university professor. A．A, the B．The, an C．The, a D．The, the 【答案】C 【详解】句意：那里的那位女士是一位大学教授。 考查冠词用法。a一个，不定冠词表泛指，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an一个，不定冠词表泛指，用于元音音素开头的单词前；the这个，定冠词表特指。第一个空特指“那边”的女士，应该定冠词the；第二个空泛指“一位大学教授”，且university为辅音音素开头的单词，应用a。故选C。 54．（2024·吉林·模拟预测）What ________ unusual school trip we had last weekend! And I will never forget it. A．a B．an C．the 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们上周末的学校旅行多么不寻常啊！我将永远不会忘记它。 考查冠词辨析。a不定冠词，表示泛指，修饰辅音音素开头的单词；an不定冠词，表示泛指，修饰元音音素开头的单词；the定冠词，表示特指。此处泛指一次学校旅行，且unusual以元音音素开头，所以用an修饰。故选B。 55．（2024·甘肃嘉峪关·模拟预测）An English-Chinese dictionary is ________ useful tool. It can help them understand ________ words and expressions they don’t know. A．an; a B．a; the C．an; the D．a; an 【答案】B 【详解】句意：一本英汉词典是一种有用的工具。它能帮助他们理解那些他们不知道的单词和短语。 考查冠词用法。an不定冠词，表泛指，用于元音音素开头的单词前；a不定冠词，表泛指，用于辅音音素开头的单词前； the定冠词，表特指。“useful”虽然是以元音字母u开头，但其发音是以辅音音素 [juː] 开头，所以第一空用不定冠词a；第二空特指前面提到的“他们不知道的（那些）单词和短语”，表示特指，要用定冠词the。故选B。 56．（2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模）Dear boys and girls, it’s just ________ usual exam, please finish it as ________ as you can. A．an; careful B．a; more carefully C．a; carefully 【答案】C 【详解】句意：亲爱的同学们，这只是一场普通的考试，请尽可能仔细地完成。 考查冠词及副词的用法。an泛指一个，不定冠词，用于元音音素开头的单词前；a泛指一个，不定冠词，用于辅音音素开头的单词前。第一空，usual是以辅音音素开头的单词，用a。careful仔细的，形容词；more carefully更仔细地，副词比较级；carefully仔细地，副词。根据“please finish it as...as you can.”可知此处需使用副词修饰动词finish，且在as...as...“和……一样……”结构中，副词需要使用原级，用carefully。故选C。 57．（2025·安徽·模拟预测）The Anhui government launched a new initiative to protect the Yangtze River’s ecosystem. ________ project aims to restore wetlands and reduce pollution. A．A B．An C．The D．/ 【答案】C 【详解】句意：安徽政府启动了一项新举措来保护长江的生态系统。该项目旨在恢复湿地和减少污染。 考查定冠词的用法。A一个，表泛指，用于以辅音音素开头的单词前；An一个，表泛指，用于以元音音素开头的单词前；The这个，表特指；/零冠词。此处的项目特指前面提到的新举措，用定冠词The。故选C。 58．（2025·吉林·模拟预测）—Have you seen ________ movie Hi, Mom? It’s really moving. —Yes, I have. I went to see it with my family last weekend. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你看过电影《你好，李焕英》吗？它真的很感人。——是的，我看了。上周末我和家人去看了。 考查冠词。a一个，修饰辅音音素开头的单词；an一个，修饰元音音素开头的单词；the定冠词，表特指；/ 零冠词。空处特指《你好，李焕英》这部电影，用定冠词the修饰。故选C。 59．（2025·江苏连云港·模拟预测）India is _______ Asian country with a large number of people. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】B 【详解】句意：印度是一个拥有大量人口的亚洲国家。 考查冠词辨析。a一个，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an一个，用于元音音素开头的单词前；the定冠词，表示特指；/零冠词。句子中“Asian”以元音音素开头，因此应使用不定冠词“an”表示泛指。故选B。 60．（2024·湖南湘潭·一模）—Are all the students from ________ in your class? —No, there are only 3 ________ in our class. The others are from other countries. A．Germany, Germen B．Germany, Germans C．German, Germans D．German, Germany 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你们班上所有的学生都来自德国吗？——不，我们班只有三个德国人。其他的来自其他国家。 考查名词辨析和名词复数。Germany德国；German德国人。根据“from”可知，是指来自德国，应用Germany，排除CD；根据“there are only 3...”可知，指的是德国人，German的复数是Germans。故选B。 61．（2024·陕西西安·三模）His pet dog ________ for many years and the ________ of the dog made her very sad. A．has died; dying B．has died; death C．has been dead; dying D．has been dead; death 【答案】D 【详解】句意：他的宠物狗已经死了很多年了，狗的死使她非常伤心。 考查现在完成时及名词用法。dying垂死的，形容词；death死，名词。根据“for many years”可知时态为现在完成时，其结构为：have/has+done，die为短暂性动词，与一段时间连用需变成延续性动词be dead，主语为His pet dog，助动词用has，所以第一空应填has been dead；再根据“the...of the dog”可知是指狗的死，应用名词death。故选D。 62．（2024·湖北武汉·一模）The subway station is about ________ walk from my home. A．ten minutes B．ten minutes’ C．ten-minutes D．ten minute 【答案】B 【详解】句意：地铁站离我家步行大约十分钟。 考查名词所有格。根据“The subway station is about … walk from my home.”可知，此处是指“十分钟的路程”，应用复数名词的所有格ten minutes’修饰名词walk。故选B。 63．（2024·甘肃武威·二模）I don’t think _________ should be allowed to drive a car. A．sixteen-year-old B．sixteen-year-olds C．sixteen-years-old D．sixteen years old 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我认为不应该允许十六岁的孩子开车。 考查复数名词。sixteen-year-old十六岁的，形容词，作定语；sixteen-year-olds 十六岁的孩子们，复数名词；sixteen-years-old错误表达；sixteen years old十六岁。分析句子结构可知，答题空处是句子的主语，故应用名词sixteen-year-olds “ 十六岁的孩子们”。故选B。 64．（2024·甘肃武威·三模）—What will you do after your _________ from senior high school, Tim? —Well, I'll go to college. A．graduate B．graduates C．graduated D．graduation 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——Tim，高中毕业后你打算做什么？——嗯，我会去上大学。 考查名词。graduate毕业，动词；graduation毕业，名词。形容词性物主代词your后接名词graduation作介词after的宾语。故选D。 65．（2024·西藏日喀则·一模）It’s easy to travel from Nyingchi to Lhasa by taking the high-speed railway. It’s only________. A．four hours’ ride B．four hour’s ride C．four hours ride D．four-hours ride 【答案】A 【详解】句意：从拉萨到林芝坐高铁很容易。只有四个小时的车程。 考查名词所有格。根据语境和选项，大约四个小时的车程，“四个小时”four hours的所有格是four hours’ 修饰“车程”ride。故选A。 66．（2024·西藏日喀则·一模）The online shop sells ________ shoes at a very low price. A．child and men’s B．children and men’s C．children’s and men D．children’s and men’s 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这家网店以极低的价格出售童鞋和男鞋。 考查名词的所有格。child and men’s孩子和男人（共同）的；children and men’s孩子们和男人们（共同）的；children’s and men表达错误；children’s and men’s孩子们和男人们(分别所有)的，此处修饰名词shoes，表示儿童的鞋和男人的鞋，因此不是一个人的，故用复数名词的所有格。故选D。 67．（2024·天津河东·二模）—Do you know David is ______ cousin? —Yes, and I am a friend of ______. Nice to meet you. A．mine; him B．my; his C．mine; his D．my; him 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你知道大卫是我的堂弟吗？——是的，我是他的一个朋友。很高兴认识你。 考查代词辨析。mine我的，名词性物主代词；him他，宾格；my我的，形容词性物主代词；his他的，名词性物主代词/形容词性物主代词。第一个空后是名词，用形容词性物主代词，排除A和C；第二个空是双重所有格，用名词性物主代词。故选B。 68．（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·三模）Her mother bought ________ for her. A．two pair of shoe B．two pair of shoes C．two pairs of shoes 【答案】C 【详解】她的母亲给她买了两双鞋。 考查量词。shoe“鞋”，可数名词，“两双鞋”应表达为two pairs of shoes，此时pair和sock都应用复数形式。故选C。 69．（2024·四川乐山·一模）—Are all the students from ________ in your class? —No, there are only three ________ in our class. The others are from other countries. A．Germany; Germen B．Germany; Germans C．German; Germans 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——所有来自德国的学生都在你们班吗？——不，我们班只有三个德国人。其他的来自其他国家。 考查名词。Germany德国；German德国人，其复数形式为Germans。根据“Are all the students from”可知，be from“来自”，其后接国家名称，第一空应用Germany；根据“three”可知，此处指三个德国人，第二空应用复数名词Germans。故选B。 70．（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）—Though Millie has failed, let’s give her ________ second chance to show her skills. —I agree. We hope she won’t miss ________ chance and achieve success. A．an, a B．the, 不填 C．a, the D．the, the 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——虽然米莉失败了，但让我们再给她一次机会来展示她的技能。——我同意。我们希望她不要错过这个机会，取得成功。 考查冠词。根据“second chance to show her skills.”可知此处指再给她一次机会，用“不定冠词+序数词”，second以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a；第二个空特指上文提及的机会，应用定冠词the。故选C。 71．（2024·江苏常州·三模）Peter read ______ unusual report from CHINA DAILY on August 8. ______ content of it was about people in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei fighting against floods. A．a; A B．a; The C．an; The D．an; An 【答案】C 【详解】句意：8月8日，彼得读到了《中国日报》上一篇不同寻常的报道。它的内容是关于人们在京津冀抗洪。 考查冠词的用法。根据“report”是单数可知，第一空表示泛指，unusual以元音音素开头，不定冠词要用an；根据“... content of it”可知，第二空是特指报道的内容，应用定冠词The。故选C。 72．（2024·云南楚雄·二模）I found ________ old coin by ________ road while I was walking my dog this morning. A．an; the B．a; a C．an; a D．a; the 【答案】A 【详解】句意：今天早上我遛狗时在路边发现了一枚古币。 考查冠词。第一空泛指“一枚古币”，old以元音音素开头，其前用an；根据“while I was walking my dog this morning”可知特指遛狗的那条路的路边，用the。故选A。 73．（2025·吉林·模拟预测）She likes playing ________ piano, but her brother likes playing ________ football. A．the; the B．the; / C．/; the D．/; / 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她喜欢弹钢琴，但是她的哥哥喜欢踢足球。 考查冠词用法。the表特指，定冠词；/表示不填，零冠词。第一空，空后“piano”属于乐器，乐器的名词前要加定冠词the，排除C和D；第二空，空后“football”属于球类，球类运动名词前不加冠词，排除A。故选B。 74．（2024·江苏宿迁·一模）—Mum, you look so tired. What’s wrong? —I did ________ housework this morning. Maybe I need a rest now. A．three hour’s B．three hours of C．three-hour of D．three-hours’ 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——妈妈，你看起来很累。怎么了? ——今天早上我做了三个小时的家务。也许我现在需要休息一下。 考查时间的特殊表达。这里是时间作定语，表示“三个小时的作业”，应使用three hours of或者three hours’。故选B。 2 1 迎战新中考，周周有练习，月月有重点！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$