专题11 构词法-备战2025年中考必考题型考前专项突破（名校最新模拟+真题演练）

备战2025年中考必考题型考前专项突破 专题11 构词法 考点一　合成法 　　将两个或两个以上的单词合成在一起构成一个新词，这种构词法叫作合成法。常用的合成词的构成方法如下： 1.合成形容词常见的构成方法： 构成方法 例词 形容词 ＋ 名词 ＋ -ed white-haired， warm-hearted 形容词 ＋ 现在分词 good-looking， easy-going 形容词 ＋ 过去分词 ready-made， newborn 副词 ＋ 现在分词 hard-working 副词 ＋ 过去分词 well-known 名词 ＋ 现在分词 English-speaking， south-facing 名词 ＋ 过去分词 man-made， snow-covered 名词 ＋ 形容词 snow-white， homesick 数词 ＋ 名词 100-meter， million-pound 数词 ＋ 名词 ＋ 形容词 180-foot-high， 10-year-old 数词 ＋ 名词 ＋ -ed four-legged， one-eyed 2.合成动词常见的构成方法： 构成方法 例词 副词 ＋ 动词 overcome， understand 形容词 ＋ 动词 dry-clean 名词 ＋ 动词 sleepwalk 3.合成名词常见的构成方法： 构成方法 例词 名词 ＋ 名词 classroom， weekend， bookshop 名词 ＋ 动词 haircut， sunrise 形容词 ＋ 名词 highway， blackboard， greenhouse 动词 ＋ 副词 get-together， breakdown 名词 ＋ 动名词 handwriting， storytelling 副词 ＋ 名词 outbreak， overcoat 动名词＋名词 dining room， sleeping car 4.合成副词或代词。如：outdoors， maybe， forever， myself。 5.有时一个名词可以构成许多合成词。如：handbag， handball， handwriting， handmade。 考点二　派生法 　　在一个单词前面加前缀或后面加后缀构成新词，这种构词法叫作派生法。 1.前缀 前缀一般不造成词性的转换，但能引起词义的变化。前缀中有相当一部分可构成反义词。常用的前缀有： 前缀 意义 例词 un-， dis-， im-， in-， non- “不，非”，表示否定 unpleasant， unfriendly； dishonest， disappear； impossible， impolite； incorrect， indirect； non-smoking mis- 表示“坏/错的（地）” misunderstand， mislead inter- 表示“互相”“在……之间” interview， international， Internet re- 表示“重复” rewrite， review， retell pre- 表示“在……之前” preschool， preview（预 览；事先查看） mini- 表示“小” minibus， miniskirt super- 表示“超” superhero， supermarket 　　个别前缀也可以引起词性的变化，如： （1）en-和名词或形容词构成动词：enlarge（扩大）， enable（使能够）， encourage（鼓励）； （2）a-和动词构成形容词：asleep（睡着的）， awake（醒着的）。 2.后缀 后缀能改变词义和词性。 （1）常用的构成名词的后缀： 后缀 意义 例词 -er 人 worker， singer -or 人 actor， visitor， director -ist 人 artist， dentist，scientist， tourist -ress/-ess 女性 actress， waitress， hostess -hood 身份，状态 childhood， boyhood -ment 行为，动作，结果 government， movement，development -ness 状态，性质 illness， happiness，tiredness -ion 动作，状态 discussion， decision -th 状态 length， wealth， truth -ism 主义，现象 socialism， tourism -ese 人 Japanese， Chinese -ian 人 musician， historian -ship 状态 friendship， membership （2）常用的构成动词的后缀： 后缀 意义 例词 -en 使…… widen -fy 使…… beautify （3）常用的构成副词的后缀： 后缀 意义 例词 -（l）y 副词词尾 slowly， happily， simply -ward（s） 朝……， 向…… eastward（s）， backward（s） （4）常用的构成形容词的后缀： 后缀 意义 例词 -able 能够……的 agreeable， enjoyable -an ……（人）的 American， Canadian -al ……的 political， musical -en 由……制成 wooden， golden -ed ……的 blue-eyed -ful 充满……的 careful， painful，hopeful， playful -ish ……的 foolish， British -less 没有……的 careless， useless， hopeless -ly 充满，表性质 friendly， lonely -ous 有……的 famous， dangerous -y 充满，表性质 rainy， dirty， sunny 考点三　 转化法 　　英语单词的词性非常活跃，名词用作动词，动词转化为名词，形容词用作动词等现象非常普遍，这种把一种词性用作另一种词性的方式就叫作词性的转化。阅读中经常出现转化词，只要抓住单词的原始意思，结合句子成分，就容易理解它们的引申义。 1.动词和名词之间的相互转化。有时意思变化不大，有时有一定的变化。 （1）动词转化为名词。 •Shall we go out for a drive next Sunday？ 下个星期天咱们出去驱车旅行，好吗？（句中的drive由动词转化为名词，词义引申为“驱车旅行”） •I often go there for a walk. 我经常去那里散步。（句中walk由动词转化为名词） （2）名词转化为动词。 •Have you booked your ticket？你的票订好了吗？（句中book由名词转化为动词，词义引申为“预订”） •Hand me your knife， please. 请把你的刀子递给我。（句中hand由名词转化为动词，词义引申为“递；给”） 2.形容词转化为动词。 •The train slowed down to half of its speed.火车速度减慢了一半。（句中slow由形容词转化为动词，词义引申为“减速”） •Don’t dirty your clothes. 别把你的衣服弄脏了。（句中dirty由形容词转化为动词，词义引申为“弄脏”） 3.形容词转化为名词。 •Moya has got through to the final. 莫亚已进入决赛。（句中final由形容词转化为名词，词义引申为“决赛”） 考点四　缩写和简写 　　缩写和简写（也被称为截断法或缩短法）主要采取“截头”“去尾”或者“既截头又去尾”的方法来生成新词。例如： airplane→plane， telephone→phone， laboratory→lab， examination→exam， mathematics→maths， advertisement→ad， Doctor→Dr. （医生/博士） 此外，还有很多缩写词是由各个单词的首字母组成。例如： AI（artificial intelligence）人工智能 PE（physical education）体育 CPC（Communist Party of China）中国共产党 PLA（Chinese People’s Liberation Army）中国人民解放军 PRC（People’s Republic of China）中华人民共和国 WWF（World Wide Fund for Nature）世界自然基金会 WTO（World Trade Organization）世界贸易组织 WHO（World Health Organization）世界卫生组织 名校最新模拟 一、单词拼写 1．（2024·江苏无锡·二模）In Zhuhai Park, you can enjoy the natural beauty, or (simple) breathe the fresh air. 2．（2024·江苏无锡·一模）Don’t eat too much at a time, or you’ll feel (comfortable). 3．（2024·甘肃武威·二模）Reading aloud is (help) to the students who want to improve their English. 4．（2024·江苏泰州·一模）The man who has made up his mind to win will never say “ ”. (possible) 5．（2024·江苏泰州·一模）Before Giant Panda Fu Bao returned to China, thousands of (tour) came to Everland Park to say goodbye to Fu Bao. 6．（2024·上海长宁·二模）Experience is a wealth of knowledge and a symbol of . (wise) 7．（2024·上海长宁·二模）People in that city prepared to their houses after the terrible flood. (build) 8．（2024·甘肃酒泉·三模）Sometimes they strongly (agree) with each other, so they need to communicate more often. 9．（23-24九年级上·上海青浦·期末）It can be a problem if you are of the hidden dangers of using public Wi-Fi. (aware). 10．（2023·江苏扬州·二模）With the money, we have sent many poor children to school. (success) 二、单项选择 11．（2024·海南省直辖县级单位·二模）In the words “retell” and “reuse”, “re”means “ _________ ” A．very B．more C．again 12．（2024·江苏镇江·二模）The word “________” is formed the same way as “impatient”. A．incorrect B．patiently C．humorous D．pancake 13．（2024·江苏南京·二模）Which of the following suffixes is used to form a noun? A．-tion B．-less C．-ful D．-ly 14．（2024·江苏宿迁·一模）Spring is a colourful season full of beautiful and lively scenes. Which of the following words is formed in the same way as the word “colourful”? A．beauty B．friendly C．impossible D．doorbell 15．（2024·海南海口·一模）In the words “homeless”, “careless” and “useless”, “-less” means “________”. A．full of B．without C．very much 16．（2024·广西桂林·一模）Which word is formed in the same way as “newspaper”? A．sportsman B．unhappy C．agreement 17．（2024·江苏南京·一模）Which “re-” in the following words has the same meaning as that in the word “reuse”? A．recommend B．remember C．return D．recycle 18．（2024·江苏宿迁·二模）Which of the following suffixes can be used to make an adjective? A．-ment B．-tion C．-ness D．-less 19．（2024·甘肃定西·一模）His brother is ________ boy. He is very handsome. A．a 18 years old B．an 18-year-old C．an 18-years-old D．an 18 year old 20．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·二模）________ was started to work in 1961 and its goal (目标) is to improve more and more people’s sense of protecting the Earth’s environment. A．WTO B．WWF C．NBA 三、完形填空 （2025·江苏宿迁·一模）One stormy afternoon, 13-year-old Lily was walking home from school when she heard a whisper. She stopped and looked around. The sound came from a muddy ditch (沟渠) by the roadside. To her 21 , she saw a small golden dog trapped in the dirty water. Without thinking, Lily 22 her backpack and jumped into the ditch. The water was cold, but she didn’t care. She carefully walked toward the dog. “It’s okay, little guy,” she said softly, trying to calm it down. The dog looked at her with fearful eyes but it stopped 23 . As Lily 24 the dog into her arms, she realized the ditch was deeper than she’d thought. Her feet stuck in the mud (泥), and she almost 25 . Holding the dog tightly, she used her free hand to grab a tree root. With all her 26 , she pulled herself and the dog up to safety. Just then, the thunder roared. The rain poured 27 , making the path home dangerous. Lily decided to take the dog to the nearest house—old Mr Thompson’s farm. He didn’t get on well with others, but Lily had no 28 . When Mr Thompson opened the door, he looked unhappy. “What’s that?” he pointed at the little thing in Lily’s arms. She explained the situation, 29 he didn’t say a word. Finally, he said, “Bring it in. I’ve got a towel.” To Lily’s amazement, the old man even offered to 30 the dog until its owner was found. The next day, a “Lost Dog” poster in town led Lily to the dog’s family. The owner thanked her a lot. News of Lily’s bravery 31 quickly. At school, her classmates cheered for her, but Lily just smiled. “I just did what anyone would do,” she said 32 . That experience changed something in the neighborhood, too. Mr Thompson started 33 stray animals (流浪动物) and even helped Lily build a small shelter (收容所) near his farm. The once lonely old man now often had visitors—both humans and four-legged friends. Looking back, Lily realized that one act of 34 could make a big difference. The dog she saved not only found its home but also 35 hearts together in unexpected ways. 21．A．joy B．surprise C．anger D．regret 22．A．closed B．dropped C．sold D．forgot 23．A．barking B．coughing C．laughing D．speaking 24．A．hid B．threw C．kicked D．lifted 25．A．slept B．jumped C．fell D．danced 26．A．money B．time C．strength D．patience 27．A．harder B．softer C．slower D．warmer 28．A．food B．choice C．idea D．hope 29．A．so B．or C．but D．because 30．A．buy B．train C．borrow D．keep 31．A．failed B．stopped C．spread D．disappeared 32．A．shyly B．loudly C．angrily D．carefully 33．A．feeding B．killing C．catching D．following 34．A．sickness B．weakness C．sadness D．kindness 35．A．broke B．closed C．hurt D．brought 真题演练 四、短文填空 （2024·四川广元·中考真题）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，在空白处填入一个恰当的单词或括号内所给单词的正确形式。 It was nine on a cold winter night. I hurried to go home from work on my bike. While I was waiting for the green light by the side of the road. 36 old man waved and walked towards me. I felt a little nervous. He said 37 (slow), “Excuse me, Could you please help me?” I looked at him up and down. He looked about seventy years old. He took out ten yuan and said, “You see the old lady over there? She 38 (sell) baked sweet potatoes. Could you just take the money and buy one 39 her?” He pointed at the woman about fifty 40 (meter) away. “But 41 don’t you buy it yourself?” I was puzzled (困惑的). The old man continued, “That old lady is my wife and it’s her 42 (one) day to sell baked sweet potatoes. She forgot to take gloves with her. I know she can’t stand the cold because her legs hurt, too. She told me there was only one sweet potato left and that she wouldn’t go home until all the sweet potatoes were sold out. I’m very 43 (worry) about her.” At that time, I 44 (understand) everything. I felt really warm and moved. Without 45 (take) the money, I rode fast to the old lady and bought the last sweet potato. 五、选词填空 （2024·江苏南通·中考真题）请根据句意从方框中选择合适的单词，并用其适当形式填空，使句子通顺。 two      certain       discuss       snow        I 46．—I left my dictionary at home. —You can use . Here you are. 47．—Why did you recommend him to be our guide? —He has been there . He knows there very well. 48．—What’s your volunteer project?      —After several , our group has reached agreement to interview WWF officer. 49．—Why are you worrying about eating with French students? —I’m about French table manners. 50．—Dad, the weather report says it will be a day tomorrow. —Good news. You can make a snowman with Tony. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 备战2025年中考必考题型考前专项突破 专题11 构词法 考点一　合成法 　　将两个或两个以上的单词合成在一起构成一个新词，这种构词法叫作合成法。常用的合成词的构成方法如下： 1.合成形容词常见的构成方法： 构成方法 例词 形容词 ＋ 名词 ＋ -ed white-haired， warm-hearted 形容词 ＋ 现在分词 good-looking， easy-going 形容词 ＋ 过去分词 ready-made， newborn 副词 ＋ 现在分词 hard-working 副词 ＋ 过去分词 well-known 名词 ＋ 现在分词 English-speaking， south-facing 名词 ＋ 过去分词 man-made， snow-covered 名词 ＋ 形容词 snow-white， homesick 数词 ＋ 名词 100-meter， million-pound 数词 ＋ 名词 ＋ 形容词 180-foot-high， 10-year-old 数词 ＋ 名词 ＋ -ed four-legged， one-eyed 2.合成动词常见的构成方法： 构成方法 例词 副词 ＋ 动词 overcome， understand 形容词 ＋ 动词 dry-clean 名词 ＋ 动词 sleepwalk 3.合成名词常见的构成方法： 构成方法 例词 名词 ＋ 名词 classroom， weekend， bookshop 名词 ＋ 动词 haircut， sunrise 形容词 ＋ 名词 highway， blackboard， greenhouse 动词 ＋ 副词 get-together， breakdown 名词 ＋ 动名词 handwriting， storytelling 副词 ＋ 名词 outbreak， overcoat 动名词＋名词 dining room， sleeping car 4.合成副词或代词。如：outdoors， maybe， forever， myself。 5.有时一个名词可以构成许多合成词。如：handbag， handball， handwriting， handmade。 考点二　派生法 　　在一个单词前面加前缀或后面加后缀构成新词，这种构词法叫作派生法。 1.前缀 前缀一般不造成词性的转换，但能引起词义的变化。前缀中有相当一部分可构成反义词。常用的前缀有： 前缀 意义 例词 un-， dis-， im-， in-， non- “不，非”，表示否定 unpleasant， unfriendly； dishonest， disappear； impossible， impolite； incorrect， indirect； non-smoking mis- 表示“坏/错的（地）” misunderstand， mislead inter- 表示“互相”“在……之间” interview， international， Internet re- 表示“重复” rewrite， review， retell pre- 表示“在……之前” preschool， preview（预 览；事先查看） mini- 表示“小” minibus， miniskirt super- 表示“超” superhero， supermarket 　　个别前缀也可以引起词性的变化，如： （1）en-和名词或形容词构成动词：enlarge（扩大）， enable（使能够）， encourage（鼓励）； （2）a-和动词构成形容词：asleep（睡着的）， awake（醒着的）。 2.后缀 后缀能改变词义和词性。 （1）常用的构成名词的后缀： 后缀 意义 例词 -er 人 worker， singer -or 人 actor， visitor， director -ist 人 artist， dentist，scientist， tourist -ress/-ess 女性 actress， waitress， hostess -hood 身份，状态 childhood， boyhood -ment 行为，动作，结果 government， movement，development -ness 状态，性质 illness， happiness，tiredness -ion 动作，状态 discussion， decision -th 状态 length， wealth， truth -ism 主义，现象 socialism， tourism -ese 人 Japanese， Chinese -ian 人 musician， historian -ship 状态 friendship， membership （2）常用的构成动词的后缀： 后缀 意义 例词 -en 使…… widen -fy 使…… beautify （3）常用的构成副词的后缀： 后缀 意义 例词 -（l）y 副词词尾 slowly， happily， simply -ward（s） 朝……， 向…… eastward（s）， backward（s） （4）常用的构成形容词的后缀： 后缀 意义 例词 -able 能够……的 agreeable， enjoyable -an ……（人）的 American， Canadian -al ……的 political， musical -en 由……制成 wooden， golden -ed ……的 blue-eyed -ful 充满……的 careful， painful，hopeful， playful -ish ……的 foolish， British -less 没有……的 careless， useless， hopeless -ly 充满，表性质 friendly， lonely -ous 有……的 famous， dangerous -y 充满，表性质 rainy， dirty， sunny 考点三　 转化法 　　英语单词的词性非常活跃，名词用作动词，动词转化为名词，形容词用作动词等现象非常普遍，这种把一种词性用作另一种词性的方式就叫作词性的转化。阅读中经常出现转化词，只要抓住单词的原始意思，结合句子成分，就容易理解它们的引申义。 1.动词和名词之间的相互转化。有时意思变化不大，有时有一定的变化。 （1）动词转化为名词。 •Shall we go out for a drive next Sunday？ 下个星期天咱们出去驱车旅行，好吗？（句中的drive由动词转化为名词，词义引申为“驱车旅行”） •I often go there for a walk. 我经常去那里散步。（句中walk由动词转化为名词） （2）名词转化为动词。 •Have you booked your ticket？你的票订好了吗？（句中book由名词转化为动词，词义引申为“预订”） •Hand me your knife， please. 请把你的刀子递给我。（句中hand由名词转化为动词，词义引申为“递；给”） 2.形容词转化为动词。 •The train slowed down to half of its speed.火车速度减慢了一半。（句中slow由形容词转化为动词，词义引申为“减速”） •Don’t dirty your clothes. 别把你的衣服弄脏了。（句中dirty由形容词转化为动词，词义引申为“弄脏”） 3.形容词转化为名词。 •Moya has got through to the final. 莫亚已进入决赛。（句中final由形容词转化为名词，词义引申为“决赛”） 考点四　缩写和简写 　　缩写和简写（也被称为截断法或缩短法）主要采取“截头”“去尾”或者“既截头又去尾”的方法来生成新词。例如： airplane→plane， telephone→phone， laboratory→lab， examination→exam， mathematics→maths， advertisement→ad， Doctor→Dr. （医生/博士） 此外，还有很多缩写词是由各个单词的首字母组成。例如： AI（artificial intelligence）人工智能 PE（physical education）体育 CPC（Communist Party of China）中国共产党 PLA（Chinese People’s Liberation Army）中国人民解放军 PRC（People’s Republic of China）中华人民共和国 WWF（World Wide Fund for Nature）世界自然基金会 WTO（World Trade Organization）世界贸易组织 WHO（World Health Organization）世界卫生组织 名校最新模拟 一、单词拼写 1．（2024·江苏无锡·二模）In Zhuhai Park, you can enjoy the natural beauty, or (simple) breathe the fresh air. 【答案】simply 【详解】句意：在珠海公园，你可以享受自然美景，或者只是呼吸新鲜空气。分析句子结构可知，此处应用形容词simple的副词形式simply“仅仅，只是”作状语，修饰动词breathe。故填simply。 2．（2024·江苏无锡·一模）Don’t eat too much at a time, or you’ll feel (comfortable). 【答案】uncomfortable 【详解】句意：一次不要吃太多，否则你会觉得不舒服。根据“Don’t eat too much at a time,”可知，如果一次吃太多，你会觉得不舒服，空处用形容词uncomfortable“不舒服的”，作表语。故填uncomfortable。 3．（2024·甘肃武威·二模）Reading aloud is (help) to the students who want to improve their English. 【答案】helpful 【详解】句意：大声朗读对那些想要提高英语的学生来说很有帮助。根据“Reading aloud”可知，此处表示大声朗读有助于提高英语，help“帮助”，动词，此处应用形容词作表语，其形容词为helpful“有帮助的”。故填helpful。 4．（2024·江苏泰州·一模）The man who has made up his mind to win will never say “ ”. (possible) 【答案】impossible 【详解】句意：凡是决心取得胜利的人是从来不说“不可能的”。根据“The man who has made up his mind to win will never say…”可知，此处是指下定决心要获取胜利的人是不会轻易说“不可能的”，即使面对困难和挑战，也会努力寻找解决方案，而不是轻易放弃；应将形容词possible“可能的”变为impossible“不可能的”，形容词。故填impossible。 5．（2024·江苏泰州·一模）Before Giant Panda Fu Bao returned to China, thousands of (tour) came to Everland Park to say goodbye to Fu Bao. 【答案】tourists 【详解】句意：在大熊猫福宝回到中国之前，成千上万的游客来到爱宝乐园与福宝告别。tour“旅游”，名词；根据“thousands of...came to Everland Park to say goodbye to Fu Bao.”可知，应是游客来跟福宝告别，应用tourist“游客”；“thousands of”后接复数名词。故填tourists。 6．（2024·上海长宁·二模）Experience is a wealth of knowledge and a symbol of . (wise) 【答案】wisdom 【详解】句意：经验是知识的财富，是智慧的象征。由“Experience is a wealth of knowledge and a symbol of…”可知，此处应用名词形式，wisdom是其名词形式。故填wisdom。 7．（2024·上海长宁·二模）People in that city prepared to their houses after the terrible flood. (build) 【答案】rebuild 【详解】句意：那场可怕的洪水过后，那个城市的人们准备重建他们的房屋。由“People in that city prepared to…their houses after the terrible flood”可知，此处指重建房屋，rebuild“重建”；prepare to do sth.“准备做某事”，固定短语，故应用动词原形。故填rebuild。 8．（2024·甘肃酒泉·三模）Sometimes they strongly (agree) with each other, so they need to communicate more often. 【答案】disagree 【详解】句意：有时他们彼此意见相左，所以他们需要更频繁地沟通。根据“so they need to communicate more often”可知，空处应该表示意见不合，空处应用agree“同意”的否定形式disagree，disagree with sb“与某人意见不合”；根据sometimes可知，时态为一般现在时，主语they是复数形式，谓语动词用原形。故填disagree。 9．（23-24九年级上·上海青浦·期末）It can be a problem if you are of the hidden dangers of using public Wi-Fi. (aware). 【答案】unaware 【详解】句意：如果你没有意识到使用公共Wi-Fi的潜在危险，这可能是一个问题。aware“意识到的”，根据“It can be a problem”可知，此处指没有意识到其潜在危险，会是一个问题，此处用aware的反义词unaware。故填unaware。 10．（2023·江苏扬州·二模）With the money, we have sent many poor children to school. (success) 【答案】successfully 【详解】句意：用这笔钱，我们已经成功地送了许多贫困儿童上学。考查副词修饰动词。此处应用副词修饰动词sent，success的副词形式在词尾加fully。故填successfully。 二、单项选择 11．（2024·海南省直辖县级单位·二模）In the words “retell” and “reuse”, “re”means “ _________ ” A．very B．more C．again 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在单词“复述”和“再次使用”中，“re”意思是“再”。 考查构词法。very非常；more更多；again再，又。根据“retell” 意思为“复述”； “reuse”的意思为“再次利用”，可知re作前缀，表示“再”、“重新”、“重复”的意思，故选C。 12．（2024·江苏镇江·二模）The word “________” is formed the same way as “impatient”. A．incorrect B．patiently C．humorous D．pancake 【答案】A 【详解】句意：“incorrect”一词的构成与“impatient”相同。 考查构词方式。incorrect不正确的，in为前缀，表否定；patiently耐心地，为副词，是由形容词patient词尾加ly构成；humorous幽默的，由名词humor加ous构成；pancake煎饼，由pan+cake构成。impatient中im是前缀，表否定，与incorrect构成方式相同。故选A。 13．（2024·江苏南京·二模）Which of the following suffixes is used to form a noun? A．-tion B．-less C．-ful D．-ly 【答案】A 【详解】句意：下列哪个后缀用来构成名词？ 考查后缀。-tion用来构成名词的后缀；-less用来构成形容词的后缀；-ful用来构成形容词的后缀；-ly用来构成形容词或者副词的后缀。本题问的是名词的后缀。故选A。 14．（2024·江苏宿迁·一模）Spring is a colourful season full of beautiful and lively scenes. Which of the following words is formed in the same way as the word “colourful”? A．beauty B．friendly C．impossible D．doorbell 【答案】B 【详解】句意：春天是一个多姿多彩的季节，充满了美丽和生机勃勃的景色。以下哪一个单词的构成方式与“彩色”一词相同？ 考查构词法。beauty美丽，是名词；friendly友好的，是由名词friend加-ly构成的，是派生词；impossible不可能的，是由否定前缀im和possible构成的，是派生词；doorbell门铃，是由名词door和名词bell构成，是合成词。根据colourful是由名词colour加-ful构成的派生词，因此friendly与colourful构成方式相同。故选B。 15．（2024·海南海口·一模）In the words “homeless”, “careless” and “useless”, “-less” means “________”. A．full of B．without C．very much 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在“无家可归”、“粗心大意”和“无用”这些词中，“-less”的意思是“没有”。 考查词缀的含义。full of充满；without没有；very much非常。在“homeless”、“careless”和“useless”这些词中，“-less”的意思是“没有”。故选B。 16．（2024·广西桂林·一模）Which word is formed in the same way as “newspaper”? A．sportsman B．unhappy C．agreement 【答案】A 【详解】句意：哪个单词与“newspaper”的构成方式相同？ 考查构词法。sportsman运动员，是由sports和man构成；unhappy不开心的，是由happy加否定前缀构成；agreement协议，是由agree加名词后缀构成。题干中的“newspaper”是由news和paper构成。所以sportsman和newspaper构成方式相同。故选A。 17．（2024·江苏南京·一模）Which “re-” in the following words has the same meaning as that in the word “reuse”? A．recommend B．remember C．return D．recycle 【答案】D 【详解】句意：下面哪个单词中的“re-”与单词“reuse”的意思相同？ 考查单词的前缀。recommend推荐；remember记得；return返回；recycle重复利用。句中的“reuse”是重复使用，“re-”前缀是“重复、反复”的意思。选项D中的“re”与之意思相同。故选D。 18．（2024·江苏宿迁·二模）Which of the following suffixes can be used to make an adjective? A．-ment B．-tion C．-ness D．-less 【答案】D 【详解】句意：下列哪个后缀可以用来构成形容词？ 考查词缀知识。-ment通常用于构成名词，如enjoyment“享受”；-tion常用于构成名词，如action“行动”；-ness常用于构成名词，如happiness“幸福”；-less则常用于构成形容词，如endless“无尽的”。故选D。 19．（2024·甘肃定西·一模）His brother is ________ boy. He is very handsome. A．a 18 years old B．an 18-year-old C．an 18-years-old D．an 18 year old 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他的弟弟是一个18岁的男孩。他很帅。 考查不定冠词及复合形容词的用法。空格处应作定语修饰boy，所以用复合形容词18-year-old表示“十八岁的”，且此处表示泛指，所以要用不定冠词修饰，结合18-year-old以元音音素开头，所以此处用不定冠词an。故选B。 20．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·二模）________ was started to work in 1961 and its goal (目标) is to improve more and more people’s sense of protecting the Earth’s environment. A．WTO B．WWF C．NBA 【答案】B 【详解】句意：世界自然基金会于1961年成立，其目标是提高越来越多的人保护地球环境的意识。 考查专有名词。WTO世界贸易组织；WWF世界自然基金会；NBA全美篮球协会。根据“... was started to work in 1961 and its goal is to improve more and more people’s sense of protecting the Earth’s environment.”结合常识可知成立于1961年且致力于提高人们保护地球环境的意识的组织是世界自然基金会。故选B。 三、完形填空 （2025·江苏宿迁·一模）One stormy afternoon, 13-year-old Lily was walking home from school when she heard a whisper. She stopped and looked around. The sound came from a muddy ditch (沟渠) by the roadside. To her 21 , she saw a small golden dog trapped in the dirty water. Without thinking, Lily 22 her backpack and jumped into the ditch. The water was cold, but she didn’t care. She carefully walked toward the dog. “It’s okay, little guy,” she said softly, trying to calm it down. The dog looked at her with fearful eyes but it stopped 23 . As Lily 24 the dog into her arms, she realized the ditch was deeper than she’d thought. Her feet stuck in the mud (泥), and she almost 25 . Holding the dog tightly, she used her free hand to grab a tree root. With all her 26 , she pulled herself and the dog up to safety. Just then, the thunder roared. The rain poured 27 , making the path home dangerous. Lily decided to take the dog to the nearest house—old Mr Thompson’s farm. He didn’t get on well with others, but Lily had no 28 . When Mr Thompson opened the door, he looked unhappy. “What’s that?” he pointed at the little thing in Lily’s arms. She explained the situation, 29 he didn’t say a word. Finally, he said, “Bring it in. I’ve got a towel.” To Lily’s amazement, the old man even offered to 30 the dog until its owner was found. The next day, a “Lost Dog” poster in town led Lily to the dog’s family. The owner thanked her a lot. News of Lily’s bravery 31 quickly. At school, her classmates cheered for her, but Lily just smiled. “I just did what anyone would do,” she said 32 . That experience changed something in the neighborhood, too. Mr Thompson started 33 stray animals (流浪动物) and even helped Lily build a small shelter (收容所) near his farm. The once lonely old man now often had visitors—both humans and four-legged friends. Looking back, Lily realized that one act of 34 could make a big difference. The dog she saved not only found its home but also 35 hearts together in unexpected ways. 21．A．joy B．surprise C．anger D．regret 22．A．closed B．dropped C．sold D．forgot 23．A．barking B．coughing C．laughing D．speaking 24．A．hid B．threw C．kicked D．lifted 25．A．slept B．jumped C．fell D．danced 26．A．money B．time C．strength D．patience 27．A．harder B．softer C．slower D．warmer 28．A．food B．choice C．idea D．hope 29．A．so B．or C．but D．because 30．A．buy B．train C．borrow D．keep 31．A．failed B．stopped C．spread D．disappeared 32．A．shyly B．loudly C．angrily D．carefully 33．A．feeding B．killing C．catching D．following 34．A．sickness B．weakness C．sadness D．kindness 35．A．broke B．closed C．hurt D．brought 【答案】 21．B 22．B 23．A 24．D 25．C 26．C 27．A 28．B 29．C 30．D 31．C 32．A 33．A 34．D 35．D 【导语】本文讲述了13岁的Lily在暴风雨中救了一只被困在沟渠中的小狗，并因此改变了邻里关系的故事。 21．句意：令她惊讶的是，她看到一只小金毛犬被困在脏水里。 joy喜悦；surprise惊讶；anger愤怒；regret后悔。根据“she saw a small golden dog trapped in the dirty water”可知，Lily看到这一幕时感到惊讶。故选B。 22．句意：Lily毫不犹豫地放下书包，跳进了沟渠。 closed关闭（过去式 / 过去分词）；dropped掉落（过去式 / 过去分词）；sold售卖（过去式 / 过去分词）；forgot忘记（过去式）。根据“jumped into the ditch”可知，Lily放下书包是为了行动方便。故选B。 23．句意：小狗用恐惧的眼神看着她，但停止了吠叫。 barking犬吠（现在分词或动名词）；coughing咳嗽（现在分词或动名词）；laughing笑（现在分词或动名词）；speaking讲话（现在分词或动名词）。根据“trying to calm it down”可知，小狗停止了吠叫。故选A。 24．句意：当Lily把小狗抱在怀里时，她意识到沟渠比她想象的要深。 hid隐藏（过去式）；threw扔（过去式）；kicked踢（过去式）；lifted举起（过去式）。根据“the dog into her arms”可知，Lily把小狗抱了起来。故选D。 25．句意：她的脚陷在泥里，差点摔倒。 slept睡觉（过去式）；jumped跳跃（过去式）；fell摔倒（过去式）；danced跳舞（过去式）。根据“Her feet stuck in the mud”可知，Lily差点摔倒。故选C。 26．句意：她用尽全力，把自己和小狗拉到了安全的地方。 money钱；time时间；strength力量；patience耐心。根据“pulled herself and the dog up to safety”可知，Lily用了全力。故选C。 27．句意：雨下得更大了，回家的路变得危险。 harder更猛烈地（比较级）；softer更柔软地（比较级）；slower更慢地（比较级）；warmer更温暖地（比较级）。根据“making the path home dangerous”可知，雨下得更大了。故选A。 28．句意：Lily别无选择，只能把小狗带到最近的房子。 food食物；choice选择；idea想法；hope希望。根据“but Lily had no”可知，Lily别无选择。故选B。 29．句意：她解释了情况，但他一句话也没说。 so所以；or或者；but但是；because因为。根据“he didn’t say a word”可知，这里表示转折。故选C。 30．句意：老人甚至提出要暂时收留这只狗，直到找到它的主人。 buy购买；train训练；borrow借入；keep保留，养。根据“until its owner was found”可知，老人提出暂时收留小狗。故选D。 31．句意：Lily勇敢的事迹迅速传开了。 failed失败（过去式）；stopped停止（过去式）；spread传播（过去式）；disappeared消失（过去式）。根据“News of Lily’s bravery”可知，她的勇敢事迹传播开来。故选C。 32．句意：Lily只是害羞地笑了笑。 shyly害羞地；loudly大声地；angrily生气地；carefully仔细地。根据“Lily just smiled”可知，她害羞地笑了笑。故选A。 33．句意：Mr Thompson开始喂养流浪动物。 feeding喂养（现在分词或动名词）；killing杀害（现在分词或动名词）；catching抓住（现在分词或动名词）；following跟随（现在分词或动名词）。根据“stray animals”可知，他开始喂养流浪动物。故选A。 34．句意：Lily意识到一次善举可以带来很大的改变。 sickness疾病；weakness弱点；sadness悲伤；kindness善良。根据“one act of”可知，这里指的是善举。故选D。 35．句意：她救的那只狗不仅找到了家，还以意想不到的方式把人们的心连在了一起。 broke打破（过去式）；closed关闭（过去式）；hurt伤害（过去式）；brought带来（过去式）。根据“hearts together”可知，这里指的是把人们的心连在一起，bring...together符合。故选D。 真题演练 四、短文填空 （2024·四川广元·中考真题）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，在空白处填入一个恰当的单词或括号内所给单词的正确形式。 It was nine on a cold winter night. I hurried to go home from work on my bike. While I was waiting for the green light by the side of the road. 36 old man waved and walked towards me. I felt a little nervous. He said 37 (slow), “Excuse me, Could you please help me?” I looked at him up and down. He looked about seventy years old. He took out ten yuan and said, “You see the old lady over there? She 38 (sell) baked sweet potatoes. Could you just take the money and buy one 39 her?” He pointed at the woman about fifty 40 (meter) away. “But 41 don’t you buy it yourself?” I was puzzled (困惑的). The old man continued, “That old lady is my wife and it’s her 42 (one) day to sell baked sweet potatoes. She forgot to take gloves with her. I know she can’t stand the cold because her legs hurt, too. She told me there was only one sweet potato left and that she wouldn’t go home until all the sweet potatoes were sold out. I’m very 43 (worry) about her.” At that time, I 44 (understand) everything. I felt really warm and moved. Without 45 (take) the money, I rode fast to the old lady and bought the last sweet potato. 【答案】 36．An 37．slowly 38． is selling 39．from 40．meters 41．why 42．first 43．worried 44．understood 45．taking 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者下班回家途中遇到一位老人，老人想让他帮助自己买妻子卖的红薯的暖心故事。 36．句意：一位老人在路边等红绿灯时向我挥手走来。此处泛指一位老人，old以元音音素开头，应用an。故填An。 37．句意：他慢慢地说：“打扰一下，请问你能帮帮我吗？”空处修饰动词，应用副词。故填slowly。 38．句意：她在卖烤红薯。根据“You see the old lady over there?”可知，“卖”红薯的动作正在发生，应用现在进行时，主语是she，be动词用is。故填is selling。 39．句意：你能拿着钱，帮我从她那里买一个吗？根据下文“don’t you buy it yourself?”可知，是指从那位老妇人那里买一个红薯，应用介词from“从”。故填from。 40．句意：他指着距离大约五十米远的女人。fifty修饰meter的复数形式。故填meters。 41．句意：但你为什么不自己买呢？根据“I was puzzled (困惑的)”可知，作者很疑惑老人为什么不自己去买红薯，而是让自己帮忙买，应用why。故填why。 42．句意：那位老妇人是我的妻子，今天是她第一次卖烤红薯。根据“it’s her...(one) day to sell baked sweet potatoes,”可知，是指第一天卖红薯，应用序数词first。故填first。 43．句意：我非常担心她。be worried about“担心”，固定搭配。故填worried。 44．句意：那时候，我了解了一切。根据上下文可知，句子是一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填understood。 45．句意：我没有拿钱，立即骑自行车快速去找那位老太太，买了最后一个烤红薯。without是介词，后跟动名词作宾语。故填taking。 五、选词填空 （2024·江苏南通·中考真题）请根据句意从方框中选择合适的单词，并用其适当形式填空，使句子通顺。 two      certain       discuss       snow        I 46．—I left my dictionary at home. —You can use . Here you are. 47．—Why did you recommend him to be our guide? —He has been there . He knows there very well. 48．—What’s your volunteer project?      —After several , our group has reached agreement to interview WWF officer. 49．—Why are you worrying about eating with French students? —I’m about French table manners. 50．—Dad, the weather report says it will be a day tomorrow. —Good news. You can make a snowman with Tony. 【答案】46．mine 47．twice 48．discussions 49．uncertain 50．snowy 【解析】46．句意：——我把字典忘在家里了。——你可以用我的。给你。 根据“You can use”可知可以用我的字典，空后无名词，此处用名词性物主代词mine“我的”。故填mine。 47．句意：——你为什么推荐他做我们的导游？——他去过那里两次。他对那里很熟悉。根据“He has been there”可知他去过两次，twice“两次”。故填twice。 48．句意：——你的志愿者项目是什么？——经过几次讨论，我们小组达成了采访世界自然基金会官员的协议。根据“our group has reached agreement”可知经过几次讨论之后达成了协议，several后加名词复数discussions“讨论”。故填discussions。 49．句意：——你为什么担心和法国学生一起吃饭？——我不确定法国人的餐桌礼仪。根据“Why are you worrying about eating with French students”可知因为对法国的餐桌礼仪不确定，所以很担心，作be动词的表语用形容词uncertain“不确定的”。故填uncertain。 50．句意：——爸爸，天气预报说明天会下雪。——好消息。你可以和托尼一起堆雪人。根据“You can make a snowman with Tony.”可知明天会下雪，修饰名词day用形容词snowy“下雪的”。故填snowy。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$