Module 4 Seeing the doctor 语法Grammar 现在完成时(3)-2024-2025学年八年级英语下册模块语法精讲精练（外研版）

班级           姓名           学号           分数          

Module 4 Seeing the doctor

现在完成时(3)

（时间：60分钟，满分：120分）

一、核心概念

1. 延续性动词（Durative Verbs） 

   表示可以持续一段时间的动作或状态，如：live, work, study, wait, sleep, stay, know 等。 

   特点：能与表示时间段的状语（如 for, since, how long）连用。 

     例：I have lived here for 10 years.（正确） 

2. 短暂性动词（Instantaneous Verbs） 

   表示瞬间完成的动作，无法持续，如：buy, die, leave, arrive, borrow, open, close, join 等。 

   特点：不能直接与时间段状语连用，需转换为延续性动词或状态表达。 

     例：He has left the city for 3 days.（× 错误） 

     应改为：He has been away from the city for 3 days.（√ 正确） 

二、用法规则与转换方法

1. 延续性动词的用法 

   直接搭配时间段状语，表示动作从过去持续到现在（可能仍在继续）。 

     例： 

       She has taught English since 2015.（延续性动词 teach） 

       They have known each other for a decade.（延续性动词 know） 

2. 短暂性动词的转换 

   短暂性动词 + 时间段 → 需转换为延续性状态，常见方式： 

     be + 形容词/副词/介词短语： 

       die → be dead 

         错误：He has died for 2 years. 

         正确：He has been dead for 2 years. 

       leave → be away (from) 

         错误：She has left Beijing for a week. 

         正确：She has been away from Beijing for a week. 

     换用延续性动词： 

       borrow → keep 

         错误：I have borrowed the book for 3 days. 

         正确：I have kept the book for 3 days. 

       buy → have 

         错误：He has bought the car since 2020. 

         正确：He has had the car since 2020. 

3. 短暂性动词的特殊情况 

   否定句中可用时间段：否定意义表示动作未发生，状态可延续。 

     例：I haven’t bought a car for years.（正确，表示“多年未买车”） 

   疑问句中可用时间段：询问动作是否发生过。 

     例：Have you seen him in the past week?（正确，询问“是否见过”） 

三、常见动词对照表

短暂性动词	对应的延续性表达	例句
die	be dead	He has been dead for 5 years.
leave	be away (from)	She has been away from home for a month.
borrow	keep	I have kept the book since Monday.
buy	have	They have had the house since 2010.
open	be open	The store has been open for hours.
join	be a member of	He has been a member of the club for 2 years.
arrive	be here/there	The guests have been here since 9 a.m.

 

四、易错点与纠正

1. 误用短暂性动词接时间段： 

   错误：The film has begun for 10 minutes. 

   正确：The film has been on for 10 minutes. 

2. 混淆延续性动词与短暂性动词： 

   错误：I have received his letter for a week. 

   正确：I have had his letter for a week. 

3. 忽略否定句的特殊性： 

   错误：He hasn’t come back for 3 days.（× 语法正确但逻辑错误：可能暗示“他3天前离开后未归”） 

   更自然的表达：He has been away for 3 days. 

五、总结要点

延续性动词：直接搭配时间段，表示持续状态。 

短暂性动词：需转换为延续性表达后才能接时间段。 

转换核心：将瞬间动作改为持续状态（如 be + 形容词/介词短语，或换动词）。 

特殊情况：否定句和疑问句中短暂性动词可直接接时间段。 

知识对点练

单项选择(本大题共50小题，每小题2分，共100分)

1．Thanks to the effort of lots of people, more and more national treasures ________ back to China since 2019.

A．were brought B．brought C．have been brought D．have brought

2．More than 60 people ________ in the fire since January in our country.

A．died B．have been dead C．have died D．were dead

3．The Monkey King has ________ the children of China for many years.

A．excite B．excited C．exciting

4．It ________ years since the Olympic winner ________ her hometown.

A．have been; returned to B．is; returned to

C．is; returned D．has been; returned

5．―You have a nice car.

―Thank you. I ________ it for less than one month.

A．bought B．have bought C．had D．have had

6．My sister has learned English ______.

A．for twelve years ago B．since she was four C．twelve years ago D．at the age of four

7．—This car is Mrs Lee’s. She ________ it for over 10 years.

—Really? It looks like a new one.

A．has bought B．has sold C．has had

8．The old man ________ two days ago. And he ________ for two days.

A．died; has died B．died; has been dead

C．dying; has been dead D．has died; died

9．Jack ________ Rose in 1998. That is to say, they ________ for twenty years.

A．got married with; have got married B．got married to; have married

C．married; have been married D．married to; have been married