Unit 2 Section 4 Grammar and Writing-2024-2025学年中职高二英语同步（高教版2023修订版·基础模块3）

心英语基础模快6 Section 4 Grammar and Writing 破解语法 语法·探究突破 专项突破 定语从句 语法精讲 (5)that既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中作 在句子中起定语作用、修饰句中的名词或 主语、宾语或表语。作宾语时，that常可 代词的从句称为定语从句，被修饰的名词或代 省略。 词称为先行词。定语从句由关系代词或关系 She is the only one among us that knows 副词引导。当关系代词作定语从句的主语时， French. 其后的谓语动词的人称和数取决于先行词的 她是我们当中唯一懂法语的人。 (6)as可以用作关系代词，既可以单独引出定 人称和数。 语从句，又可与主句中的the same或such 定语从句一般位于先行词的后面，定语从 相呼应，从句中谓语动词常省略。 句由关系代词who,whom,whose,which, We jumped for joy at the news,as was that,as和关系副词when,where,why等引 natural. 导。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任 我们听到消息时高兴地跳了起来，这是很 一个成分。 自然的事情。 1.关系代词引导的定语从句 2.关系副词引导的定语从句 (1)who指人，在定语从句中作主语 (1)when表示时间，其先行词往往是表示时间 That is the man who teaches us English. 的名词（如time,day,hour,year等）。 那位就是教我们英语的那个人。 From the time when he was little,he had (2)whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，此时常 known what he wanted to be when he 可省略。 grew up. The professor whom)you wish to see 从小时候起，他就已经知道长大后想做 has come. 什么。 你想见的那位教授已经来了。 (2)where表示地点，其先行词往往是表示地 (3)whose通常指人，也可指事物，在定语从句 点的名词（如place,room,house,street,ar 中作定语。 ea等)。 This is the scientist whose name is known Is this the room where we lived last win- all over the country. ter? 这就是那位闻名全国的科学家。 这就是我们去年冬天住过的房间吗？ (3)why表示原因，常用在先行词reason (4)which指事物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语 后面。 或表语。作宾语，且不直接跟在介词后时 I don't know the reason why she looks which可省略。 unhappy today. A dictionary is a book which gives the 我不知道为什么她今天看上去不高兴。 meaning of words 3.关系代词前带介词的定语从句 词典是解释词语的书。 (I)关系代词which,whom在定语从句中作介 This is the book which I bought yester- 词的宾语时，从句常由“介词十which(或 day. whom)”引出。 这是我昨天买的书。 Great changes are taking place in the city She is very patient with the children, in which they live. which her husband seldom is. 他们所居住的城市正在发生着巨大的 她对孩子们很有耐心，她丈夫很少这样。 变化。 ·24· UNIT 2 Community Life This is the teacher from whom we've (4)当并列的两个先行词分别指人和物时，需 learnt a lot. 要用that。 这就是让我们学到很多东西的那位老师。 He was watching the children and parcels (2)定语从句也可以由“名词（或代词或数词） that filled the car. +介词+which(whom)”引出。 他看着车上的孩子和包裹。 The house the windows of which were 5.做定语从句试题的技巧 damaged has now been repaired. (1)是定语从句还是其他从句。从句意和句法 窗子遭破坏的那幢房子现在已经被修理 功能等方面去考虑。 好了。 4.只能使用that引导定语从句的情况 (2)是用关系代词还是关系副词。关系代词和 关系代词that和which都可以引导定语从 关系副词的选择主要看关系词在句中的句 句，它们所代替的先行词都可以是表事物的 法功能。一般说来，关系代词主要用作主 名词或代词。which和that引导的定语从 语和宾语；关系副词主要用作状语。 句在句子中都可以作主语、宾语或表语。但 (3)受定语从句修饰的先行词是指人还是指 是，关系代词that和which引导的定语从句 物，是作主语还是作宾语等。 还是有区别的，以下四种类型的定语从句只 (4)关系代词可否省略。通常情况下，只有定 能用that引导。 语从句中用作宾语的关系代词才能省略。 (1)当先行词是不定代词时，如all,much, (5)是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从 something,anything,everything,little, 句。关系代词that以及关系副词why等 none等词时，定语从句引导词多用that。 均不能引导非限制性定语从句。 Tell me everything that you know (6)在“介词十which”结构中，介词的正确选择 about it. 主要看相关名词和动词的习惯搭配 把你知道的都告诉我。 (2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级或由the 学以致用 only,last,any,few,same,no,some等修饰 用适当的关系词填空 时，应该用that。 1.Maybe you have a habit is driv- To face fear is the only method that really ing your family crazy. works. 2.Many young people,most of 面对恐惧是唯一真正行之有效的方法。 were well-educated,headed for remote re- (先行词method由the only修饰，所以应 gions to chase their dreams. 该用that。) 3.The books on the desk, covers are The present moment is the best gift that shiny,are prizes for us. you can give yourself. 4.Ann asked the policeman with he 此时此刻是你能给自己的最好礼物。（先 worked to contact him whenever there was 行词gift由最高级best修饰，此时应该用 that。) an accident. (3)当关系代词在限定性从句中用作表语时， 5.A child parents are dead is called 要用that。 an orphan. He is not the simple-minded man that he 6.-Do you know the man is talk- was five years ago. ing with your father? 他不再是五年前那个头脑简单的人了。 -Yes,he's our headmaster. ·25· 心英语基础膜快6 技法指导 写作·表达升格 活学活用 社区介绍 写作指导 ●[审题谋篇] 1.此类文章属于说明文，写此类文章要按一定 体裁：电子邮件（说明文） 的顺序进行说明，例如，空间顺序，时间顺 人称：第一人称为主 序，主次顺序等，文章衔接要自然。 时态：一般现在时 2.要重点介绍社区的地理位置，环境、空气质 ●[重点词汇] 量等，还要介绍社区的人文关系和小区的 1. 位于 特色。 2. 快乐，高兴 3.号召人们和谐相处，互帮互助，并注意保护 3 adj. 友好的 社区环境。 4. 相互帮助 4.文章语言要精练，而且涵盖全部要点，并注 5. 带…参观 意行文逻辑。 ●[重点句型] 典题示例 1.Thank you the post- 假如你是Kate,你和父母来自英国，现住 card. 在星光镇(Starlight Town)。你的朋友Kitty 谢谢你寄给我卡片。 想了解你在星光镇的生活情况，请根据以下要 2.I'm very happy my life 点给她发一封电子邮件。 in Starlight Town. 要点： 很高兴告诉你我在星光镇的生活。 1.现代化小镇，街道干净、高楼林立。镇 3.North Lake Park, 中心北湖公园空气清新，经常有老人唱京剧。 is a beautiful park. 2.你住在幸福社区28号公寓9楼，你家 位于城中心的北湖公园是一个美丽的公园。 的房子共有三个房间，你有自己的卧室。 3.邻居们友好、互助。社区里有一个互助 学以致用 俱乐部。 假定你是李华，一个来自美国的文化交流 注意： 团将来到你所在的社区参观，你负责接待工 1.内容须包含上述要点，可适当发挥。 作。请你用英语写一份欢迎词，并向他们介绍 2.80一120词，开头和结尾已给出，不计 你们的社区生活。 入总词数。 注意： Dear Kitty, 1.词数80一120左右； Thank you for sending me the postcard. 2.可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。 I'm very happy to tell you about my life in 参考词汇：社区community Starlight Town. Hope to see you soon.Best wishes. ©温器提 Yours, 学习至此，请完成配套训练UNIT2 Section4 Kate ·26·参考答案 学以致用 课堂·要点精析 [参考范文] 核心词汇 China has many traditional festivals among the year. l.①considerable ②consideration③D④C But I like Mid-Autumn Festival most.It means harvest because it 2.①put forward②put off③put out④put away is celebrated in the harvest season. 3.①look after@look down on③look into④look for And it is the time for farmers to express their thanks ward to for harvest.In addition,it's the day for reunion.Some peo- 4.①with②D③C ple call it Tuanyuanjie.The people working or studying far 5.①decision ②to end⑧③D away from home will come back to get-together with their 重点句型 families.They will eat a big meal and moon cakes at that Dinvited②leaving ③D time. Section 3 I hate parting but love reunion.So Mid-Autumn Festi- 课前·新知预览 val is my favorite festival. I.1.process 2.install 3.entrance 4.resident 5.rec- ognition recognize 6.analysis analyze 7.monitor UNIT 2 8.carefree 9.enjoyable enjoy 10.disguise 11.calcu- Section 1 late calculation 12.freedom free 课前·新知预览 II,1.equip with 2.what's more 3.more than 4.be sure I.1.laundry 2.supermarket 3.convenience to 5.share...with...6.get close to 7.take one's place convenient 4.gym 5.clinic 6.facility 7.community 8.be used for 9.join in 10.go for a walk 11.make sure 8.surroundings surrounding surround 12.compare...with...13.be used to doing lI.1.move into 2.by the way 3.at the end of... 14.in addition 4.with pleasure Ⅲ.1-5 FTFFT Ⅲ.1-5：CAEDB IV.1.has changed 2.intelligent 3.with 4.recognition 课堂·要点精析 5.choices 6.located 7.facilities 8.relaxing 9.What- 核心词汇 ever 10.to do l.①convenience②convenient③D④B 课堂·要点精析 2.①By the way ②In no way ③give way to ④all 核心词汇 the way l.①equipment②is equipped with 3.①surroundings ②surrounding③C 2.①enjoyable②enjoyment③will enjoy yourself 重点句型 3.①shaping②todo③is used to living 4.①living②adjustable ③adjustments④adjust your ①to solve②to handle ③to eat to drink ④to be fin self to ished 重点句型 Section 2 ①whatever②wherever ③Whoever ④Whatever sys 课前·新知预览 tem you choose I.1.purpose 2.neighborhood 3.local 4.lifestyle Section 4 5.list 6.must 7.location 8.district 9.compare com- 语法·探究突破 parison 10.attractive attraction attract 11.suit suit- 学以致用 able 12.opposite 1.that which 2.whom 3.whose 4.whom 5.whose II.1.put on 2.be interested in 3.instead of 4.look up 6.who 5.make a list 6.compare...with...7.if so 8.check 写作·表达升格 out 9.decide on 10.take a walk 11.make sure 12.be 典题示例重点词汇 suitable for 13.what's more 1.lie in 2.happiness 3.friendly 4.mutual aid Ⅲ.1-5 FTFTF 5.show...around I.1.neighborhood 2.locals 3.community 4.lifestyle 重点句型 5.with 6.information 7.looking 8.locations 9.attrac- 1.for sending me 2.to tell you about tive 10.suitable 3.which lies in the centre of the town ·109· 色英语草础模快a3 [参考范文] Section 2 Dear Kitty. 课前·新知预览 Thank you for sending me the postcard.I'm very happy I.1.education educate educator 2.advantage disad- to tell you about my life in Starlight Town.This is a modern vantage 3.depend dependent 4.attitude 5.risk town,which has clean streets and tall buildings.North Lake 6.increasing increase 7.obvious obviously 8.enjoy- Park,which lies in the centre of the town,is a beautiful able enjoy 9.effect effective 10.cause 11.disaster park.The air there is very fresh.Many old people often sing 12.properly proper Beijing Opera there.I live on the 9th floor of Apartment 28. II.1.thanks to 2.with the help of 3.lead to 4.no lon- Happiness Community.There are three rooms in my house ger 5.depend on 6.in addition 7.be popular with and I have my own bedroom.My neighbors are friendly and 8.take notes 9.do harm to 10.whether...or... helpful.There is a mutual aid club in the community.I am 11.free...from...12.instead of very glad to live here.Would you like to come to my house? Ⅲ.1一7 FFTTTFT I will show you around. IV.1.development 2.applied 3.towards 4.increasing Hope to see you soon.Best wishes. 5.making 6.enjoyable 7.effects 8.losing 9.on Yours. 10.properly 课堂·要点精析 Kate. 核心词汇 学以致用 1.①application②applicant③C④D [参考范文] 2.①beneficial②for③C Dear guests, 3.①effective②have an effect on③take effect④C Welcome you to our community for cultural exchange. 4.①freely②freedom③B④D I'd like to introduce our community to you. 5.①dependent②it③D④A Our community is working hard to improve people's 6.Dat the risk of being wrong 2took the risk of being ar- life here.The environment here has been greatly improved. rested③C As for people's cultural life,our community provides a lot 重点句型 of cultural facilities and holds a variety of activities.We can ①watching②to find③D④B join the painting.singing and dancing clubs,which make Section 3 our life here more colorful.We feel proud of being able to 课前·新知预览 live in such a wonderful community. I.1.innovation innovative innovate 2.provide 3.sci- I hope you can have a good time during your visit here. entific science scientist 4.invest investment 5.rural UNIT 3 6.population 7.expand 8.advanced advance 9.hu- Section 1 man-like 10.predict prediction 课前·新知预览 II.1.in total 2.try to do sth.3.tens of thousands of I.1.application applicant apply 2.artificial 3.intelli- 4.a range of 5.partner with 6.give a performance 7.with the help of 8.as well 9.on the one hand,on the gence intelligent 4.serve service 5.improve im- other hand 10.catch up with 11.serve as 12.communi- provement 6.efficiency efficient 7.communicate com- cate with munication Ⅲ.1-6 FFTFFT II.1.agree with sb.2.to be honest 3.serve as 4.look IV.1.innovation 2.development 3.has seen 4.scientific around 5.communicate with 6.after all 7.in terms of 5.has invested 6.projects 7.drinking 8.range 9.to 8.get bored of 9.on the same page 10.developing Ⅲ.1-5：CAEBD 课堂·要点精析 课堂·要点精析 核心词汇 核心词汇 l.①for②with③provide shade for the animals 1.①todo②agreement③C 2.①with/by②replacement③in place of 2.①after all②All in all③Above all 3.①of②up③caught my eye④caught up with others 3.①ln②on③In terms of that goal 重点句型 重点句型 ①when②that③why④global warming has become ①that②that③A④C one of the biggest problems ·110.