专题07 阅读理解之说明文15篇（南京中考真题+中考模拟）-备战2025年中考英语语法+题型练习(中考真题+中考模拟)(南京专用)

专题07 阅读理解之说明文 (南京中考真题+中考模拟) 中考真题练 （2023·江苏南京·中考真题）You can volunteer with three or four friends to do a team experiment (实验). First, you need to know a little about the water cycle. The water cycle starts when the sun heats ocean water. The sun converts, or changes, the water into water vapor (蒸气). The sun and wind cause the water vapor to rise into the air. Water vapor cools off in the atmosphere (大气层), or the air that surrounds Earth. Then it changes to drops of water. The drops then cluster, or hold together, forming a cloud. The water in the cloud falls as rain or snow. It may fall back into the ocean, or it may fall on land. If it falls on land, it finally works its way back to the ocean as a water overflow called runoff. As you begin your experiment, remember this amazing fact. The amount of water on Earth now is the same as it was in the past and will be in the future. About 71% of Earth’s surface is water. This includes not only the water in oceans, rivers, and lakes. It also includes the water in clouds, rain, snow, and groundwater and in the icy areas at the North and South Poles. Now make a model of the water cycle with a partner or small group. Use the instructions below: ●Fill cup about halfway with water. ●Add red food color to the water and stir. ●Use the marker to show water level. ●Put the cup in the bag and sea lit. ●Put the bag in a sunny window. After you finish making the water cycle model, watch carefully what happens to the water in the cup. Check the mark showing the water level. You should see that the water level becomes gradually lower. You should also begin to see small drops of water on the sides and bottom of the bag. The water is evaporating (蒸发) from the heat and then changing from the gas created by evaporating to water drops on the sides of the bag. The drops rundown the sides and will begin to collect at the bottom. This is what happens when the sun heats the ocean. Water vapor rises and forms clouds. The drops running down the sides of the bag are like rain filling on Earth. 1．In which part does “runoff” appear in the picture? A．A B．B C．C D．D 2．What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Earth’s surface. B．The water on Earth. C．Your experiment. D．This amazing fact. 3．How does the writer introduce the way of making the water cycle model? A．By showing the steps in order. B．By explaining cause and effect. C．By comparing and contrasting. D．By providing the examples in detail. 4．What can we learn from the experiment? A．Successful experiments need a lot of time and hard work. B．Simple experiments can also help understand science well. C．Students do the experiment in order to show their team spirit. D．Students know the amount of water on Earth from the experiment. 5．From which is the passage most probably taken? A．A storybook. B．A book review. C．A science magazine. D．A tourist guide. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文主要是介绍水循环的科普知识，并提供了详细的实验步骤。 1．推理判断题。根据“If it falls on land, it finally works its way back to the ocean as a water overflow called runoff.”可知，如果它落在陆地上，它最终会以一种叫做径流的水溢出的方式返回海洋。所以“runoff”指的是雨水落到陆地上后最终流回海洋的过程。在图示中，D所示的箭头表示地表径流（即从陆地流回海洋）。故选D。 2．代词指代题。根据“The amount of water on Earth now is the same as it was in the past and will be in the future. About 71% of Earth’s surface is water. This includes not only the water in oceans, rivers, and lakes.”可知，现在地球上的水量与过去一样，未来也将如此。大约71%的地球表面是水。这不仅包括海洋、河流和湖泊中的水。此处This指的是“地球上的水”，故选B。 3．细节理解题。文中用“●”分条罗列了做实验的步骤，按照顺序一步步介绍如何制作一个水循环模型，故选A。 4．推理判断题。通过这个简单的 “杯子+塑料袋” 实验就能观察到蒸发、凝结和降水等水循环现象，说明简单的实验也能帮助我们更好地理解科学，故选B。 5．推理判断题。本文主要是介绍水循环的科普知识，并提供了详细的实验步骤，最可能出自科普类的科学杂志，故选C。 （2022·江苏南京·中考真题）Here is an experiment to find out how blowing into bottles can make musical notes (音). 1．How can you see the water levels more clearly? A．By adding food dye. B．By pouring more water. C．By blowing into bottles. D．By resting bottles on lips. 2．What produce a note according to the experiment? A．The level of the water. B．The size of the glass bottle. C．The vibration of the air in the bottle. D．The amount of the food dye in the water. 3．What does the writer want to tell us through this experiment? A．Science things are easy to make. B．Fixed times are necessary for notes. C．Musical notes are difficult to change. D．Labs are important for experiments. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 【导语】本文介绍了吹瓶子是如何产生音符的一个科学实验。 1． 细节理解题。根据“You could add food dye to the water, so that you can see the levels more easily.”可知，在水中加入食用染料，这样就可以更容易地看到水位。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据“Blowing makes the air inside the bottle vibrate (震动), producing a note.”可推知，音符的产生是通过瓶子里空气的振动发出的，故选C。 3．推理判断题。本文展示了科学实验的一种简单方法，通过向装着水位不同的玻璃瓶中吹气来产生音符。由此推知作者写本文是想告诉我们科学实验可以很简单。故选A。 （2022·江苏南京·中考真题）Money always flows between people. When money moves from one person to another, it’s known as an exchange or transaction. Here are the main ways it happens. 1．Which of the following is “earning”? A．Getting money by working. B．Spending money on clothes. C．Offering money to the poor. D．Giving money to the government. 2．You bought a piece of art. Hopefully you can sell it and make some money in the future. What is it called? A．Donating. B．Taxation. C．Borrowing and lending. D．Investing. 3．What’s the purpose of the passage? A．To help charities raise money. B．To introduce ways money moves. C．To give instructions to spend money. D．To recommend methods of investing. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了钱在人与人之间流动的主要方式。 1．细节理解题。根据Earning栏目“Most people earn money by doing a job that somebody pays them for”可知，大多数人通过做别人付钱给他们的工作来赚钱。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据Investing栏目中的“Investing is when someone spends money on something to make more money from it in the end”可知，投资是指某人把钱花在某件事上，最终从中赚更多的钱，因此你买了一件艺术品。希望你将来能卖掉它赚些钱的行为是投资。故选D。 3．主旨大意题。根据“When money moves from one person to another, it’s known as an exchange or transaction. Here are the main ways it happens.”及全文可知，本文主要介绍了钱在人与人之间流动的主要方式。故选B。 （2022·江苏南京·中考真题）Imagine the situation. You are driving along a desert or on a mountain. You have no idea where you are. You passed the last house two hours ago. Then your car breaks down. It is night and it is cold. You have no mobile phone. What do you do? Well, next time take a GPS with you. This invention may be able to help you. It is a device (装置) which uses satellites (卫星) to find the user's position (位置). It can find your position to within 20 metres. A GPS cannot start your car, but at least you will know where you are. GPS, which means Global Positioning System, is a small radio receiver. It looks like a mobile phone. You can hold it in your hand, or put in your pocket. It is sometimes put into a watch or a telephone. We also find GPS devices in cars, planes, or boats. Some of these devices have electronic maps, so you know where you are. For example, in a city they can tell you the name of the street. There are three parts to the Global Positioning System. The first part is the receiver. You can hold it in your hand, or have it fixed into your car, plane, etc. The second part is a group of satellites orbiting the Earth. The receiver contacts at least four of the satellites and calculates (计算) its position. The third part of the system is a network of ground stations. They are all over the world. They control the satellites and make sure they are working well. Some people think that in the future the GPS will be as common as the mobile. They are becoming cheaper and more and more accurate (精确的). There are also new uses for the GPS. Perhaps they will become like watches. Everyone will have one and you will never be lost again. 1．According to the passage, with the help of the GPS, people ________. A．can't be lost in a new city B．can't find their way in different countries C．can learn about the culture of an unknown place D．can spend the least time getting to another place 2．We can learn from the passage that ________. A．there are three parts to the GPS B．a GPS can't be put into a watch C．a GPS can help you start your car D．the GPS are becoming more and more expensive 3．The underlined word "They" in paragraph 3 means "________". A．Receivers B．GPS devices C．Satellites D．Ground stations 4．The passage is mainly about ________. A．the history of the GPS B．the introduction of the GPS C．the shape of the GPS D．the three parts of the GPS 5．What can we infer (推断) from the passage? A．All GPS devices have electronic maps. B．People in many countries will use the GPS for free. C．The receiver of the GPS contacts at least five of the satellites. D．The GPS will become more and more common in everyday life. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．D 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了GPS的用途，并全面介绍了全球定位系统GPS的原理是通过卫星来定位用户的位置，可以帮助用户找到自己的位置和想去的地方。然后详细介绍了GPS的三个部分。最后预言了GPS在将来会越来越便宜、精确、普遍。 1．推理判断题。根据文章最后“Everyone will have one and you will never be lost again.”，可知有GPS的帮助，您将永远不会再迷路。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句话“There are three parts to the Global Positioning System.”可知，GPS是由三部分构成的，A项正确，其余三项都与短文内容不符。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“The third part of the system is a network of ground stations.”可知，系统的第三部分是地面接收站的网络，由此可以推断出划线部分They代表的是地面接收站。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。A项：GPS的历史；B项：GPS的介绍；C项：GPS的形状；D项：GPS的三个部分。根据全文内容可知本文主要是对GPS的介绍。故选B。 5．推理判断题。根据最后一段“the GPS will be as common as the mobile…Everyone will have one and you will never be lost again.”可知，GPS在日常生活中会变得越来越普遍。故选D。 （2021·江苏南京·中考真题）Imagine you choose to join WorldBook Day Book Club. Now you are reading a book on art for children. About art Art is a vast subject, including all kinds of pictures and sculptures. This book introduces 32 works by some of the world’s most famous artists. This is only a small selection, but it reveals（揭示）huge differences in what artists do. Why make art? Artists make art for many reasons. Sometimes, they just want to create something beautiful. But hundreds of years ago-when many people couldn’t read-paintings were often designed to illustrate stories. Very grand paintings were usually made to order, for wealthy clients who wanted to impress people. More recently, artists have begun to paint to express their own feelings or explore ideas. About this book The pictures reproduced in this book were painted over the last 500 years. They are arranged（排列）in order of date, so you can see how ideas about art have changed over time. If you would like to see more art, there is lots on the Internet-just follow the links recommended throughout the book. If you can, visit an art gallery too, so you can experience seeing the “real thing” . 1．Why are the works introduced in the book? A．To tell readers huge differences in what artists do. B．To offer readers all kinds of pictures and sculptures. C．To share every famous artist’s life story with readers. D．To introduce a number of works from an artist to readers. 2．The works in the book are arranged in order of ________ A．size B．space C．time D．importance 3．The passage above mainly _________. A．gives an introduction to the book B．shows the size of each part in the book C．shows the number of the artists in the book D．gives the reasons to order paintings in the book 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍一本关于艺术的书。 1．细节理解题。根据“This is only a small selection, but it reveals（揭示）huge differences in what artists do.”可知，这只是一小部分，但它揭示了艺术家们所做的巨大差异。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“They are arranged（排列）in order of date”可知，它们是按日期顺序排列的，故选C。 3．主旨大意题。本文向我们介绍一本关于艺术的书，选项A“为这本书作了介绍”符合主题，故选A。 （2021·江苏南京·中考真题）After reading so much, you may wonder how to make a book. It’s time for you to have a try! Have you ever wondered how a book is made? It takes a lot of people to make a book. It can take months, or even years, for a book to go from an idea to a finished product. A book begins when an author comes up with an idea for a book. Authors get ideas in different ways. They may get ideas from their own lives, from watching the world around them, or from reading. Next, an author may plan the book by making an outline （提纲）. Sometimes authors do research to gather information. They may read books or articles. They may interview people or visit places. Then, the author begins to write. Authors may write for months or years to finish a manuscript. A manuscript is the text an author produces for publication. Finally, the author sends the completed manuscript to a publisher. If the publisher decides to publish the book, the author works with an editor. An editor reads the manuscript. Then he or she recommends changes to improve the book. A copy editor reads the manuscript to correct any grammatical mistake. After an author makes the suggested changes, a designer may decide how the book will look. The designer may choose the size, shape, and type styles for the book. Some picture book authors create their own illustrations（插图）. If not, an illustrator is chosen to create pictures for the book. The illustrator makes sketches of pictures that will go on each page. The sketches are sent to the publishing company. The editor makes sure the pictures clearly tell the story. The designer checks how the words and pictures will fit together on the pages. After the design changes are made, the illustrator begins creating the final pictures. He or she may change the colours, the perspective, or the composition of pictures. It may take months to create all the pictures. The finished art is then sent to the publisher. The designer adjusts（调整）how the pictures and words fit together on the pages. The completed pages are sent to the printer. Many books are still made into books with paper pages. The printer uses huge printing presses to make the pages. The pages are fixed together. The book cover is added. The finished books are then sent to the publisher’s warehouse. They are stored there until they are bought by libraries and bookstores. E-readers have changed how some books are made. Some authors do not use a publisher at all. Instead of sending a manuscript to a publisher, some authors turn their manuscripts into eBooks themselves. Finally, an author’s eBook is uploaded（上传）to virtual bookstores on the Internet. Customers can buy and download eBooks from these websites. 1．According to the passage, the designer’s job is to ________. A．create pictures for the book B．make an outline of the book C．decide how the book will look D．correct grammatical mistakes in the book 2．Your first book will be published soon. What will first happen to it after the illustrator has created the final pictures? A． B． C． D． 3．The writer uses the LAST paragraph to ________. A．introduce the history of eBooks B．describe the disadvantages of eBooks C．show the development of making a book D．ask customers to support authors in making a book 4．The writer explains how to make a book by ________. A．giving causes B．showing steps C．providing examples D．expressing opinions 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．From Idea to Book B．Different Kinds of Books C．Workers in the Publishing House D．Between Publishers and Customers 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．A 【分析】本文向我们展示了制做一本书的过程，并提到最近比较流行的电子阅读器。 1．细节理解题。根据“After an author makes the suggested changes, a designer may decide how the book will look.”可知，作者做出建议的修改后，设计师可能会决定书的外观。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据“The finished art is then sent to the publisher. The designer adjusts（调整）how the pictures and words fit together on the pages.”可知，完成后的艺术作品会被送到出版商那里，设计师调整图片和文字在页面上的组合方式。故选C。 3．推理判断题。分析最后一段内容可知，本段介绍制作一本书的发展，故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“Next…Then…Finally”可知，作者通过展示步骤介绍如何制作一本书。故选B。 5．最佳标题题。分析全文内容可知，本文向我们展示了制做一本书的过程，并提到最近比较流行的电子阅读器。选项A“从想法到书”符合语境，故选A。 （2020·江苏南京·中考真题）。 LIFE is AWKWARD．What should you do when your parents are embarrassing (使尴尬) you in front of your friends? Or what if you see what looks like a classmate stealing someone else’s headphones? In our social Q’s column (专栏), the teenager Harper Ediger and the adult Philip Glances give their best advice to kids looking for help navigating real-life situations. Now it’s your turn: Do you have a question about an uncomfortable social situation at school, at home, on social media or among friends? Email it to us at Kjdsqs@njpost. com and Harper and Philip may answer it in a future issue. Please include your age and hometown. C’mon, we know you have one. To inspire (激励) you, here are reader-submitted questions we’ve published in previous issues: My mom signs me up for camps and activities without asking what I want to do. I only learn what I’m doing at the last minute. I don’t like that it’s a surprise, and I feel that I should be able to help plan my time. How can I have more of a say? At my school, fourth graders need to learn different dances, then dress up for a fancy party where we ask partners to dance with us. This makes me nervous, and I’m not looking forward to it. How should I handle this situation? My sister is home for college break, and lucky me, she’s my roommate. As I’m 12 and she’s almost 19, we both want our own space. I know she doesn’t mean it personally, but she always complains that she doesn’t have a home, which makes me feel as if I’m intruding in my own room. Do I tell her how I feel or let it go? 1．What should be included in your email to the social Q’s column? A．Name, age and social media. B．Age, school and hometown. C．Age, hometown and questions. D．Name, school and questions. 2．The underlined word “say” in the passage means ________. A．the ability to plan time B．the chance to set up camps C．the right to make decisions D．the plan to enjoy activities 3．The writer uses some published reader-submitted questions in order to ________. A．show kids ways of solving problems B．give kids examples of what to write about C．share Harper and Philip’s advice with kids D．offer kids a chance to complain about their lives 4．The social Q’s column is designed to ________. A．help kids deal with their troubles B．train kids to write C．have kids introduce themselves D．advise kids to behave well 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．A 【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍社会问题专栏帮助孩子们解决他们的问题，并举读者发布的问题为例子来说明邮件具体要写什么内容。 1．细节理解题。根据“Do you have a question about an uncomfortable social situation at school, at home, on social media or among friends? Email it to us at Kjdsqs@njpost. com and Harper and Philip may answer it in a future issue. Please include your age and hometown”可知包括问题、年龄和家乡。故选C。 2．词义猜测题。根据“My mom signs me up for camps and activities without asking what I want to do. I only learn what I’m doing at the last minute. I don’t like that it’s a surprise, and I feel that I should be able to help plan my time”可知父母替他做决定给他报了露营，此处say表示自己做决定的权利，相当于the right to make decisions。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“To inspire you, here are reader-submitted questions we’ve published in previous issues”以及后面是三段，可知作者用一些发布的读者提交的问题是为了给孩子们例子，告诉他们要写什么内容。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据第一段“give their best advice to kids looking for help navigating real-life situations”可知社会问题专栏是设计出来为了帮助孩子们解决他们的问题的。故选A。 （2020·江苏南京·中考真题）。 Tea is tasty and good for you. It is also one of the most popular drinks around the world. But what is tea? And why is it so popular? All tea comes from tea leaves but tea is not always the same. There are many kinds of tea. You can drink black tea, green tea, white tea or fruit tea. Each type of tea has a different taste and a different colour. The history of tea begins in Asia. In China, Korea and Japan, tea is still very important today. In Japan, it can take many hours to prepare and drink tea with your guests. In Malaysia, a popular drink at breakfast is teh tarik (‘pulled tea’). Malaysians say it is good for you and tastes good with canai bread. Tourists in Kuala Lumpur like watching the tea sellers make ‘pulled tea’. The tea sellers pour hot water on black tea. After five minutes, they add sugar and milk. Then they ‘pull’ the tea—they pour the tea from one cup to another many times. In many countries, you must have a special kettle to make tea. People in different countries also like to add different things to their tea. For example, Russians use a special kettle called a samovar. They like drinking tea with lemon. Sometimes, they also drink tea with some sugar or jam. In Turkey, tea comes in a Caydanlik. A Caydanlik has two kettles: one for the water and one for the tea. Drink Turkish tea with some sugar. Arab tea, called karak, has cardamom, ginger, milk and sugar. In the United Kingdom, they add some milk and sugar. The British usually eat biscuits with their tea. In Japan, they like. . . 1．Tea, a drink with a long history, first appeared in ________. A．Europe B．America C．Asia D．Africa 2．The writer uses the punctuation mark “…” at the end of the passage to ________. A．express his uncertainly of the subject B．show his special taste in Japanese tea C．attract readers’ interest in further reading D．hide his limited knowledge in this field 3．What is the best title for the passage? A．The History of Tea B．Different Tea Kettles C．The Most Popular Drink D．The World in a Teacup 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 【分析】本文讲了茶的历史，并重点介绍了世界上不同国家的人饮茶习惯和口味的不同。 1．细节理解题。根据上文The history of tea begins in Asia.可知茶首次出现于亚洲，故选C。 2．推理判断题。倒数第二三段可知，不同国家的人喜欢在茶中添加不同的东西，并列举了具体的例子，作者在文章末尾使用标点符号“...”省略了对日本人喝茶习惯的描述，以此来吸引读者对进一步阅读的兴趣。故选C。 3．最佳标题。A.茶的历史；B.不同的茶壶；C.最受欢迎的饮料；D.茶杯中的世界。通读全文，可知本文讲述了世界各地的人们饮茶时喜欢在茶中添加不同的东西。一个茶杯折射出世界各国茶文化的不同。故选D。 中考模拟真题练 （2024·江苏南京·二模）Have you ever seen a poster for a product in a place you didn’t expect? Or have you ever been surprised by a group of strangers who suddenly started singing and dancing together to advertise a service? People in advertising call this “guerrilla marketing”. It’s a term that describes low-cost and unusual marketing strategies (策略) that catch people off guard. Guerrilla marketing is different from traditional marketing because it doesn’t use typical marketing platforms like print, TV, or online advertising. It’s also a lot cheaper. It was first designed for small businesses with less money, but these days many large companies are trying this clever and affordable strategy. Coca-Cola is one such company. It once placed a special vending machine on a college campus. If students bought a bottle of Coca-Cola from the machine, they got two extra bottles free of charge to give to their friends. Sometimes, a hand came out of the machine and gave customers flowers instead of an extra drink. People loved it! Coca-Cola filmed customers enjoying this special “happiness machine” and posted the video online. Many people watched the video and shared it with their friends, and the company enjoyed free publicity. IKEA—one of the world’s largest furniture companies—also gave guerrilla marketing a try. To celebrate the 30th anniversary of its most popular bookcase, IKEA decided to try something different. It teamed up with a charity called the Australian Literacy and Numeracy Foundation to set up the world’s largest outdoor library. The location? On a beach! IKEA displayed its bookcases on Sydney’s Bondi Beach and filled them with over 6, 000 books. People got to see IKEA’s bookcase in use and find something interesting to read at the same time. 1．What is the writer’s purpose of the first paragraph? A．To describe how successful guerrilla marketing is. B．To show why guerrilla marketing is successful. C．To show when guerrilla marketing began. D．To explain what guerrilla marketing is. 2．The underlined phrase “off guard” means ________. A．not spending much money B．doing something unusual C．not expecting a surprise D．waiting for something new 3．IKEA probably chose Bondi Beach to show its products because ________. A．it was a future location for IKEA’s store B．it was an unusual place to see books C．it was near a public library D．it was near an IKEA store 4．Why does the writer mention Coca-Cola and IKEA? A．They are both well-known companies around the world. B．They both use traditional marketing strategies. C．They both spend a lot in advertising their products. D．They are both successful examples of guerrilla marketing. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了“游击营销”的概念，这是一种低成本且出奇制胜的非传统营销策略。 1．推理判断题。根据“People in advertising call this ‘guerrilla marketing’. It’s a term that describes low-cost and unusual marketing strategies (策略) that catch people off guard.”可知，作者写第一段的目的是解释什么是游击式营销。故选D。 2．词义猜测题。根据“People in advertising call this ‘guerrilla marketing’. It’s a term that describes low-cost and unusual marketing strategies (策略) that catch people off guard.”可知，这里提到了不同寻常的营销策略，结合语境带下划线的短语“off guard”的意为毫无防备，文中意指“没想到会有惊喜”，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“IKEA displayed its bookcases on Sydney’s Bondi Beach and filled them with over 6, 000 books. People got to see IKEA’s bookcase in use and find something interesting to read at the same time.”可知，宜家之所以选择邦迪海滩来展示其产品，可能是因为那是一个不寻常的看书的地方。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据“Coca-Cola is one such company…they got two extra bottles free of charge to give to their friends.”以及“IKEA—one of the world’s largest furniture companies—also gave guerrilla marketing a try. To celebrate the 30th anniversary of its most popular bookcase, IKEA decided to try something different.”可知，作者提到可口可乐和宜家都是“游击营销”的成功范例。故选D。 （2024·江苏南京·三模）After learning about the life of the master poet who lived about 1,300 years ago in the historical documentary Li Bai on CCTV-9, many young Chinese viewers have preferred talking about pursuing (追求) their dreams on social media. In BBC’s Du Fu: China’s Greatest Poet, a historian said, “Du’s poems are as important in Chinese literary history as Shakespeare is to people in Britain.” This remark can also be used for Li’s poems. Living in the Tang Dynasty during the “Golden Age of Chinese Poetry”, Li used his talent to push poetry to a new height. “If Du Fu is the greatest poet in China, then Li Bai is the most talented poet in the history of Chinese poetry,” an expert in ancient Chinese literature told the Global Times. Much of Li’s life is reflected in his poems: his romance, heroism, and freedom while traveling around the mountain s and rivers of China, and his hard life experiences. He saw the Tang Dynasty’s amazing prosperity (繁荣), and dreamed about being an excellent officer to serve the court (朝廷), but experienced challenge after challenge until his death. Li Bai has won great reputation (声誉) among Chinese netizens (网民). The story of the poet’s life has aroused many young Chinese’s interest. ______ For example, “What would we do if our dreams couldn’t be reached, just like Li’s?” Some netizens wrote that unlike Li, they might change to another dream in order not to give themselves too much pressure or unhappiness, while other netizens said they would choose to “hold on straight to the end”. “In fact, many people who like Li Bai’s poems like the spirit he expressed—the spirit of never giving up and dreaming about doing something good to help society, just like many young people who have the same dream in this era,” an expert in ancient Chinese literature said. 1．Which is not the common theme of Li Bai’s poems? A．Heroism. B．Romance. C．Prosperity. D．Freedom. 2．Why is Shakespeare talked about in Paragraph 2? A．To explain the meaning of Shakespeare’s poems in Britain. B．To praise the popularity of Shakespeare’s poems in the world. C．To describe the influence of Li Bai’s poems on English people. D．To show the importance of Li Bai’s poems in Chinese literary history. 3．Which of the following sentence can be put into ______ in Paragraph 5? A．Young netizens ask questions. B．Many young people try to realize their dreams. C．Many young people are interested in Chinese history. D．Ancient Chinese poets encourage young people to challenge life. 4．What does the phrase “hold on straight to the end” probably mean? A．Doing something good to help society. B．Sticking to their dreams and never give up. C．Experiencing challenges one after another. D．Changing to another dream when facing difficulties. 5．According to the last paragraph, what are the reasons why many people like Li Bai’s poems? a. Because of his ability of writing poems.  b. Because of his wishes for working for society. c. Because of his doing well in serving the court.  d. Because of his spirit of keeping trying to do something. A．ab B．ac C．bd D．cd 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇关于中国古代诗人李白的文章，介绍了李白的生平、诗歌主题及其在中国文学史上的地位，并探讨了李白的精神对现代年轻人的影响。 1．细节理解题。根据“ Much of Li’s life is reflected in his poems: his romance, heroism, and freedom while traveling around the mountain s and rivers of China, and his hard life experiences.”可知，李白的诗歌常见主题包括英雄主义、浪漫和自由，但没有提到繁荣。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“Du’s poems are as important in Chinese literary history as Shakespeare is to people in Britain.”以及“This remark can also be used for Li’s poems.”可知，提到了莎士比亚是为了展示李白诗歌在中国文学史上的重要地位，故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据“For example, ‘What would we do if our dreams couldn’t be reached, just like Li’s?’”可知，空后例举了网民们的一些问题，所以A项“年轻的网民提出问题”符合语境。故选A。 4．句意猜测题。根据“Some netizens wrote that unlike Li, they might change to another dream in order not to give themselves too much pressure or unhappiness, while other netizens said they would choose to ‘hold on straight to the end’.”可知，这里列举了两类网友的态度，其中一类是换一个梦想，那么推断，另一类网友的态度应是“将梦想坚持到底”，故选B。 5．细节理解题。根据“In fact, many people who like Li Bai’s poems like the spirit he expressed—the spirit of never giving up and dreaming about doing something good to help society”可知，许多人喜欢李白的诗是因为他希望为社会做贡献和他不断尝试做事的精神，故选C。 （2024·江苏南京·三模）Lixia, or the Start of Summer, falls on May 5 this year. It is the seventh solar term (节气) in the traditional Chinese calendar. As its name suggests, in this solar term, spring is ending and summer is on its way. It’s a time when the temperature increases quickly with heavier rainfall. It’s also a time when crops grow quickly, so the solar term is important for farming. The ancient Chinese people believed lixia also had something to do with health because of the rising humidity (湿度) and temperatures. For example, in Deqing county in Zhejiang province, people still follow the custom of weighing children on lixia when families go on an outing. A large scale (称) more than 1 meter long is hung on a small chair, allowing the child in the chair to be weighed safely. This custom is to remind people to keep fit and avoid weight loss in summer. Local people believe that after this weighing ceremony, children can survive and thrive (茁壮成长) in the summer heat. A more interesting food custom on lixia is the way children eat and play with eggs. Parents put boiled eggs into small mesh (网状) bags, and hang them on their children’s chests. Egg fighting starts when a child goes to meet their friends, each holding an egg. They collide (碰撞) each other’s eggs in pairs. The winners continue the fighting. The last one whose egg is not broken is the final winner. 1．What will not happen after lixia? A．The eggs will be in great need. B．The crops will grow quickly. C．The temperature will increase quickly. D．The rainfall will become much heavier. 2．How many customs about lixia are mentioned in this article? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 3．Which is not true according to the article? A．Children play with eggs with their parents on lixia. B．Lixia is very important for farming in ancient times. C．People in some areas still weigh children on lixia nowadays. D．Ancient Chinese thought lixia had something to do with health. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了24节气中的“立夏”，以及与这个节气相关的习俗。 1．细节理解题。根据“It’s a time when the temperature increases quickly with heavier rainfall. It’s also a time when crops grow quickly, so the solar term is important for farming.”可知，立夏之后气温会迅速上升、降雨量会增加、作物将快速生长。没有提到A项的内容。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“in Deqing county in Zhejiang province, people still follow the custom of weighing children on lixia when families go on an outing. ”和“A more interesting food custom on lixia is the way children eat and play with eggs”可知，文中提到了立夏时的两个习俗，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“A more interesting food custom on lixia is the way children eat and play with eggs. ... Egg fighting starts when a child goes to meet their friends, each holding an egg. They collide (碰撞) each other’s eggs in pairs.”可知，立夏时孩子们和朋友一起玩蛋，而不是和父母，A项表述错误。故选A。 （2024·江苏南京·二模）The circulatory system (循环系统) is an important part of our body. The word “circulatory” means something that is going around in a circle or loop (环). This is exactly what is happening in our bodies all of the time. ________ The simple answer is that your blood is circulated all around your body. The blood is doing an important job. It is taking oxygen all around the body to all the places it needs to go. Oxygen comes into our bodies when we breathe in. It goes into our lungs (肺). Then, this oxygen goes into our blood. Here it starts its journey around the body. You could think of the blood cells like delivery drivers. They drop off the oxygen where it needs to go. Oxygen is dropped off all around the body to thinner blood vessels (血管). These transfer the oxygen to the cells in the body. The Heart The heart is at the heart of it all! Without the heart, no blood would get anywhere around your body. The heart is a big pump (泵). It continuously pumps the blood around the circulatory system. This has to happen all the time to keep you alive. There are two loops in the circulatory system; the first goes to and from the heart. It visits the lungs to collect oxygen and throw away carbon dioxide (二氧化碳). The other loop is much larger. It goes to and from the heart but travels all around the body in between. The Other Half of the System We’ve talked about the blood in your system collecting oxygen and delivering it all around the body. It also does another important job. It takes carbon dioxide from your body back to the lungs to be let out when you breathe out. If we think of our red blood cells as delivery drivers again, they also collect the waste and take it away again. So, they are delivery drivers and waste disposers all in one! 1．Which of the following questions can be put in the blank? A．What circulates and why? B．When does blood flow and how often? C．Why is oxygen transferring? D．How does blood circulate all around you? 2．We can learn from Paragraph 3 that heart ________. A．makes the two loops work B．acts as a pump C．gets everywhere around you D．throws away the body waste 3．What does blood carry in Paragraph 4? A．Carbon and red blood cells. B．Cells and lungs. C．Carbon dioxide and oxygen. D．Carbon and waste. 4．We can read this passage from a ________. A．news report B．fashion magazine C．biological research D．chemistry interview 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人体内的循环系统，包括它的组成，以及心脏在循环系统中发挥的作用。 1．推理判断题。根据下文“The simple answer is that your blood is circulated all around your body.”及“It is taking oxygen all around the body to all the places it needs to go.”可知，此处介绍血液循环的含义和作用，所以D项符合。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The heart is a big pump (泵).”可知，心脏充当一个泵。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“We’ve talked about the blood in your system collecting oxygen and delivering it all around the body. It also does another important job. It takes carbon dioxide from your body back to the lungs to be let out when you breathe out.”可知，血液中携带的是二氧化碳和氧气。故选C。 4．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了人体内的循环系统，包括它的组成，以及心脏在循环系统中发挥的作用，属于生物学研究领域。故选C。 （2024·江苏南京·三模）Why Visit Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum (Zhongshan Ling) Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum is the mausoleum for our “Father of Modern China” and the “Forerunner of the Revolution”—Sun Yat-sen. With a great and inspiring design, this mausoleum was started in 1926 and completed in 1929 with an area of 80, 000 sq. m. (about 20 acres), located at the south slope of the Purple Mountain facing with fertile plain and leaning against a green mountain, close to Xiaoling Mausoleum to the west and Linggu Temple to the east. It is also Sun Yat-sen’s wish to be buried near Purple Mountain. Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum was listed as “National AAAAA Tourist Attraction” in 2006 and “Architectural Heritage in the 20th Century in China” in 2016. Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum is a must-see in Nanjing no matter you want to pay respect to this great people or appreciate the beautiful surroundings. Below are some recommended Nanjing tour packages: ☛ 2 Days Ancient Nanjing Tour ☛ 3 Days Best of Nanjing Highlights Tour About Dr. Sun Yat-sen To have a better visit to Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, you should have a further understanding of this great person in China—Sun Yat-sen. Sun (1866.11.12—1925.3.12) was a Chinese revolutionary, physician, first president and founding father of the Republic of China (ROC). He is considered to be the “Father of Modern China” (中华民国国父) and the “Forerunner of Democratic Revolution” in the People’s Republic of China. He played a crucial role in the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty (1644—1912) and over 2000 years’ Monarchy during the years leading up to the Xinhai Revolution. Sun was appointed to serve as Provisional President of the Republic of China when it was founded in 1912 and he later co-founded Kuomingtang (国民党) and served as its first leader. His political life was with constant struggle and frequent exile. He was exiled to Japan, Europe, the United States, and Canada, but he always supported the revolutionary party and uprising in China. Sun’s chief legacy resides in his development of the political philosophy known as “Three Principles of the People”—Nationalism (民族), People’s Rights (民权) and People’s Livelihood (民生). 1．How many years was Sun Yat-sen lives for? A．50. B．59. C．63. D．69. 2．Where is the Zhongshan Ling from the passage? A．At the south slope of the Purple Mountain facing. B．Far away from the Xiaoling Mausoleum. C．Near the Nanjing museum. D．In the center of Nanjing. 3．What’s the “Three Principles of the People” mean? A．People are the most important thing for a country. B．A great leader can make the country stronger. C．The world must be united by Kuomingtang. D．Other nations are the enemies to China. 4．Where may be the passage from? A．A magazine. B．A story book. C．The film. D．The website. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了南京必去的地方——中山陵等旅游景点及介绍了孙中山先生的生平事迹。 1．细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Sun (1866.11.12—1925.3.12) was a Chinese revolutionary”可知，孙中山生于1866年，逝世于1925年，享年59岁。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“this mausoleum…located at the south slope of the Purple Mountain facing with fertile plain and leaning against a green mountain…”可知，这座陵墓位于紫金山南坡。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“Sun’s chief legacy resides in his development of the political philosophy known as ‘Three Principles of the People’—Nationalism (民族), People’s Rights (民权) and People’s Livelihood (民生)”可知，“三民主义”的政治哲学是指民族主义、民权和民生，即以人民为中心。故选A。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，本文主要介绍了南京必去的地方——中山陵等旅游景点及介绍了孙中山先生的生平事迹，又结合文章图片可推测，这篇文章有可能来自网站。故选D。 （2024·江苏南京·三模）。 Emperor Taizong of Tang (January 23, 599—July 10, 649), personal name Li Shimin, was the second emperor of the Tang Dynasty of China, ruling from 626 to 649. As he encouraged his father, Li Yuan (later Emperor Gaozu) to rise against Sui Dynasty rule at Taiyuan in 617 and subsequently defeated several of his most important rivals, he was ceremonially regarded as a cofounder of the dynasty along with Emperor Gaozu. He is typically considered one of the greatest, if not the greatest, emperor in all of Chinese history. Throughout the rest of Chinese history, Emperor Taizong’s reign was regarded as the exemplary model against which all other emperors were measured, and his “Reign of Zhen Guan” (贞观之治) was considered a golden age of Chinese history and required study for future crown princes. During his reign, Tang China flourished economically and militarily. For more than a century after his death, Tang China enjoyed peace and prosperity. In 630, Emperor Taizong sent his general Li Jing against Eastern Tujue—to which Tang had once submitted—defeating and capturing its Jiali Khan Ashina Duobi and destroying Eastern Tujue power. This made Tang the dominant power in East and Central Asia, and Emperor Taizong subsequently took the title of Tian Kehan (“Heavenly Khan”). Emperor Taizong was, in opposition to nobility of the time, a frank rationalist, openly laughing of superstitions and heaven's claimed signs, and modifying important rites in order to ease agricultural labour. The modern Chinese historian Bo Yang opined that Emperor Taizong achieved greatness by accepting criticism that others would find difficult to accept and trying hard not to abuse his absolute power (using Emperor Yang of Sui as a negative example), as well as employing capable chancellors Fang Xuanling, Du Ruhui, and Wei Zheng. Emperor Taizong’s wife Empress Zhangsun served as a capable assistant to him as well. 1．What was the age of Li Shimin when he was dead? A．48 B．50 C．52 D．23 2．What was the influence of “Reign of Zhen Guan”? A．Tang dynasty got poorer. B．Many of literatus (士大夫) were killed. C．Tang Dynasty was established (建立). D．Tang dynasty was peace and prosperity. 3．Which of the following is true? A．Li Shimin is Li Yuan’s Father. B．The Tujue defeated Li Jing in 630. C．Wei Zheng helped Li Shimin a lot. D．Zhangsun was Li Shimin’s sister. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国唐朝第二位皇帝——唐太宗的事迹。 1．细节理解题。根据“Emperor Taizong of Tang (January 23, 599—July 10, 649)”可知，唐太宗生于599年，逝世于649年，享年50岁。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“his ‘Reign of Zhen Guan’ was considered a golden age of Chinese history…Tang China enjoyed peace and prosperity.”可知，他的“贞观之治”被认为是中国历史上的黄金时代，使唐朝享有和平与繁荣。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据“…as well as employing capable chancellors Fang Xuanling, Du Ruhui, and Wei Zheng”可知，唐太宗善用人才，聘请了能干的宰相方玄龄、杜汝辉和魏征。故选C。 （2024·江苏南京·二模）“It is especially beautiful. No matter who you are or what your age is, seeing something so fantastic is truly attractive,” said Jin Huilin, who was attracted by the rich patterns (花纹) when he saw Yuhua stones for the first time. Nanjing Yuhua stone is a type of water-worn stone mainly found in areas like Nanjing and Yizheng in Jiangsu Province. It is known for its smooth texture (质地), bright colours and rich patterns. Because Yuhua stones are often got from mines( 矿 山), dry Yuhua stones look plain and grey, hiding their true quality. Jin and his friends visited Luhe mining sites in Nanjing, wearing rubber shoes to collect these stones on rainy days. Rain made the stones’ detailed patterns clearer. “It’s better to carry a bottle of water on dry days to pour on the surface of the stones. Sometimes you can find something surprising, “ Jin said. According to Jin, appreciating(欣赏) stones starts with their outer qualities like texture, colour, and patterns. ① However, “real appreciation of the stones requires cultural knowledge; otherwise, they might seem like just pieces of colour,” said Jin. With cultural knowledge and imagination, people could see different patterns, such as trees, mountains, or flowers. “② The stones a person chooses as their favourites can show their cultural awareness,” Jin added. Watching patterns of stones in the water is not the only way to appreciate stones. Jin also mentioned other ways. ③ He gave some examples. “Some people enjoy holding stones in their hands, appreciating their special textures, or using strong light to discover hidden patterns that are even more beautiful. Others choose to put the stones on the desk, inviting guests to appreciate the stones from different positions,” said Jin. ④ For Jin, stone watching brings joy and something fresh to his life. “Some people like to have lively pets while I prefer stones for their lasting nature,” Jin added. 1．The writer begins this article by ________. A．explaining an idea B．showing the reasons C．comparing differences D．telling someone’s opinion 2．Jin suggests carrying a bottle of water when collecting stones on dry days because ________. A．water can bring people good luck B．stones can avoid being polluted with water C．water can help find the stones’ true quality D．the weather makes people feel thirsty easily 3．The sentence “So, watching stones is, in some ways, watching oneself. “most probably comes from ________. A．① B．② C．③ D．④ 4．What can we know about Yuhua stones from the passage? A．Their true quality can be found easily on the surface. B．They can be found in most cities in Jiangsu Province. C．There are different patterns like mountains and flowers in them. D．The textures are seen more clearly in the water than with strong light. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．Pieces of Colour B．Magic from Mines C．Stone Appreciation in Water D．A World of Beauty in Stones 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文讲述了南京雨花石文化交流协会成员金辉林与雨花石之间的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据“ ‘It is especially beautiful. No matter who you are or what your age is, seeing something so fantastic is truly attractive,’ said Jin Huilin, who was attracted by the rich patterns (花纹) when he saw Yuhua stones for the first time.”可知，文章以提出自己的观点的方式展开文章，故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“It’s better to carry a bottle of water on dry days to pour on the surface of the stones. Sometimes you can find something surprising”可知，在干燥的日子里，最好带一瓶水倒在石头表面。有时你会发现一些令人惊讶的事情，故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“With cultural knowledge and imagination, people could see different patterns, such as trees, mountains, or flowers.”以及“The stones a person chooses as their favourites can show their cultural awareness”可知，此处是说一个人选择自己喜欢的石头可以显示他们的文化意识，所以句子“So, watching stones is, in some ways, watching oneself.”应该放在②处，故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“With cultural knowledge and imagination, people could see different patterns, such as trees, mountains, or flowers.”可知，雨花石里面有不同的图案，像山和花，故选C。 5．最佳标题题。根据“ ‘It is especially beautiful. No matter who you are or what your age is, seeing something so fantastic is truly attractive,’ said Jin Huilin, who was attracted by the rich patterns (花纹) when he saw Yuhua stones for the first time.”及整个文章的理解可知，主要是介绍金辉林与雨花石之间的故事，故选D。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题07 阅读理解之说明文 (南京中考真题+中考模拟) 中考真题练 （2023·江苏南京·中考真题）You can volunteer with three or four friends to do a team experiment (实验). First, you need to know a little about the water cycle. The water cycle starts when the sun heats ocean water. The sun converts, or changes, the water into water vapor (蒸气). The sun and wind cause the water vapor to rise into the air. Water vapor cools off in the atmosphere (大气层), or the air that surrounds Earth. Then it changes to drops of water. The drops then cluster, or hold together, forming a cloud. The water in the cloud falls as rain or snow. It may fall back into the ocean, or it may fall on land. If it falls on land, it finally works its way back to the ocean as a water overflow called runoff. As you begin your experiment, remember this amazing fact. The amount of water on Earth now is the same as it was in the past and will be in the future. About 71% of Earth’s surface is water. This includes not only the water in oceans, rivers, and lakes. It also includes the water in clouds, rain, snow, and groundwater and in the icy areas at the North and South Poles. Now make a model of the water cycle with a partner or small group. Use the instructions below: ●Fill cup about halfway with water. ●Add red food color to the water and stir. ●Use the marker to show water level. ●Put the cup in the bag and sea lit. ●Put the bag in a sunny window. After you finish making the water cycle model, watch carefully what happens to the water in the cup. Check the mark showing the water level. You should see that the water level becomes gradually lower. You should also begin to see small drops of water on the sides and bottom of the bag. The water is evaporating (蒸发) from the heat and then changing from the gas created by evaporating to water drops on the sides of the bag. The drops rundown the sides and will begin to collect at the bottom. This is what happens when the sun heats the ocean. Water vapor rises and forms clouds. The drops running down the sides of the bag are like rain filling on Earth. 1．In which part does “runoff” appear in the picture? A．A B．B C．C D．D 2．What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Earth’s surface. B．The water on Earth. C．Your experiment. D．This amazing fact. 3．How does the writer introduce the way of making the water cycle model? A．By showing the steps in order. B．By explaining cause and effect. C．By comparing and contrasting. D．By providing the examples in detail. 4．What can we learn from the experiment? A．Successful experiments need a lot of time and hard work. B．Simple experiments can also help understand science well. C．Students do the experiment in order to show their team spirit. D．Students know the amount of water on Earth from the experiment. 5．From which is the passage most probably taken? A．A storybook. B．A book review. C．A science magazine. D．A tourist guide. （2022·江苏南京·中考真题）Here is an experiment to find out how blowing into bottles can make musical notes (音). 1．How can you see the water levels more clearly? A．By adding food dye. B．By pouring more water. C．By blowing into bottles. D．By resting bottles on lips. 2．What produce a note according to the experiment? A．The level of the water. B．The size of the glass bottle. C．The vibration of the air in the bottle. D．The amount of the food dye in the water. 3．What does the writer want to tell us through this experiment? A．Science things are easy to make. B．Fixed times are necessary for notes. C．Musical notes are difficult to change. D．Labs are important for experiments. （2022·江苏南京·中考真题）Money always flows between people. When money moves from one person to another, it’s known as an exchange or transaction. Here are the main ways it happens. 1．Which of the following is “earning”? A．Getting money by working. B．Spending money on clothes. C．Offering money to the poor. D．Giving money to the government. 2．You bought a piece of art. Hopefully you can sell it and make some money in the future. What is it called? A．Donating. B．Taxation. C．Borrowing and lending. D．Investing. 3．What’s the purpose of the passage? A．To help charities raise money. B．To introduce ways money moves. C．To give instructions to spend money. D．To recommend methods of investing. （2022·江苏南京·中考真题）Imagine the situation. You are driving along a desert or on a mountain. You have no idea where you are. You passed the last house two hours ago. Then your car breaks down. It is night and it is cold. You have no mobile phone. What do you do? Well, next time take a GPS with you. This invention may be able to help you. It is a device (装置) which uses satellites (卫星) to find the user's position (位置). It can find your position to within 20 metres. A GPS cannot start your car, but at least you will know where you are. GPS, which means Global Positioning System, is a small radio receiver. It looks like a mobile phone. You can hold it in your hand, or put in your pocket. It is sometimes put into a watch or a telephone. We also find GPS devices in cars, planes, or boats. Some of these devices have electronic maps, so you know where you are. For example, in a city they can tell you the name of the street. There are three parts to the Global Positioning System. The first part is the receiver. You can hold it in your hand, or have it fixed into your car, plane, etc. The second part is a group of satellites orbiting the Earth. The receiver contacts at least four of the satellites and calculates (计算) its position. The third part of the system is a network of ground stations. They are all over the world. They control the satellites and make sure they are working well. Some people think that in the future the GPS will be as common as the mobile. They are becoming cheaper and more and more accurate (精确的). There are also new uses for the GPS. Perhaps they will become like watches. Everyone will have one and you will never be lost again. 1．According to the passage, with the help of the GPS, people ________. A．can't be lost in a new city B．can't find their way in different countries C．can learn about the culture of an unknown place D．can spend the least time getting to another place 2．We can learn from the passage that ________. A．there are three parts to the GPS B．a GPS can't be put into a watch C．a GPS can help you start your car D．the GPS are becoming more and more expensive 3．The underlined word "They" in paragraph 3 means "________". A．Receivers B．GPS devices C．Satellites D．Ground stations 4．The passage is mainly about ________. A．the history of the GPS B．the introduction of the GPS C．the shape of the GPS D．the three parts of the GPS 5．What can we infer (推断) from the passage? A．All GPS devices have electronic maps. B．People in many countries will use the GPS for free. C．The receiver of the GPS contacts at least five of the satellites. D．The GPS will become more and more common in everyday life. （2021·江苏南京·中考真题）Imagine you choose to join WorldBook Day Book Club. Now you are reading a book on art for children. About art Art is a vast subject, including all kinds of pictures and sculptures. This book introduces 32 works by some of the world’s most famous artists. This is only a small selection, but it reveals（揭示）huge differences in what artists do. Why make art? Artists make art for many reasons. Sometimes, they just want to create something beautiful. But hundreds of years ago-when many people couldn’t read-paintings were often designed to illustrate stories. Very grand paintings were usually made to order, for wealthy clients who wanted to impress people. More recently, artists have begun to paint to express their own feelings or explore ideas. About this book The pictures reproduced in this book were painted over the last 500 years. They are arranged（排列）in order of date, so you can see how ideas about art have changed over time. If you would like to see more art, there is lots on the Internet-just follow the links recommended throughout the book. If you can, visit an art gallery too, so you can experience seeing the “real thing” . 1．Why are the works introduced in the book? A．To tell readers huge differences in what artists do. B．To offer readers all kinds of pictures and sculptures. C．To share every famous artist’s life story with readers. D．To introduce a number of works from an artist to readers. 2．The works in the book are arranged in order of ________ A．size B．space C．time D．importance 3．The passage above mainly _________. A．gives an introduction to the book B．shows the size of each part in the book C．shows the number of the artists in the book D．gives the reasons to order paintings in the book （2021·江苏南京·中考真题）After reading so much, you may wonder how to make a book. It’s time for you to have a try! Have you ever wondered how a book is made? It takes a lot of people to make a book. It can take months, or even years, for a book to go from an idea to a finished product. A book begins when an author comes up with an idea for a book. Authors get ideas in different ways. They may get ideas from their own lives, from watching the world around them, or from reading. Next, an author may plan the book by making an outline （提纲）. Sometimes authors do research to gather information. They may read books or articles. They may interview people or visit places. Then, the author begins to write. Authors may write for months or years to finish a manuscript. A manuscript is the text an author produces for publication. Finally, the author sends the completed manuscript to a publisher. If the publisher decides to publish the book, the author works with an editor. An editor reads the manuscript. Then he or she recommends changes to improve the book. A copy editor reads the manuscript to correct any grammatical mistake. After an author makes the suggested changes, a designer may decide how the book will look. The designer may choose the size, shape, and type styles for the book. Some picture book authors create their own illustrations（插图）. If not, an illustrator is chosen to create pictures for the book. The illustrator makes sketches of pictures that will go on each page. The sketches are sent to the publishing company. The editor makes sure the pictures clearly tell the story. The designer checks how the words and pictures will fit together on the pages. After the design changes are made, the illustrator begins creating the final pictures. He or she may change the colours, the perspective, or the composition of pictures. It may take months to create all the pictures. The finished art is then sent to the publisher. The designer adjusts（调整）how the pictures and words fit together on the pages. The completed pages are sent to the printer. Many books are still made into books with paper pages. The printer uses huge printing presses to make the pages. The pages are fixed together. The book cover is added. The finished books are then sent to the publisher’s warehouse. They are stored there until they are bought by libraries and bookstores. E-readers have changed how some books are made. Some authors do not use a publisher at all. Instead of sending a manuscript to a publisher, some authors turn their manuscripts into eBooks themselves. Finally, an author’s eBook is uploaded（上传）to virtual bookstores on the Internet. Customers can buy and download eBooks from these websites. 1．According to the passage, the designer’s job is to ________. A．create pictures for the book B．make an outline of the book C．decide how the book will look D．correct grammatical mistakes in the book 2．Your first book will be published soon. What will first happen to it after the illustrator has created the final pictures? A． B． C． D． 3．The writer uses the LAST paragraph to ________. A．introduce the history of eBooks B．describe the disadvantages of eBooks C．show the development of making a book D．ask customers to support authors in making a book 4．The writer explains how to make a book by ________. A．giving causes B．showing steps C．providing examples D．expressing opinions 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．From Idea to Book B．Different Kinds of Books C．Workers in the Publishing House D．Between Publishers and Customers （2020·江苏南京·中考真题）。 LIFE is AWKWARD．What should you do when your parents are embarrassing (使尴尬) you in front of your friends? Or what if you see what looks like a classmate stealing someone else’s headphones? In our social Q’s column (专栏), the teenager Harper Ediger and the adult Philip Glances give their best advice to kids looking for help navigating real-life situations. Now it’s your turn: Do you have a question about an uncomfortable social situation at school, at home, on social media or among friends? Email it to us at Kjdsqs@njpost. com and Harper and Philip may answer it in a future issue. Please include your age and hometown. C’mon, we know you have one. To inspire (激励) you, here are reader-submitted questions we’ve published in previous issues: My mom signs me up for camps and activities without asking what I want to do. I only learn what I’m doing at the last minute. I don’t like that it’s a surprise, and I feel that I should be able to help plan my time. How can I have more of a say? At my school, fourth graders need to learn different dances, then dress up for a fancy party where we ask partners to dance with us. This makes me nervous, and I’m not looking forward to it. How should I handle this situation? My sister is home for college break, and lucky me, she’s my roommate. As I’m 12 and she’s almost 19, we both want our own space. I know she doesn’t mean it personally, but she always complains that she doesn’t have a home, which makes me feel as if I’m intruding in my own room. Do I tell her how I feel or let it go? 1．What should be included in your email to the social Q’s column? A．Name, age and social media. B．Age, school and hometown. C．Age, hometown and questions. D．Name, school and questions. 2．The underlined word “say” in the passage means ________. A．the ability to plan time B．the chance to set up camps C．the right to make decisions D．the plan to enjoy activities 3．The writer uses some published reader-submitted questions in order to ________. A．show kids ways of solving problems B．give kids examples of what to write about C．share Harper and Philip’s advice with kids D．offer kids a chance to complain about their lives 4．The social Q’s column is designed to ________. A．help kids deal with their troubles B．train kids to write C．have kids introduce themselves D．advise kids to behave well （2020·江苏南京·中考真题）。 Tea is tasty and good for you. It is also one of the most popular drinks around the world. But what is tea? And why is it so popular? All tea comes from tea leaves but tea is not always the same. There are many kinds of tea. You can drink black tea, green tea, white tea or fruit tea. Each type of tea has a different taste and a different colour. The history of tea begins in Asia. In China, Korea and Japan, tea is still very important today. In Japan, it can take many hours to prepare and drink tea with your guests. In Malaysia, a popular drink at breakfast is teh tarik (‘pulled tea’). Malaysians say it is good for you and tastes good with canai bread. Tourists in Kuala Lumpur like watching the tea sellers make ‘pulled tea’. The tea sellers pour hot water on black tea. After five minutes, they add sugar and milk. Then they ‘pull’ the tea—they pour the tea from one cup to another many times. In many countries, you must have a special kettle to make tea. People in different countries also like to add different things to their tea. For example, Russians use a special kettle called a samovar. They like drinking tea with lemon. Sometimes, they also drink tea with some sugar or jam. In Turkey, tea comes in a Caydanlik. A Caydanlik has two kettles: one for the water and one for the tea. Drink Turkish tea with some sugar. Arab tea, called karak, has cardamom, ginger, milk and sugar. In the United Kingdom, they add some milk and sugar. The British usually eat biscuits with their tea. In Japan, they like. . . 1．Tea, a drink with a long history, first appeared in ________. A．Europe B．America C．Asia D．Africa 2．The writer uses the punctuation mark “…” at the end of the passage to ________. A．express his uncertainly of the subject B．show his special taste in Japanese tea C．attract readers’ interest in further reading D．hide his limited knowledge in this field 3．What is the best title for the passage? A．The History of Tea B．Different Tea Kettles C．The Most Popular Drink D．The World in a Teacup 中考模拟真题练 （2024·江苏南京·二模）Have you ever seen a poster for a product in a place you didn’t expect? Or have you ever been surprised by a group of strangers who suddenly started singing and dancing together to advertise a service? People in advertising call this “guerrilla marketing”. It’s a term that describes low-cost and unusual marketing strategies (策略) that catch people off guard. Guerrilla marketing is different from traditional marketing because it doesn’t use typical marketing platforms like print, TV, or online advertising. It’s also a lot cheaper. It was first designed for small businesses with less money, but these days many large companies are trying this clever and affordable strategy. Coca-Cola is one such company. It once placed a special vending machine on a college campus. If students bought a bottle of Coca-Cola from the machine, they got two extra bottles free of charge to give to their friends. Sometimes, a hand came out of the machine and gave customers flowers instead of an extra drink. People loved it! Coca-Cola filmed customers enjoying this special “happiness machine” and posted the video online. Many people watched the video and shared it with their friends, and the company enjoyed free publicity. IKEA—one of the world’s largest furniture companies—also gave guerrilla marketing a try. To celebrate the 30th anniversary of its most popular bookcase, IKEA decided to try something different. It teamed up with a charity called the Australian Literacy and Numeracy Foundation to set up the world’s largest outdoor library. The location? On a beach! IKEA displayed its bookcases on Sydney’s Bondi Beach and filled them with over 6, 000 books. People got to see IKEA’s bookcase in use and find something interesting to read at the same time. 1．What is the writer’s purpose of the first paragraph? A．To describe how successful guerrilla marketing is. B．To show why guerrilla marketing is successful. C．To show when guerrilla marketing began. D．To explain what guerrilla marketing is. 2．The underlined phrase “off guard” means ________. A．not spending much money B．doing something unusual C．not expecting a surprise D．waiting for something new 3．IKEA probably chose Bondi Beach to show its products because ________. A．it was a future location for IKEA’s store B．it was an unusual place to see books C．it was near a public library D．it was near an IKEA store 4．Why does the writer mention Coca-Cola and IKEA? A．They are both well-known companies around the world. B．They both use traditional marketing strategies. C．They both spend a lot in advertising their products. D．They are both successful examples of guerrilla marketing. （2024·江苏南京·三模）After learning about the life of the master poet who lived about 1,300 years ago in the historical documentary Li Bai on CCTV-9, many young Chinese viewers have preferred talking about pursuing (追求) their dreams on social media. In BBC’s Du Fu: China’s Greatest Poet, a historian said, “Du’s poems are as important in Chinese literary history as Shakespeare is to people in Britain.” This remark can also be used for Li’s poems. Living in the Tang Dynasty during the “Golden Age of Chinese Poetry”, Li used his talent to push poetry to a new height. “If Du Fu is the greatest poet in China, then Li Bai is the most talented poet in the history of Chinese poetry,” an expert in ancient Chinese literature told the Global Times. Much of Li’s life is reflected in his poems: his romance, heroism, and freedom while traveling around the mountain s and rivers of China, and his hard life experiences. He saw the Tang Dynasty’s amazing prosperity (繁荣), and dreamed about being an excellent officer to serve the court (朝廷), but experienced challenge after challenge until his death. Li Bai has won great reputation (声誉) among Chinese netizens (网民). The story of the poet’s life has aroused many young Chinese’s interest. ______ For example, “What would we do if our dreams couldn’t be reached, just like Li’s?” Some netizens wrote that unlike Li, they might change to another dream in order not to give themselves too much pressure or unhappiness, while other netizens said they would choose to “hold on straight to the end”. “In fact, many people who like Li Bai’s poems like the spirit he expressed—the spirit of never giving up and dreaming about doing something good to help society, just like many young people who have the same dream in this era,” an expert in ancient Chinese literature said. 1．Which is not the common theme of Li Bai’s poems? A．Heroism. B．Romance. C．Prosperity. D．Freedom. 2．Why is Shakespeare talked about in Paragraph 2? A．To explain the meaning of Shakespeare’s poems in Britain. B．To praise the popularity of Shakespeare’s poems in the world. C．To describe the influence of Li Bai’s poems on English people. D．To show the importance of Li Bai’s poems in Chinese literary history. 3．Which of the following sentence can be put into ______ in Paragraph 5? A．Young netizens ask questions. B．Many young people try to realize their dreams. C．Many young people are interested in Chinese history. D．Ancient Chinese poets encourage young people to challenge life. 4．What does the phrase “hold on straight to the end” probably mean? A．Doing something good to help society. B．Sticking to their dreams and never give up. C．Experiencing challenges one after another. D．Changing to another dream when facing difficulties. 5．According to the last paragraph, what are the reasons why many people like Li Bai’s poems? a. Because of his ability of writing poems.  b. Because of his wishes for working for society. c. Because of his doing well in serving the court.  d. Because of his spirit of keeping trying to do something. A．ab B．ac C．bd D．cd （2024·江苏南京·三模）Lixia, or the Start of Summer, falls on May 5 this year. It is the seventh solar term (节气) in the traditional Chinese calendar. As its name suggests, in this solar term, spring is ending and summer is on its way. It’s a time when the temperature increases quickly with heavier rainfall. It’s also a time when crops grow quickly, so the solar term is important for farming. The ancient Chinese people believed lixia also had something to do with health because of the rising humidity (湿度) and temperatures. For example, in Deqing county in Zhejiang province, people still follow the custom of weighing children on lixia when families go on an outing. A large scale (称) more than 1 meter long is hung on a small chair, allowing the child in the chair to be weighed safely. This custom is to remind people to keep fit and avoid weight loss in summer. Local people believe that after this weighing ceremony, children can survive and thrive (茁壮成长) in the summer heat. A more interesting food custom on lixia is the way children eat and play with eggs. Parents put boiled eggs into small mesh (网状) bags, and hang them on their children’s chests. Egg fighting starts when a child goes to meet their friends, each holding an egg. They collide (碰撞) each other’s eggs in pairs. The winners continue the fighting. The last one whose egg is not broken is the final winner. 1．What will not happen after lixia? A．The eggs will be in great need. B．The crops will grow quickly. C．The temperature will increase quickly. D．The rainfall will become much heavier. 2．How many customs about lixia are mentioned in this article? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 3．Which is not true according to the article? A．Children play with eggs with their parents on lixia. B．Lixia is very important for farming in ancient times. C．People in some areas still weigh children on lixia nowadays. D．Ancient Chinese thought lixia had something to do with health. （2024·江苏南京·二模）The circulatory system (循环系统) is an important part of our body. The word “circulatory” means something that is going around in a circle or loop (环). This is exactly what is happening in our bodies all of the time. ________ The simple answer is that your blood is circulated all around your body. The blood is doing an important job. It is taking oxygen all around the body to all the places it needs to go. Oxygen comes into our bodies when we breathe in. It goes into our lungs (肺). Then, this oxygen goes into our blood. Here it starts its journey around the body. You could think of the blood cells like delivery drivers. They drop off the oxygen where it needs to go. Oxygen is dropped off all around the body to thinner blood vessels (血管). These transfer the oxygen to the cells in the body. The Heart The heart is at the heart of it all! Without the heart, no blood would get anywhere around your body. The heart is a big pump (泵). It continuously pumps the blood around the circulatory system. This has to happen all the time to keep you alive. There are two loops in the circulatory system; the first goes to and from the heart. It visits the lungs to collect oxygen and throw away carbon dioxide (二氧化碳). The other loop is much larger. It goes to and from the heart but travels all around the body in between. The Other Half of the System We’ve talked about the blood in your system collecting oxygen and delivering it all around the body. It also does another important job. It takes carbon dioxide from your body back to the lungs to be let out when you breathe out. If we think of our red blood cells as delivery drivers again, they also collect the waste and take it away again. So, they are delivery drivers and waste disposers all in one! 1．Which of the following questions can be put in the blank? A．What circulates and why? B．When does blood flow and how often? C．Why is oxygen transferring? D．How does blood circulate all around you? 2．We can learn from Paragraph 3 that heart ________. A．makes the two loops work B．acts as a pump C．gets everywhere around you D．throws away the body waste 3．What does blood carry in Paragraph 4? A．Carbon and red blood cells. B．Cells and lungs. C．Carbon dioxide and oxygen. D．Carbon and waste. 4．We can read this passage from a ________. A．news report B．fashion magazine C．biological research D．chemistry interview （2024·江苏南京·三模）Why Visit Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum (Zhongshan Ling) Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum is the mausoleum for our “Father of Modern China” and the “Forerunner of the Revolution”—Sun Yat-sen. With a great and inspiring design, this mausoleum was started in 1926 and completed in 1929 with an area of 80, 000 sq. m. (about 20 acres), located at the south slope of the Purple Mountain facing with fertile plain and leaning against a green mountain, close to Xiaoling Mausoleum to the west and Linggu Temple to the east. It is also Sun Yat-sen’s wish to be buried near Purple Mountain. Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum was listed as “National AAAAA Tourist Attraction” in 2006 and “Architectural Heritage in the 20th Century in China” in 2016. Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum is a must-see in Nanjing no matter you want to pay respect to this great people or appreciate the beautiful surroundings. Below are some recommended Nanjing tour packages: ☛ 2 Days Ancient Nanjing Tour ☛ 3 Days Best of Nanjing Highlights Tour About Dr. Sun Yat-sen To have a better visit to Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, you should have a further understanding of this great person in China—Sun Yat-sen. Sun (1866.11.12—1925.3.12) was a Chinese revolutionary, physician, first president and founding father of the Republic of China (ROC). He is considered to be the “Father of Modern China” (中华民国国父) and the “Forerunner of Democratic Revolution” in the People’s Republic of China. He played a crucial role in the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty (1644—1912) and over 2000 years’ Monarchy during the years leading up to the Xinhai Revolution. Sun was appointed to serve as Provisional President of the Republic of China when it was founded in 1912 and he later co-founded Kuomingtang (国民党) and served as its first leader. His political life was with constant struggle and frequent exile. He was exiled to Japan, Europe, the United States, and Canada, but he always supported the revolutionary party and uprising in China. Sun’s chief legacy resides in his development of the political philosophy known as “Three Principles of the People”—Nationalism (民族), People’s Rights (民权) and People’s Livelihood (民生). 1．How many years was Sun Yat-sen lives for? A．50. B．59. C．63. D．69. 2．Where is the Zhongshan Ling from the passage? A．At the south slope of the Purple Mountain facing. B．Far away from the Xiaoling Mausoleum. C．Near the Nanjing museum. D．In the center of Nanjing. 3．What’s the “Three Principles of the People” mean? A．People are the most important thing for a country. B．A great leader can make the country stronger. C．The world must be united by Kuomingtang. D．Other nations are the enemies to China. 4．Where may be the passage from? A．A magazine. B．A story book. C．The film. D．The website. （2024·江苏南京·三模）。 Emperor Taizong of Tang (January 23, 599—July 10, 649), personal name Li Shimin, was the second emperor of the Tang Dynasty of China, ruling from 626 to 649. As he encouraged his father, Li Yuan (later Emperor Gaozu) to rise against Sui Dynasty rule at Taiyuan in 617 and subsequently defeated several of his most important rivals, he was ceremonially regarded as a cofounder of the dynasty along with Emperor Gaozu. He is typically considered one of the greatest, if not the greatest, emperor in all of Chinese history. Throughout the rest of Chinese history, Emperor Taizong’s reign was regarded as the exemplary model against which all other emperors were measured, and his “Reign of Zhen Guan” (贞观之治) was considered a golden age of Chinese history and required study for future crown princes. During his reign, Tang China flourished economically and militarily. For more than a century after his death, Tang China enjoyed peace and prosperity. In 630, Emperor Taizong sent his general Li Jing against Eastern Tujue—to which Tang had once submitted—defeating and capturing its Jiali Khan Ashina Duobi and destroying Eastern Tujue power. This made Tang the dominant power in East and Central Asia, and Emperor Taizong subsequently took the title of Tian Kehan (“Heavenly Khan”). Emperor Taizong was, in opposition to nobility of the time, a frank rationalist, openly laughing of superstitions and heaven's claimed signs, and modifying important rites in order to ease agricultural labour. The modern Chinese historian Bo Yang opined that Emperor Taizong achieved greatness by accepting criticism that others would find difficult to accept and trying hard not to abuse his absolute power (using Emperor Yang of Sui as a negative example), as well as employing capable chancellors Fang Xuanling, Du Ruhui, and Wei Zheng. Emperor Taizong’s wife Empress Zhangsun served as a capable assistant to him as well. 1．What was the age of Li Shimin when he was dead? A．48 B．50 C．52 D．23 2．What was the influence of “Reign of Zhen Guan”? A．Tang dynasty got poorer. B．Many of literatus (士大夫) were killed. C．Tang Dynasty was established (建立). D．Tang dynasty was peace and prosperity. 3．Which of the following is true? A．Li Shimin is Li Yuan’s Father. B．The Tujue defeated Li Jing in 630. C．Wei Zheng helped Li Shimin a lot. D．Zhangsun was Li Shimin’s sister. （2024·江苏南京·二模）“It is especially beautiful. No matter who you are or what your age is, seeing something so fantastic is truly attractive,” said Jin Huilin, who was attracted by the rich patterns (花纹) when he saw Yuhua stones for the first time. Nanjing Yuhua stone is a type of water-worn stone mainly found in areas like Nanjing and Yizheng in Jiangsu Province. It is known for its smooth texture (质地), bright colours and rich patterns. Because Yuhua stones are often got from mines( 矿 山), dry Yuhua stones look plain and grey, hiding their true quality. Jin and his friends visited Luhe mining sites in Nanjing, wearing rubber shoes to collect these stones on rainy days. Rain made the stones’ detailed patterns clearer. “It’s better to carry a bottle of water on dry days to pour on the surface of the stones. Sometimes you can find something surprising, “ Jin said. According to Jin, appreciating(欣赏) stones starts with their outer qualities like texture, colour, and patterns. ① However, “real appreciation of the stones requires cultural knowledge; otherwise, they might seem like just pieces of colour,” said Jin. With cultural knowledge and imagination, people could see different patterns, such as trees, mountains, or flowers. “② The stones a person chooses as their favourites can show their cultural awareness,” Jin added. Watching patterns of stones in the water is not the only way to appreciate stones. Jin also mentioned other ways. ③ He gave some examples. “Some people enjoy holding stones in their hands, appreciating their special textures, or using strong light to discover hidden patterns that are even more beautiful. Others choose to put the stones on the desk, inviting guests to appreciate the stones from different positions,” said Jin. ④ For Jin, stone watching brings joy and something fresh to his life. “Some people like to have lively pets while I prefer stones for their lasting nature,” Jin added. 1．The writer begins this article by ________. A．explaining an idea B．showing the reasons C．comparing differences D．telling someone’s opinion 2．Jin suggests carrying a bottle of water when collecting stones on dry days because ________. A．water can bring people good luck B．stones can avoid being polluted with water C．water can help find the stones’ true quality D．the weather makes people feel thirsty easily 3．The sentence “So, watching stones is, in some ways, watching oneself. “most probably comes from ________. A．① B．② C．③ D．④ 4．What can we know about Yuhua stones from the passage? A．Their true quality can be found easily on the surface. B．They can be found in most cities in Jiangsu Province. C．There are different patterns like mountains and flowers in them. D．The textures are seen more clearly in the water than with strong light. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．Pieces of Colour B．Magic from Mines C．Stone Appreciation in Water D．A World of Beauty in Stones 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$