专题06 阅读理解之议论文15篇（各地市期中真题）-2024-2025学年高一英语下学期期中复习查缺补漏冲刺满分（人教版2019）

期中复习之议论文15篇 (各地市期中真题) 基础语篇巩固练 （23-24高一下·广东中山·期中）As we continue to explore farther out into our solar system and beyond, the question of humans living on other planets often comes up. Manned bases on the Moon or Mars for example, have long been a dream of many. There is a natural desire to explore as far as we can go, and also to extend humanity’s presence on a permanent or at least semi-permanent basis. In order to do this, however, it is necessary to adapt to different extreme environments. On the Moon for example, a colony must be self-sustaining and protect its inhabitants from the airless, harsh environment outside. Mars, though, is different. While future bases could adapt to the Martian environment over time there is also the possibility of modifying the surrounding environment instead of just co-existing with it. This is the process of terraforming-adjusting Mars’ atmosphere and environment to make it more Earth-like. But the bigger question is, should we? One of the main issues is whether Mars has any native life or not and if it does, should it be preserved as much as possible? If the answer is yes, then large-scale human settlements on Mars should be completely off-limits. Small colonics might be fine, but living on Mars should not be at the expense of any native habitats, if they exist. If Mars is home to any indigenous life, then terraforming should be a non-issue; it simply should not be done. What if Mars is lifeless? Even if no life exists there, that untouched and unique alien environment needs to be preserved as it is as much as possible. We’ve already done too much damage here on our own planet. By studying Mars and other planets and moons in their current natural state, we can learn so much about their history and also learn more about our own world. We should appreciate the differences of other worlds instead of just transforming them to suit our own ambitions. 1．What is the best title for the text? A．Is there life on Mars? B．Can we adapt to Mars? C．Should we terraform Mars? D．Are Mars and Earth So Different? 2．What does the author think we should do if life is found on Mars? A．Ensure that it’s not harmed. B．Negotiate with the Martians. C．Change the unpopulated regions. D．Assess the advantages and disadvantages. 3．What does the underlined word “indigenous” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Complex. B．Native. C．Foreign. D．Intelligent. 4．How does the author develop his ideas in the text? A．By referring to others’ research. B．By evaluating different planets. C．By justifying the benefits of terraforming. D．By arguing in support of one viewpoint. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，论述了人类是否应该移民火星，在火星上大规模建造定居点这个问题。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Mars, though, is different. While future bases could adapt to the Martian environment over time there is also the possibility of modifying the surrounding environment instead of just co-existing with it. This is the process of terraforming-adjusting Mars’ atmosphere and environment to make it more Earth-like. But the bigger question is, should we?(然而，火星是不同的。虽然未来的基地可以随着时间的推移适应火星环境，但也有可能改变周围的环境，而不仅仅是与之共存。这是一个改造火星的过程——调整火星的大气和环境，使其更像地球。但更大的问题是，我们应该这样做吗？)”以及文章全文可知，文章首先提出问题——我们是否应该调整火星的大气和环境，使它更像地球，紧接就这问题展开阐述：首先要弄清楚火星上是否有原生生命，如果有，那么在火星上建造大规模人类定居点应该是完全禁止的；其次如果火星没有生命，也要尽可能地保护。由此可知，文章主要探讨我们是否应该改造火星，将火星地球化的问题。C选项“Should we terraform Mars?(我们应该改造火星吗？)”能够概括文章主旨，为最佳标题。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Small colonies might be fine, but living on Mars should not be at the expense of any native habitats, if they exist(小的殖民地可能没问题，但在火星上生活不应该以牺牲任何原生栖息地为代价，如果它们存在的话)”可知，如果火星上存在任何原生栖息地，生活在火星上就不应该以牺牲它们为代价；由此可知，作者认为如果在火星上发现了生命，我们应该要保证火星生物不受伤害。故选A。 3．词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“One of the main issues is whether Mars has any native life or not and if it does, should it be preserved as much as possible? If the answer is yes, then large-scale human settlements on Mars should be completely off-limits. Small colonics might be fine, but living on Mars should not be at the expense of any native habitats, if they exist. (其中一个主要问题是火星上是否有原生生命，如果有，是否应该尽可能地保存下来？如果答案是肯定的，那么人类在火星上的大规模定居应该是完全禁止的。小型殖民地可能没问题，但在火星上生活不应该以牺牲任何原生栖息地为代价，如果它们存在的话)”可知，该段第一句提出问题：火星上是否有原生生命，如果有，是否应该尽可能地保护？然后下文回答，如果火星上存在任何原生栖息地，生活在火星上就不应该以牺牲它们为代价。由此推知，划线词所在句“If Mars is home to any indigenous life, then terraforming should be a non-issue; it simply should not be done.(如果火星上有任何indigenous生命，那么地球化应该不是问题；这是不应该做的。)”表达的意思应为：如果火星是任何土著生命的家园, 那么地球改造应该是一个不存在的问题；这根本不应该做。因此，划线词indigenous的意思应为“土著的，本土的”，与native同义。故选B。 4．推理判断题。作者在第一段中“There is a natural desire to explore as far as we can go, and also to extend humanity’s presence on a permanent or at least semi-permanent basis. In order to do this, however, it is necessary to adapt to different extreme environments.(人类有一种自然的愿望，即尽我们所能去探索，同时也希望在永久或至少半永久的基础上扩大人类的存在。然而，为了做到这一点，有必要适应不同的极端环境。)”以及第二段“Mars, though, is different. While future bases could adapt to the Martian environment over time there is also the possibility of modifying the surrounding environment instead of just co-existing with it. This is the process of terraforming-adjusting Mars’ atmosphere and environment to make it more Earth-like. But the bigger question is, should we?(然而，火星是不同的。虽然未来的基地可以随着时间的推移适应火星环境，但也有可能改变周围的环境，而不仅仅是与之共存。这是一个改造火星的过程——调整火星的大气和环境，使其更像地球。但更大的问题是，我们应该这样做吗？)”提出问题：我们应该调整火星的大气和环境，使它更像地球吗？下文作者通过火星上是否有原生生命两个方面展开论述，指出不管火星上是否有原生生命，都不能为了自己的野心对火星进行地球化而破坏其独特环境。由此可知，本文主要通过论述来阐明一个观点：不应该随意进行地球化而破坏火星独特环境。故选D。 （23-24高一下·陕西渭南·期中）Many people prefer to have a bottle of water with them wherever they go, and most typically they use disposable (一次性的) plastic bottles for this purpose. Despite the convenience of this approach, it’s worth considering a move away from bottled water. Plastic water bottles greatly contribute to the environmental crises that we’re currently facing. Of course plastic can be recycled, but only a small portion of waste is processed properly and reused again. Most of the plastic packaging ends up either in the landfills or in the oceans. While our world’s oceans are faced with 8.8 million tons of new plastic material every year, we must admit that plastic water bottles share part of the blame for this problem. By using disposable water bottles on a regular basis, consumers create continued financial motivation for the water companies to keep producing huge amounts of waste, while it’s nearly impossible to monitor how the bottles are manufactured and which percentage is made of recycled plastic. Many brands advertise a variety of beneficial effects, but in reality bottled water passes through an industrial facility and may be polluted in quite a few ways. On the other hand, the impact of water impurities (杂质) can directly lead to serious health problems if such water is consumed over a long period. Some of the water impurities may be of chemical nature, like chlorine or calcium, and they can damage the skin. In rare cases it’s possible to trace amounts of highly poisonous materials in the bottled water products, which apparently results in dangerous results. That’s why it’s highly recommended to use both your own portable water bottle on the road as well as a water purification device at home to ensure that the water you are drinking daily is completely free of anything that could harm your health. Now that you’re aware of how bottled water s pretty harmful not only to humans but also to wildlife and environment, are you ready to say good bye to it? 1．How does the author feel when it comes to plastic water bottles? A．These bottles have caught most people’s attention. B．They have created great convenience to our life. C．They should have been recycled to great extent. D．They have caused terrible impact on the earth. 2．What can we infer according to the third paragraph? A．The water companies are seeking for high profits. B．You should be cautious when deciding on bottled water. C．The bottles are made from non- recycled plastic. D．You should choose the famous brands of bottled water. 3．What is likely to make the consumers worried? A．Water in the bottles kept for a long time. B．The bottles made of different materials. C．The bottled water with a lot of impurities. D．The complex procedure of producing bottles. 4．Which of the following can sum up the passage? A．Why You Need to Break Your Bottled Water Habit? B．How the Plastic Bottled Water Is Actually Produced? C．Why Most People Have a Preference for Bottled Water? D．How Plastic Bottles Create Influence to Environment? 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕“放弃瓶装水”这一观点展开，列举了塑料水瓶对环境的危害、瓶装水可能存在的健康风险，建议人们放弃瓶装水。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Plastic water bottles greatly contribute to the environmental crises that we’re currently facing. Of course plastic can be recycled, but only a small portion of waste is processed properly and reused again. Most of the plastic packaging ends up either in the landfills or in the oceans. While our world’s oceans are faced with 8.8 million tons of new plastic material every year, we must admit that plastic water bottles share part of the blame for this problem.(塑料水瓶极大地加剧了我们目前所面临的环境危机。当然，塑料可以回收，但只有一小部分废物得到了妥善处理并再次使用。大多数塑料包装最终要么被填埋，要么被扔进海洋。当我们的海洋每年面临880万吨新增塑料材料时，我们必须承认塑料水瓶是造成这一问题的部分原因。)”可知，塑料水瓶极大地加剧了目前我们所面临的环境危机，而大多数塑料包装最终都会被填埋或扔进海洋，这表明塑料水瓶对地球造成了严重的影响。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“By using disposable water bottles on a regular basis, consumers create continued financial motivation for the water companies to keep producing huge amounts of waste, while it’s nearly impossible to monitor how the bottles are manufactured and which percentage is made of recycled plastic.(通过经常使用一次性水瓶，消费者为水公司继续生产大量废物提供了持续的财务动力，而几乎不可能监测这些瓶子的制造过程以及其中有多少是回收塑料制成的。)”可知，我们无法确定瓶装水的制造过程和原料是否安全，因此应该谨慎选择瓶装水。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“On the other hand, the impact of water impurities(杂质)can directly lead to serious health problems if such water is consumed over a long period. Some of the water impurities may be of chemical nature, like chlorine or calcium, and they can damage the skin.(另一方面，如果长时间饮用这种水，水中杂质的影响会直接导致严重的健康问题。一些水中杂质可能是化学性质的，如氯或钙，它们会损害皮肤。)”可知，水中杂质的影响可以直接导致严重的健康问题，特别是当这些水被长期饮用时。因此，含有大量杂质的瓶装水很可能会让消费者感到担忧。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Many people prefer to have a bottle of water with them wherever they go, and most typically they use disposable (一次性的) plastic bottles for this purpose. Despite the convenience of this approach, it’s worth considering a move away from bottled water.(许多人无论走到哪里都喜欢随身带一瓶水，而大多数情况下，他们都会使用一次性塑料瓶来达到这个目的。尽管这种方法很方便，但值得考虑放弃瓶装水。)”以及最后一段“Now that you’re aware of how bottled water s pretty harmful not only to humans but also to wildlife and environment, are you ready to say good bye to it?(既然您已经意识到瓶装水不仅对人类有害，而且对野生动物和环境也有害，您准备好和它说再见了吗？)”，并结合全文内容可知，文章主要讨论了瓶装水对环境和健康的不良影响，并建议读者放弃瓶装水，选项A“Why You Need to Break Your Bottled Water Habit (为什么你需要打破你的瓶装水习惯)”准确地概括了文章的主要内容。故选A。 （23-24高一下·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中）There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist. Knowing a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the rich ness of a whole, well-lived life. Society pushes us to specialize, to become experts. This requires commitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is that we often come to know more and more about less and less. There is a great deal of pressure to master one’s field. You may pursue training, degrees, or increasing levels of responsibility at work. Then you discover the pressure of having to keep up. Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty. But such commitment can also weaken their sense of freedom. These specialists could work at the office until ten each night, then look back and realize they would have loved to have gone home and enjoyed the sweetness of their family and friends, or traveled to exciting places, meeting interesting people. Mastering one thing to the exclusion of others can hold back your true spirit. Generalists, on the other hand, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its connections. They are people of ability, talent, and enthusiasm who can bring their broad perspective (视角) into specific fields of expertise (专长). The doctor who is also a poet and Philosopher, is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills. Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are. My editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy. “I don’t know where it will lead, but I’m excited I’m on this pursuit.” These expansions into new worlds help us by giving us new perspectives. We begin to see the interconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe. Develop broad, general knowledge and experience. The universe is all yours to explore and enjoy. 1．To become a specialist, you may have to ________. A．narrow your range of knowledge B．get pushed by the surroundings C．know a lot more about society D．broaden your perspective on life 2．According to the author, a superior doctor is one who ________. A．is a pure specialist in medicine B．is gifted in poetry and philosophy C．is fully aware of his talent and ability D．brings knowledge of other fields to work 3．What does the author intend to show with the example of Toni? A．Chinese culture is appealing to people worldwide. B．One passion alone is not enough to ensure success. C．In-depth exploration can make discoveries possible. D．Seemingly unrelated interests are in a way connected. 4．What does the author suggest we do? A．Decide to be specialist or generalist B．Be more of a generalist than a specialist C．Find ways to become a specialist D．Focus on mastering one field. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了作为专家需要具备的知识及作为一个多面手需要具备的东西，并对两者进行了比较与讨论，建议做一个多面手。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Society pushes us to specialize, to become experts. This requires commitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is that we often come to know more and more about less and less.(社会促使我们专攻，成为专家。这需要致力于某一特定的职业、学科或研究。成为专家的缺点是，我们常常对越来越少的东西了解得越来越多)”可知，专家需要致力于某一特定的职业、学科或研究，所以要想成为专家，就必须缩小自己的知识面。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段的“The doctor who is also a poet and Philosopher, is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills.(一个既是诗人又是哲学家的医生是一个优秀的医生，他能给他的病人比良好的医疗技术更多的东西)”可知，作者认为一位优秀的医生不仅仅是纯粹的医生，他在诗歌和哲学上所知的东西也会运用到工作中去，给予病人超越医术的东西，会将其他领域的知识带到工作中去。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“Toni”的例子上文内容 “Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are.(事物是相互关联的。让你在某一领域的专长激发你在所有相关领域的热情。你的一些兴趣可能看起来没有联系，但一旦你探索了它们的深度，你会发现它们是联系的)”可知，作者想用托妮的例子来说明表面上不相关的兴趣在某种程度上是相关的。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist.(做一个多面手是有道理的，即使你是个专家)”和最后一段“These expansions into new worlds help us by giving us new perspectives. We begin to see the interconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe. Develop broad, general knowledge and experience. The universe is all yours to explore and enjoy.(这些对新世界的扩展通过给我们新的视角来帮助我们。我们开始在我们生活的方方面面，在我们自己和宇宙中，看到事物之间的相互联系。拓展广博的知识和经验。宇宙完全在你使用的探索和享受中)”及结合全文理解可知，本文主要讲述做一个多面手，而不是专家，这更能让我们生活得充实，所以作者建议做一个多面手，而不是专家。故选B项。 （23-24高一下·辽宁·期中）In 1240, the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II built Castel del Monte on a lonely hill in central Puglia, where he had a perfect view of approaching enemies. He probably never imagined the enemies might be tourists one day. But these days, the old castle has been polished clean, and hundreds of multicolored Pullman buses snake up the winding roads to its grounds, now filled with T-shirt stands, Coca-Cola signs and a 200-car parking lot. All this thanks to the fact that UNESCO has designated (认定) it a World Heritage Site in 1996. Officially, UNESCO honors places that exemplify an area’s ancestry, with the purpose of ensuring they are preserved. Unofficially, this designation is a kind of fairy dust that often turns little-known cultural sites into overnight tourist sensations. This is both a gift and a cuss. Lisa Mastny, senior adviser to the World Watch Institute, says tourism is double-edged for places considered of “outstanding value to humanity. It offers many poor communities the chance to obtain financial rewards, but also threatens the very resources —human and natural—upon which the industry is ultimately built”. There is growing awareness that assigning UNESCO designation is worthless — or worse, harmful — without some kind of follow-up preservation program. “In the early days there wasn’t much attention given to what would happen once these site s became World Heritage. But that’s changing slowly,” says Joseph King, director of the sites unit at the International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (ICCROM). In Africa, a 12-year training program is currently underway to teach locals not only how to preserve their immovable cultural heritage, but how to use it for economic development. In Eastern Europe, where tourism is a relatively new thing, cities are looking for help in figuring out where to draw the line between preserving historical centers and promoting urban development. 1．What can we learn about Castel del Monte? A．It was built to enjoy the view. B．It has become a hot tourist spot. C．It has to make way for a shopping mall. D．It failed to win UNESCO designation in 1996. 2．Which word is closest in meaning to the underlined word “cuss” in paragraph 2? A．Solution. B．Promise. C．Drawback. D．Chance. 3．How does the author support King’s words in the last paragraph? A．By quoting experts. B．By analyzing cause and effect. C．By giving examples. D．By making comparisons. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Is UNESCO Helpful in Driving Global Tourism? B．How Can a Place Be Included in the UNESCO List? C．Why Is It Important to Market World Heritage Site Tours? D．Does Identifying World Heritage Sites Do More Harm Than Good? 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是议论文。某地荣膺联合国教科文组织颁发的世界遗产地后往往会迎来众多游客的慕名参观，这对于保护该历史遗迹究竞是好是坏呢？世界遗产地在获得这一荣誉称号后究竟应该采取哪些应对措施才能切实保护历史文化呢？ 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“He probably never imagined the enemies might be tourists one day. But these days, the old castle has been polished clean, and hundreds of multicolored Pullman buses snake up the winding roads to its grounds, now filled with T-shirt stands, Coca-Cola signs and a 200-car parking lot. All this thanks to the fact that UNESCO has designated (认定) it a World Heritage Site in 1996. (他可能从来没有想到敌人有一天会是游客。但如今，这座古老的城堡已经被擦得干干正正，数百辆色彩斑斓的普尔曼巴士沿着蜿蜒的道路蜿蜒而上，驶往城堡的场地，现在到处都是t恤摊、可口可乐的招牌和一个可容纳200辆车的停车场。这一切都要归功于联合国教科文组织于1996年将其指定为世界遗产。)”可知，蒙特城堡现在已经成为一个热门旅游景点，每天参观的游客络绎不绝。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据后文“Lisa Mastny, senior adviser to the World Watch Institute, says tourism is double-edged for places considered of “outstanding value to humanity. It offers many poor communities the chance to obtain financial rewards, but also threatens the very resources —human and natural—upon which the industry is ultimately built”. ( 世界观察研究所高级顾问丽莎•马斯特尼表示，对于那些被认为“对人类有突出价值”的地方来说，旅游业是一把双刃剑。它为许多贫困社区提供了获得经济回报的机会，但也威胁到该行业最终建立的人力和自然资源。”)”可知，旅游既给当地带来收入，又对世界遗产地的人文和自然资源造成了破坏。由此可见，“旅游对于世界遗产地而言既是馈赠又有缺点。故划线词意思是“缺点”。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段““In the early days there wasn’t much attention given to what would happen once these site s became World Heritage. But that’s changing slowly,” says Joseph King, director of the sites unit at the International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (ICCROM). In Africa, a 12-year training program is currently underway to teach locals not only how to preserve their immovable cultural heritage, but how to use it for economic development. In Eastern Europe, where tourism is a relatively new thing, cities are looking for help in figuring out where to draw the line between preserving historical centers and promoting urban development. (“在早期，人们并没有太关注这些遗址成为世界遗产后会发生什么。但这种情况正在缓慢改变，”国际文化财产保护与修复研究中心遗址部门主任约瑟夫·金说。在非洲，一个为期12年的培训项目正在进行中，该项目不仅教授当地人如何保护他们不可移动的文化遗产，还教授他们如何将其用于经济发展。在东欧，旅游业是一个相对较新的事物，城市正在寻求帮助，以弄清楚如何在保护历史中心和促进城市发展之间划清界限。)”可知，作者通过举例子来说明这种“变化”。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。文章前两段以蒙特城堡为例，讨论了某地荣膺联合国教科文组织颁发的世界遗产地称号后的利与弊：既带来了旅游收入，又对当地文化造成了破坏。最后一段讨论了一些地方逐渐开始意识到其中的弊端，并提出解决弊端的方法。故D项“认定世界遗产是否弊大于利？”作标题最能概括文意。故选D。 （23-24高一下·北京通州·期中）As warm blood spattered all over us, I screamed… actually it was water, but that didn’t stop me being so scared that my heart was nearly beating out of my chest. My friend had persuaded me onto the Hotel Psycho ride at the Prater Amusement Park, I’m unwilling to experience any fear, but I decided to do it anyway. I came off the ride shaking but excited. Apparently Eleanor Roosevelt didn’t actually say “do one thing that scares you every day”, as is often thought, but nevertheless it’s a great rule to follow. You don’t need to go on a fairground ride or jump out of a plane, but it is a good idea to push yourself out of your comfort zone regularly. The human brain, particularly the amygdale (杏仁核), is designed to keep you safe. This sounds like a good thing, and obviously, sometimes it is. However, the fact that the amygdala is always on the lookout for danger means that it will prioritize protecting you over almost anything else: learning something new, experiencing something amazing, getting a great opportunity and meeting other people. The amygdala would really just like you to stay put in a nice safe dark cave. The more you listen to its urgings to avoid all risks, the narrower and darker your life will become. There is plenty of evidence that the most effective way to deal with our fears and anxieties is exposing ourselves to what we fear. You can start off with small steps, but the more you confront (面对) your fears, the smaller they become: whereas the more you allow your fears to prevent you from doing things, the bigger those fears seem to be. For this reason, it is important to stretch yourself and keep all those possibilities open. You need to take risks and do things that petrify you, so that you know just what you’re capable of. Sometimes those risks won’t work out, but that’s fine, as long as you can learn from the experience, and get ready for the next adventure. 1．How does the author introduce the topic of the text? A．By giving a definition. B．By telling a horrible story. C．By quoting from a classic book. D．By describing his own experience. 2．What can be learned about the amygdala? A．It stops people from trying things out. B．It functions well in a dark environment. C．It introduces some risk-taking activities. D．It highlights people’s demand for learning. 3．What does the author tell us about our fears in Paragraph 4? A．They could be hard to overcome. B．They should be addressed effectively. C．They would be necessary for survival. D．They might be regular visitors to our life. 4．What does the underlined word “petrify” in the last paragraph mean? A．Inspire. B．Scare. C．Comfort. D．Anger. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章认为人应该定期让自己走出舒适区，因为一味地待在安全舒适的地方会使生活变得狭隘。文章还指出通过直面恐惧我们才能逐渐克服恐惧，因此鼓励我们冒险去做让自己害怕的事情，即使冒险不成功，也能从经验中吸取教训。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“As warm blood spattered all over us, I screamed… actually it was water, but that didn’t stop me being so scared that my heart was nearly beating out of my chest. My friend had persuaded me onto the Hotel Psycho ride at the Prater Amusement Park, I’m unwilling to experience any fear, but I decided to do it anyway. I came off the ride shaking but excited. (温暖的血液溅了我们一身，我尖叫起来，其实那是水，但这并不能阻止我的恐惧，我的心几乎要跳出胸腔了。我的朋友说服我去普拉特游乐园玩“惊魂飞车”，我不愿意经历任何恐惧，但我还是决定去做。我下了车，浑身发抖，但很兴奋)”可知，作者是通过描述他自己玩“惊魂飞车”的经历，来引出如何对待恐惧这一话题的。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The human brain, particularly the amygdale (杏仁核), is designed to keep you safe. (人类的大脑，尤其是杏仁核，是用来保护你的安全的)”和“However, the fact that the amygdala is always on the lookout for danger means that it will prioritize protecting you over almost anything else: learning something new, experiencing something amazing, getting a great opportunity and meeting other people. (然而，杏仁核总是在寻找危险的事实意味着它会优先考虑保护你，而不是其他任何事情：学习新东西，体验神奇的东西，获得好机会和结识其他人)”可知，杏仁核会保护人的安全，阻止人们尝试可能存在危险的新事物。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“There is plenty of evidence that the most effective way to deal with our fears and anxieties is exposing ourselves to what we fear. You can start off with small steps, but the more you confront (面对) your fears, the smaller they become: whereas the more you allow your fears to prevent you from doing things, the bigger those fears seem to be. (有大量证据表明，处理恐惧和焦虑的最有效方法是让自己暴露在恐惧之中。你可以从一小步开始，但是你越是直面你的恐惧，它们就会变得越小；然而，你越是让恐惧阻止你做事，这些恐惧就会变得越大)”可知，作者认为应当直面恐惧，从小处着手逐步克服恐惧。由此可知，作者想要告诉我们应该有效地消除恐惧。故选B项。 4．词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“For this reason, it is important to stretch yourself and keep all those possibilities open. You need to take risks (出于这个原因，延展你自己，保持所有的可能性是很重要的。你需要冒险)”可知，作者建议我们去尝试可能性，去冒险，因此是去做让自己害怕的事情，画线词意思应该是“使感到惊恐，使感到害怕”，与Scare意思相近。故选B项。 （23-24高一下·山西·期中）We’ve all heard “use your time wisely” at least once in our lives. But what does that mean? How can we use our time “wisely”? In an increasingly urbanizing world, we are getting more and more busy. Thus, things we do to relax, like reading a book, or going out with friends are becoming more rare. There have been many studies that indicate how relaxation and going out with friends can improve your mental and physical health. Being able to take part in an enjoyable hobby or spend time with someone you enjoy being around can help release “feel good” hormones (激素) that can ease some stress in your daily life. But of course, sometimes when I find myself enjoying a book, playing a video game, or surfing the Internet, I get this awful feeling immediately after that I could have used that time to do something productive like taking textbook notes or finishing homework. However, even if it isn’t obvious, doing those little things prevents us from burning out too fast. It creates positive memories in your mind that will hopefully get you through a tough time. You need to “waste time” in order to be productive later on. That’s what the popular idea of a work-life balance tells us, which claims that we should have a balance between spending time on jobs or studying and the time spent with family, friends, and pursuing hobbies and interests. According to this model, you should be doing things you enjoy so that you can keep the balance. We can use our time “wisely” by doing things that help us finish our degree or getting accepted into that one job, but we can also use our time “wisely” by taking some time to do what we love. There is no such thing as “wasting time” when it benefits you in the long run. The “work-life balance” that everyone talks about is important in this regard and we should all learn how to maintain that healthily. 1．How many kinds of relaxation are mentioned in Paragraph 1? A．Five. B．Four. C．Three. D．Two. 2．Why does the author feel terrible after relaxation? A．Guilt arises from doing less fruitful things. B．Balance between tasks and rests is broken. C．Too little time is wasted on relaxing activities. D．Relaxation will be replaced by busy days soon. 3．Which of the following is the benefit of “wasting time” according to Paragraph 4? A．Keeping us in high spirits all the time. B．Improving our efficiency and brainpower. C．Keeping the balance between work and life. D．Enabling us to handle troubles in a wise way. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．On Wasting Time B．On Using Time Wisely C．On Relaxation D．On Work-life Balance 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了“明智地使用时间”的含义和重要性。作者指出，随着城市化进程的加快，人们越来越忙碌，很难有时间进行放松和社交活动。但研究表明，这些活动对身心健康有益。作者认为，虽然有时我们可能会觉得某些休闲活动是在“浪费时间”，但这些活动实际上能帮助我们缓解压力，创造积极记忆，并促进工作与生活的平衡。因此，我们应该学会明智地利用时间，平衡工作和休闲。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Thus, things we do to relax, like reading a book, or going out with friends are becoming more rare. (因此，我们做一些放松的事情，比如读书，或者和朋友出去，变得越来越少了。)”可知，段中提到读书和和朋友出去两种放松方式。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“But of course, sometimes when I find myself enjoying a book, playing a video game, or surfing the Internet, I get this awful feeling immediately after that I could have used that time to do something productive like taking textbook notes or finishing homework. (当然，有时候当我发现自己喜欢看书、玩电子游戏或上网时，我马上就会有一种糟糕的感觉，我本可以利用这些时间做一些有成效的事情，比如记笔记或完成作业。)”可知，作者放松后感觉很糟糕是因为他认为自己本可以用这些时间做更有成效的事情，所以感到愧疚。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“However, even if it isn’t obvious, doing those little things prevents us from burning out too fast. It creates positive memories in your mind that will hopefully get you through a tough time. You need to “waste time” in order to be productive later on. That’s what the popular idea of a work-life balance tells us, which claims that we should have a balance between spending time on jobs or studying and the time spent with family, friends, and pursuing hobbies and interests. According to this model, you should be doing things you enjoy so that you can keep the balance. (然而，即使不是很明显，做这些小事也能防止我们很快耗尽精力。它会在你的脑海中创造积极的记忆，让你度过艰难的时光。你需要“浪费时间”，以便以后更有效率。这就是工作与生活平衡的流行观点告诉我们的，它声称我们应该在工作或学习的时间和与家人、朋友相处的时间以及追求爱好和兴趣的时间之间取得平衡。根据这个模型，你应该做你喜欢的事情，这样你才能保持平衡。)”可知，做一些小的休闲活动可以防止我们过快地耗尽精力，并创造积极的记忆，帮助我们度过艰难的时期。这支持了在工作/学习时间和与家人、朋友相处的时间以及追求爱好和兴趣的时间之间保持平衡的想法，达到“工作与生活的平衡”，这是“浪费时间”的好处。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“We’ve all heard “use your time wisely” at least once in our lives. But what does that mean? How can we use our time “wisely”?( 我们一生中至少听过一次“明智地利用你的时间”。但这意味着什么呢?我们怎样才能“明智地”利用时间呢?)”、和第四段中“You need to “waste time” in order to be productive later on. That’s what the popular idea of a work-life balance tells us, which claims that we should have a balance between spending time on jobs or studying and the time spent with family, friends, and pursuing hobbies and interests. According to this model, you should be doing things you enjoy so that you can keep the balance. (你需要“浪费时间”，以便以后更有效率。这就是工作与生活平衡的流行观点告诉我们的，它声称我们应该在工作或学习的时间与与家人、朋友相处的时间以及追求爱好和兴趣的时间之间取得平衡。根据这个模型，你应该做你喜欢的事情，这样你才能保持平衡。)”和最后段中“We can use our time “wisely” by doing things that help us finish our degree or getting accepted into that one job, but we can also use our time “wisely” by taking some time to do what we love. There is no such thing as “wasting time” when it benefits you in the long run. (我们可以“明智地”利用我们的时间，做一些有助于我们完成学位或得到一份工作的事情，但我们也可以“明智地”利用我们的时间，花一些时间做我们喜欢的事情。从长远来看，没有所谓的“浪费时间”。)”可知，文章回答了什么是明智地利用时间这一问题，告诉我们“浪费时间”也是明智的，它可以平衡我们的生活，故“On Wasting Time (关于浪费时间)”是最佳标题。故选A项。 （23-24高一下·天津河东·期中）Thomas, 13, and his friends Mark and Josh had a fantastic idea. Why not play a game of football ... on a trampoline（蹦床）? At first, it was great fun. Then Mark stumbled（绊倒）, landing directly on Thomas’s leg. Thomas howled in pain. Even if you’ve never been injured on a trampoline, chances are you know someone who has. There were nearly 95,000 trampoline-related injuries, in 2012 alone. These injuries are such an enormous problem that the American Academy of Pediatrics （AAP）, a group of doctors who specialize in treating children and adolescents, said in a 2012 study that trampolines should never be used at home or on playgrounds. Never. “This is not a toy. It’s a piece of equipment,” says Dr. Michele LaBotz, an author of the AAPstudy. Indeed, when trampolines were invented in the 1930s, they were intended for use by professional acrobats（杂技演员）. Over time, trampolines caught on with the public, and now 900,000 are sold each year, most of them for recreational use. Part of trampolines’ appeal is that despite the risks, they provide good exercise. You get a heart-pumping aerobic（有氧的） workout, like you do when running or dancing. And young people need all the exercise they can get. Still, trampolines can be dangerous — and not just for kids who fall off. Kids are also getting hurt on the springs and when they strike against each other. Serious injuries to the head and neck have been reported. One out of every 200 trampoline injuries leads to permanent brain damage. Bouncing on a trampoline is clearly risky. But then, every athletic activity involves risk. Kids fall off bikes and skateboards all the time. As with any sport, kids on a trampoline can protect themselves. For instance: Never allow more than one person on a trampoline at a time. （About 75 percent of injuries result from having multiple jumpers at once.） And always have adult supervision. 1．According to the 2012 study by the AAP, ________. A．kids can protect themselves on a trampoline B．trampolines shouldn’t be used for entertainment C．trampolines are more popular among young kids D．kids shouldn’t trampoline without adult supervision 2．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 6 mean? A．Trampolines were used to train the public. B．People realized the danger of trampolining. C．Trampolines became popular among the public. D．People worried about kids playing on trampolines. 3．What’s the author’s attitude towards trampolining? A．Uncertain. B．Unconcerned. C．Opposed. D．Objective. 4．The text is mainly about ________. A．the history of trampolines B．why kids shouldn’t trampoline C．the advantages of trampolining D．whether kids should trampoline 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是篇议论文。文章通过对受伤案例的描述和数据的列举，分析了蹦床虽然对青少年有一定的吸引力，但它仍然是一项非常危险的运动，容易造成身体受伤，因此人们应该正确地使用蹦床，以确保安全。 1．细节理解题。根据第四段“These injuries are such an enormous problem that the American Academy of Pediatrics （AAP）, a group of doctors who specialize in treating children and adolescents, said in a 2012 study that trampolines should never be used at home or on playgrounds. Never.”（这些伤害是一个非常严重的问题，美国儿科学会(该学会由专门治疗儿童和青少年的医生组成）在2012年的一项研究中表示，蹦床不应该在家里或操场上使用。绝不应该。）和第五段的“This is not a toy”（这不是一个玩具）可知，AAP的研究表明蹦床不应该在家里或操场上，被孩子们作为一种娱乐玩具来使用。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线句后“and now 900,000 are sold each year, most of them for recreational use.”（现在每年销售90万支，其中大部分用于娱乐用途。）可知，随着时间的推移，蹦床用于娱乐的销售量增加，说明蹦床开始被大众所欢迎，变得流行起来，故划线句表示“蹦床在大众中流行起来”。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Bouncing on a trampoline is clearly risky. But then, every athletic activity involves risk.”（跳蹦床显然很危险。但是，每项体育活动都有风险。）和“As with any sport, kids on a trampoline can protect themselves.”（和其他运动一样，蹦床上的孩子可以保护自己。）可知，作者认为蹦床是有危险的，但是孩子们也是可以保护自己的，可见作者持客观的态度。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Why not play a game of football ... on a trampoline（蹦床）?”（为什么不能在蹦床上踢足球？）和最后一段“Bouncing on a trampoline is clearly risky. But then, every athletic activity involves risk...As with any sport, kids on a trampoline can protect themselves.”（跳蹦床显然很危险。但是，每项体育活动都有风险……和其他运动一样，蹦床上的孩子可以保护自己。）以及全文内容可知，文章主要分析了蹦床的优缺点，讨论了孩子们是否应该玩蹦床这一话题。故选D。 （23-24高一下·江西萍乡·期中）Do you know of anyone who uses the truth to deceive (欺骗)? When someone tells you something that is true, but leaves out important information that should be included, he can give you a false picture. For example, some might say, “I just won a hundred dollars on the lottery. It was great. I took that dollar ticket back to the store and turned it in for one hundred dollars!” This guy’s a winner, right? Maybe, maybe not. We then discover that he bought $200 worth of tickets, and only one was a winner. He’s really a big loser! He didn’t say anything that was false, but he left out important information on purpose. That’s called a half-truth. Half-truths are not technically lies, but they are just as dishonest. Some politicians often use this trick. Let’s say that during Governor Smith’s last term, her state lost one million jobs and gained three million jobs. Then she seeks another term. One of her opponents says, “During Governor Smith’s term, the state lost one million jobs!” That’s true. However, an honest statement would have been, “During Governor Smith’s term, the state had a net gain of two million jobs.” Advertisers will sometimes use half-truths. It’s against the law to make false statements so they try to mislead you with the truth. An advertisement might say, “Nine out of ten doctors advised their patients to take Yucky Pills to cure toothache.” It fails to mention that they only asked ten doctors and nine of them work for the Yucky Company. This kind of deception happens too often. It’s a sad fact of life: Lies are lies, and sometimes the truth can lie as well. 1．How much did the lottery winner lose? A．One hundred dollars.B．Two hundred dollars.C．Three hundred dollars. D．Four hundred dollars. 2．What do the underlined words “net gain” in paragraph 2mean? A．Large share. B．Final increase. C．Big advantage. D．Total saving. 3．We may infer that the author believes people should __________. A．buy lottery tickets B．make use of half-truths C．not trust the Yucky Company D．don’t take anything at face value 4．What can we know from the example of the Yucky Pills advertisement? A．False statements are easy to see through. B．Half-truths are often used to mislead people. C．Doctors like to act in advertisements. D．Advertisements are based on facts. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了有时候事实也会欺骗人。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“For example, some might say, “I just won a hundred dollars on the lottery. It was great. I took that dollar ticket back to the store and turned it in for one hundred dollars!” This guy’s a winner, right? Maybe, maybe not. We then discover that he bought $200 worth of tickets, and only one was a winner. He’s really a big loser!(比如说，有些人可能会说：“我刚刚在彩票上赢了一百美元。太棒了！我拿着那张一美元的彩票回到商店，然后兑换成了一百美元！”这个人是赢家，对吧？可能是，也可能不是。然后我们发现他买了价值200美元的彩票，但只有一张是中奖的。他其实是个大输家！)”可知，他买了价值200美元的彩票，但只有一张中奖100美元，实际上他输了100美元。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据上文“Some politicians often use this trick. Let’s say that during Governor Smith’s last term, her state lost one million jobs and gained three million jobs. Then she seeks another term. One of her opponents says, “During Governor Smith’s term, the state lost one million jobs!” That’s true.(一些政客经常使用这种手段。比如说，在史密斯州长上一任期内，她的州失去了100万个工作岗位，但获得了300万个工作岗位。然后她寻求连任。她的一个对手说：“在史密斯州长的任期内，该州失去了100万个工作岗位！”这是事实。)”可知，一个诚实的声明应该是“在史密斯州长的任期内，州里净增了200万个工作岗位。”这里的“net gain”指的是最终的增加量，即减去失去的工作岗位后，实际增加的工作岗位数。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Do you know of anyone who uses the truth to deceive (欺骗)? When someone tells you something that is true, but leaves out important information that should be included, he can give you a false picture.(你知道有人用真相来欺骗吗？当有人告诉你某件事是真的，但却省略了本应包含的重要信息时，他可能会给你一种错误的印象。)”可知，作者提到有些人会用真实的事实来欺骗别人，因此我们不能仅仅根据表面上的信息来判断事情的真实情况。因此，从作者的论述中，我们可以推断出作者认为人们不应该只看表面，而应该进行深入的了解和分析，以避免被欺骗。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Advertisers will sometimes use half-truths. It’s against the law to make false statements so they try to mislead you with the truth. An advertisement might say, “Nine out of ten doctors advised their patients to take Yucky Pills to cure toothache.” It fails to mention that they only asked ten doctors and nine of them work for the Yucky Company. (广告商有时会使用半真半假的说法。做虚假陈述是违法的，所以他们试图用真相来误导你。广告可能会说:“90%的医生建议他们的病人服用Yucky Pills来治疗牙痛。”它没有提到他们只问了10个医生，其中9个在Yucky公司工作。)”可知，从Yucky Pills广告的例子中，我们可以知道半真半假的说法经常被用来误导人们。故选B。 （23-24高一下·海南·期中）With the increasing development of technology, we now have the ability to get much information from foreign media sources (媒体资源). Because we can learn much about events happening in other countries from the media, such as magazines and newspapers, many people may think that reading magazines and newspapers is the best way to learn about a foreign country. However, I believe that only reading magazines and newspapers as a way of learning about a foreign country has several limitations. We cannot deny that magazines and newspapers actually present some valuable information about foreign countries. However, the information that they present is often one­-sided, so that readers can only learn about one opinion on an event happening in a foreign country. Also, the words and pictures in magazines and newspapers may not be true. If a government wants to hide some facts, it may force the media to tell lies to its readers, and thus the information that readers receive may not be true. I think that the best way to learn about a foreign country is to travel or live there for a while. By traveling or living in a country, you can see things that do not appear in magazines and newspapers, and learn about the local political situation, state of the economy, and the culture. You can get more information about a country by talking directly with local people about the overall situation, and can truly understand the local culture by living with them for a while. But if you are at home reading a newspaper or magazine, you simply get information provided by others passively (被动地) instead of collecting information directly. So, I believe that the best way to learn about a foreign country is not by reading magazines and newspapers but by placing yourself in that foreign country. 1．What does the text mainly discuss? A．How people get information in no time. B．Where people can get information they need. C．Why it’s important to learn about a foreign country. D．What the best way to learn about a foreign country is. 2．What does the underlined word “deny” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Disagree. B．Promise. C．Realize. D．Accept. 3．Which can best describe the information from magazines and newspapers? A．True but not enough. B．Correct but not fresh. C．Limited and not always true. D．Not enough and not valuable. 4．What is the advantage of traveling to a foreign country according to Paragraph 3? A．You’ll have a quicker mind by learning more. B．You’ll have a chance to read local newspapers. C．You’ll meet people who are different from you. D．You’ll learn truths that the media don’t provide. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者在文章中提出了一个观点，即仅通过阅读杂志和报纸来了解外国是有局限性的，并阐述了这一观点的原因。接着，作者提出了自己的建议，即最佳的了解外国的方式是亲自去旅行或居住一段时间。 1．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段中“However, I believe that only reading magazines and newspapers as a way of learning about a foreign country has several limitations. (然而，我认为仅仅通过阅读杂志和报纸来了解外国是有一些局限性的。)”和第三段中“I think that the best way to learn about a foreign country is to travel or live there for a while. (我认为了解一个国家最好的方法是去那里旅行或生活一段时间。)”可知，本文主要讨论了了解外国最好的方法是什么，作者认为旅行或在国外生活一段时间是最好的方式，而不是仅仅通过阅读杂志和报纸。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“However, the information that they present is often one­-sided, so that readers can only learn about one opinion on an event happening in a foreign country. (然而，它们提供的信息往往是片面的，因此读者只能了解到一种对发生在国外的事件的看法。)”可知，前后两句构成转折关系，划线句子的句意为：我们不能否认杂志和报纸实际上提供了一些关于国外的有价值的信息。此处deny应意为“否认”。A. Disagree不同意；B. Promise承诺；C. Realize意识到；D. Accept接受。故选A。 3．推理判断题。由第二段中“However, the information that they present is often one­-sided, so that readers can only learn about one opinion on an event happening in a foreign country. Also, the words and pictures in magazines and newspapers may not be true. If a government wants to hide some facts, it may force the media to tell lies to its readers, and thus the information that readers receive may not be true. (然而，它们提供的信息往往是片面的，因此读者只能了解到一种对发生在国外的事件的看法。此外，杂志和报纸上的文字和图片可能不是真的。如果政府想要隐瞒一些事实，它可能会迫使媒体对读者说谎，因此读者收到的信息可能不是真实的。)”可知，杂志和报纸上的信息往往是片面的，并且可能不真实，因此它们提供的信息是有限的且不一定总是真实的。故选C。 4．细节理解题。由第三段“I think that the best way to learn about a foreign country is to travel or live there for a while. By traveling or living in a country, you can see things that do not appear in magazines and newspapers, and learn about the local political situation, state of the economy, and the culture. You can get more information about a country by talking directly with local people about the overall situation, and can truly understand the local culture by living with them for a while. But if you are at home reading a newspaper or magazine, you simply get information provided by others passively (被动地) instead of collecting information directly. (我认为了解一个国家最好的方法是去那里旅行或生活一段时间。通过在一个国家旅行或生活，你可以看到没有出现在杂志和报纸上的事情，并了解当地的政治局势，经济状况和文化。你可以通过与当地人直接交谈来了解一个国家的整体情况，也可以通过与当地人一起生活一段时间来真正了解当地的文化。但是如果你在家里看报纸或杂志，你只是被动地获得别人提供的信息，而不是直接收集信息。)”可知，亲自去国外旅行或生活可以让人直接看到杂志和报纸上没有呈现的事物，了解到更真实的信息，包括当地的政治局势、经济状况和文化等，这是媒体可能没有提供的真相。故选D。 （23-24高一下·广东·期中）In 2013, Harris Academy, a school in south London, stopped its students from using slang (俚语) words, such as ain’t. The move led to an argument over whether it is necessary to control the way students speak. The creation of slang is one way languages change. Slang, or informal language, usually changes more rapidly than standard language. For example, the word groovy, meaning “great,” used to be very popular in the 1960s and 1970s. But by 1980, people had stopped using it. One important reason we use slang is to show others that we belong to a group. Another is to communicate an idea in a more colorful or humorous way. For example, the phrase jump ship creates a stronger image than the more standard leave an organization. While in the Internet age, slang expressions are created faster than ever. Often, Internet slang words are created to make messages faster and easier to type. Some people are strongly against the use of slang. Teachers at Harris Academy were worried that slang would prevent their students from learning how to read, write, and express themselves correctly. They thought this might cause problems for them when they finally went on to apply to universities or companies. However, some people think differently. Linguist (语言学家) Tony Thorne sees slang as a way for speakers of a language to show their creativity and humor. And, unlike what some believe, slang is not a new phenomenon. As Thorne explains, “Slang has not become more popular, simply more public.” In today’s highly connected world, slang has become more noticeable because of better tools to observe language change. Perhaps the worries mentioned above can be solved by making people understand when to use certain forms of language. As long as people use slang correctly, there is no need to completely avoid it. 1．Why did the author mention the example of “groovy”? A．To show why languages change. B．To show slang often changes fast. C．To show the popularity of slang. D．To show how standard language forms. 2．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Why people use slang. B．How people use slang. C．Different types of slang. D．The development of slang. 3．What can we infer from Tony Thorne’s words in Paragraph 5? A．Slang takes time to develop. B．Slang is being accepted by the public. C．Slang is increasingly known to the public. D．More and more people are beginning to use slang. 4．What’s the author’s attitude towards Harris Academy’s decision on slang? A．He disagrees with it. B．He supports it. C．He is confused about it. D．He is uncertain about it. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者针对是否应该禁止使用俚语发表观点。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The creation of slang is one way languages change. Slang, or informal language, usually changes more rapidly than standard language. For example, the word groovy, meaning “great,” used to be very popular in the 1960s and 1970s. But by 1980, people had stopped using it.( 俚语的产生是语言变化的一种方式。俚语，或非正式语言，通常比标准语言变化更快。例如，groovy这个词，意思是“伟大”，在20世纪60年代和70年代曾经非常流行。但到1980年，人们已经不再使用它了) ”可知，第二段中作者阐述了观点：俚语通常比标准语言变化更快，此处举例就时为了说明该观点，故选择B项。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“One important reason we use slang is to show others that we belong to a group. Another is to communicate an idea in a more colorful or humorous way.( 我们使用俚语的一个重要原因是向别人表明我们属于一个群体。另一种是用更丰富多彩或幽默的方式来传达一个想法。) ”可知该段主要列举了认识使用俚语的若干原因，故选择A项。 3．推理判断题。根据五段中“In today’s highly connected world, slang has become more noticeable because of better tools to observe language change.( 在当今高度互联的世界里，俚语变得更加引人注目，因为有了更好的工具来观察语言的变化。)”可知，因为出现较好的观察语言变化的工具，俚语的曝光度增加了，即俚语正为越来越多的大众所知，故选择C项。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“In 2013, Harris Academy, a school in south London, stopped its students from using slang (俚语) words, such as ain’t . The move led to an argument over whether it is necessary to control the way students speak.(2013年，伦敦南部的一所学校哈里斯学院(Harris Academy)禁止学生使用俚语，比如ain’t。此举引发了一场关于是否有必要控制学生说话方式的争论。)”和最后一段中“As long as people use slang correctly, there is no need to completely avoid it.( 只要人们正确使用俚语，就没有必要完全避免。) ”可知，作者对于禁止使用俚语的举措是持反对态度的，故选择A项。 （23-24高一下·云南迪庆·期中）Children should do housework. That’s a controversial (有争议的) idea, though not everyone will admit it. A few parents will say that their children are too busy for housework. Many more of us believe in our children, but the housework just doesn’t get done. That’s a problem. For starters, housework is good for kids. Being a part of the routine work of running a household helps children develop an awareness of the needs of others, while at the same time contributing to their emotional well-being. One small study, done over a period of 25 years, found that the best thing for young adults’ success in their mid-20s was whether they took part in housework at age 3 or 4. Those early shared responsibilities extended to a sense of responsibility in other areas of their lives. But for all that their help matters, few kids are doing much around the house at all. In a survey of 1,000 American adults, 75 percent said they believed regular housework made kids “more responsible”. Yet only 56 percent of those with children said they required them to do housework. Sports and homework are not get-out-of-housework-free cards. The goal, after all, is to raise adults who can balance a caring role in their families and communities with whatever lifetime achievement goals they choose. Housework teaches that balance. What should you do when getting children to do housework? Accept no excuses. Don’t worry if you must repeat yourself again and again. If you’re spending more time getting the child to do this job than it would take to do it yourself, then you’re doing it right. Can a payment help? Maybe. But if you’re trying to teach kids to share the responsibility of a home, paying them for routine housework is not the right message. 1．What can we infer from the first paragraph? A．Very few children get housework done. B．Children are very busy with housework. C．Housework is a must-do for parents. D．Family members should respect each other. 2．What do we know about the small study in paragraph 3? A．Housework helps a man live a happy life. B．A man’s success depends on his housework. C．Housework benefits a sense of responsibility. D．A child must start doing housework at age 3. 3．What does the author advise parents to do in the last paragraph? A．Balance housework and study. B．Help the child do housework positively. C．Do housework by themselves. D．Pay the child for doing housework. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Adults do less housework at home in the US. B．It is important for children to do housework. C．Parents should do housework for their children. D．Children need more time to do sports at home. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要以“孩子要做家务”为话题，通过研究和事例，论证做家务对孩子成长的重要性，鼓励家长督促孩子多参与家务活，培养责任意识。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“A few parents will say that their children are too busy for housework. Many more of us believe in our children, but the housework just doesn’t get done. (一些父母会说，他们的孩子太忙了，没有时间做家务。我们中的许多人相信我们的孩子，但家务就是没有完成。)”可推断，尽管分派了家务活，但是很少有孩子真正去做。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Those early shared responsibilities extended to a sense of responsibility in other areas of their lives. (这些早期共同承担的责任延伸到了他们生活中其他领域的责任感。)”可知，该研究发现做家务活有助于孩子们培养责任意识。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“What should you do when getting children to do housework? Accept no excuses. (当你让孩子做家务时，你应该怎么做？不要接受任何借口。)”可知，作者建议家长给孩子分派家务活时不接受孩子的任何托词，积极帮助孩子做家务。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，第一段首句“Children should do housework. (孩子们应该做家务。)”为该文的核心话题，由此可知，本文主要论述做家务活对孩子成长的重要性，助力孩子的责任意识。故选B。 （23-24高一下·广东惠州·期中）I’ve spent much of my life dealing with written and spoken words. Now I’m a technologist making use of natural language processing for human good. Given that I work in artificial intelligence (AI), I’m realizing something dangerous happening. Machines are ruining the way we communicate. AI voices are normalized and yet cold, no matter which accent (口音) you set your Siri or Amazon Alexa into. It’s difficult to normalize language to be inoffensive because sometimes we do make people feel uncomfortable or even make them annoyed. Yet this is exactly what we’re asking artificial intelligence to do for us on a billion - person scale. Once these rules are carried out by machines, they’re unavoidable and create much bigger issues. We notice that there is an active desire to only include standardized language in AI - powered tools in an attempt to avoid including potentially harmful or offensive language. And these AI-powered tools are exactly what we use to complete our thoughts almost at any given time. They are everywhere — in our emails, word processors, and web pages. The machines are pushing us into a common tongue, and we accept it as a matter of convenience. But what’s the cost? We’re trading uniqueness and accuracy for convenience. We’re also handing the power of acceptable speech to machines not people. In the real world, people don’t communicate like a Wikipedia (维基百科) article. We use tone (语气), humor and facial expressions. We can tell where people were born based on their accents and wording. Humans are truly unique, and our communication is constantly changing. So we should demand AI systems that promote individuality and uniqueness. We should demand to know how AI is developed and the data used to build it. Because we all deserve this. 1．What is the function of paragraph 1? A．To illustrate the function of communication. B．To introduce the impact of AI on language. C．To share the author’s working experience. D．To stress the importance of AI on language processing. 2．What does the underlined word “inoffensive” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Hateful B．Valuable C．Harmless D．Beneficial 3．How can we promote AI voice? A．AI voice should be legalized. B．AI voice should be modernized. C．AI voice should be standardized. D．AI voice should be personalized. 4．What’s the author’s tone in the passage? A．Praising. B．Humorous. C．Concerned. D．Objective. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人工智能中语音处理技术的使用对人们沟通方式的影响。作者指出，AI语音的标准化和冷漠化正在破坏人们的沟通方式，并且我们正在将可接受的言语权力交给机器而非人类。文章呼吁人们应该要求AI系统促进个性和独特性，并要求了解AI是如何开发和使用的，因为我们都有这个权利。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“I’ve spent much of my life dealing with written and spoken words. Now I’m a technologist making use of natural language processing for human good. Given that I work in artificial intelligence (AI), I’m realizing something dangerous happening. Machines are ruining the way we communicate.(我一生中大部分时间都在与书面和口头文字打交道。现在我是一名利用自然语言处理为人类造福的技术专家。鉴于我在人工智能(AI)领域工作，我意识到一些危险的事情正在发生。机器正在破坏我们的交流方式)”可知，作者先分享了自己在处理书面和口头文字方面的个人背景，以及作为自然语言处理技术专家的当前角色。然后，在段尾用“Machines are ruining the way we communicate.”一句将话题转移到他观察到的人工智会影响人类交流这一危险趋势上。由此推知，第一段是用于引出人工智能对语言的影响这一话题。故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“It’s difficult to normalize language to be inoffensive because sometimes we do make people feel uncomfortable or even make them annoyed.(很难将语言规范为inoffensive，因为有时我们确实会让人感到不舒服，甚至让他们生气)”中because可知，前后文有因果关系。因为我们的语言有时确实会让人们不舒服、甚至生气，所以很难规范它们，让它们“不会引起不快”。划线词与harmless同义，意为“无害的；不会引起不快的”。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“In the real world, people don’t communicate like a Wikipedia (维基百科) article. We use tone (语气), humor and facial expressions. We can tell where people were born based on their accents and wording. Humans are truly unique, and our communication is constantly changing. So we should demand AI systems that promote individuality and uniqueness.(在现实世界中，人们不像维基百科文章那样交流。我们使用语气、幽默和面部表情。我们可以根据一个人的口音和措辞来判断他出生在哪里。人类确实是独一无二的，我们的交流方式也在不断变化。因此，我们应该要求人工智能系统促进个性和独特性)”可知，我们应该推进人工智能语音的个性化。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Given that I work in artificial intelligence (AI), I’m realizing something dangerous happening. Machines are ruining the way we communicate.(鉴于我在人工智能领域工作，我意识到一些危险的事情正在发生。机器正在破坏我们的交流方式)”、第三段“We’re trading uniqueness and accuracy for convenience. We’re also handing the power of acceptable speech to machines not people.(我们用独特性和准确性来换取便利性。我们还把可接受的语言的权力交给了机器，而不是人)”和最后一段“So we should demand AI systems that promote individuality and uniqueness. We should demand to know how AI is developed and the data used to build it. Because we all deserve this.(因此，我们应该要求人工智能系统促进个性和独特性。我们应该要求知道人工智能是如何开发的，以及用于构建人工智能的数据。因为这是我们应得的)”可推知，作者认为人工智能正在破坏我们的交流方式，让人类语言丧失了独特性和准确性，表达了对人工智能语音的担忧。故选C项。 （23-24高一下·云南保山·期中）Have you ever heard of the Northward Family, a herd of Asian elephants that made their journey in Yunnan? They were a bit naughty for they invaded villagers’ fields. Scientists who took part in scientific research and conservation have also used unmanned aerial vehicles (无人机) and other advanced means to carry out monitoring and early warning of the herd’s arrival. The government also made fences around villagers’ houses, which make effective protection of elephants from humans, making sure the safety of humans and elephants. In addition, safety signs, warning signs and solar-powered street lights have been fixed along the roads where the herd may appear, to remind passers-by to be careful. The government has also set up a “canteen” for the elephants, providing them with food such as banana, corn and so on. Is this amazing “migration” just a journey or a “survival revolution” in search of a new home? A lot of friends who care about the Northward Family are wondering: Is elephants’ migration related to the destruction of their living environment? Only time will tell. What do humans think of the elephant’s journey? On the one hand, it is no accident. We humans can help elephants by respecting their activities. It is within our power to respect science, follow the advice of experts, guide and urge our friends and children to keep their distance. If elephants really become our “neighbors”, how to deal with the “neighborly relations” will certainly become a problem we have to face. On the other hand, the elephant’s journey has shown China’s achievements in protecting its natural environment and wildlife in recent decades. There is no doubt that the normal rotation of the earth cannot depend on the human species alone. The preservation of biodiversity is the “secret” of the earth’s ecological sustainability. When nature becomes something that animals and plants desire, humans will live a wonderful life too. 1．Why was the Northern Family described naughty? A．They destroyed the scientific research. B．They walked into fields of the village. C．They ate a lot of bananas on the way. D．They escaped from where they lived. 2．What did the government do for the herd of elephants? A．They fed the herd with food that is proper. B．They paid attention to the elephants’ movement. C．They removed the fences around villagers’ houses. D．They blocked the roads where the herd might appear. 3．Why did the elephant herd start traveling? A．They loved traveling. B．They were searching for food. C．Their purpose was still unknown. D．Their living habitat was destroyed. 4．What can we learn from elephant’s journey? A．Keeping away from elephants is necessary. B．Protecting elephants is our impossible mission. C．Dealing with elephant’s journey is beyond human’s ability. D．Great efforts have been made in protecting wildlife in China. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要是通过迁徙的象群引发读者去思考大象是旅行还是自我拯救。 1．细节理解题。根据首段中的“They were a bit naughty for they invaded villagers’ fields.(他们有点顽皮，因为他们侵入了村民的田地。)”可知，象群入侵了村民们的田地，所以说他们有点顽皮。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The government has also set up a ‘canteen’ for the elephants, providing them with food such as banana, corn and so on.(政府还为大象设立了一个“食堂”，为它们提供香蕉、玉米等食物。)”可知，政府还为大象设立了一个“食堂”，为它们提供香蕉、玉米等食物，由此可知，政府用适当的食物喂养象群。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Is elephants’ migration related to the destruction of their living environment? Only time will tell.(大象的迁徙与它们生存环境的破坏有关吗?只有时间会告诉我们答案。)”推测出，大象的迁徙是否与生存环境的破坏有关还没有答案，由此可知，大象迁徙的目的是什么还不知道。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据尾段中的“On the other hand, the elephant’s journey has shown China’s achievements in protecting its natural environment and wildlife in recent decades.(另一方面，大象的旅程显示了中国近几十年来在保护自然环境和野生动物方面取得的成就。)”可知，大象的旅程表明了中国在保护自然环境和野生动物方面取得的成就，由此可知，中国在保护野生动物方面做出了巨大的努力。故选D项。 重难语篇拔高练 （23-24高一下·四川成都·期中）“Lonely” is defined in the dictionary as “unhappy because you are alone or do not have anyone to talk to” . However, in my opinion, “being alone” can also be meaningful and enjoyable. In other words, “being alone” isn’t equal to “loneliness”. Actually, we can literally enjoy our time when staying alone. Think of loneliness as a time when we don’t have a group of friends around to keep us company, when we are away from the hustle and bustle (熙熙攘攘) of the outside world; when we get the chance to tune in to our inner world; when we are given the time to focus entirely on ourselves. It is during these periods that, without being disturbed and distracted, we are able to discover the things we truly want from our lives. This process is like digging a tunnel, through which we improve ourselves, achieve our goals and get the power to prepare for the difficulty or darkness we may meet with in our future lives. A famous figure skater (花滑冰运动员) once said in his interview that he often felt lonely, but the outside environment would to some extent affect his mind and body, making it difficult for him to concentrate during his practice and performance, and thus he was actually willing to be alone and at times would rather be isolated from the world. This type of “loneliness” must be one of the reasons why he has been able to deliver so many wonderful performances throughout his career. So don’t be frightened by the temporary emptiness or unhappy feeling when you have to be alone. Instead, cherish and enjoy the sense of loneliness you get when you are completely free. Spend time with yourself. We become more independent in loneliness. We grow stronger in loneliness. Most importantly, we find our complete selves in loneliness. 1．What’s the author’s opinion about “being alone”? A．There is no point in being alone. B．Being alone is as something shameful C．Being alone means being lonely and helpless. D．We appreciate our time more when we are alone. 2．How does the author develop Paragraph 2? A．By listing figures. B．By making comparisons. C．By analyzing causes. D．By providing examples. 3．Why is the figure skater mentioned in the passage? A．To show athletes always feel lonely. B．To describe the factor of the success. C．To confirm the positive effect of “loneliness”. D．To indicate loneliness is as important as practice. 4．What is the author’s purpose for writing this passage? A．To illustrate different opinions on staying alone. B．To persuade people into staying away from others. C．To offer some suggestions on how to spend time alone. D．To encourage people to value and enjoy their time of loneliness. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章谈论了“孤独”给人们带来的好处，鼓励人们学会珍惜和享受孤独的时光。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“ However, in my opinion, “being alone” can also be meaningful and enjoyable. In other words, “being alone” isn’t equal to “loneliness”. Actually, we can literally enjoy our time when staying alone.(然而，在我看来，“独处”也可以是有意义的和愉快的。换句话说，“独处”并不等于“孤独”。事实上，我们可以真正享受独处的时光)”可知，作者认为我们应该更珍惜独处的时光。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Think of loneliness as a time when we don’t have a group of friends around to keep us company, when we are away from the hustle and bustle (熙熙攘攘) of the outside world; when we get the chance to tune in to our inner world; when we are given the time to focus entirely on ourselves. (把孤独想象成没有一群朋友陪伴的时候，当我们远离喧嚣的外部世界的时候；当我们有机会进入自己的内心世界时；当我们有时间完全关注自己的时候)”和“This process is like digging a tunnel, through which we improve ourselves, achieve our goals and get the power to prepare for the difficulty or darkness we may meet with in our future lives.(这个过程就像挖掘一条隧道，通过它我们提高自己，实现我们的目标，并获得力量，为我们未来生活中可能遇到的困难或黑暗做好准备)”可知，作者是通过把孤独比作时间展开的。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“A famous figure skater (花滑冰运动员) once said in his interview that he often felt lonely, but the outside environment would to some extent affect his mind and body, making it difficult for him to concentrate during his practice and performance, and thus he was actually willing to be alone and at times would rather be isolated from the world. This type of “loneliness” must be one of the reasons why he has been able to deliver so many wonderful performances throughout his career. (一位著名的花样滑冰运动员曾在接受采访时表示，他经常感到孤独，但外界环境会在一定程度上影响他的身心，使他在练习和表演时难以集中精力，因此他其实是愿意独处的，有时甚至宁愿与外界隔绝。这种“孤独”一定是他在整个职业生涯中能够提供如此多精心制作和精彩表演的原因之一)”可推知，文章中提到著名的花样滑冰运动员是为了确认“孤独”的积极作用。故选C。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段中“So don’t be frightened by the temporary emptiness or unhappy feeling when you have to be alone. Instead, cherish and enjoy the sense of loneliness you get when you are completely free. Spend time with yourself. We become more independent in loneliness. We grow stronger in loneliness. Most importantly, we find our complete selves in loneliness.(所以，当你不得不独自一人时，不要被暂时的空虚或不快乐的感觉所吓倒。相反，珍惜和享受你完全自由时的孤独感。花时间和自己在一起。我们在孤独中变得更加独立。我们在孤独中变得更坚强。最重要的是，我们在孤独中找到完整的自我)”可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是鼓励人们学会珍惜和享受孤独的时光。故选D。 （23-24高一下·辽宁沈阳·期中）In one horrible film plot, AI eventually outsmarts humans and takes over computers and factories. In another, large language models (LLMs) of the sort that power generative AI like ChatGPT give bad guys the know — how to create destructive cyberweapons. It is time to think hard about these film plots, not because they have become more probable but because policymakers around the world are considering measures to guard against them. The idea that AI could drive humans to extinction is speculative — no one yet knows how such a threat might materialise and no common methods exist for determining what counts as risky. Plenty of research needs to be done before standards and rules can be set. Governments cannot ignore a technology that could change the world deeply. Regulators have been too slow in the past, but there is danger, too, in acting hurriedly. If they go too fast, policymakers could create global rules that are aimed at the wrong problems and are ineffective against the real ones. Because of the computing resources and technical skills required, only a handful of companies have so far developed powerful “frontier” models. New hurried regulations could easily block out competitors to the “handful of companies”, especially because these companies are working closely with governments on writing the rule book. A focus on extreme risks is likely to make regulators careful of open-source models, which are freely available and can easily be revised. The best that governments can do now is to set up the basic systems to study the technology and its potential risks, and ensure that those working on the problem have enough resources. As AI develops further, regulators will have a far better idea of what risks they are guarding against, and consequently what the rule book should look like. A fully mature body could eventually take shape. But creating it will take time and reflection. 1．What does the first paragraph function as? A．An argument. B．An explanation. C．A lead-in. D．A comment. 2．What does the author think of AI driving humans to extinction? A．He believes it is a realistic possibility. B．He considers it fictional and unworthy for policymakers to pay attention to. C．He views it as an uncertain threat that needs more research. D．He perceives it as a seemingly reasonable situation that requires serious consideration. 3．What is the harm of regulators’ going too fast on the AI issue? A．Competition in this area is prevented. B．The development of AI is restricted. C．AI will be applied to a limited degree. D．The public will be misled about danger. 4．Which can be the best title of the text? A．AI: a Real Threat? B．Don’t Rush into Policing AI C．AI: Humans’ Friend or Enemy? D．Time for Government to Regulate AI 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是议论文，主要讲的是世界各地的政策制定者正在考虑采取措施来防范人工智能发展太快，但是监管机构在人工智能问题上走得太快是会带来一些坏处的。 1．推理判断题。第一段“In one horrible film plot, AI eventually outsmarts humans and takes over computers and factories. In another, large language models (LLMs) of the sort that power generative AI like ChatGPT give bad guys the know — how to create destructive cyberweapons.(在一部恐怖的电影情节中，人工智能最终战胜了人类，接管了电脑和工厂。在另一种情况下，为ChatGPT等生成式人工智能提供动力的大型语言模型(LLMs)为坏人提供了制造破坏性网络武器的技术。)”提到了两个电影情节中人工智能的行为，第二段“It is time to think hard about these film plots, not because they have become more probable but because policymakers around the world are considering measures to guard against them.(现在是认真思考这些电影情节的时候了，不是因为它们变得更有可能发生，而是因为世界各地的政策制定者正在考虑采取措施防范它们。)”说到世界各地的政策制定者正在考虑采取措施防范它们，故第一段的作用就是充当引子，引出主题——针对可能会出现的问题，世界各地的政策制定者正在考虑采取措施防范人工智能。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The idea that AI could drive humans to extinction is speculative—no one yet knows how such a threat might materialise and no common methods exist for determining what counts as risky. Plenty of research needs to be done before standards and rules can be set.(人工智能可能导致人类灭绝的想法是推测性的——没有人知道这种威胁如何实现，也没有通用的方法来确定什么是危险的。在制定标准和规则之前，需要进行大量的研究。)”可知，作者认为人工智能可能导致人类灭绝的想法是推测性的，需要不断研究探索。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“If they go too fast, policymakers could create global rules that are aimed at the wrong problems and are ineffective against the real ones.(如果它们走得太快，政策制定者可能会制定针对错误问题的全球规则，而对真正的问题则无效。)”和第四段“Because of the computing resources and technical skills required, only a handful of companies have so far developed powerful “frontier” models. New hurried regulations could easily block out competitors to the “handful of companies”, especially because these companies are working closely with governments on writing the rule book. (由于需要计算资源和技术技能，迄今为止只有少数公司开发了强大的“前沿”模型。匆忙出台的新法规很容易将“少数公司”的竞争对手拒之门外，尤其是因为这些公司正与政府密切合作制定规则。)”可知，监管机构在人工智能问题上走得太快的坏处是这一领域的竞争受到阻碍。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第三段“If they go too fast, policymakers could create global rules that are aimed at the wrong problems and are ineffective against the real ones.(如果它们走得太快，政策制定者可能会制定针对错误问题的全球规则，而对真正的问题则无效。)”，第四段“Because of the computing resources and technical skills required, only a handful of companies have so far developed powerful “frontier” models. New hurried regulations could easily block out competitors to the “handful of companies”, especially because these companies are working closely with governments on writing the rule book. (由于需要计算资源和技术技能，迄今为止只有少数公司开发了强大的“前沿”模型。匆忙出台的新法规很容易将“少数公司”的竞争对手拒之门外，尤其是因为这些公司正与政府密切合作制定规则。)”和最后一段“As AI develops further, regulators will have a far better idea of what risks they are guarding against, and consequently what the rule book should look like. A fully mature body could eventually take shape. But creating it will take time and reflection. (随着人工智能的进一步发展，监管机构将对自己要防范的风险有更好的了解，从而知道规则手册应该是什么样子。一个完全成熟的身体最终会成形。但创造它需要时间和思考。)”可知，本文主要讲的是世界各地的政策制定者正在考虑采取措施来防范人工智能发展太快，但是监管机构在人工智能问题上走得太快是会带来一些坏处的，因此B项“Don’t Rush into Policing AI(不要急于监管人工智能)”作文章标题最合适。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 期中复习之议论文15篇 (各地市期中真题) 基础语篇巩固练 （23-24高一下·广东中山·期中）As we continue to explore farther out into our solar system and beyond, the question of humans living on other planets often comes up. Manned bases on the Moon or Mars for example, have long been a dream of many. There is a natural desire to explore as far as we can go, and also to extend humanity’s presence on a permanent or at least semi-permanent basis. In order to do this, however, it is necessary to adapt to different extreme environments. On the Moon for example, a colony must be self-sustaining and protect its inhabitants from the airless, harsh environment outside. Mars, though, is different. While future bases could adapt to the Martian environment over time there is also the possibility of modifying the surrounding environment instead of just co-existing with it. This is the process of terraforming-adjusting Mars’ atmosphere and environment to make it more Earth-like. But the bigger question is, should we? One of the main issues is whether Mars has any native life or not and if it does, should it be preserved as much as possible? If the answer is yes, then large-scale human settlements on Mars should be completely off-limits. Small colonics might be fine, but living on Mars should not be at the expense of any native habitats, if they exist. If Mars is home to any indigenous life, then terraforming should be a non-issue; it simply should not be done. What if Mars is lifeless? Even if no life exists there, that untouched and unique alien environment needs to be preserved as it is as much as possible. We’ve already done too much damage here on our own planet. By studying Mars and other planets and moons in their current natural state, we can learn so much about their history and also learn more about our own world. We should appreciate the differences of other worlds instead of just transforming them to suit our own ambitions. 1．What is the best title for the text? A．Is there life on Mars? B．Can we adapt to Mars? C．Should we terraform Mars? D．Are Mars and Earth So Different? 2．What does the author think we should do if life is found on Mars? A．Ensure that it’s not harmed. B．Negotiate with the Martians. C．Change the unpopulated regions. D．Assess the advantages and disadvantages. 3．What does the underlined word “indigenous” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Complex. B．Native. C．Foreign. D．Intelligent. 4．How does the author develop his ideas in the text? A．By referring to others’ research. B．By evaluating different planets. C．By justifying the benefits of terraforming. D．By arguing in support of one viewpoint. （23-24高一下·陕西渭南·期中）Many people prefer to have a bottle of water with them wherever they go, and most typically they use disposable (一次性的) plastic bottles for this purpose. Despite the convenience of this approach, it’s worth considering a move away from bottled water. Plastic water bottles greatly contribute to the environmental crises that we’re currently facing. Of course plastic can be recycled, but only a small portion of waste is processed properly and reused again. Most of the plastic packaging ends up either in the landfills or in the oceans. While our world’s oceans are faced with 8.8 million tons of new plastic material every year, we must admit that plastic water bottles share part of the blame for this problem. By using disposable water bottles on a regular basis, consumers create continued financial motivation for the water companies to keep producing huge amounts of waste, while it’s nearly impossible to monitor how the bottles are manufactured and which percentage is made of recycled plastic. Many brands advertise a variety of beneficial effects, but in reality bottled water passes through an industrial facility and may be polluted in quite a few ways. On the other hand, the impact of water impurities (杂质) can directly lead to serious health problems if such water is consumed over a long period. Some of the water impurities may be of chemical nature, like chlorine or calcium, and they can damage the skin. In rare cases it’s possible to trace amounts of highly poisonous materials in the bottled water products, which apparently results in dangerous results. That’s why it’s highly recommended to use both your own portable water bottle on the road as well as a water purification device at home to ensure that the water you are drinking daily is completely free of anything that could harm your health. Now that you’re aware of how bottled water s pretty harmful not only to humans but also to wildlife and environment, are you ready to say good bye to it? 1．How does the author feel when it comes to plastic water bottles? A．These bottles have caught most people’s attention. B．They have created great convenience to our life. C．They should have been recycled to great extent. D．They have caused terrible impact on the earth. 2．What can we infer according to the third paragraph? A．The water companies are seeking for high profits. B．You should be cautious when deciding on bottled water. C．The bottles are made from non- recycled plastic. D．You should choose the famous brands of bottled water. 3．What is likely to make the consumers worried? A．Water in the bottles kept for a long time. B．The bottles made of different materials. C．The bottled water with a lot of impurities. D．The complex procedure of producing bottles. 4．Which of the following can sum up the passage? A．Why You Need to Break Your Bottled Water Habit? B．How the Plastic Bottled Water Is Actually Produced? C．Why Most People Have a Preference for Bottled Water? D．How Plastic Bottles Create Influence to Environment? （23-24高一下·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中）There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist. Knowing a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the rich ness of a whole, well-lived life. Society pushes us to specialize, to become experts. This requires commitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is that we often come to know more and more about less and less. There is a great deal of pressure to master one’s field. You may pursue training, degrees, or increasing levels of responsibility at work. Then you discover the pressure of having to keep up. Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty. But such commitment can also weaken their sense of freedom. These specialists could work at the office until ten each night, then look back and realize they would have loved to have gone home and enjoyed the sweetness of their family and friends, or traveled to exciting places, meeting interesting people. Mastering one thing to the exclusion of others can hold back your true spirit. Generalists, on the other hand, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its connections. They are people of ability, talent, and enthusiasm who can bring their broad perspective (视角) into specific fields of expertise (专长). The doctor who is also a poet and Philosopher, is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills. Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are. My editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy. “I don’t know where it will lead, but I’m excited I’m on this pursuit.” These expansions into new worlds help us by giving us new perspectives. We begin to see the interconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe. Develop broad, general knowledge and experience. The universe is all yours to explore and enjoy. 1．To become a specialist, you may have to ________. A．narrow your range of knowledge B．get pushed by the surroundings C．know a lot more about society D．broaden your perspective on life 2．According to the author, a superior doctor is one who ________. A．is a pure specialist in medicine B．is gifted in poetry and philosophy C．is fully aware of his talent and ability D．brings knowledge of other fields to work 3．What does the author intend to show with the example of Toni? A．Chinese culture is appealing to people worldwide. B．One passion alone is not enough to ensure success. C．In-depth exploration can make discoveries possible. D．Seemingly unrelated interests are in a way connected. 4．What does the author suggest we do? A．Decide to be specialist or generalist B．Be more of a generalist than a specialist C．Find ways to become a specialist D．Focus on mastering one field. （23-24高一下·辽宁·期中）In 1240, the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II built Castel del Monte on a lonely hill in central Puglia, where he had a perfect view of approaching enemies. He probably never imagined the enemies might be tourists one day. But these days, the old castle has been polished clean, and hundreds of multicolored Pullman buses snake up the winding roads to its grounds, now filled with T-shirt stands, Coca-Cola signs and a 200-car parking lot. All this thanks to the fact that UNESCO has designated (认定) it a World Heritage Site in 1996. Officially, UNESCO honors places that exemplify an area’s ancestry, with the purpose of ensuring they are preserved. Unofficially, this designation is a kind of fairy dust that often turns little-known cultural sites into overnight tourist sensations. This is both a gift and a cuss. Lisa Mastny, senior adviser to the World Watch Institute, says tourism is double-edged for places considered of “outstanding value to humanity. It offers many poor communities the chance to obtain financial rewards, but also threatens the very resources —human and natural—upon which the industry is ultimately built”. There is growing awareness that assigning UNESCO designation is worthless — or worse, harmful — without some kind of follow-up preservation program. “In the early days there wasn’t much attention given to what would happen once these site s became World Heritage. But that’s changing slowly,” says Joseph King, director of the sites unit at the International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (ICCROM). In Africa, a 12-year training program is currently underway to teach locals not only how to preserve their immovable cultural heritage, but how to use it for economic development. In Eastern Europe, where tourism is a relatively new thing, cities are looking for help in figuring out where to draw the line between preserving historical centers and promoting urban development. 1．What can we learn about Castel del Monte? A．It was built to enjoy the view. B．It has become a hot tourist spot. C．It has to make way for a shopping mall. D．It failed to win UNESCO designation in 1996. 2．Which word is closest in meaning to the underlined word “cuss” in paragraph 2? A．Solution. B．Promise. C．Drawback. D．Chance. 3．How does the author support King’s words in the last paragraph? A．By quoting experts. B．By analyzing cause and effect. C．By giving examples. D．By making comparisons. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Is UNESCO Helpful in Driving Global Tourism? B．How Can a Place Be Included in the UNESCO List? C．Why Is It Important to Market World Heritage Site Tours? D．Does Identifying World Heritage Sites Do More Harm Than Good? （23-24高一下·北京通州·期中）As warm blood spattered all over us, I screamed… actually it was water, but that didn’t stop me being so scared that my heart was nearly beating out of my chest. My friend had persuaded me onto the Hotel Psycho ride at the Prater Amusement Park, I’m unwilling to experience any fear, but I decided to do it anyway. I came off the ride shaking but excited. Apparently Eleanor Roosevelt didn’t actually say “do one thing that scares you every day”, as is often thought, but nevertheless it’s a great rule to follow. You don’t need to go on a fairground ride or jump out of a plane, but it is a good idea to push yourself out of your comfort zone regularly. The human brain, particularly the amygdale (杏仁核), is designed to keep you safe. This sounds like a good thing, and obviously, sometimes it is. However, the fact that the amygdala is always on the lookout for danger means that it will prioritize protecting you over almost anything else: learning something new, experiencing something amazing, getting a great opportunity and meeting other people. The amygdala would really just like you to stay put in a nice safe dark cave. The more you listen to its urgings to avoid all risks, the narrower and darker your life will become. There is plenty of evidence that the most effective way to deal with our fears and anxieties is exposing ourselves to what we fear. You can start off with small steps, but the more you confront (面对) your fears, the smaller they become: whereas the more you allow your fears to prevent you from doing things, the bigger those fears seem to be. For this reason, it is important to stretch yourself and keep all those possibilities open. You need to take risks and do things that petrify you, so that you know just what you’re capable of. Sometimes those risks won’t work out, but that’s fine, as long as you can learn from the experience, and get ready for the next adventure. 1．How does the author introduce the topic of the text? A．By giving a definition. B．By telling a horrible story. C．By quoting from a classic book. D．By describing his own experience. 2．What can be learned about the amygdala? A．It stops people from trying things out. B．It functions well in a dark environment. C．It introduces some risk-taking activities. D．It highlights people’s demand for learning. 3．What does the author tell us about our fears in Paragraph 4? A．They could be hard to overcome. B．They should be addressed effectively. C．They would be necessary for survival. D．They might be regular visitors to our life. 4．What does the underlined word “petrify” in the last paragraph mean? A．Inspire. B．Scare. C．Comfort. D．Anger. （23-24高一下·山西·期中）We’ve all heard “use your time wisely” at least once in our lives. But what does that mean? How can we use our time “wisely”? In an increasingly urbanizing world, we are getting more and more busy. Thus, things we do to relax, like reading a book, or going out with friends are becoming more rare. There have been many studies that indicate how relaxation and going out with friends can improve your mental and physical health. Being able to take part in an enjoyable hobby or spend time with someone you enjoy being around can help release “feel good” hormones (激素) that can ease some stress in your daily life. But of course, sometimes when I find myself enjoying a book, playing a video game, or surfing the Internet, I get this awful feeling immediately after that I could have used that time to do something productive like taking textbook notes or finishing homework. However, even if it isn’t obvious, doing those little things prevents us from burning out too fast. It creates positive memories in your mind that will hopefully get you through a tough time. You need to “waste time” in order to be productive later on. That’s what the popular idea of a work-life balance tells us, which claims that we should have a balance between spending time on jobs or studying and the time spent with family, friends, and pursuing hobbies and interests. According to this model, you should be doing things you enjoy so that you can keep the balance. We can use our time “wisely” by doing things that help us finish our degree or getting accepted into that one job, but we can also use our time “wisely” by taking some time to do what we love. There is no such thing as “wasting time” when it benefits you in the long run. The “work-life balance” that everyone talks about is important in this regard and we should all learn how to maintain that healthily. 1．How many kinds of relaxation are mentioned in Paragraph 1? A．Five. B．Four. C．Three. D．Two. 2．Why does the author feel terrible after relaxation? A．Guilt arises from doing less fruitful things. B．Balance between tasks and rests is broken. C．Too little time is wasted on relaxing activities. D．Relaxation will be replaced by busy days soon. 3．Which of the following is the benefit of “wasting time” according to Paragraph 4? A．Keeping us in high spirits all the time. B．Improving our efficiency and brainpower. C．Keeping the balance between work and life. D．Enabling us to handle troubles in a wise way. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．On Wasting Time B．On Using Time Wisely C．On Relaxation D．On Work-life Balance （23-24高一下·天津河东·期中）Thomas, 13, and his friends Mark and Josh had a fantastic idea. Why not play a game of football ... on a trampoline（蹦床）? At first, it was great fun. Then Mark stumbled（绊倒）, landing directly on Thomas’s leg. Thomas howled in pain. Even if you’ve never been injured on a trampoline, chances are you know someone who has. There were nearly 95,000 trampoline-related injuries, in 2012 alone. These injuries are such an enormous problem that the American Academy of Pediatrics （AAP）, a group of doctors who specialize in treating children and adolescents, said in a 2012 study that trampolines should never be used at home or on playgrounds. Never. “This is not a toy. It’s a piece of equipment,” says Dr. Michele LaBotz, an author of the AAPstudy. Indeed, when trampolines were invented in the 1930s, they were intended for use by professional acrobats（杂技演员）. Over time, trampolines caught on with the public, and now 900,000 are sold each year, most of them for recreational use. Part of trampolines’ appeal is that despite the risks, they provide good exercise. You get a heart-pumping aerobic（有氧的） workout, like you do when running or dancing. And young people need all the exercise they can get. Still, trampolines can be dangerous — and not just for kids who fall off. Kids are also getting hurt on the springs and when they strike against each other. Serious injuries to the head and neck have been reported. One out of every 200 trampoline injuries leads to permanent brain damage. Bouncing on a trampoline is clearly risky. But then, every athletic activity involves risk. Kids fall off bikes and skateboards all the time. As with any sport, kids on a trampoline can protect themselves. For instance: Never allow more than one person on a trampoline at a time. （About 75 percent of injuries result from having multiple jumpers at once.） And always have adult supervision. 1．According to the 2012 study by the AAP, ________. A．kids can protect themselves on a trampoline B．trampolines shouldn’t be used for entertainment C．trampolines are more popular among young kids D．kids shouldn’t trampoline without adult supervision 2．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 6 mean? A．Trampolines were used to train the public. B．People realized the danger of trampolining. C．Trampolines became popular among the public. D．People worried about kids playing on trampolines. 3．What’s the author’s attitude towards trampolining? A．Uncertain. B．Unconcerned. C．Opposed. D．Objective. 4．The text is mainly about ________. A．the history of trampolines B．why kids shouldn’t trampoline C．the advantages of trampolining D．whether kids should trampoline （23-24高一下·江西萍乡·期中）Do you know of anyone who uses the truth to deceive (欺骗)? When someone tells you something that is true, but leaves out important information that should be included, he can give you a false picture. For example, some might say, “I just won a hundred dollars on the lottery. It was great. I took that dollar ticket back to the store and turned it in for one hundred dollars!” This guy’s a winner, right? Maybe, maybe not. We then discover that he bought $200 worth of tickets, and only one was a winner. He’s really a big loser! He didn’t say anything that was false, but he left out important information on purpose. That’s called a half-truth. Half-truths are not technically lies, but they are just as dishonest. Some politicians often use this trick. Let’s say that during Governor Smith’s last term, her state lost one million jobs and gained three million jobs. Then she seeks another term. One of her opponents says, “During Governor Smith’s term, the state lost one million jobs!” That’s true. However, an honest statement would have been, “During Governor Smith’s term, the state had a net gain of two million jobs.” Advertisers will sometimes use half-truths. It’s against the law to make false statements so they try to mislead you with the truth. An advertisement might say, “Nine out of ten doctors advised their patients to take Yucky Pills to cure toothache.” It fails to mention that they only asked ten doctors and nine of them work for the Yucky Company. This kind of deception happens too often. It’s a sad fact of life: Lies are lies, and sometimes the truth can lie as well. 1．How much did the lottery winner lose? A．One hundred dollars.B．Two hundred dollars.C．Three hundred dollars. D．Four hundred dollars. 2．What do the underlined words “net gain” in paragraph 2mean? A．Large share. B．Final increase. C．Big advantage. D．Total saving. 3．We may infer that the author believes people should __________. A．buy lottery tickets B．make use of half-truths C．not trust the Yucky Company D．don’t take anything at face value 4．What can we know from the example of the Yucky Pills advertisement? A．False statements are easy to see through. B．Half-truths are often used to mislead people. C．Doctors like to act in advertisements. D．Advertisements are based on facts. （23-24高一下·海南·期中）With the increasing development of technology, we now have the ability to get much information from foreign media sources (媒体资源). Because we can learn much about events happening in other countries from the media, such as magazines and newspapers, many people may think that reading magazines and newspapers is the best way to learn about a foreign country. However, I believe that only reading magazines and newspapers as a way of learning about a foreign country has several limitations. We cannot deny that magazines and newspapers actually present some valuable information about foreign countries. However, the information that they present is often one­-sided, so that readers can only learn about one opinion on an event happening in a foreign country. Also, the words and pictures in magazines and newspapers may not be true. If a government wants to hide some facts, it may force the media to tell lies to its readers, and thus the information that readers receive may not be true. I think that the best way to learn about a foreign country is to travel or live there for a while. By traveling or living in a country, you can see things that do not appear in magazines and newspapers, and learn about the local political situation, state of the economy, and the culture. You can get more information about a country by talking directly with local people about the overall situation, and can truly understand the local culture by living with them for a while. But if you are at home reading a newspaper or magazine, you simply get information provided by others passively (被动地) instead of collecting information directly. So, I believe that the best way to learn about a foreign country is not by reading magazines and newspapers but by placing yourself in that foreign country. 1．What does the text mainly discuss? A．How people get information in no time. B．Where people can get information they need. C．Why it’s important to learn about a foreign country. D．What the best way to learn about a foreign country is. 2．What does the underlined word “deny” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Disagree. B．Promise. C．Realize. D．Accept. 3．Which can best describe the information from magazines and newspapers? A．True but not enough. B．Correct but not fresh. C．Limited and not always true. D．Not enough and not valuable. 4．What is the advantage of traveling to a foreign country according to Paragraph 3? A．You’ll have a quicker mind by learning more. B．You’ll have a chance to read local newspapers. C．You’ll meet people who are different from you. D．You’ll learn truths that the media don’t provide. （23-24高一下·广东·期中）In 2013, Harris Academy, a school in south London, stopped its students from using slang (俚语) words, such as ain’t. The move led to an argument over whether it is necessary to control the way students speak. The creation of slang is one way languages change. Slang, or informal language, usually changes more rapidly than standard language. For example, the word groovy, meaning “great,” used to be very popular in the 1960s and 1970s. But by 1980, people had stopped using it. One important reason we use slang is to show others that we belong to a group. Another is to communicate an idea in a more colorful or humorous way. For example, the phrase jump ship creates a stronger image than the more standard leave an organization. While in the Internet age, slang expressions are created faster than ever. Often, Internet slang words are created to make messages faster and easier to type. Some people are strongly against the use of slang. Teachers at Harris Academy were worried that slang would prevent their students from learning how to read, write, and express themselves correctly. They thought this might cause problems for them when they finally went on to apply to universities or companies. However, some people think differently. Linguist (语言学家) Tony Thorne sees slang as a way for speakers of a language to show their creativity and humor. And, unlike what some believe, slang is not a new phenomenon. As Thorne explains, “Slang has not become more popular, simply more public.” In today’s highly connected world, slang has become more noticeable because of better tools to observe language change. Perhaps the worries mentioned above can be solved by making people understand when to use certain forms of language. As long as people use slang correctly, there is no need to completely avoid it. 1．Why did the author mention the example of “groovy”? A．To show why languages change. B．To show slang often changes fast. C．To show the popularity of slang. D．To show how standard language forms. 2．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Why people use slang. B．How people use slang. C．Different types of slang. D．The development of slang. 3．What can we infer from Tony Thorne’s words in Paragraph 5? A．Slang takes time to develop. B．Slang is being accepted by the public. C．Slang is increasingly known to the public. D．More and more people are beginning to use slang. 4．What’s the author’s attitude towards Harris Academy’s decision on slang? A．He disagrees with it. B．He supports it. C．He is confused about it. D．He is uncertain about it. （23-24高一下·云南迪庆·期中）Children should do housework. That’s a controversial (有争议的) idea, though not everyone will admit it. A few parents will say that their children are too busy for housework. Many more of us believe in our children, but the housework just doesn’t get done. That’s a problem. For starters, housework is good for kids. Being a part of the routine work of running a household helps children develop an awareness of the needs of others, while at the same time contributing to their emotional well-being. One small study, done over a period of 25 years, found that the best thing for young adults’ success in their mid-20s was whether they took part in housework at age 3 or 4. Those early shared responsibilities extended to a sense of responsibility in other areas of their lives. But for all that their help matters, few kids are doing much around the house at all. In a survey of 1,000 American adults, 75 percent said they believed regular housework made kids “more responsible”. Yet only 56 percent of those with children said they required them to do housework. Sports and homework are not get-out-of-housework-free cards. The goal, after all, is to raise adults who can balance a caring role in their families and communities with whatever lifetime achievement goals they choose. Housework teaches that balance. What should you do when getting children to do housework? Accept no excuses. Don’t worry if you must repeat yourself again and again. If you’re spending more time getting the child to do this job than it would take to do it yourself, then you’re doing it right. Can a payment help? Maybe. But if you’re trying to teach kids to share the responsibility of a home, paying them for routine housework is not the right message. 1．What can we infer from the first paragraph? A．Very few children get housework done. B．Children are very busy with housework. C．Housework is a must-do for parents. D．Family members should respect each other. 2．What do we know about the small study in paragraph 3? A．Housework helps a man live a happy life. B．A man’s success depends on his housework. C．Housework benefits a sense of responsibility. D．A child must start doing housework at age 3. 3．What does the author advise parents to do in the last paragraph? A．Balance housework and study. B．Help the child do housework positively. C．Do housework by themselves. D．Pay the child for doing housework. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Adults do less housework at home in the US. B．It is important for children to do housework. C．Parents should do housework for their children. D．Children need more time to do sports at home. （23-24高一下·广东惠州·期中）I’ve spent much of my life dealing with written and spoken words. Now I’m a technologist making use of natural language processing for human good. Given that I work in artificial intelligence (AI), I’m realizing something dangerous happening. Machines are ruining the way we communicate. AI voices are normalized and yet cold, no matter which accent (口音) you set your Siri or Amazon Alexa into. It’s difficult to normalize language to be inoffensive because sometimes we do make people feel uncomfortable or even make them annoyed. Yet this is exactly what we’re asking artificial intelligence to do for us on a billion - person scale. Once these rules are carried out by machines, they’re unavoidable and create much bigger issues. We notice that there is an active desire to only include standardized language in AI - powered tools in an attempt to avoid including potentially harmful or offensive language. And these AI-powered tools are exactly what we use to complete our thoughts almost at any given time. They are everywhere — in our emails, word processors, and web pages. The machines are pushing us into a common tongue, and we accept it as a matter of convenience. But what’s the cost? We’re trading uniqueness and accuracy for convenience. We’re also handing the power of acceptable speech to machines not people. In the real world, people don’t communicate like a Wikipedia (维基百科) article. We use tone (语气), humor and facial expressions. We can tell where people were born based on their accents and wording. Humans are truly unique, and our communication is constantly changing. So we should demand AI systems that promote individuality and uniqueness. We should demand to know how AI is developed and the data used to build it. Because we all deserve this. 1．What is the function of paragraph 1? A．To illustrate the function of communication. B．To introduce the impact of AI on language. C．To share the author’s working experience. D．To stress the importance of AI on language processing. 2．What does the underlined word “inoffensive” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Hateful B．Valuable C．Harmless D．Beneficial 3．How can we promote AI voice? A．AI voice should be legalized. B．AI voice should be modernized. C．AI voice should be standardized. D．AI voice should be personalized. 4．What’s the author’s tone in the passage? A．Praising. B．Humorous. C．Concerned. D．Objective. （23-24高一下·云南保山·期中）Have you ever heard of the Northward Family, a herd of Asian elephants that made their journey in Yunnan? They were a bit naughty for they invaded villagers’ fields. Scientists who took part in scientific research and conservation have also used unmanned aerial vehicles (无人机) and other advanced means to carry out monitoring and early warning of the herd’s arrival. The government also made fences around villagers’ houses, which make effective protection of elephants from humans, making sure the safety of humans and elephants. In addition, safety signs, warning signs and solar-powered street lights have been fixed along the roads where the herd may appear, to remind passers-by to be careful. The government has also set up a “canteen” for the elephants, providing them with food such as banana, corn and so on. Is this amazing “migration” just a journey or a “survival revolution” in search of a new home? A lot of friends who care about the Northward Family are wondering: Is elephants’ migration related to the destruction of their living environment? Only time will tell. What do humans think of the elephant’s journey? On the one hand, it is no accident. We humans can help elephants by respecting their activities. It is within our power to respect science, follow the advice of experts, guide and urge our friends and children to keep their distance. If elephants really become our “neighbors”, how to deal with the “neighborly relations” will certainly become a problem we have to face. On the other hand, the elephant’s journey has shown China’s achievements in protecting its natural environment and wildlife in recent decades. There is no doubt that the normal rotation of the earth cannot depend on the human species alone. The preservation of biodiversity is the “secret” of the earth’s ecological sustainability. When nature becomes something that animals and plants desire, humans will live a wonderful life too. 1．Why was the Northern Family described naughty? A．They destroyed the scientific research. B．They walked into fields of the village. C．They ate a lot of bananas on the way. D．They escaped from where they lived. 2．What did the government do for the herd of elephants? A．They fed the herd with food that is proper. B．They paid attention to the elephants’ movement. C．They removed the fences around villagers’ houses. D．They blocked the roads where the herd might appear. 3．Why did the elephant herd start traveling? A．They loved traveling. B．They were searching for food. C．Their purpose was still unknown. D．Their living habitat was destroyed. 4．What can we learn from elephant’s journey? A．Keeping away from elephants is necessary. B．Protecting elephants is our impossible mission. C．Dealing with elephant’s journey is beyond human’s ability. D．Great efforts have been made in protecting wildlife in China. 重难语篇拔高练 （23-24高一下·四川成都·期中）“Lonely” is defined in the dictionary as “unhappy because you are alone or do not have anyone to talk to” . However, in my opinion, “being alone” can also be meaningful and enjoyable. In other words, “being alone” isn’t equal to “loneliness”. Actually, we can literally enjoy our time when staying alone. Think of loneliness as a time when we don’t have a group of friends around to keep us company, when we are away from the hustle and bustle (熙熙攘攘) of the outside world; when we get the chance to tune in to our inner world; when we are given the time to focus entirely on ourselves. It is during these periods that, without being disturbed and distracted, we are able to discover the things we truly want from our lives. This process is like digging a tunnel, through which we improve ourselves, achieve our goals and get the power to prepare for the difficulty or darkness we may meet with in our future lives. A famous figure skater (花滑冰运动员) once said in his interview that he often felt lonely, but the outside environment would to some extent affect his mind and body, making it difficult for him to concentrate during his practice and performance, and thus he was actually willing to be alone and at times would rather be isolated from the world. This type of “loneliness” must be one of the reasons why he has been able to deliver so many wonderful performances throughout his career. So don’t be frightened by the temporary emptiness or unhappy feeling when you have to be alone. Instead, cherish and enjoy the sense of loneliness you get when you are completely free. Spend time with yourself. We become more independent in loneliness. We grow stronger in loneliness. Most importantly, we find our complete selves in loneliness. 1．What’s the author’s opinion about “being alone”? A．There is no point in being alone. B．Being alone is as something shameful C．Being alone means being lonely and helpless. D．We appreciate our time more when we are alone. 2．How does the author develop Paragraph 2? A．By listing figures. B．By making comparisons. C．By analyzing causes. D．By providing examples. 3．Why is the figure skater mentioned in the passage? A．To show athletes always feel lonely. B．To describe the factor of the success. C．To confirm the positive effect of “loneliness”. D．To indicate loneliness is as important as practice. 4．What is the author’s purpose for writing this passage? A．To illustrate different opinions on staying alone. B．To persuade people into staying away from others. C．To offer some suggestions on how to spend time alone. D．To encourage people to value and enjoy their time of loneliness. （23-24高一下·辽宁沈阳·期中）In one horrible film plot, AI eventually outsmarts humans and takes over computers and factories. In another, large language models (LLMs) of the sort that power generative AI like ChatGPT give bad guys the know — how to create destructive cyberweapons. It is time to think hard about these film plots, not because they have become more probable but because policymakers around the world are considering measures to guard against them. The idea that AI could drive humans to extinction is speculative — no one yet knows how such a threat might materialise and no common methods exist for determining what counts as risky. Plenty of research needs to be done before standards and rules can be set. Governments cannot ignore a technology that could change the world deeply. Regulators have been too slow in the past, but there is danger, too, in acting hurriedly. If they go too fast, policymakers could create global rules that are aimed at the wrong problems and are ineffective against the real ones. Because of the computing resources and technical skills required, only a handful of companies have so far developed powerful “frontier” models. New hurried regulations could easily block out competitors to the “handful of companies”, especially because these companies are working closely with governments on writing the rule book. A focus on extreme risks is likely to make regulators careful of open-source models, which are freely available and can easily be revised. The best that governments can do now is to set up the basic systems to study the technology and its potential risks, and ensure that those working on the problem have enough resources. As AI develops further, regulators will have a far better idea of what risks they are guarding against, and consequently what the rule book should look like. A fully mature body could eventually take shape. But creating it will take time and reflection. 1．What does the first paragraph function as? A．An argument. B．An explanation. C．A lead-in. D．A comment. 2．What does the author think of AI driving humans to extinction? A．He believes it is a realistic possibility. B．He considers it fictional and unworthy for policymakers to pay attention to. C．He views it as an uncertain threat that needs more research. D．He perceives it as a seemingly reasonable situation that requires serious consideration. 3．What is the harm of regulators’ going too fast on the AI issue? A．Competition in this area is prevented. B．The development of AI is restricted. C．AI will be applied to a limited degree. D．The public will be misled about danger. 4．Which can be the best title of the text? A．AI: a Real Threat? B．Don’t Rush into Policing AI C．AI: Humans’ Friend or Enemy? D．Time for Government to Regulate AI 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$